ICT WEB PAGES , URL & WEB SERVER

A
Project Report
On
WEB PAGES , URL & WEB SERVER
Submitted by

Mr. /Mrs. :- Mr. Sarvesh Lokhande , Mr.Om Korde , Miss.Snehal Mahakale ,

Mr.Prasad konde , Mr. Krish Lahudkar
Roll No. 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74

Under the Guidance of

Prof. A. S. Ghatol / Prof . A. S. Bal / Prof. T. R. Bohra

Project report submitted in partial fulfillmentof

The requirements for the Under graduate degree of

(Mechanical Engineering)
Of
MSBTE
(Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education)

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Government Polytechnic Khamgaon
Dist-Buldhana-444303(Maharashtra)

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WEB PAGES , URL & WEB SERVER

 WEB PAGES

A webpage is a digital document that is linked to the World Wide Web and viewable by anyone
connected to the internet having a web browser. It can contain any type of information, such
as text, color, graphics, animations, videos, sounds, etc.

A webpage is a document that is written in the HTML, it can be viewed from the Internet. It
can be accessed by entering the URL on the address bar of the web browser.

Fig. no.1 . web page logo

 Types Of Webpage

Website
classfication

Style Function

Commerical Goverment Non- Profit

Static Website Dynamic website Personal website
Website Website oragantion
Website

Fig. no.2 . web page classfication

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• Style Website :-

A static website is delivered to a user exactly the way it's stored. That means that nothing on
the page will change by the user or even the site administrator unless there's a redesign of the
site, or the site administrator goes directly into the code to change it.

• Dynamic website :-

Dynamic Website is a website containing data that can be mutable or changeable. It uses
client-side or server scripting to generate mutable content. Like a static website, it also
contains HTML data .Dynamic websites are those websites that changes the content or
layout with every request to the webserver. These websites have the capability of producing
different content for different visitors from the same source code file. There are two kinds
of dynamic web pages i.e. client side scripting and server side scripting. The client-side
web pages changes according to your activity on the web page. On the server-side, web
pages are changed whenever a web page is loaded.

• Personal website

Personal web pages are World Wide Web pages created by an individual to contain content
of a personal nature rather than content pertaining to a company, organization or institution.
Personal web pages are primarily used for informative or entertainment purposes but can
also be used for personal career marketing (by containing a list of the individual's skills,
experience and a CV, social networking with other people with shared interests, or as a
space for personal expression.

• Commerical Website

Commercial websites are the online presence of businesses with the clear objective of promoting
products and enhancing visitor awareness. Their primary goal is to boost sales for the associated
brand, and this objective is reflected in both their content and design. Consider Apple's official
website as an example.

• Non- Profit oragantion Website

Planning a website for a brand-new nonprofit or starting a nonprofit website redesign can
be overwhelming. In this guide, we draw on a decade of experience managing website

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projects for nonprofit organizations to offer 20 essential elements every nonprofit web
design project should include.

Interface Of WEB PAGE (ex:- MSBTE Web page )

Fig. no.3 . web page Interface

• Benefits of Website

 Online Presence 24/7.  Market Expansion.

 Information Exchange.  Consumer Insights.
 Credibility.  Advertising.
 It Cuts Costs.
 Competitors Online.

The World’s First Web Site

August 6, 1991, without fanfare, British computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee published the first-ever
website while working at CERN, the huge particle physics lab in Switzerland.

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URL
URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator. A URL is nothing more than the address of a
given unique resource on the Web. In theory, each valid URL points to a unique resource. Such
resources can be an HTML page, a CSS document, an image, etc.

Types of URL

URL

Absolute URL Relative URL

Fig. no.4 . Types of URL

1} ABSOLUTE URL
This type of URL contains both the domain name and directory/page path. An absolute URL
gives complete location information. It begins with a protocol like “http://” and continues,
including every detail. An absolute URL typically comes with the following syntax.

For web browsing, absolute URL’s are types in the address bar of a web browser. For example,
if it is related to our project page link of geeksforgeeks website, the URL should be mentioned
as https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/computer-science-projects/ this gives the complete
information about the file location path. (Note: The protocol may be of following types. )

http://, https://, ftp://, gopher://, etc.

2} Relative URL
This type of URL contains the path excluding the domain name. Relative means “in relation
to”, and a relative URL tells a URL location on terms of the current location. Relative path is
used for reference to a given link of a file that exist within the same domain.

Let us assume a web developer setting up a webpage and want to link an image called
“geeksforgeeks.jpg”.

<img src="geeksforgeeks.jpg">

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It would internally be interpreted like the following.

<img src="./geeksforgeeks.jpg">

The dot(.) before the “/” in the src attribute is a “special character”. It means the location
should be started from the current directory to find the file location.

ABSOLUTE URL VS Relative URL

ABSOLUTE URL Relative URL

Its point in specific location in the file system Its point to be a directory using current
irrepestive of the current working directory directory as a references

Its also referred to as pull path or file path Its also referred to as non-absoulte path
Its refer to the location of a file or directory Its refer to the location to a file or directory
realitve to the root dictorany in Linux realitve to the current directory

Absolute URL are used to link to the other Relative URL are used to link to other website
website that are not located on the same domain that are located on the same domain

For example if your pictures are in For example if your pictures are in
C:\sample\picturesand the index in C: C:\sample\picturesand the index in C:
\sample\Index, then the absolute path for \sample\Index, the relative path is “..\Pictures”.
pictures is C:\sample\pictures

Fig. no.5 . Absolute vs Relative URL

URL INVENTION

Uniform Resource Locators were defined in RFC 1738 in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee, the
inventor of the World Wide Web, and the URI working group of the Internet Engineering Task
Force (IETF), as an outcome of collaboration started at the IETF Living Documents birds of a
feather session in 1992.

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Tim Berners-Lee Information :-

Full Name :- Timothy John Berners-Lee

Born :- 8 June 1955 , In at London, England

Other name :- TimBL , TBL

Education :- The Queen's College, Oxford (BA)

Awards :- Fig. no.6 . Tim Berners-Lee

1) Turing Award (2016)
2) Queen Elizabeth Prize (2013)
3) Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Sciences (2009)
4) Order of Merit (2007)
5) ACM Software System Award (1995

How to Write URL ?

1. Follow a good URL structure. URL hierarchy is essential to figure out before you start building
your website. ...
2. Use HTTPS protocol.
3. Hide the www prefix.
4. Edit the page URL to be relevant. ...
5. Keep it short and simple. ...
6. Use meaningful keywords. ...
7. Use hyphens to separate words. ...
8. Eliminate stop words

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WEB SERVER

A web server is software and hardware that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and other
protocols to respond to client requests made over the World Wide Web. The main job of a web
server is to display website content through storing, processing and delivering webpages to

users.

How do web servers work?

Web server software is accessed through the domain names of websites and ensures the
delivery of the site's content to the requesting user. The software side is also comprised of
several components, with at least an HTTP server. The HTTP server is able to understand
HTTP and URLs. As hardware, a web server is a computer that stores web server software and
other files related to a website, such as HTML documents, images and JavaScript files.

When a web browser, like Google Chrome or Firefox, needs a file that's hosted on a web server,
the browser will request the file by HTTP. When the request is received by the web server, the
HTTP server will accept the request, find the content and send it back to the browser through
HTTP.

More specifically, when a browser requests a page from a web server, the process will follow
a series of steps. First, a person will specify a URL in a web browser's address bar. The web
browser will then obtain the IP address of the domain name -- either translating the URL
through DNS (Domain Name System) or by searching in its cache. This will bring the browser
to a web server. The browser will then request the specific file from the web server by an HTTP
request. The web server will respond, sending the browser the requested page, again, through
HTTP. If the requested page does not exist or if something goes wrong, the web server will
respond with an error message. The browser will then be able to display the webpage. t's a
computer machine with a role installed for web service. Webservers hold the website
components such as HTML pages, images, CSS stylesheets, JS (javascript) files, etc.

When an end-user searches a website on the web-browser, it connects the webserver through
the internet using DNS. After receiving the request, the webserver will deliver the webpage to
the web browser. It's called the HTTP response. If the page is not there, it will give an error
404 Page not found.

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Nowadays, people use the HTTPS protocol for end-to-end encryption of their data. It is a must
to have an SSL Certificate installed on your website to use the HTTPS protocol. Looking for
SSL Certificate

Common and top web server software on the market

There are a number of common web servers available, some including:

 Apache HTTP Server. Developed by Apache Software Foundation, it is a free and open
source web server for Windows, Mac OS X, Unix, Linux, Solaris and other operating
systems; it needs the Apache license.

 Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS). Developed by Microsoft for Microsoft

platforms; it is not open sourced, but widely used.

 Nginx. A popular open source web server for administrators because of its light resource
utilization and scalability. It can handle many concurrent sessions due to its event-driven
architecture. Nginx also can be used as a proxy server and load balancer.

 Lighttpd. A free web server that comes with the FreeBSD operating system. It is seen as
fast and secure, while consuming less CPU power.

 Sun Java System Web Server. A free web server from Sun Microsystems that can run on
Windows, Linux and Unix. It is well-equipped to handle medium to large websites.

Examples of web server uses

Web servers often come as part of a larger package of internet- and intranet-related programs
that are used for:

sending and receiving emails;

downloading requests for File Transfer Protocol (FTP) files; and

building and publishing webpages.

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Dynamic vs. static web servers

A web server can be used to serve either static or dynamic content. Static refers to the content
being shown as is, while dynamic content can be updated and changed. A static web server will
consist of a computer and HTTP software. It is considered static because the sever will send
hosted files as is to a browser.

Dynamic web browsers will consist of a web server and other software such as an
application server and database. It is considered dynamic because the application server can be
used to update any hosted files before they are sent to a browser. The web server can generate
content when it is requested from the database. Though this process is more flexible, it is also
more complicated.

Fig. no.7 . Types of web Server

Which is No 1 web server?

1st Nginx
2nd OpenResty
3rd Apacheh
4th Apache HTTP Server

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Fig. no.8 . web Server

By the end of 1990, Tim Berners-Lee had the first Web server and browser up and running at
CERN, demonstrating his ideas. He developed the code for his Web server on a NeXT
computer.

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