terraform

file
providers, resources
compo variables

nents

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Terraform file has different
terraform components to
init
define infrastructure for different purposes

After creating files, Terraform commands:

init: downloads the required executable
apps dependent on providers.
plan: dry-run for the infrastructure, not
actually running/provisioning the infra
apply: runs/provisions the infrastructure
destroy: deletes the infrastructure

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 Providers

Terraform downloads required

executable files from
own cloud to run
Infrastructure as Code (IaC)
for the
corresponding providers

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 Providers

for AWS
providers.tf

terraform {
required_providers {
aws = {
source = "hashicorp/aws" # <= AWS library
version = "~> 5.82.2" # <= AWS version
}
}
}
provider “aws” {
region = "us-east-1"
}

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 Providers

for Azure
providers.tf

terraform {
required_providers {
azurerm = {
source = "hashicorp/azurerm" # <= Azure library
version = "= 4.14.0" # <= version
}
}
}
provider “azurerm” {
features { }
}

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 Providers

Google Cloud (GCP)

providers.tf
terraform {
required_providers {
google = {
source = "hashicorp/google" # <= GCP library
version = "6.14.1" # <= version
}
}
}
provider “google” {
project = "my-project-id"
region = "us-central1"
}

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 Resources

Resources are used to define for

different cloud components and objects
like EC2 instances, VPC, Route Table,
Subnets,
Lambda, API Gateway,
S3 Buckets, etc.

Resources are defined according to

cloud provider design and attributes.

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 Resources

for AWS
resources.tf

resource "aws_vpc" "my_vpc" { # <= resource | type | variable

cidr_block = "172.16.0.0/16" # <= awc_vpc attributes; cidr
tags = { # <= attributes; tag
Name = "tf-example"
}
}
resource "aws_subnet" "my_subnet" {
vpc_id = aws_vpc.my_vpc.id # <= values
cidr_block = "172.16.0.0/16"
availability_zone = "us-east-2a"
}

https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/aws/latest/docs/resources/instance

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 Resources

for Azure
resources.tf

resource "azurerm_resource_group" "example" {

name = "example-resources" # <= attributes are different
location = "West Europe" # for each Cloud, and resource
}
resource "azurerm_virtual_network" "example" {
name = "example-network"
resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.example.name
location = azurerm_resource_group.example.location
address_space = ["10.0.0.0/16"]
}

https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/azurerm/latest/docs

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 Resources

for Google Cloud

resources.tf

resource "google_compute_subnetwork" "network-with-private-

secondary-ip-ranges" {
name = "test-subnetwork"
ip_cidr_range = "10.2.0.0/16"
region = "us-central1"
network = google_compute_network.custom-test.id
secondary_ip_range {
range_name = "tf-test-secondary-range-update1"
ip_cidr_range = "192.168.10.0/24"
}
}

https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/google/latest/docs

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 Variables
(string)

Variables help to avoid hard coding on the

infrastructure code
variables.tfvars

variable "instance_type" {
type = string # <= type string
description = "EC2 Instance Type"
}
output "instance_type_output" {
value = var.instance_type
}

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 Variables
(number)

variables.tfvars

variable "instance_count" {
type = number # <= type number
default = 3
}
output "instance_count_output" {
value = var.instance_count
}

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 Variables
(bool)

variables.tfvars

variable "enable_instance" {
type = bool
default = true
}
output "enable_instance_output" {
value = var.enable_instance
}

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 Variables
(list)

variables.tfvars

variable "availability_zones" {
type = list(string)
default = ["us-east-1a", "us-east-1b", "us-east-1c" ]
}
output "availability_zones_output" {
value = var.availability_zones
}

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 Variables
(tuple)

variables.tfvars

variable "instance_config" {
type = tuple([string, string])
default = ["t2.micro", "ami-0c55b159cbfafe1f0" ]
}
output "instance_config_output" {
value = var.instance_config
}

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 Variables
(map)

variables.tfvars
variable "instance_config" {
type = map(string)
default = {
instance_type = "t2.micro"
ami_id = "ami-0c55b159cbfafe1f0"
}
}
resource "aws_instance" "example" {
ami = var.instance_config["ami_id"]
instance_type = var.instance_config["instance_type"]
}

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 Variables

In real use-case scenario,

variables are stored in one file, then while
running command, variables.tf is used as
input file

user@terraform:$ terraform plan --var-file="variables.tfvars"

user@terraform:$ terraform apply --var-file="variables.tfvars"

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