11..psychosocial Disability
11..psychosocial Disability
DISABILITY AND
MENTAL HEALTH
PROBLEMS
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production of this chapter.
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WHAT IS DISABILITY
PSYCHOSOCIAL?
permanently or temporarily related to psychological and social issues, due to alterations in mental
It is a disability that occurs
health and serious mental disorders (caused by organic, psychological and social causes). It involves attitudinal and discrimination
barriers that prevent active participation in and with the community.
IS: REMEMBER
A BOY OR GIRL,
YOUNG MAN OR PERSON :
WITH DISABILITY j
PSYCHOSOCIAL OR •
IT'S NOT
PROBLEMS OF “
MENTAL HEALTH “ Crazy (a)
Loose (a)
“It is not just the absence of mental disorders. HE
defines asa welfare state
in which the individual
is aware of his own
capabilities, can cope with
Psychological issues relate to thinking, ways of Not everyone with a mental health condition or
experiencing things, perception of the environment and mental disorder will experience psychosocial disability.
mood. Social ones refer to limitations in behavior, interaction
and communication. The World Health Organization defines mental
• He knows how to share and accept the rules of the game (from the moment he speaks).
• They have to adapt to multiple changes: separation of parents, new partners, step-siblings,
changes of school, friends, population.
External • A loving relationship between family members and the school environment • Families with a father or mother with a recent history of
capable of generating trust, security and self-esteem in sons and serious mental illness, especially: Major depression,
(from the environment) daughters. schizophrenia or serious personality disorders.
• A stable and at the same time flexible family and educational framework to • Families in a situation of economic and cultural poverty.
adapt to changes.
• Single-parent families without support from the extended
family.
• A consistent discipline, adapted to the child's age, with
explicit rejection of physical punishment, insults, humiliation and contempt.
• Very young parents without support from extended family.
• Ability to change to adapt to conflicts and life crises. • Families with drug addiction problems with alcohol or
other drugs.
• The existence of fluid communication between family members. It is possible • Families with very dysfunctional internal relationships.
to disagree and confront opinions within the family framework.
• Family breakups in which chronic hostility persists
• The boundaries within the family are clear: the parental subsystem and the between the parents.
filial subsystem are clearly defined. As well as school boundaries.
• Immigrant families without social support groups in their
environment.
• Parents and teachers teach children to express their opinions, feelings and
• Families in which a son or daughter is used as a means
emotions. They listen to children, encourage dialogue and help them
of family conflict.
think.
• Families with persistent and severe intra-family disputes
• There is a good relationship with the extended family: grandparents, uncles, between adults, with marked tension and intra-family
cousins, etc. A good atmosphere in the classroom. conflict.
• The family participates and gets involved in the culture of its environment • Families with dysfunctional relationship patterns between
with recreational, sporting, cultural, political or social activities. their members.
This is the normal stage of tantrums and crying when their parents cannot please them and let them do
their will.
An example of how a child can develop autonomy at this age is allowing him or her to choose the shoes
he or she wants to wear, the color of his or her clothes, or what kind of cookies he or she wants to eat.
If a child at this age is not given alternatives regarding the smallest things that he or she can decide on, he
or she becomes frustrated, feels ashamed, and his or her character and willpower do not develop
properly.
Erikson and the 8 stages of human development. Psychologically speaking. 2009 at: http://www.psicologicamentehablando.com/erickson-y-las-8-etapas-del-desarrollo-humano/
STAGES OF THE SOCIALIZATION PROCESS IN CHILDHOOD
AND ADOLESCENCE ACCORDING TO ERICKSON
At this stage, the child learns the basics of life that he or she needs to interested in reading. At this age, he understands that doing homework is
become a functional and competent adult. According his responsibility and develops self-discipline which helps him behave well
Competence From the time the child
to Erikson, this is where the boy or girl begins his or at school, be more sociable with his friends, at home and abide by the rules
starts going to school until
her relationship with his or her friends and follows the imposed by his parents which he applies in each of the environments in
he finishes his
VSInferiority secondary
social norms appropriate for this age. At this stage, which he develops at this age. If the boy or girl did not successfully
children also learn how to follow the rules of games overcome the previous stages, upon reaching this stage he or she feels
and can play in teams and practice sports that have doubtful about his or her future and develops inferiority complexes, feeling
education (
defined rules. At this stage, the child understands guilty and ashamed for not being able to adapt socially and act like boys
approximately 14 years
that he or she must learn certain academic knowledge such as social and girls of his or her age.
If the adolescent at this age has overcome the other stages without an awareness of what is good and bad for him and his logic guides him to
frustrations of any kind, he or she learns to deviate from delinquency and adopt appropriate social behavior. The
From 13 or 14 satisfactorily answer who he or she is as an teenager seeks guidance from people who inspire him and gradually
Identity vs
years old to 20 years old individual. However, even the most mature develops his ideals to be a successful adult. At this stage, the adolescent
confusion adolescents experience some confusion about their tries out different ways of dressing and adapting to society until they find the
identity. Many adolescents here rebel and may even engage in minor environment in which they feel comfortable. If the teenager does not find his
delinquency problems due to the temporary identity confusion they identity at this stage, he becomes a person who breaks the rules of society,
experience at this age. Erikson believes that a mature adolescent develops or develops a weak character and allows bad influences to guide him down
inappropriate paths and may develop antisocial behavior.
Below is a guide for detecting mental health problems that the educator must complete together with the
father, mother and/or close relatives of the child.
Mark with an a the indicators that the child presents often, sometimes or never.
BEHAVIORAL
SYMPTOMS:
MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS DETECTION GUIDE2 Aggression, negativism,
HOW TOINDICATORS
DETECT A CHILD WITH
Never PSYCHOSOCIAL
Sometimes Often A withdrawal, inability
to carry out daily life activities
1 DISABILITY
Complaints of aches and pains. OR MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS?
, stereotyped
behaviors.
2 He spends a lot of time alone.
Observations: ________________
3 Gets tired easily,
Thehas littleand
signs energy.
symptoms of this disability in boys and girls vary according to age and level of development. For any symptom, there are two
4 fundamental
Restless, aspects
unable to sit still. to assess: its persistence over time and its severity. This disability encompasses a set of symptoms of various kinds, of
which we can list the following: COGNITIVE
5 He has problems with some teacher.
AND PERCEPTIONAL
6 Less interested in studies or play.
PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS SYMPTOMS: AND SOCIAL SYMPTOMS:
7
:
It doesn't stop, it acts as if it were driven by a motor. Alterations in Sadness, anxiety,
consciousness, short- anguish,
8 Daydreams, fantasizes too much. Body aches and/or lack
and long-term
THE DISORDERS fear,
of physical drive,
9 Easily distracted. memory. HearingCHILDREN'S
voices MENTAL DISORDERS isolation
difficulty with
, alterations Childhood psychosis,
ARE: depression, anxiety and
10 He gets scared in new situations. self-image, neglect disorders notable
in visual perception and
of body and environment, sleep problems , difficulty
11 He feels sad, cries easily. even alterations
. eating disorders, in
in olfactory perception.
12 He is irritable, angry. AFFECTIVE obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic processing
changes
13 He feels useless.
and grieving.
14 He has trouble concentrating.
22 He worries a lot.
23 He wants to be with his father and/or mother more than before. 2 Instrument based on: MSJellinek and JM
Murphy, Massachusetts General Hospital.
INDICATORS Never Sometimes Often Observations:
24 He/she feels that he/she is bad.
28 Behaves as if smaller.
35 He refuses to share.
situations and
motivates the child
or girl to participate.
3 Cardona Angelica and Arambula Lourdes. Care strategies for different disabilities. Handbook for parents and teachers. Ed. Threshing. Mexico. 2011. P. 63-66, 71-74.
Promotes the
Be balanced in the
independence
attitudes towards the child or
of the boy or girl,
Girl, reward him with
as well as the
kind words and hugs
responsibility for
in the face of behaviors
their actions.
positive and point out in
private his mistakes, I know
constant in this
aspect.
Set rules of Assign tasks of limited and immediate
behavior in a clear, specific and concrete way: Reinforces
set limits, define duration such as delivering material,
in a way
what can and cannot be done running errands, erasing the board, etc.
immediate their can do.
achievements.
Classroom
The most important supports for children with psychosocial disabilities or mental
health problems are: Providing them with a safe environment, free of stigma and
discrimination, including them in group activities, talking with parents to share
6. AI,
assertive attitudes and behaviors, and giving order and clear rules.
IN
for success when the group is present.
process in
thinking mathematical
knowledge
which the
child is. a
: .
For of
the
(
AIM: At the end of the activity, children will recognize the different emotions and
the situations in which each one occurs.
Time required: 40 minutes
Below we give you
suggestions for some activities that Copies of sheets to draw emotions (can be the one shown on the next
can be carried out Support materials: page), colored pencils, mirror.
as a group to promote values and 1 Sit the boys and girls at their tables and chairs in a horseshoe shape so
Activities:
attitudes that they can all see each other.
of tolerance, respect and mutual help
in children Start 2 Ask them what emotions are and which emotions they know.
.
3 Distribute the worksheets and ask them to draw faces with different
emotions: happy, angry, sad, surprised, scared, sorry, etc.
Development
4 Once they are finished, invite them to come to the front to show their
drawings and make gestures of the different emotions and put them in
front of the mirror so they can see themselves.
5 Talk to the children about each emotion, what situations make them feel
happy, sad, angry, sorry, etc.
Closing
6 We conclude by saying that it is important to know the different emotions
and be able to name them when you feel them in order to manage them
appropriately.
KNOWING OUR EMOTIONS4
Complete the faces of these boys and girls with the emotions that your teacher tells you.
4 http://fichasinfantiles.blogspot.mx/2011/05/caritas-para-colorear-e-imprim.html
220
We suggest you share the following books with the children at the community center, which will serve as support for the inclusion of children with
psychosocial disabilities or mental health problems:
COHEN, Milly. Fortuna's friends. Resistance Publishing House. Mexico. 2011.
Teach him
Remember to
appreciate
that
disability and others,
respect
and Teaches breathing
psychosocial is It is important
treatable,
It may be temporary encourage
help others. to maintain an
him to and relaxation
and with the
supports can be exercises
necessary orderly
lead an active life and environment with
to help reduce
productive. clear
stress.
rules.
It is important We must
receive help and educate
inform the
professional, provide people of our
environment Show the child
company, support
about
diseases Provides a or girl ways
emotional
mental and safe place effective for
and
acceptanc
the
disability to learn to be solve problems
e
psychosocial to abate independent. and conflicts.
the stigma.
strategies, the child has greater achievements.
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RECEIVE
• Motor rehabilitation therapies www.reanudar.com
Ages of attention: resume@gmail.com
From 8 years old, no age limit.
Address: CECOCAM
GUIDANCE FOR A
Romulo O Farril 351, Col. Parents' olive grove. Of the. Alvaro Obregon
Telephone: 5681 4287 and 56817617
CUAUHTÉMOC COMMUNITY MENTAL
Website / Email:: HEALTH CENTER
www.cies-mex.edu.mx centrodeatencion@cies-mex.edu.mx SAP operational unit that provides outpatient services in Community
CHILD? Health Center T III Portales Mental Health and Psychiatry to patients, family members and the general -
WHO PROBABLY HAVE Services: • Psychological and psychiatric therapies focused on emotional population of the area of influence in a comprehensive and multidisciplinary
manner; participates in the training and development of human resources