STUDYWELLTUI

TIONS
TheFr
enchRev
olut
ion

1mar
ksQuest
ions

1.Namet
hebookt
hathaspr
oposedadi
vi
sionofpowerwi
thi
nthegov
ernment
?

Ans.TheSpi
ri
toft
heLaws.

2.Whati
sLi
vre?

Ans.I
twasauni
tofcur
rencyi
nFr
ancedi
scont
inuedi
n1794.

3.Def
ineTi
the?

Ans.At
axl
evi
edbt
hechur
ch,
compr
isi
ngone-
tent
hoft
heagr
icul
tur
alpr
oduce.

4.Whowast
heki
ngofFr
anceatt
het
imeofFr
enchr
evol
uti
on?

Ans.Loui
seXVIoft
heBour
bonf
ami
l
y.

5.WhowasOl
ympedeGouges?

Ans.Ol
ympedeGougeswasoneoft
hemosti
mpor
tantoft
hepol
i
tical
l
yact
ivewomeni
n

r
evol
uti
onar
yFr
ance.

6.I
nwhi
chy
eart
heJacobi
nspl
annedani
nsur
rect
ion?

Ans.I
nthesummerof1792.

7.Namet
henewspaperonwhi
cht
hespeechofRobespi
err
ewaspr
int
ed.

Ans.LeMoni
teurUni
ver
sal

8.Namet
hemi
l
itar
ydi
ctat
orwhoest
abl
i
shedhi
spowerov
erFr
anceaf
tert
hedi
smi
ssal

ofDi
rect
ory
?

Ans.Napol
eonBonapar
te.

9.Whowr
otet
hebook“
TwoTr
eat
iesoft
heGov
ernment
”?

Ans.JohnLocke.

10.Whowr
otet
hebook“
TheSpi
ri
tofLaws”
?

Ans.Mont
esqui
eu.
11.Whowr
oteani
nfl
uent
ial
pamphl
et“
Whati
stheThi
rdEst
ate”
?

Ans.AbbeSi
eyes.

12.Whowr
otet
hebook“
TheSoci
alCont
ract
”?

Ans.Rousseau.

13.Whatwast
hemai
nobj
ect
iveofNat
ional
Assembl
yinFr
ancewhi
l
edr
aft
ingt
he

const
it
uti
onof1791?

Ans.Themai
nobj
ect
iveofNat
ional
Assembl
yinFr
ancewast
oli
mitt
hepower
sofMonar
ch.

14.Namet
hebooki
nwhi
cht
hei
deaofoneper
sononev
otewasment
ioned.

Ans.TheSoci
alCont
ract
.

15.Whocomposedt
hepat
ri
oti
csongMar
sei
l
lai
se?

Ans.RogetdeL’
I
sle.

16.Whowast
heheadofJacobi
nCl
ub?

Ans.Maxi
mil
l
ionRobespi
err
e.

17.Whenwassl
aver
yfi
nal
l
yabol
i
shedi
nFr
enchcol
oni
es?

Ans.1848.

18.Whowasgi
vent
hest
atusofact
iveci
ti
zens?

Ans.Onl
ymenabov
e25y
ear
sofagewhopai
dtaxesequal
toatl
east3day
sofal
abour
er’
s

wage.

19.Whocoul
dqual
i
fyasanEl
ect
or?

Ans.Toqual
i
fyasanel
ect
orandasamemberoft
heAssembl
y,amanhadt
obel
ongt
othe

hi
gherbr
acketoft
axpay
er.

20.Whatwast
hemosti
mpor
tantl
egacyoft
heFr
enchRev
olut
ion?

Ans.Thei
deasofl
i
ber
ty,
freedom anddemocr
ati
cri
ght
swer
ethemosti
mpor
tantl
egacyof

t
heFr
enchRev
olut
ion
3mar
ksQuest
ions

1.Theei
ght
eent
hcent
uryFr
ancewi
tnessedt
heemer
genceoft
hemi
ddl
ecl
ass’
.Who

wer
etheyandwhatwer
ethei
rideas?

Ans.Theei
ght
eent
hcent
urywi
tnessedt
heemer
genceofsoci
algr
oups,
ter
medast
hemi
ddl
e

cl
ass.

Theyear
nedt
hei
rweal
tht
hroughanexpandi
ngov
erseast
radeandmanuf
act
ureofgoods

suchaswool
ensi
l
ktext
il
est
hatwer
eexpor
tedorboughtbyt
her
ichermember
sofsoci
ety
.

I
naddi
ti
ont
omer
chant
sandmanuf
act
urer
sthet
hir
dest
atei
ncl
udedpr
ofessi
onal
ssuchas

l
awy
ersoradmi
nist
rat
iveof
fi
cial
s.

2.Descr
ibeanyt
hreecausesf
ort
hef
all
oft
heJacobi
ngov
ernmenti
nFr
ance.

Ans.TheJacobi
ngov
ernmentf
oll
owedt
hepol
i
cyofsev
erecont
rol
andpuni
shment
.

Al
lthosewhower
eregar
dedast
heenemyoft
her
epubl
i
cwer
ear
rest
edandt
ri
edby

t
ri
bunal
.Iff
oundgui
l
tyt
heywer
egui
l
lot
ined.

Ev
enLui
sXVIwassent
encedt
odeat
hbyacour
tonchar
geoft
reason.

Fi
nal
l
y,opposi
ti
ont
osuchsev
erecont
rol
begant
ogr
owandwasr
esponsi
blef
ort
hef
all
of

t
heJacobi
ngov
ernment
.

3.Whatdoy
ouunder
standbyt
het
erm“
Rei
gnofTer
ror
’?

Ans.Theper
iodf
rom 1793t
o1794i
sref
err
edt
oasr
eignoft
err
or.

Robespi
err
efol
l
owedt
hepol
i
cyofsev
erecont
rol
andpuni
shment
.

Al
lthosewhower
eregar
dedast
heenemyoft
her
epubl
i
cwer
ear
rest
edandt
ri
edby

t
ri
bunal
.Iff
oundgui
l
tyt
heywer
egui
l
lot
ined.

4.Hi
ghl
i
ghtt
hepr
ovi
sionsoft
heconst
it
uti
onwhi
chwasi
ntr
oducedaf
tert
hef
all
of

Jacobi
ncl
ub.

Ans.Thef
all
oft
heJacobi
nGov
ernmental
l
owedt
heweal
thi
ermi
ddl
ecl
assedt
osei
ze

power
.
ANewconst
it
uentwasi
ntr
oducedwhi
chdeni
edt
hev
otet
onon-
proper
ti
edsect
ionsof

soci
ety
.

I
tpr
ovi
dedf
ort
woel
ect
edl
egi
slat
ivecounci
l
s.Theset
henappoi
ntedaDi
rect
ory
,and

execut
ivemadeupoff
ivemember
s.

Thi
swasmeanasasaf
eguar
dagai
nstt
heconcent
rat
ionofpoweri
naonemanexecut
iveas

undert
heJacobi
ns.

5.Whatr
oledi
dwomenpl
aydur
ingt
her
evol
uti
onar
yyear
s?

Ans.Fr
om t
hev
erybegi
nni
ngwomenwer
eact
ivepar
ti
cipanti
ntheev
ent
swhi
chbr
ought

aboutsomanyi
mpor
tantchangesi
nFr
enchsoci
ety
.

I
nor
dert
odi
scussandv
oicet
hei
rint
erest
swomenst
art
edt
hei
rownpol
i
tical
clubsand

newspaper
s.

Aboutsi
xtywomen’
scl
ubcameupi
ndi
ff
erentFr
enchCi
ti
es.TheSoci
etyofr
evol
uti
onar
y

andRepubl
i
canwomenwast
hemostf
amouscl
ubs.

7.Howwast
hesy
stem ofEst
atesi
nFr
enchsoci
etyor
gani
zed?

Ans.Fi
rstEst
ateandSecondEst
ate-
Theseest
atesconsi
stedoft
hecl
ergyandnobi
l
ity
.About

60%oft
hel
andwasownedbynobl
es,
thechur
chandot
hermember
soft
het
hir
dest
ate.

Themember
soft
hef
ir
stt
woest
atest
hatar
ethecl
ergyandnobi
l
ityenj
oyedcer
tai
n

pr
ivi
l
egesbybi
rt
h.Thenobl
esf
urt
herenj
oyedf
eudal
pri
vi
leges.
Thet
hir
dest
atecompr
ised

bi
gbusi
nessman,
mer
chant
s,cour
tof
fi
cial
s,l
awy
ers,
peasant
sandar
ti
sans,
Smal
lpeasant
s,

l
andl
essl
abour
ersandser
vant
set
c.Peasant
swer
e90%popul
ati
onwi
thv
eryl
owf
ew

owner
sofl
and.Onl
ythemember
soft
hir
dest
atepai
dtaxes.

8.Whatt
ypesoft
axeswer
epai
dbyt
het
hir
dest
atei
nFr
ance?

Ans.Nobl
esenj
oyedf
eudal
pri
vi
leges.Peasant
swer
eobl
i
gedt
owor
kint
hei
rhousesand

f
iel
ds,
toser
vei
nthear
myandbui
l
droads.

Peasant
spai
dat
axcal
l
edt
it
hest
othechur
ch.
Thet
hir
dest
atepai
dadi
rectt
axcal
l
edt
ail
l
e.

I
ndi
rectt
axonsal
tandt
obaccower
eal
sol
evi
ed.

9.Howdi
dFr
ancesawt
hesubsi
stencecr
isesdur
ingt
heol
dregi
me?

Ans.Ther
api
dincr
easei
npopul
ati
onf
rom 23mi
l
li
oni
n1715t
o28mi
l
li
oni
n1789l
edt
o

r
api
dincr
easei
nthedemandf
orf
oodgr
ains.Pr
oduct
ionoff
oodgr
ainscoul
dnotkeeppace

wi
tht
hedemand.

Pr
iceofbr
eadwasi
ncr
eased.Wagesal
sodi
dnotkeeppacewi
tht
her
iseofpr
ices.

Sot
hegapbet
weenpoorandr
ichwi
dened.Thi
ngsbecamewor
sewhenev
erdr
oughtorhai
l

r
educedt
hehar
vest
.

Thi
sledt
osubsi
stencecr
ises.

10.Whatwast
hesi
gni
fi
canceoft
hest
ormi
ngoft
heBast
il
le?

Ans.Thef
ir
stoft
heFr
enchRev
olut
ionwasf
ir
edon14Jul
y1789,
int
heci
tyofPar
is.

Ar
ound7000menandwomenwhof
ormedt
hepeopl
e’
smi
l
iti
agat
her
edi
nfr
ontoft
het
own

hal
landbr
okei
ntogov
ernmentbui
l
dingsi
nsear
chofar
ms.

Fi
nal
l
ytheyst
ormedt
heBast
il
le,
thef
ort
resspr
isont
ofr
eepol
i
tical
pri
soner
s.

TheBast
il
lewashat
edbyal
lasi
tst
oodf
ort
hedespot
icpowerofKi
ng.

11.Whatl
awsdi
dther
evol
uti
onar
ygov
ernmenti
ntr
oducet
oimpr
ovet
hel
i
vesof

women?

Ans.I
ntheear
lyy
ear
sther
evol
uti
onar
ygov
ernmentdi
dint
roducel
awst
hathel
ped

i
mpr
ovet
hel
i
vesofwomen.

Toget
herwi
tht
hecr
eat
ionofst
ateschool
s,school
i
ngwasmadecompul
sor
yforal
lgi
rl
s.

Thei
rfat
her
scoul
dnol
ongerf
orcet
hem i
ntomar
ri
ageagai
nstt
hei
rwi
l
l.Mar
ri
agewas

madei
ntoacont
ractent
eredi
ntof
reel
yandr
egi
ster
edunderci
vi
ll
aw.

Di
vor
cewasmadel
egal
,andcoul
dbeappl
i
edf
orbybot
hwomenandmen.

13.Whywer
ewomendi
sappoi
ntedbyt
heconst
it
uti
onof1791i
nFr
ance?
Ans.Womenwer
edi
sappoi
ntedt
hatt
heconst
it
uti
onof1791r
educedt
hepassi
veci
ti
zens.

Theydon’
thav
ether
ightt
ovot
e.

Theydemandedt
her
ightt
ovot
e,t
obeel
ect
edt
otheassembl
yandt
ohol
dpol
i
tical
off
ice.

Onl
ythent
heyf
eltwoul
dthei
rint
erest
sber
epr
esent
edi
nthenewgov
ernment
.

14.Whatdoy
ouknowaboutt
heEst
atesGener
al?

Ans.TheEst
atesGener
alwasapol
i
tical
bodyt
owhi
cht
het
hreeest
atessentt
hei
r

r
epr
esent
ati
ves.

I
nFr
anceoft
heOl
dRegi
me,
themonar
chdi
dnothav
ethepowert
oimposet
axes;
rat
herhe

hadt
ocal
lameet
ingoft
heEst
ateGener
alt
opasst
hepr
oposal
sfornewt
axes.

Howev
eri
twast
hemonar
chal
onewhocoul
ddeci
dewhent
ocal
lameet
ingoft
hisbody
.

15.WhowasMi
rabeau?

Ans.Mi
rabeauwasbor
ninanobl
efami
l
ybutwasconv
incedoft
heneedt
odoawaywi
th

f
eudal
pri
vi
leges.Hebr
oughtoutaj
our
nal
anddel
i
ver
edpower
ful
speechest
othecr
oweds

assembl
edatVer
sai
l
les.

Ther
epr
esent
ati
vesoft
het
hir
dest
ateassembl
edon20Junei
nthehal
loft
hei
ndoort
enni
s

cour
tint
hegr
oundofVer
sai
l
les.Theydecl
aredt
hemsel
vesNat
ional
Assembl
y.Theywer
e

l
edbyMi
rabeauandAbbeSi
eyes.

16.WhowasAbbeSi
eyes?

Ans.AbbeSi
eyeswaspr
omi
nentmemberofNat
ional
Assembl
y.Or
igi
nal
l
y,hewasapr
iest
.

Hewr
oteani
nfl
uent
ial
pamphl
etcal
l
ed,
whati
sThi
rdEst
ate?Ther
epr
esent
ati
vesoft
he

t
hir
dest
ateassembl
edon20Junei
nthehal
loft
hei
ndoort
enni
scour
tint
hegr
oundof

Ver
sai
l
les.Theydecl
aredt
hemsel
vesNat
ional
Assembl
y.Theywer
eledbyMi
rabeauand

AbbeSi
eyes

17.Hi
ghl
i
ghtt
het
urmoi
lofcount
rysi
deofFr
ance,
whent
heNat
ional
Assembl
ywas

busyatVer
sai
l
lesi
ndr
aft
inganewconst
it
uti
on.
Ans.I
nthecount
rysi
der
umor
sspr
eadf
rom v
il
laget
ovi
l
laget
hatt
hel
ordsoft
hemanorhad

hi
redbandsofbr
igadeswhower
eont
hei
rwayt
odest
royt
her
ipecr
ops.

Caughti
naf
renzyoff
ear
,peasant
sinsev
eral
dist
ri
ctssei
zedhoesandpi
tchf
orksand

at
tackedchat
eaux.

Theyl
oot
edhoar
dedgr
ainsandbur
ntdowndocument
scont
aini
ngr
ecor
dsofmanor
ial

dues.

19.Howwast
heNat
ional
Assembl
yrecogni
zedandhowdi
ditst
artexer
cisi
ngi
ts

power
s?

Ans.Facedwi
tht
hepowerofhi
srev
olt
ingsubj
ect
s,Loui
sXVIf
inal
l
yaccor
dedr
ecogni
ti
ont
o

t
heNat
ional
Assembl
yandaccept
edt
hepr
inci
pal
thathi
spower
swoul
dfr
om nowonbe

checkedbyconst
it
uti
on.

Ont
heni
ghtof4August1789,
theAssembl
ypassedadecr
eeabol
i
shi
ngt
hef
eudal
syst
em of

obl
i
gat
ionsandt
axes.

Member
soft
hecl
ergyt
oower
efor
cedt
ogi
veupt
hei
rpr
ivi
l
eges.Ti
theswer
eabol
i
shedand

l
andsownedbyt
hechur
chwer
econf
iscat
ed.

20.Hi
ghl
i
ghtanyt
hreest
epst
akenbyRobespi
err
etoest
abl
i
shedequal
i
tyi
nFr
ench

Soci
ety
?

Ans.I
nst
eadofMonsi
eur(
Sir
)andMadame(
Madam)amor
eequal
for
m ofaddr
essCi
toy
en

andCi
toy
enne(
Cit
izen)waspr
act
iced.

Chur
cheswer
eshutdownandconv
ert
edi
ntobar
racksandof
fi
ces.

Mor
eexpensi
vebr
eadwasf
orbi
dden-al
lci
ti
zensr
equi
redt
oeatequal
i
tybr
ead

19.Whatwast
heposi
ti
onofwomeni
nFr
enchsoci
ety
?

Ans.Mostwomenwor
kedf
oral
i
ving-
asseamst
ress,
Laundr
esses,
sel
l
ingf
lower
,fr
uit
set
cor

asdomest
icser
vant
s.

Onl
ydaught
ersofnobl
esandweal
thi
erpar
ti
esst
udi
edi
nconv
ent
.Thei
rfami
l
iesar
ranged
mar
ri
agesf
ort
hem.

Wor
kingwomenal
sot
ookcar
eoft
hei
rownf
ami
l
ies,
cooked,
andwashed,
cleanedand

queuedupf
orbr
ead.

20.Hi
ghl
i
ghtanyt
hreest
epst
akenbyRobespi
err
etoest
abl
i
shedequal
i
tyi
nFr
ench

Soci
ety
?

Ans.I
nst
eadofMonsi
eur(
Sir
)andMadame(
Madam)amor
eequal
for
m ofaddr
essCi
toy
en

andCi
toy
enne(
Cit
izen)waspr
act
iced.

Chur
cheswer
eshutdownandconv
ert
edi
ntobar
racksandof
fi
ces.

Mor
eexpensi
vebr
eadwasf
orbi
dden-al
lci
ti
zensr
equi
redt
oeatequal
i
tybr
ead.

21.Whatwast
heposi
ti
onofwomeni
nFr
enchsoci
ety
?

Ans.Mostwomenwor
kedf
oral
i
ving-
asseamst
ress,
Laundr
esses,
sel
l
ingf
lower
,fr
uit
set
cor

asdomest
icser
vant
s.

Onl
ydaught
ersofnobl
esandweal
thi
erpar
ti
esst
udi
edi
nconv
ent
.Thei
rfami
l
iesar
ranged

mar
ri
agesf
ort
hem.

Wor
kingwomenal
sot
ookcar
eoft
hei
rownf
ami
l
ies,
cooked,
andwashed,
cleanedand

queuedupf
orbr
ead.

22.Namesomesy
mbol
suseddur
ingFr
enchRev
olut
ionandwhatdot
heyst
andf
or?

Ans.Thebr
okenchai
n:Chai
nswer
eusedt
ofet
tersl
aves.Abr
okenchai
nst
andsf
ort
heact

ofbecomi
ngf
ree.

TheBundl
eofr
odsorf
asces:
Oner
odcanbeeasi
l
ybr
oken,
butnotanent
ir
ebundl
e.

St
rengt
hli
esi
nuni
ty.

Theey
ewi
thi
nat
ri
angl
eradi
ati
ngl
i
ght
:Theal
l
-seei
ngey
est
andsf
orknowl
edge.Theeasyof

t
hesunwi
l
ldr
iveawayt
hecl
oudsofi
gnor
ance.

23.WhatwasGui
l
lot
ine?Bywhom andwhywasi
tused?

Ans.Gui
l
lot
inewasadev
iceconsi
sti
ngoft
wopol
esandabl
adewi
thwhi
chaper
soni
s
beheaded.I
iwasnamedaf
terDrGui
l
lot
inewhoi
nvent
edi
t.

I
twasusedbyRobespi
err
e.

Robespi
err
efol
l
owedapol
i
cyofr
eignoft
err
orofsev
erecont
rol
andpuni
shment
.Those

whof
oll
owedapol
i
cyofr
eignoft
err
orofsev
erecont
rol
andpuni
shment
.Thosewhodi
d

notagr
eewi
thhi
smet
hodswer
ear
rest
ed,
impr
isonedandt
hent
ri
edbyar
evol
uti
onar
y

t
ri
bunal
.Ift
hecour
tfoundt
hegui
l
ty,
theywer
egui
l
lot
ine

25.Howdi
dFr
ancebecomeaconst
it
uti
onal
monar
chy
?

Ans.Thenat
ional
Assembl
ycompl
etedt
hedr
aftoft
heconst
it
uti
oni
n1791

I
tsmai
nobj
ectwast
oli
mitt
hepower
soft
hemonar
ch.Thepower
sinst
eadofbei
ng

concent
rat
edi
nthehandsofoneper
sonwer
enowsepar
atedandassi
gnedt
odi
ff
erent

i
nst
it
uti
ons-t
hel
egi
slat
ure,
execut
iveandj
udi
ciar
y.

Thi
smadeFr
anceaconst
it
uti
onal
monar
chy
.

26.WhatwasDi
rect
ory
?Whywasi
tremov
edf
rom Fr
ance?

Ans.Thef
all
oft
heJacobi
nsgov
ernmental
l
owedt
heweal
thi
ermi
ddl
ecl
asst
osei
zepower
.

Anewconst
it
uti
onwasi
ntr
oducedwhi
chdeni
edt
hev
otet
onon-
proper
ti
edsect
ionsof

soci
ety
.Itpr
ovi
dedf
ort
woel
ect
edl
egi
slat
ivecounci
l
s.

Theset
henappoi
ntedaDi
rect
ory
,anexecut
ivemadeupoff
ivemember
s.Howev
ert
he

Di
rect
orscl
ashedwi
tht
hel
egi
slat
ivecounci
l
s,whot
hensoughtdi
smi
sst
hem.

Thepol
i
tical
inst
abi
l
ityoft
heDi
rect
orypav
edt
hewayf
ort
her
iseofami
l
itar
ydi
ctat
or,

Napol
eonBonapar
te.

27.Howcoul
dabol
i
tionofsl
aver
ybecomepossi
blei
nFr
ance?Expl
ain.

Ans.Thr
oughoutt
heei
ght
eent
hcent
uryt
her
ewasl
i
ttl
ecr
it
ici
sm ofsl
aver
yinFr
ance.

Ther
ewer
elongdebat
esi
ntheNat
ional
Assembl
yaboutwhet
hert
her
ightofmanshoul
dbe

ext
endedt
oal
lFr
enchsubj
ect
sincl
udi
ngt
hosei
nthecol
oni
es.Butnowl
awwasmade

f
ear
ingopposi
ti
onf
rom busi
nesscommuni
ty.
I
twasf
inal
l
ytheconv
ent
ionswhi
chi
n1794l
egi
slat
ivet
ofr
eeal
lsl
avesi
ntheFr
ench

ov
erseaspossessi
ons.Butt
eny
ear
slat
er,
Napol
eonagai
nst
art
edsl
aver
y.

28.Expl
aint
hreet
eachi
ngofRousseauwhi
chl
aidt
hef
oundat
ionsofdemocr
acy
?

Ans.Heuphel
dthedoctri
neofpopularsov
erei
gnt
y.Hebel
i
evedt
hatgov
ernmentshoul
dbe
basedontheconsentoft
hegoverned.

Hest
atedt
hatpeopl
ear
ether
eal
sov
erei
gnsandki
ngsr
uleonl
ywi
tht
hei
rconsent
.

Hi
sfamousbookSoci
alCont
ractt
ell
susaboutacont
ractbet
weent
her
uler
sandt
her
uled

wher
ebyt
hef
ormerwoul
dguar
ant
eet
hef
reedom andhappi
ness.

29.Dr
awupal
i
stofanyt
hreeDemocr
ati
cRi
ght
sweenj
oyt
odaywhoseor
igi
nscoul
dbe

t
racedbackt
otheFr
enchRev
olut
ion.

Ans.Ri
ghtt
ospeechandExpr
essi
on

Ri
ghtt
oequal
i
ty-Equal
i
tybef
orel
aw

Ri
ghtt
oli
fe

Ri
ghtt
ovot
e
5mar
ksQuest
ions

1.Descr
ibet
hemai
nfeat
uresoft
heconst
it
uti
onof1791.Ment
ionanyf
ivepoi
nts.

Ans.Const
it
uti
onal
Monar
chy
:Thenewconst
it
uti
onmadeFr
anceaconst
it
uti
onal

Monar
chy
.

Nat
ional
Assembl
y:I
thad745member
sandwasi
ndi
rect
lyel
ect
edandcoul
dlegi
slat
e.

Ri
ghtt
oVot
e:Onl
ymenabov
etheageof25whopai
dtaxeshasequal
to3dayofal
abour
er’
s

wagewer
eact
iveci
ti
zensandcanv
ote.

Power
sofNat
ional
Assembl
y:Thi
sbodyhadt
heor
gans-l
egi
slat
ure,
Execut
iveandJudi
ciar
y.

TheDecl
arat
ionofRi
ght
sandManandCi
ti
zens:
TheConst
it
uti
onbeganwi
tht
hisdecl
arat
ion

andi
ncl
udedr
ight
sli
ker
ight
stol
i
fe,
freedom ofspeechandf
reedom ofopi
nion.

2.Wr
it
eashor
tnot
eont
heRei
gnofTer
rori
nFr
ance.Descr
ibeanyf
ivest
epst
akenby

hi
mtoconsol
i
dat
ehi
spoweri
nFr
ance.

Ans.Theper
iodf
rom 1793t
o1794i
sknownast
her
eignoft
err
or.Robespi
err
efol
l
oweda

pol
i
cyofsev
erecont
rol
andpuni
shment
.

Maxi
mum cei
l
ingonwagesandpr
ices.

Rat
ioni
ngofMeatandbr
ead.

Peasant
swer
emadet
hei
rgr
aint
otheci
ti
esandsel
li
tatf
ixedpr
ice.

Useofmor
eexpensi
vewhi
tef
lourwasf
orbi
dden.

Al
lwer
etoeatt
heequal
i
tybr
eadal
oafmadeofwhol
ewheat
.

Equal
i
tyi
nfor
msofspeechandaddr
ess.

Chur
cheswer
eshutdownandt
hei
rbui
l
dingswer
econv
ert
edi
ntobar
racksandof
fi
ces.

3.Whatchangespeopl
ewi
tnessedev
ery
dayl
i
feaf
tert
her
evol
uti
onof1789i
nFr
ance?

Ans.Af
tert
hest
ormi
ngoft
heBast
il
lei
n1789,
alawwaspassedaccor
dingt
owhi
ch

censor
shi
ponpr
esswasabol
i
shed.

TheConst
it
uti
onof1701beganwi
thaDecl
arat
ionoft
heRi
ght
sofmanandci
ti
zen.I
t
pr
ocl
aimedt
hatf
reedom ofspeechandopi
nionandequal
i
tybef
orel
awwer
enat
ural
right
s

ofeachhumanbei
ngbybi
rt
h.

Newspaper
s,pamphl
etsandpr
int
edpi
ctur
esappear
edst
eadi
l
yint
het
ownsofFr
ance.Fr
om

Fr
ancet
hispr
int
edmat
eri
alt
rav
ell
edi
ntocount
rysi
de.Thesepubl
i
cat
ionsdescr
ibedand

di
scussedt
heev
ent
sandchangest
aki
ngpl
acei
ncount
ry.

TheFr
eedom ofPr
essal
l
owedexpr
essi
onoft
heopposi
ngv
iewsofev
ent
s.Eachsi
decoul
d

nowt
ryt
oconv
inceot
her
sofi
tsst
andonanyev
entorpr
obl
em.

Muchusewasmadeofpl
ays,
songsandf
est
ivepr
ocessi
onswhi
chat
tract
edl
argenumberof

peopl
e.

4.Expl
aint
heachi
evement
sofNapol
eonBonapar
tei
nFr
ance.

Ans.Napol
eonBonapar
tewasami
l
itar
ydi
ctat
orofFr
ance.Af
tercr
owni
nghi
msel
fast
he

emper
orofFr
ancei
n1804,
hesawhi
srol
easamoder
nizerofEur
ope.

Hei
ntr
oducedal
awf
ort
hepr
otect
ionofpr
ivat
epr
oper
ty.

Hei
ntr
oducedauni
for
m sy
stem ofwei
ght
sandmeasur
es.

I
nit
ial
l
ymanysawNapol
eonasal
i
ber
atorwhowoul
dbr
ingf
reedom f
ort
hepeopl
e.

Manyofhi
smeasur
escar
ri
edt
her
evol
uti
onar
yideasofl
i
ber
tyandmoder
nlawst
oot
her

par
tsofEur
ope.

Theyl
eftal
ongl
ast
ingi
mpactont
hel
i
vesofpeopl
ether
e.

5.Expl
aint
ri
angul
arsl
avet
radecar
ri
edondur
ing18t
hand19t
hcent
ury
.

Ans.Ther
eoccur
redashor
tageofl
abouront
hepl
ant
ati
onsi
ntheCar
ibbeanwhen

Eur
opeanr
efusedt
ogoandwor
kint
hedi
stantl
and.

Thi
spr
obl
em wassol
vedbyat
ri
angul
arsl
avet
radebet
weenEur
ope,
Afr
icaandt
he

Amer
ica.

Fr
enchmer
chant
ssai
l
edf
rom t
hepor
tsofBor
deauxorNant
est
otheAf
ri
cancoast
.Ther
e

t
heyboughtsl
avesf
rom l
ocal
chi
eft
ains.
Thesl
aveswer
ebr
andedandshackl
ed.Theywer
ethenpackedt
ight
lyi
ntoshi
pswhi
ch

car
ri
edt
hem t
otheCar
ibbean.Ther
etheywer
esol
dtopl
ant
ati
onowner
s.

Theexpl
oit
ati
onofsl
avel
abour
,thusmett
hegr
owi
ngdemandi
nEur
opeanmar
ket
sfor

sugar
,cof
feeandi
ndi
go.

6.Descr
ibet
hel
egacyoft
heFr
enchRev
olut
ionf
ort
hepeopl
eoft
hewor
ld.

Ans.The1791const
it
uti
onbeganwi
thadecl
arat
ionoft
her
ight
sofmenandci
ti
zen.

Ri
ght
ssuchast
her
ightt
oli
fe,
freedom ofspeech,
freedom ofopi
nion,
etcwer
econsi
der
edas

basi
cornat
ural
andi
nal
i
enabl
eri
ght
swhi
chcoul
dnotbet
aken

Ti
puSul
tanandRammohanRoy
,Indi
ani
ndi
vi
dual
srespondedt
othei
deasofl
i
ber
tyand

equal
i
tycomi
ngf
rom r
evol
uti
onar
yFr
ance.

Thenewr
evol
uti
onar
yideasspr
eadt
oFr
anceoccupi
edar
easi
nEur
opeandabr
oad.

Peopl
einsuchar
eas,
begandr
eami
ngofsov
erei
gnnat
ionst
ates.

Col
oni
zedpeopl
einAf
ri
ca,
Asi
aandLat
inAmer
icar
ewor
kedt
hei
deaoff
reedom f
rom

bondagei
ntot
hei
rmov
ement
stocr
eat
esov
erei
gnnewst
ates.

7.Whi
chwast
hei
mpor
tantl
awt
hatcamei
ntoef
fectsoonaf
tert
hest
ormi
ngofBast
il
le

i
nthesummerof1789?Howdi
ditchanget
hel
i
vesoft
hecommonpeopl
e?Expl
ain.

Ans.Abol
i
tionofcensor
shi
pwast
hei
mpor
tantl
awt
hatcamei
ntoef
fectsoonaf
terst
ormi
ng

ofBast
il
lei
nJul
y1789.

Newspaper
,pamphl
ets,
booksandpr
int
edpi
ctur
esf
loodedt
het
ownsoff
rancef
rom wher
eit

r
eachedt
ocount
rysi
de.

Theyal
ldi
scussedev
ent
sandchangest
aki
ngpl
acei
nFr
ance.

Fr
eedom oft
hepr
essal
someantt
hatopposi
ngv
iewsofev
ent
scoul
dbeexpr
essed.

Pl
ays,
songsandf
est
ivepr
ocessi
onsat
tract
edcommonpeopl
ethr
oughwhi
cht
heycoul
d

i
dent
if
ywi
thi
deassuchasl
i
ber
tyorj
ust
ice.

8.St
ateanyf
ivecausesoft
heempt
ytr
easur
yofFr
anceunderLoui
sXVI
.
Ans.Longy
ear
sofwarhaddr
ainedt
hef
inanci
alr
esour
cesofFr
ance.Addedt
othi
swast
he

costofmai
ntai
ninganext
rav
agantcour
tatt
hei
mmensepal
aceofVer
sai
l
les.

UnderLoui
sXVI
,Fr
ancehel
pedt
het
hir
teencol
oni
est
ogai
nthei
rindependencef
rom t
he

commonenemy
,Br
it
ain.

Thewaraddedmor
ethanabi
l
li
onl
i
vrest
oadebtt
hathadal
readyr
isent
omor
ethan2

bi
l
li
onl
i
vres.

Lender
s,whogav
ethest
atecr
edi
t,nowbegant
ochar
ge10per
centi
nter
estonl
oans.

Tomeeti
tsr
egul
arexpenses,
suchast
hecostofmai
ntai
ninganar
my,
thecour
t,r
unni
ng

gov
ernmentof
fi
cesoruni
ver
sit
ies.

9.Howwaschur
chr
esponsi
blef
ort
heFr
enchr
evol
uti
on?

Ans.About60%oft
hel
andwasownedbynobl
es,
thechur
chandot
herr
ichermember
sof

t
het
hir
dest
ate.

Thechur
chenj
oyedacer
tai
npr
ivi
l
eget
hatwast
heywer
eexempt
edf
rom pay
ingt
axest
o

t
hest
ate.

Thechur
cht
ooext
ract
edi
tsshar
eoft
axescal
l
edt
it
hesf
rom t
hepeasant
s,andf
inal
l
y,al
l

member
soft
het
hir
dest
atehadt
opayt
axest
othest
ate.

Thesei
ncl
udeadi
rectt
axcal
l
edt
ail
l
e,andanumberi
findi
rectt
axeswhi
chl
evi
edonar
ti
cle

ofev
ery
dayconsumpt
ionl
i
kesal
tort
obacco.

Thebur
denoff
inanci
ngact
ivi
ti
esoft
hest
atet
hrought
axeswasbor
nebyt
het
hir
dest
ate

al
one.

10.Expl
aint
her
oleofphi
l
osopher
sint
heFr
enchRev
olut
ionf1789.

Ans.I
nTwot
reat
iesofGov
ernment
,Lockesoughtt
oref
utet
hedoct
ri
neoft
hedi
vi
neand

absol
uter
ightoft
hemonar
ch.

Rousseaucar
ri
edt
hei
deaf
orwar
d,pr
oposi
ngaf
orm ofgov
ernmentbasedonasoci
al

cont
ractbet
weenpeopl
eandt
hei
rrepr
esent
ati
ves.
I
ntheSpi
ri
toft
hel
awsMont
esqui
eupr
oposedadi
vi
sionofpowerwi
thi
nthegov
ernment

bet
weent
hel
egi
slat
ive,
theexecut
iveandt
hej
udi
ciar
y.

Thei
deasoft
hesephi
l
osopher
swer
edi
scussedi
ntensel
yinsal
onsandcof
fee-
housesand

spr
eadamongpeopl
ethr
oughbooksandnewspaper
.

Pat
ri
oti
csongMar
sei
l
lai
secomposedbypoetRogetdeL’
I
sle.I
twassungf
ort
hef
ir
stt
imeby

v
olunt
eer
sfr
om Mar
sei
l
lesast
heymar
chedi
ntoPar
isandsogoti
tsname.TheMar
sei
l
lesi
s

nowt
henat
ional
ant
hem ofFr
ance