CLASS XI , CHAPTER: BASIC CONCEPTS IN CHEMISTRY- GIST FOR REVIEW

Gist of Unit /Sub Unit Activities

understand and appreciate the Chemistry is the science of molecules and their transformations. It is the science not so much of the
role of chemistry in different one hundred elements but of the infinite variety of molecules that may be built from them
spheres of life; IMPORTANCE OF CHEMISTRY
explain the characteristics of PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND THEIR MEASUREMENT : SI UNIT SYSTEM
three states of matter; UNCERTAINTY IN MEASUREMENT: Significant figures, Rules Scientific notation, Precision
classify different substances and accuracy, Rounding off, Dimensional Analysis
into elements, compounds and LAWS OF CHEMICAL COMBINATIONS:Law of Conservation of mass 2. Law of contatnt
mixtures; composition 3. Law of multiple proportion 4. Law of reciprocal proportions 5. Gay lussacs law of
define SI base units and list constant composition 6. Avogadro Hypothesis
some commonly used prefixes; DALTON’S ATOMIC THEORY, ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR MASSES: Average Atomic
 use scientific notations and Masses, MOLE CONCEPT AND MOLAR MASSES, PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION
perform simple mathematical EMPIRICAL FORMULA AND MOLECULAR FORMULA (Molecular formula = n Empirical
operations on numbers; Formula), STOICHIOMETRY AND STOICHIOMETRIC CALCULATIONS
differentiate between Quantitative method for chemical reaction is called chemical stoichiometry
precision and accuracy; Limiting Reagents: the reactant, which is completely consumed in the reactions, is called the
determine significant figures; limiting reactant Reactions in Solutions: 1. Mass per cent or weight per cent (w/w %) 2. Mole
convert physical quantities fraction 3. Molarity 4. Molality
from one system of units to
another;
explain various laws of
chemical combination;
 appreciate significance of
atomic mass, average atomic
mass, molecular mass and
formula mass;
describe the terms – mole
and molar mass;
calculate the mass per cent
of different elements
constituting a compound;
determine empirical formula
and molecular formula for a
compound from the given
experimental data;
perform the stoichiometric
calculations.
HOME ASSINGMENT HOTS AND MLL
1.Calculate the mass of sodium acetate
(CH3COONa) required to make 500 mL of 1) A crystalline salt on being rendered anhydrous loses 45.6% of its weight. The
0.375 molar aqueous solution. Molar mass of composition of Anhydrous salt is Al = 10.5%, K =15.1%, S = 24.8% & O =
sodium acetate is 82.0245 g mol 49.6%. Calculate the formula of anhydrous salt & crystalline salt (At. Mass Al =
2. Calculate the concentration of nitric acid in 27, K= 39, S= 32)
moles per litre in a sample which has a 2) Define Molarity. What does 1M solution of sodium Hydroxide mean. 0.212g of
density, 1.41 g mL–1 and the mass per cent of Na2CO3 is dissolved in 500ml of solution. Calculate the molarity of solution.
nitric acid in it being 69%. 3) (i) Express to 3 significance figures in scientific Notation:
3. How much copper can be obtained from (a) 438484.3 (b) .007834 (c) 5.60894 (d) 1.785 * 10 3 (e) 8.3754 * 10-2
100 g of copper sulphate (CuSO4) ? 4) How will you explain the difference between accuracy and precision?
4. Determine the molecular formula of an 5)Calculate the amount of limewater required to remove the hardness of 30,000 L
oxide of iron in which the mass per cent of of hard water containing 162 grams of calcium bicarbonate per thousand liters. (At.
iron and oxygen are 69.9 and 30.1 respect. Mass of Ca= 40)

CASE STUDY BASED QUESTION:

Mole, also spelled mol, in chemistry, a standard scientific unit for measuring large quantities of very small entities such as
atoms, molecules, or other specified particles.The mole designates an extremely large number of units, 6.02214076
×1023. The General Conference on Weights and Measures defined the mole as this number for the International System of
Units (SI) effective from May 20, 2019. The mole was previously defined as the number of atoms determined
experimentally to be found in 12 grams of carbon-12. The number of units in a mole also bears the name Avogadro’s
number, or Avogadro’s constant, in honor of the Italian physicist Amedeo Avogadro (1776–1856). Avogadro proposed
that equal volumes of gases under the same conditions contain the same number of molecules, a hypothesis that proved
useful in determining atomic and molecular weights and which led to the concept of the mole.
Now answer the following questions:
Q1. How many moles of Hydrogen atoms are present in 4 moles of H2?
Q2. Which one will have maximum number of atoms?
(A) 4 grams He (B) 4 moles of He (C) 8 grams He (D) 2 moles of He
Q3. If one spends 6.02 × 1013 rupees every second then how many seconds are required to spend 1 mole rupees?
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MCQ: Q1. What is the mass percentage of carbon in carbon dioxide? (A) 0.034% (B) 27.27% (C) 3.4%
(D) 28.7%
Q2. The empirical formula and molecular mass of a compound are CH2O and 180 g respectively. What will be the
molecular formula of the compound? (A) C9H18O9 (B) CH2O (C) C6H12O6 (D) C2H4O2
Q3. What will be the molarity of a solution, which contains 5.85 g of NaCl (MM=58.44 g/mole) per 500 mL?
(A) 4 mol L–1 (B) 20 mol L–1 (C) 0.2 mol L–1 (D) 2 mol L–1
Q4. The number of atoms present in one mole of an element is equal to Avogadro number. Which of the following
element contains
the greatest number of atoms? (A) 4 g He (B) 46 g Na (C) 0.40 g Ca (D) 12 g He
Q5. The number of significant figures in 6.02×1023 are, (A) 23 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 26
(ASSERTION-REASON QUESTIONS)
In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the
correct option out of the choices given below each question.
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. (B) A is true but R is false.
(C) A is false but R is true. (D) Both A and R are false.
Q1. Assertion: The empirical mass of ethene is half of its molecular mass. Reason: The empirical formula represents the
simplest whole-number ratio of various atoms present in a compound.
Q2. Assertion: One atomic mass unit is defined as one twelfth of the mass ofone carbon-12 atom. Reason: Carbon-12
isotope is the most abundant isotope of carbon and has been chosen as standard.
Q3. Assertion: Significant figures for 0.200 is 3 whereas for 200 it is 1. Reason: Zero at the end or right of a number are
significant provided they are not on the right side of the decimal point.
Q4. Assertion: Combustion of 16 g of methane gives 18 g of water. Reason: In the combustion of methane, oxygen is
one of the products.
SLIP TEST-
1. The empirical formula and molecular mass of a compound are CH2O and 180 g respectively. What will
be the molecular formula of the compound?
2. Calculate the concentration of nitric acid in moles per litre in a sample which has a density, 1.41 g mL–1
and the mass per cent of nitric acid in it being 69%.
3. Dinitrogen and dihydrogen react with each other to produce ammonia according to the following
chemical equation:
N2(g) + H2(g) → 2NH3(g)
(i) Calculate the mass of ammonia produced if 2.00 × 103g dinitrogen reacts with 1.00 × 103g of di
hydrogen.
(ii) Will any of the two reactants remain unreacted?
(iii) If yes, which one and what would be its mass?
4. What will be the molarity of a solution, which contains 5.85 g of NaCl (MM=58.44 g/mole) per 500
mL?
5. Calcium carbonate reacts with aqueous HCl to give CaCl2 and CO2 according to the reaction given
below: CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) What mass of CaCl2 will be formed
when 250 ml of 0.76 M HCl reacts with 1000 g of CaCO3?