BUILDING

ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
Components of the Building
Electrical System
 UNIT SUBSTATION
BUILDING Transfer Load Centers

ELECTRICAL An assembly of primary switch-fuse-breaker, step-down

transformer, meters, controls, busbars and secondary switchboard.
SYSTEMS It is used to supply power from a primary voltage line to any large
facility.
BUILDING ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS

UNIT SUBSTATION
Service Set-up
1. Service Drop- the overhead
portion of service conductors
extending from the nearest utility
pole to a building.
2. Service Lateral- the
underground portion of service
conductors extending from a
main powerline or transformer to
a building
BUILDING ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
UNIT SUBSTATION
Service Entrance
The point of delivery of electricity to a
building by public utility company.
The service entrance consists of the
following:
1. Service Conductors
These are the conductors (wire or cable)
which extend from the street distribution
main or distribution transformer to the
service equipment of the building.
BUILDING ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS

UNIT SUBSTATION
The service entrance consists of the following:
2. Service Conduits
RSC conduits
3. Weatherproof Head/ Entrance Cap
4. Service Entrance Switch
This affords the means of connecting or
disconnecting the entire electrical service and
of automatic protection against severe
overloads and short circuit.
5. Service Electrical Post
6. Meter
BUILDING
ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
Types of Service Entrance
1. Overhead Service
-connected from a service
drop in the nearest utility
pole to the building service
entrance point.
-it enters the building
through the weatherproof
head or entrance cap down
to the electrical power meter.
BUILDING
ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
Types of Service Entrance
2. Underground Service
-it is tapped to the main by a
service lateral consists of a
buried concrete enveloped
raceway extending from the
building to the property line
-the cable recommended is
the USE type (underground
service entrance) cable.
BUILDING
ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
Switch Gear
A room that houses switchboards
Main Switchboard
• The service entrance conductors (wires,
cable, busbars) terminates in the main
switchboard.
• It connects to the distribution panel
boards by means of feeder circuits
protected by overcurrent protective
devices such as circuit breaker and fuse.
• The main switchboard are in switchgear
room serves for the control, protection
and metering of the main feeders.
BUILDING
ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
Types of Switchboard
1. Live Front- all the current
carrying parts of the
switching equipment are
mounted on the exposed
face or front of the panel.
BUILDING
ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
Types of Switchboard
2. Dead front- all live parts are
installed behind the panel, the
operator controls the switches,
breakers, and other devices by
means of insulated handles
extending through holes in the
front face.
BUILDING
ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
Feeder Circuits
A feeder circuit is a set of
conductors which extends
from the main switchboard
to a Main Distribution Panel
(MDP) with no other circuits
connected to it between the
source and the distributing
center.
From the MDP, other sub-
panel boards can be
connected via sub-feeders.
Panel boards are lower
capacity switchboards.
BUILDING ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
Sub-Feeder Circuits
Are line extensions of a feeder, fed
through a panel board or cut-out, or from
one distributing center to another and
having no other circuit connected to it
between the two distributing centers.
A sub-feeder serves to distribute power
from the main feeders to smaller local
panel boards, called sub-panel boards.
BUILDING
ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
Panel Boards or Sub-Panel Boards
These serve to control and protect the
feeders, sub-feeders, and branch circuits.
Popularly known as “panel” or “electrical
panel”, it is simply the box wherein the
protective devices are housed from which
the circuits and busbars terminate.
If the devices are of fuses, it is called a
“Fuse Panel” and if the devices are
breakers, it is called a “breaker panel”. It
is rare that fuses and breakers are
housed in the same box, except that a
breaker panel may sometimes have a
main switch and a fuse for overall
protection of the panel.
 Types of Panel Boards
BUILDING LP- lighting panel board
ELECTRICAL PP- Power/Motor panel board
DP- Main Distribution panel
SYSTEMS IP- Isolation panel

According to mounting:
-flush type
-surface type
BUILDING ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
Panel Board Locations
1. A 1 meter high or less panel board should be located 1.35 meters from the
floor to its centerline.
2. A panel board over 1 meter high should be located 75cm from floor to the
bottom of the box, except that the highest branch circuit connection should
not be more than 1.95 meters from the floor.
3. If necessary, the 75cm can be lowered to 45cm with the same restrictions as
in no. 2. if these requirements cannot be followed, the panel should be
divided in to two sections
4. If two or more panels are adjacent on the same wall, the centerlines of each
box should be equidistant. In addition, panel boxes should be installed with a
minimum spacing of 10cm apart.
BUILDING
ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
Branch Circuit
These are small capacity
conductors which deliver energy
to lamps, motors and other loads
within the circuit. An overcurrent
protective device is required for
each branch circuit.

Utilization Equipment
These are lighting, power and
motor loads and wiring devices
which are directly handled and
utilized by users.
 BUILDING
ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
BUILDING
ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
Lighting Protection
System
Lighting Rod- any of
several conducting rods
installed at the top of a
structure and grounded to
divert lightning away from
the structure. Also called “air
terminal”.
 Lighting Protection System
BUILDING Lighting Arrester- a device for protecting electric
equipment from damage by lightning or other high-
ELECTRICAL voltage currents, using spark gaps to carry the current to
the ground without passing through the device.

SYSTEMS *Spark gap- a space between two terminals or

electrodes across which a discharge of electricity may
pass at a prescribed voltage.
ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS
PUSH BUTTON
FEEDER L LAMP HOLDER

BRANCH CIRCUIT-CEILING/WALL BELL

PS LAMP HOLDER WITH PULL SWITCH

BRANCH CIRCUIT-FLOOR C BUZZER

CLOCK OUTLET
3&4 WIRES CIRCUIT NO.
MARK INDICATES 2 WIRES D DROP CORD OUTLET CH CHIME

CROSSING WIRES F FAN OUTLET

ANNUNCIATOR
CONNECTING WIRES R RADIO OUTLET

LIGHTING PANEL
FLOOR OUTLET
LIGHTING OUTLET CEILING POWER PANEL
DUPLEX CONVENIENCE OUTLET FUSE
RECESSED CEILING OUTLET
DASH INDICATES SHAPE OF CONVENIENCE OUTLET SPLIT-WIRED WH WATT-HOUR METER
FIXTURE
WEATHER PROOF OUTLET
WP T TRANSFORMER

OUTLET AND SWITCH

LIGHTING OUTLET WALL S JUNCTION BOX
J
RANGE OUTLET
R
SPECIAL PURPOSE OUTLET GROUND
FLUORESCENT LAMP

REFRIGERATOR OUTLET
ref
SCHEDULE OF LOADS
Step 1
Locate the circuit for which you want to calculate the circuit load. Take the breaker size and multiply it by the rated voltage.
For example, a 20 amp breaker that operates at 120 volts has a maximum load of 2400 watts. The National Electric Code
recommends that a circuit not be loaded more than 80 percent of its maximum capacity.
Step 2
Calculate the recommended maximum. Multiply the breaker maximum capacity by 80 percent. This equals 2400 watts
times 80 percent or 1920 watts.
Step 3
Locate all of the appliances and devices that are connected to this circuit. Check each device for how many watts of power
it uses. Write down the wattage of each device. If the wattage is not given, multiply the voltage of the device by the amount
of current it uses to get the power in watts.
Step 4
Add the wattage of all of these devices together to get the total load on the circuit. Take the total load and divide it by the
maximum recommended load to get a percentage. For example, if the total loads add up to 800 watts and this is a 20 amp
circuit, then the load usage is 800 watts divided by 1920 watts which equals 0.416 or 42 percent. This means that this
circuit is operating at 42 percent of its recommended maximum load.
https://www.hunker.com/12002336/how-to-calculate-electrical-circuit-loads
 • Schedule of loads are just a summary of data to easily
SAMPLE identify and facilitate the necessary values and
equipment rating to be used in any electrical installation.
SCHEDULE OF Any data given in the schedule of loads were backed by
calculation based on a well settled electrical principles
LOADS and code requirements.

Ckt Load Ph Rating No. of Outlets VA Volts Amps Wire CB Cond.

Per
outlet

1 L.O. 1 100 VA 12 1,200 220 5.45 #14 TW 15 AT, 1P plug-in ½” dia.

2 L.O. 1 100 VA 9 900 220 4.09 #14 TW 15 AT, 1P plug-in ½” dia.
3 L.O. 1 100 VA 6 600 220 2.73 #14 TW 15 AT, 1P plug-in ½” dia.
4 C.O 1 180 VA 10 1,800 220 8.18 #12 TW 20 AT, 1P plug-in ¾” dia.
5 C.O 1 180 VA 12 2,160 220 9.82 #12 TW 30 AT, 1P plug-in ¾” dia.
6 ACU 1 2.5 HP 1 2331 220 10.60 #10 TW 30 AT, 1P plug-in ¾” dia.
7 ACU 1 2.5 HP 1 2331 220 10.60 #10 TW 30 AT, 1P plug-in ¾” dia.
8 ACU 1 2.5 HP 1 2331 220 10.60 #10 TW 30 AT, 1P plug-in ¾” dia.
9 Range Load 1 5000 W 1 5000 220 22.71 # 8 TW 80 AT, 1P plug-in 1.0” dia.
WIRING DESIGN

House wiring installation has been addressed by the NEC under the
following specific condition:
1. Wiring shall be of types RHW, T, THW, THWN, THHN and XHHN.
2. On a 15 amp circuit, a single appliance shall not draw a maximum
of 12 amp; on a 20amp circuit, maximum of 16amp appliance and
on a 30amp circuit, a single appliance shall not exceed 24
amperes.
3. If a branch circuit is combined with lighting or portable appliances,
any fixed appliance shall not be allowed to draw more than 7.5amp
on a 15amp circuit and 10amp on a 20amp circuit.
WIRING DESIGN

House wiring installation has been addressed by the NEC under the
following specific condition:
4. A heavy lamp holder shall be rated not less than 750 watts.
5. A 30, 40, and 50amp circuit shall not be used for fixed lighting in
residences.
6. For appliances used continuously for longer periods of time (i.e.
motor, pumps, and air-conditioners), their actual loads shall be
computed not to exceed 80%(demand factor) of the fuse rating.
7. A continuous type load shall be considered at 125% of the actual
load in all load calculations.
WIRING DESIGN

House wiring installation has been addressed by the NEC under

the following specific condition:
8. A single receptacle on an individual branch circuit shall have a
rating of not less than the circuit.
9. Receptacles feeding portable and or steady appliances shall
be limited to loads 80% of their rating, that is:
• 12amp for a 15amp receptacle
• 16amp for a 20amp receptacle
• 24amp for a 30amp receptacle
WIRING DESIGN

House wiring installation has been addressed by the NEC under

the following specific condition:
10. The number of outlets in a circuit shall be limited to:
• 6 outlets on a 15amp circuit
• 8 outlets on a 20amp circuit
• 12 outlets on a 30amp circuit
• 16 outlets on a 40amp circuit