Scribd
Upload
20 views22 pages

8_time, random, datetime

The document provides an introduction to the time, random, and datetime modules in Python, detailing their functionalities and key functions. It explains how the time module handles time-related tasks, the random module generates pseudo-random numbers, and the datetime module manages date and time operations. Each module is accompanied by example code snippets to illustrate their usage.

Uploaded by

Arif Ahmad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
20 views22 pages

8_time, random, datetime

The document provides an introduction to the time, random, and datetime modules in Python, detailing their functionalities and key functions. It explains how the time module handles time-related tasks, the random module generates pseudo-random numbers, and the datetime module manages date and time operations. Each module is accompanied by example code snippets to illustrate their usage.

Uploaded by

Arif Ahmad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

Introduction to time, random,

datetime in Python
Learning objective
• What is a time module?
• Functions provided by time module
• Random module
• Functions provided by random module
• Datetime module
• Functions provided by datetime module
time module
• In Python, the time, random, and datetime (for date) modules are
part of the standard library and provide functionalities related to
time, random numbers, and date/time operations, respectively.

• The time module provides functions that deal with time-related


tasks.
• It allows you to work with time values, sleep or pause the
execution of your program, and convert between different
representations of time.
time module
time() Function: Returns the current time in seconds since epoch /
era (January 1, 1970).

import time
current_time = time.time()
print(current_time)

Unix timestamp, a float representing the precise number of


seconds since the epoch.
time() benefits
This is useful for measuring time duration (e.g., to time how long a
process takes), Logging timestamps, Handling time-based calculations.

import time
start_time = time.time() # Record start time
# Some code that you want to time

end_time = time.time() # Record end time


print("Elapsed time:", end_time - start_time, "seconds")
time module
Ctime() function: Converts a time in seconds since the epoch to a
string representing the local time.
Example:

import time
current_time = time.time()
local_time_string = time.ctime(current_time)
print(local_time_string)
time module
• sleep() Function:
• Suspends the execution of the current thread for a specified
number of seconds.

import time
print("This is printed immediately.")
time.sleep(5)
print("This is printed after 5 seconds.")
time module
• gmtime() and localtime() Functions
• Convert a time in seconds since the epoch to a struct_time in UTC or
local time.

import time
current_time = time.time()
utc_time = time.gmtime(current_time)
local_time = time.localtime(current_time)
print("UTC Time:", utc_time)
print("Local Time:", local_time)
time module
• Format a struct_time or time in seconds since the epoch as a
string.

import time
current_time = time.time()
formatted_time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
time.localtime(current_time))
print("Formatted Time:", formatted_time)
time module
• These are just a few examples of the functionalities provided by
the time module.

• It's a versatile module that can be useful in various scenarios,


especially when dealing with time-related operations in your
Python programs.
random module
• The random module in Python provides functions for generating pseudo-
random numbers.

• These functions are useful in a variety of applications, such as


simulations, games, and statistical sampling.

random() Function: Returns a random floating-point number in the range


[0.0, 1.0].

import random
random_number = random.random()
print(random_number)
random module
• randint(a, b) Function:
• Returns a random integer in the range [a, b](inclusive).

import random
random_integer = random.randint(1, 10)
print(random_integer)
random module
• choice(seq) Function:
• Returns a random element from the given sequence (list, tuple, or
string).

import random
fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']
random_fruit = random.choice(fruits)
print(random_fruit)
random module
• shuffle(seq) Function:
• Randomly shuffles the elements of the given sequence in place.

import random
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
random.shuffle(numbers)
print(numbers)
random module
• sample(population, k) Function:
• Returns a k-length list of unique elements chosen randomly from
the given population.

import random
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
random_samples = random.sample(numbers, 3)
print(random_samples)
random module
• uniform(a, b) Function:
• Returns a random floating-point number in the range (a, b).
• These functions can be useful when you need to introduce
randomness into your programs or simulate scenarios where
unpredictable values are needed.
• It's important to note that the numbers generated by these
functions are pseudorandom, meaning they are generated by
algorithms and not truly random.

import random
random_float = random.uniform(1.0, 2.0)
print(random_float)
datetime module
• In Python, the date module is part of the datetime module, which
provides classes for working with dates and times.

• The date class specifically represents dates (year, month, and


day) and allows various operations related to dates.

• Here are some key aspects of the date module:


datetime module
• Importing the Module:
• To use the date module, you need to import the datetime module,
as it is part of it.
from datetime import date

• Creating Date Objects:


• You can create a date object representing a specific date using the
date class constructor. The syntax is as follows:
my_date = date(year, month, day)
datetime module
from datetime import date
# Creating a date object for December 25, 2022
christmas = date(2022, 12, 25)
print(christmas)

• Current Date:
• You can obtain the current date using the today() method.
from datetime import date
current_date = date.today()
print(current_date)
date attributes
Date Attributes:
Once you have a date object, you can access its attributes
such as year, month, and day

from datetime import date


christmas = date(2022, 12, 25)
print(christmas.year)
print(christmas.month)
print(christmas.day)
date Operations
• You can perform various operations on date objects, such as finding the difference
between two dates.

from datetime import datetime


date1 = datetime(2024, 10, 28)
date2 = datetime(2024, 11, 7)
# Calculate difference
difference = date2 - date1
print("Difference:", difference)
# Access the number of days in the difference
print("Days between dates:", difference.days)

• These are some basic functionalities provided by the datetime module for working
with dates in Python.
You must have learnt:
• What is a time module?
• Functions provided by time module
• Random module
• Functions provided by random module
• Datetime module
• Functions provided by datetime module

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy