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A r3.1 Strong - Weak Acids - Bases Questions

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A r3.1 Strong - Weak Acids - Bases Questions

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mariaar281106
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R3.

1 Answers to Strong & weak acids & bases questions

1. i. Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid and so is completely dissociated into its ions. Ethanoic acid is a
weak acid so is only slightly dissociated with fewer ions in solution to conduct electricity.

ii. Both acids have the same amount (in mol) of acid so once hydrogen ions from ethanoic acid are
neutralised more of the acid dissociates to restore equilibrium until all have reacted.

2. i. NH3(aq) + H2O(l) ⇄ NH4+(aq) + OH–(aq)

ii. Kc = [NH4+(aq)] x [OH–(aq)] (or at HL it can be expressed in terms of Kb, Kb = [NH4+(aq)] x [OH–(aq)] )
[NH3(aq)] [NH3(aq)]

(Note that [H2O(l)] does not appear in the expression. This is because when reactions take place in
aqueous solution the concentration of water remains constant.)

iii. Ammonia would be a poorer conductor as there are less ions present as it is a weak base and only
slightly dissociated into its ions whereas sodium hydroxide being a strong base is completely
dissociated into its ions.

3. Ethanol, the conjugate acid of the ethoxide ion, will be less dissociated than water as it will be a
weaker acid than water (the conjugate acid of the hydroxide ion) so the equilibrium constant will be
smaller. This is because the ethoxide ion is a stronger base than the hydroxide ion so will have the
weaker conjugate acid.

4. Sulfuric acid a strong monoprotic acid as it is almost completely dissociated to form the HSO4– ion and
H+ but not a strong diprotic acid as HSO4– behaves as a weak acid when it forms the SO42– ion.

5. i. “Concentrated” means a considerable amount (in mol) of acid dissolved in one litre (1 dm3) of
aqueous solution, “corrosive” means it is very chemically reactive and “strong” means the acid is
completely dissociated in aqueous solution.
ii. “Dilute” means a small amount (in mol) of alkali dissolved in one litre (1 dm3) of aqueous solution,
and “weak” means the alkali is only slightly dissociated in aqueous solution.
iii. Although there will be less of the strong acid dissolved in a dilute solution there may be more ions
present than in the concentrated solution of the weak acid as the strong acid is completely
dissociated into its ions and hence it will be a better conductor.

© Dr. Geoffrey Neuss, InThinking


https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry 1

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