Research Experiences and Knowledge

Research came from “re” and “search”. "Re" is a prefix that means again and search is a word which means to look for.
Therefore, research is to look for something.

 Research is not only about the discovery of something unknown, it is coming up with a new explanation of
something that is known.

 Second, research is a process. It is a process of searching for something to solve an existing problem or difficulty
to solve.

Research is also understood as a systematic investigation or inquiry entailing collection of data, documentation
of critical information, analysis, interpretation of information (Williams 2007),

Importance of Research

Research is very significant in our lives, it has gradually changed human life through history.

The five (5) importance of research to our daily lives.

1. Research aims for truth (Rolfe 2002)-truth based on evidence or data.

2. Research improves quality of human life (Bornmann 2013)-improves our standard of living.

3. Research saves life(Cancer Research UK 2019)-development of medicines.

4. Research gathers necessary information (Igwenagu 2016)-gathering necessary data to explain your problem
and to answer your particular questions. The content of the survey questionnaire and the guided interview must
aligned to the your problem and to the questions that you like to answer.

5. Research explores humanity (Lee, Tran, and Lee 2007)-Research likewise deals with the investigation of
culture to understand and to appreciate others' practices, and beliefs. to provide us explanations about group or
individual culture. Because of this, we can now related, understand, and respect others.

Characteristics of Research

characteristics are features or qualities that distinguish a person, place, or thing.

Characteristics of Research (Cristobal & Cristobal, 2017)

1. Research should be systematic.

- The researcher needs to carry out a series of interrelated steps in conducting the study. Such procedure must
follow a well-planned, sequential and organized structure from beginning to end.

- The research paper is divided into macrosystem and microsystem.

macrosystem refers to different chapters labeled with main headings, while microsystem consists of various
elements detailing the contents of each part.

2. Research should be objective.

- The researcher needs to present information that are purely based on truths. It should always be anchored on
the factual basis in which the research work is founded, thus being free from any bias or personal opinion.

3. Research should be feasible.

- The researcher needs to consider the possibility and practicality of conducting the proposed study. All
significant factors like time, budget and access to resources must be analyzed to determine if the research can
actually be done.
 4. Research should be empirical.

- The researcher needs to employ appropriate methods, either

quantitatively or qualitatively, to produce evidence-based information. They can be drawn from concrete
experimentation, direct or indirect observation, and verifiable experience.

5. Research should be clear.

- The researcher needs to use comprehensible language to present information and convey explanation
throughout the research process. The factors to be manipulated, measured or described in the study, also
known as variables, must be clarified using literature from published and unpublished materials. They should be
explained well from the introductory part of the research paper to ensure a deeper understanding of the study
to be conducted.

 Process refers to a series of steps or actions taken to achieve a particular end or goal.

Five Phases of the Research Process

Conceptual Identifying the problem, reviewing the literature,

Design and Selecting a research design, developing study procedures, and determining the
sampling and data collection plan
Planning
Phase

Empirical Collecting data, and preparing data for analysis

Analytic Analyzing data, interpreting the results, and making

Dissemination Communicating results to appropriate audience, and utilizing the findings

Steps in Conducting a Study

 1. Define the research problem.

To begin your research, you must look at a significant real-life problem. Factors like area of interest, availability
of fund, socio-economic significance of the study, and the safety measures to be undertaken should be
considered in finding and defining the research problem.

 2. Review the literature.

 3. Formulate hypothesis.

A hypothesis is a theoretical statement in solving a logical relationship between variables. It should be based on
the problem being solved.

 4. Prepare the research design.

Identify what is the best means to collect and analyze data in the study to clarify and improve the research
problem, purpose, and questions.

 5. Collect data.

Use an appropriate data collection method to elicit the needed information.

 6. Analyze data.

Utilize strategies and methods that make sense of the data to answer the research problem.

 7. Interpret and report the findings.

Put the information in perspective and present the solution to the proposed problem based on the findings of
the investigation.

For a clearer understanding of the process, The Schematic Diagram: