Dance or Dancing.…..

►First archeological proof of dance comes

► is a form of art made by purposefully from the 9 thousand-year-old cave paintings
recreating selected sequences of human in India
motion, which can be imbued with the ►5300-year-old cave paintings in Egypt
values of aesthetics and symbolism ► Ancient Egyptian (3000 BC) used
acknowledged by performers and observers dancing both for entertainment and religious
from within the particular culture. activities.
Dance or dancing... ►In Ancient Greece, dance was used very
► can be performed to serve several regular and openly to public (which
functions: eventually brought the birth of the famous
► Social Greek theatre in 6th century BC).
► Competitive ►Ancient Greeks and Romans annually
► Ceremonial celebrated their wine gods Dionysus and
► Martial Bacchus with several days long festivities
► Erotic filled with alcohol, song , and dance.

Has two (2) distinct forms: Elements of Dance

Body, Action, Space, Time, Energy
THEATRICAL DANCE in which dancers
perform for an audience. Body...
► Theatrical dance is known for having ► is the mobile figure or shape, felt by the
more elaborate choreography, planning, dancer, seen by others. The body is
costume, scenery and other elements that sometimes relatively still and sometimes
make the entire production feel more changing as the dancer moves in place or
professional. travels through the dance area.

SOCIAL DANCE or PARTICIPATORY Action...

DANCE - where dancing in a group is ► is any human movement included in the
encouraged by anyone. act of dancing— it can include dance steps,
► Participatory dances are most commonly facial movements, partner lifts, gestures,
performed at weddings, social gatherings, and even everyday movements such as
and festivals. They can be enjoyed with folk walking
music alone or in groups (pairs, lines,
chains, or other forms). Space...
► It is where the dancers interact. They
History and Origin... may stay in one place or they may travel
► It closely follows the development of from one place to another. They may alter
human race. the direction, level, size, and pathways of
► Since the earliest times of human their movements.
existence, dance served as an irreplaceable
way of expressing human thought and Time...
emotion. ► The keyword for the element of time is
When? Human movement is naturally
rhythmic in the broad sense that we
alternate activity and rest. Breath and ► Found in cultures who value cooperation
waves are examples of rhythms in nature over competitiveness.
that repeat, but not as consistently as in a ► Can be performed for self-expression
metered rhythm. and transmitting culture to the next
Timing relationships... generation.
► simultaneous or sequential timing;
► brief to long duration; RITUAL DANCE...
► fast to slow speed; ► Dances that are usually called "religious
► accents in predictable or unpredictable dances" because of their purpose.
intervals. ► A major category or classification of
Other ways to organize time in dancing... dance forms or dance styles, where the
► Clock time: The dance is based on units purpose is ceremonial or ritualistic. It is
of seconds, minutes, and/or hours. related to and overlaps with sacred dance
► Sensed time: Dancers pick up on each and ecstatic dance.
other's timing such as gradually increasing ► Types of Ritual or religious Dances:
from a walking tempo to a running tempo by ► Dances of Imitation
cueing off each other rather than a music ► Medicine dances
score. ► Commemorative dances
► Event-sequence: An internal or external ► Dances for spiritual connection
event signals a change such as repeating a
traveling phrase over and over until SOCIAL DANCE...
everyone arrives at a corner of the stage. ► A category of dances that have a social
function and context. Social dances are
Energy... intended for participation rather than
► Energy is about how the movement performance and can be led and followed
happens. Choices about energy include with relative ease.
variations in movement flow and the use of ► Focuses more on socializing and
force, tension, and weight. An arm gesture interacting in a function or gathering.
might be free flowing or easily stopped, and ► Also called ballroom dances.
it may be powerful or gentle, tight or loose,
heavy or light. MODERN DANCE...
► A highly expressive style of dance that
Types of Dances... challenges the structured dance technique
► Communal of classical ballet.
► Ritual ► It was developed in the 20th century as a
► Social challenge to the rigorously structured world
► Modern of ballet.
► It is interested in the communication of
COMMUNAL DANCE... emotional experiences.
► Gathering together as a group
orcommunity to dance together and get a
sense of identity and belonging to a locality HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT
or cultural group. •Philippine dance has a long and rich
history.
•During the early times, Philippine Dances • These dances illustrate the fiesta spirit and
were based on myths, traditions, and daily love of life. • Best known type of Filipino
lives of common people. dance.
•Dances in the Philippines are performed as Dance Attire:
a way to story tell, celebrate, and • For ladies: colorful balintawak and
commemorate. patadyong skirts.
• For gentlemen: camisa de chino and
CLASSIFICATION OF PHILIPPINE FOLK colored trousers.
DANCE • Example: Binasuan, Tinikling
• Most provinces in the Philippines have
their own identifying folk dance to showcase MUSLIM DANCE
the elegance and beauty of the way they do • Origin: Southern Mindanao
things, the way they dress, and the way • These dances are characterized by vivid
they see things. colors and rhythmic movements which
5 Five types of folk dances in the reflect the influence of Arabian movements
Philippines and Indo-Malaysian cultures. • Example
• Maria Clara Dance Singkil, Vinta
• Cordillera Dance
• Rural Dance
• Muslim Dance TRIBAL DANCE
• Tribal Dance • Origin: Mindanao
These are dances that are performed “for
MARIA CLARA DANCE the Gods”.
• Origin: Luzon and Visayas • Mostly ceremonial and ritual type of
• Named after the chief female character of dances.
Jose Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere. • Example: Udol, Mandaya
• It was Spanish influenced “Filipinized” by
the use of bamboo castanets and abanico. WELL KNOWN/ COMMON FOLK
• Example: La Jota, Paseo de Iloilo DANCES IN THE PHILIPPINE
• Due to the numerous islands, ethnicity,
CORDILLERA DANCE tribes and groups in the Philippines,
• Origin: Northen Luzon different folk dances were used and
• It is a dance to celebrate victories, performed to celebrate, honor gods, and
festivals, religious rituals, many other reasons.
thanksgiving, etc. • Some of the known and common folk
• Musical instruments are widely used in this dances in the Philippines are
type of dance which include nose flute, • Tinikling
bamboo guitar, drums, gongs, and wooden • Jota Cavitena
sticks. • Maglalatik
• Example: Uya-uy, Banga Dance • Subli
• Pandanggo sa Ilaw
RURAL DANCE • Sayaw ed Tapew na Bangko
• Origin: Luzon
TINIKLING SAYAW ED TAPEW NA BANGKO
• The National Dance of the Philippines • It is a folk dance that has become popular
• Literally means the “Bamboo Dance” in the rural areas in the
• It is a dance which originated from the Philippines.
Province of Leyte. • It is a dance which originated in Lingayen,
• The basic movements of this dance is Pangasinan.
imitating the moves of a “Tikling bird” – a • It is being performed by a couple on a
bird with long legs and a long neck. narrow bench through inching and hopping
from one end to another.
JOTA CAVITENA
• It is among the popular versions of the
Spanish Jota. ———————-
• It is a dance which originated from
Ternate, Cavite.
• The dance is characterized by brisk and Pre-Historic Art
snobbish posture of the male dancers and -artifacts made before there were written
the flowing elegance of lady dancers. records.

MAGLALATIK Ancient Egyptian Art

• Also known as “Manlalatik” or “Magbabao.” - it is closely related to the people's belief in
• It is a dance which originated from Binan, the afterlife.
Laguna.
• It is a dance which pays tribute to the Ancient Egyptian Painting
patron saint San Isidro Labrador. 1. Frontality - Figures face straight ahead
with just one eye visible, both shoulders
SUBLI front facing.
• It is presented during a feast, as 2. Axiality - Items are placed on an axis,
ceremonial worship dance in honor to the size determines their importance.
the Holy Cross. 3. Proportion - The depiction of human
• It is a dance which originated from fighures are similar in appearance and form.
Batangas.
• It is also a play and is a long sequence of Classical Art
prayers in verse, songs and dances.
Ancient Greek Art
PANDANGGO SA ILAW -calls to mind the Parthenon or the Greek
• It is a folk dance that has become popular tragedies.
in the rural areas in the
Philippines. Ancient Roman Art
• It is a dance which originated in Lubang -their sculptures were generally copied from
Island, Mindoro. • It evolved from a fun Greek statues
Spanish Dance “Fandango.”
Early Christian and Byzantine Art
- Art that revolves around the time of the
Roman Emperor Constantine, making
Christianity the official religion. He moved School of Athens
the capital city from Rome to Byzantium.
Baroque Art
Byzantine Empire - Characterized by exaggerated motion and
-Early churches were called basilicas made clear detail used to produce drama. It
of concrete, brick or stone due to the makes use of chiaroscuro technique.
scarcity of wood and the expensiveness of
marble. Peter Paul Rubens - Massacre of the
Innocents
Middle Ages Caravaggio - The Conversion of St. Paul
-Romanesque buildings or style were built in Rembrandt - The Night Watch
France, Germany and Italy between 1000
and 1200AD. Gian Lorenzo Bernini - He is named "The
Architect of Saint Peter's" in 1629.
Renaissance Art
- It was a time of rebirth and great Ecstacy of St. Theresa
excitement in art, architecture, literature, Pluto & Proserpina
exploration and sciences. Daphne & Apollo
Anchises & Aeneas
Donatello di Niccolo di Betto Bardi - A
prolific master of stone, bronze, wood, Neo-Classicism
stucco, clay and wax. - Draws inspiration from classical art and
classical antiquity.
Penitent Magdalene
David in Bronze Jacques-Louis David - The Oath of the
Horatti
Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - The Angelica Kauffman - Venus Induces
epitome of a "Renaissance Man." Helen to Fall in Love with Paris

The Last Supper Romanticism

Mona Lisa - the movement validated strong emotion as
an authentic source of aesthetic experience.
Michelangelo Bounarroti - Nicknamed Il
Divino, a Sculptor, Painter, Architect and Eugene Delacroix - Liberty Leading the
amateur poet. People
Theodore Gericault - Raft of the Medusa
David in marble Francisco Goya - El Tres De Mayo De
La Pieta 1808 en Madrid
Juan Luna - Spoliarium
Raffaello Sanzio - A master painter and Gustave Courbet - Stone Breakers
architect of the highest Renaissance, more Gustave Courbet - German Huntsman
versatile than Michelangelo and more
prolific than Leonardo.
Realism Where are you going?
-The artist's main function is to objectively Joyousness
describe as accurately and honestly as Tropical Vegetation in Martinique
observed, depicting ordinary life.
Pointillism
Jean Francois Millet - The Gleaners - It is a form of painting in which artists
Fernando Amorsolo - Planting Rice apply small, separate dots of color to create
an image.
Impressionism
- It is characterized by small, visible and Georges Seurat -
heavy brushstrokes. A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La
Grande Jatte
Claude Monet - The Channel at Gravelines, in the Direction
Impression: Sunrise of the Sea
Terrace at St. Adresse
A Path to an Artist's Garden Paul Signac - The Papal Palace, Avignon
Little Bridge
Irises Van Gogh - The Sower
Waterlilies Post-Impressionism
Rouen Cathedral - The term is coined after the development
of French art since Manet.
Edouard Manet- Vincent Van Gogh - He sold only one
A Bar at the Folies Bergere painting before his death and became
De Jeuner sul Herbe famous after.
Dead Christ and the Angels The Starry Night
Monet Painting on his Floating Studio Irises
Olympia Self-portrait with Bandaged Ear
Night Cafe
Paul Cezanne- Cafe Terrace at Night
Chateau Noir
Bridge of Maincy Abstraction
Mont Sainte Victoire -It means "to move away or separate".
Onions and Bottles
Seven Bathers Constantin Brancusi - The Kiss
The Forest
A. Distortion - It is manifested when the
Auguste Renoir - subject is misshapen or twisted out.
La Lorge
Large Bathers Henry Moore -
Luncheon of the Boating Party Recumbent Figure
Moulin de ka Galette Reclining Figure

Paul Gauguin -
What are you Jealous?
B. Elongation - It is manifested when the
subject is longer than usual or further than Dadaism - It aims to shock the viewers
expected
Mercel Duchamp -
El Greco - Resurrection Fountain
Nude Descending a Staircase
Amedeo Modigliani -
Head Futurism - Its subjects include automobiles,
Jeanne Herbuterne trains and bikes that express the vitality of a
city.
C. Mangling - It is manifested when the
subject is lacerated, hacked or mutilated Umberto Boccioni - The City Rises
with repeated blows. Natalia Goncharova - Cyclist

Pablo Picasso - The Weeping Woman Expressionism - It expresses morbidity,

violence or chaos.
D. Cubism - It is manifested when the
subject is presented through cones, Edvard Munch - The Scream
cylinders, spheres and other geometirc
shapes. Surrealism - It means super realism.

Pablo Picasso - Salvador Dali - Persistence of Memory

Girl in Front of a Mirror
Las Demoiselles d'Avignon Pop Art - Pop's reintroduction to identifiable
Guernica imagery from mas media and popular
The Three Musicians culture.

George Barque - Andy Warhol -

Man with Guitar Coca Cola
Violin and Candlestick Marilyndiptych
Campbell Soup Cans
Symbolism - It is the representation of
ideas through signs and figures, Roy Lichtenstein Whaam

Auguste Rodin - The Thinker Art Nouveau - An international style of art,

architecture, applied art and decorative art.
Fauvism - It is characterized by a violence
of colors. Gustav Klimt - The Kiss

Henri Matisse - Antoni Gaudi - Sagada Familia

The Joy of Life
The Dance Art Deco - It is a combined modernist style
Pastoral with fine craftmanship and rich materials.
La Desserte
William Van Alen - Chrysler Bldg NYC
•Create beauty
Paul Landowski - Christ The Redeemer/ •Provide decoration
Cristo Redentor Rio De Jenero • Reveal truth
0mmortalized
OP Art - It is a style of visual art that uses •Express religous values
optical illusions. • Record and commemorate experience o
Create order and harmonv
ART is ...
Victor Vaserely - He is the grandfather of a skill acquired by experience, study or
optical Art. observation
The conscious use of skill and creative
Zebra imagination especially in the creation of
Vonal Stri aesthetic objects
"Art is not nature and Nature is not Art"
Bridget Riley - Movement in Squares. How do we classify "Arts"?
According to function:
The Mona Lisa by Leonardo Da Vinci in Functional (e.g. weaving, furniture making,
the 16th century. pottery)
The Spoliarium by Juan Luna in 1884. Non-functional (e.g. painting, sculpture,
The UP Oblation Statue by Guillermo E. literature, music, theater)
Tolentino, Philippine National Artist in According to the creator:
1939. Man-made
The Creation of Adam by Michel Angelo, Divine
painted between 1508-1512 on the ceiling scope or art Appreciation
of the Sistine Chapel in Vatican City. Medium refers to the material used in
The Planting Rice by Fernando Amorsolo creating any work of art.
in 1921. Visual Arts - arts that are perceived with the
The Starry Night by Vincent van Gogh in sense of sight; also known as
June 1889. "Space Arts" or "Graphic Arts"
GRAPHIC ARTS
WHAT IS ART? 2-D Arts - projected on a flat surface
•"Art is not a thing...it is a way." - Elbert Ex. Drawings, paintings, prints and
Hubbard (1908) photographs.
•"Art is a discovery and development of Painting - a form of visual art that captures
elementary principles of nature into beautiful the expression of ideas and emotions on a
forms suitable for human use." - Frank Lloyd two-dimensional surface.
Wright Scope of Art Appreciation
WHAT IS VISUAL ARTS
APPRECIATION? GRAPHIC ARTS
• Recognition of good qualities of persons or 2-D Arts - projected on a flat surface
something. Scope of Art Appreciation
A full understanding of a situation. VISUAL ARTS
GRAPHIC ARTS
2-D Arts - projected on a flat surface Audio Visual Art - visual
Drawing -the art of representing something The performing arts is a collective term for
by lines made on a surface. arts
Note: Drawing is different from sketch and and auditory combined.
drafting performed in front of an audience. They
Commercial Art - includes books, primarily focus on dance, drama, music and
advertisements, signs or posters to promote theatre.
products or services
14 JUNE
Scope of Art Appreciation Pre-historic Art (-40,000 BC - 4,000 BC) -
VISUAL ARTS Old Stone-age
GRAPHIC ARTS Ex. rock carvings, engravings, pictorial
2-D Arts - projected on a flat surface imagery, and stone arrangements.
Photography *Famous example - Paleolithic cave
A chemical-mechanical process by which paintings found in the complex caves of
images are produced by action of light. Lacaux in France. Pre-historic Art (-40,000
Scope of Art Appreciation BC - 4,000 BC) -
VISUAL ARTS History of Art
GRAPHIC ARTS
2-D Arts - projected on a flat surface Old Stone-age
ANIMATION - (from the Latin word,
animare, to breathe life into is the visual art In prehistoric art, the term "petroglyphs"
of making a motion picture from a series of (derived from the Greek word "petra"
still drawings. meaning stone, and "glyphein" meaning to
carve) is used to describe any image
Scope of Art Appreciation created on a rock surface by scouring,
Auditory Arts - arts that are perceived with scratching, engraving, chiseling, carving or
the sense of hearing; any similar method.
Ex.
Verbal Arts - art form that contains spoken
(or sung) language.
Ex. Literature
"Time or Temporal Arts"
Scope of Art Appreciation
Music is the art of arranging sounds in
rhythmic succession.
1. Vocal Music - music composed primarily
to be sung. Voices are
sometimes accompanied by instruments.
2. Instrumental Music - music written for
instruments

The Performing Arts

 ART APPRECIATION (PRELIM): INTRO & According to the creator:
MOD.1 1. Man-made
2. Divine

Scope of Art Appreciation

- Medium refers to the material used in creating any
work of art.
> Visual Arts - arts that are perceived with the sense
of sight; also known as “Space Arts” or “Graphic
Arts”

GRAPHIC ARTS
> 2-D Arts - projected on a flat surface
Ex. Drawings, paintings, prints and photographs.

Scope of Art Appreciation: VISUAL ARTS

GRAPHIC ARTS: 2-D Arts - projected on a flat
WHAT IS ART?
surface
“Art is not a thing...it is a way.” – Elbert Hubbard
(1908) Painting – a form Drawing -the Commercial Art
“Art is a discovery and development of elementary of visual art that art of – includes books,
principles of nature into beautiful forms suitable for captures the representing advertisements,
signs or posters
human use.” – Frank Lloyd Wright expression of ideas something by
to promote
and emotions on a lines made on a products or
WHAT IS APPRECIATION? two-dimensional surface. services
- Recognition of good qualities of persons or surface. > Note:
something. Drawing is
- A full understanding of a situation. different from
sketch &
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF ART? drafting
- Create beauty - Provide decoration
- Reveal truth - Immortalized Photography - A ANIMATION - Calligraphy -
- Express religious values chemical-mechanic (from the Latin first seen in
al process by which word, animate, Chinese art,
- Record and commemorate the experience images are to breathe life calligraphy is the
- Create order and harmony produced by action into) is the fine art of
of light. visual art of stylized writing (
ART is … making a motion the art of
- a skill acquired by experience, study or observation picture from converting
- The conscious use of skill and creative imagination a series of still Chinese
drawings. characters into
especially in the creation of aesthetic objects
expressive
- “Art is not nature and Nature is not Art” images using
responsive rice
How do we classify “Arts”? paper and the
According to function: pressure of a
1. Functional ( e.g. weaving, furniture making, tapered brush),
pottery) which verges on
a form of
2. Non-functional (e.g. painting, sculpture, literature,
drawing.
music, theater)
 Scope of Art Appreciation Scope of Art Appreciation: Audio Visual Art –
PLASTIC ARTS - includes all fields of visual arts in visual and auditory combined.
which materials are organized into three-dimensional
forms. > The Performing Arts: The performing arts is a
collective term for arts performed in front of an
ARCHITECTURE - the art Landscape Architecture -
of designing & constructing the planning of outdoor audience. They primarily focus on dance, drama,
buildings & other types of areas for human use and music and theatre.
structures. enjoyment.
> Opera – drama set to music (ex. Puccini’s Madame
INTERIOR DESIGN - the City Planning - planning Butterfly)
design & arrangement of and arranging the physical > Musical comedy- like opera, it is also set to music.
architectural interiors for aspects of a large or small
It is however light and often humorous.
convenience and beauty. community.
> Oratorio & Cantata- sacred music in concert form
SCULPTURE refers to the Crafts - Refers to the —-----------------
design & construction of 3 designing & making of History of Art
dimensional forms objects by hand for use or > Pre-historic Art ( -40,000 BC - 4,000 BC) - Old
representing objects/shapes for pleasure. Stone-age
> Ex. rock carvings, engravings, pictorial imagery,
Industrial Design - refers Fashion & Costume
to creating and developing Design – this covers the and stone arrangements.
concepts to improve the design of wearing apparel *Famous example - Paleolithic cave paintings found
ergonomics, aesthetics and of all types. in the complex caves of Lacaux in France.
the functionality of a
product Pre-historic Art ( -40,000 BC - 4,000 BC) – Old
Stone-age: In prehistoric art, the term "petroglyphs"
Theater Design - the design Flower Arrangement - is
(derived from the Greek word "petra" meaning
of settings, stages or the artistic display of cut
backdrops for dramatic flowers stone, and "glyphein" meaning to carve) is used to
productions describe any image created on a rock surface by
scouring, scratching, engraving, chiseling, carving or
any similar method.
Auditory Arts - arts that are perceived with the sense
of hearing;
> Ex.: Verbal Arts – art form that contains spoken
(or sung) language.
> Ex. Literature: "Time or Temporal Arts”

Music is the art of arranging sounds in rhythmic

succession.
1. Vocal Music - music composed primarily to be
sung. Voices are sometimes accompanied by
instruments.
2. Instrumental Music - music written for
instruments
 ART APPRECIATION (PRELIMS: LESSON 2)
Idealism, Stylization
Examples of Representational
- According to the Online Etimology Study art: Portraits, traditional
“Function” comes from the latin word, functio, landscapes, mythological
meaning “a performance or an execution.” paintings, still life, etc.
The functions of art are:
ABSTRACT - a type of art that takes the
Individual Function – the Social Function - art is subject into reality, but in a
focus of artists is to shared by individuals in a different representation.
express themselves out of society; that is, social
passion. consciousness. Art and
society are inseparable.

Cultural & Historical Physical Function - This

Function - Art preserves function is the actualization
& transmits the cultural of art which can be seen
heritage of a place and its through its finality. E.g. E.g. The Starry Night by
period of existence. E.g. architectural Vincent van Gogh in June
old churches that were constructions, interior 1889.
built during the Spanish designs, graphic designs,
era. etc. Non-Objective/ a type of art only made by a
Non-Representational subject for aesthetic purposes.

Aesthetic Function - Political Function - this

Aims to achieve beauty in particular art that functions
such a way that the artist’s politically always carries a
desire for meaningful social function. E.g. during
decorations and elegant election period, politicians
designs serves to its best. use art in making posters,
flyers etc.
Examples of known
Economic Function- The Thus, because of the Non-Objective Artists:
vital source of the different functions of art and Wassily Kandinsky and
economic life of the their contributions to Kasimir Malevich
people that emerge from history, it seems that the
the society is that it definition, purpose, How can one recognize if an art object is abstract
promotes both culture and importance & reasons for
or non-object art: If the art presented or made has
traditions turning them existence of art satisfy
into crafts, tourism and man’s need for expression. no reference to reality.
cultural spots.
What can be your sources of subject?
- Artwork, autobiographies, films of the artist,
THE SUBJECT OF ART (TYPE, SOURCE,
artifacts of artists, photographs, sculptures, history,
KINDS, & CONTENTS OF ART)
literature, etc.
Three (3) types of art:
- Representational
Six (6) Sources of the Subject of Art:
- Abstract
- Non-Representational Nature – a History- painting Greek &
focused view or of scenes from Roman
REPRESENTATIONAL – it is the act of putting the interpretation of history in its Mythology –
actual subject/ object in natural elements narrower sense. the god &
reality. goddesses of
- Classification of stories from
representational art: greek & roman
- Realism, Impressionism, mythology.
 Apo Whang-Od - Is she an Lang Dulay - Is she an
artist or an artisan? artist or an artisan?
Judeo-Christian Sacred Other works - She is a known tattoo
Tradition – Orientation of art- this artist and is tagged to be Lang Dulay is master
showing of Text- this shows source uses the the oldest Kalinga tattoo weaver (artisan) of t’nalak,
the group of a relationship work of art of Artist. the traditional woven
Christianity& between people other artists to tapestry of the T’boli
Judaism together. and their God. get inspiration indigenous people in South
for their own Cotabato.
work.

Contents in Art
The term “content” refers to the meaning of the
work’s subject matter. To understand the meaning od
content, one should also understand forms. This term
is important because its use is to designate a genre,
pattern and rhymes.
- The term “form” according to Dorothy
Barrenscott (2010), refers to the work’s
composition, techniques, the use of media, and the
implementation of the different elements of design.
> Note: without form in an art, the content is
meaningless.

Three (3) levels of Meaning:

Factual – Conventional- Subjective- the
statements that are elements of a definition in
literally or particular which an artist
narratively directly Artwork conveys a
apprehended in presented by an particular
which the content artist to articulation of art.
object of the symbolize (e.g. use of color,
artwork is easily or depict a group like red heart is
recognized when of people or usually
an artist presents culture. (e.g. interpreted as
their work. flag, indicate to love &
what country the compassion.)
subject belongs.
—-------------------------------------------------------------
ARTISTS AND ARTISANS
Artist – generally defined as an “art practitioner,”
such as a painter, choreographer, dancer, writer, poet,
musician, and the like, who produces or creates
indirectly functional arts with aesthetic value using
imagination.

Artisan - generally defined as “craftsmen,” such as

carvers, carpenters, plumbers, blacksmiths, weavers,
embroiders, and the like, who produce directly
functional and/or decorative arts.
ART APP (PRELIMS): MOD.3&4 Value Chart

Elements of the Visual Arts

Line
- Line is the extension of a point
- The artist uses lines to represent figures and forms.
- Lines may either be straight or curved.

1. Horizontal Lines
- Lines of repose and serenity. Color Wheel
- They express ideas of calmness.
- Found in reclining persons, landscapes, and
seascapes.

2. Vertical Lines
- Are lines poised for action
- They are balanced, forceful and dynamic.
- Seen in man standing straight, tall trees

3. Diagonal Lines
- Suggest action and movement —----------------------------------------------
- They give animation. Texture
- A running person makes a diagonal line - Deals more directly with the sense of touch
- It has to do with the characteristics of surfaces
4. Curved Lines which can be rough or smooth, fine or coarse
- Suggest grace, flexibility, and femininity.
—------------------------------------------------ Perspective
Colors - Deals with the effect of distance upon the
● 3 dimensions of colors appearance of objects.
1. Hue – the dimension of color that gives color its 1. Linear Perspective – the representation of an
name appearance of distance by means of converging lines.
> Color harmonies
A. Related Color Harmony –
- Monochromatic
- Adjacent
B. Contrasted Color Harmony – colors that lie
opposite each other in the color wheel
- Foreshortening - a facet of linear perspective
2. Value – refers to the lightness and darkness of which is applied chiefly to the human figure.
color
A. Tint – above the normal
B. Shades – below the normal level

3. Intensity – refers to the brightness and dullness of

color.

Aerial Perspective – the representation of relative

distances of objects by gradation of tone and color.
- Objects become fainter in the distance due to the colored pigment mixed with glutinous material such
effect of the atmosphere. as egg yolk or some other size.
- Tends to be yellowish in color.

Space - Space is more applicable in architecture. The FRESCO

exterior of a building is seen as it appears in space. - The colors are mixed with water and applied to
- Painting does not deal with space directly. fresh plaster which absorbs the color.
- Fresco is almost impossible to move.
Form - Applies to the overall design of work. It
describes the structure or shape of an object. Creation of Adam
by Michelangelo

School of Athens by
Volume - Refers to the amount of space occupied in Raphael
three dimensions.
- Refers to solidity or thickness.
—-------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------
LESSON 4: Mediums of the Visual Arts

ENCAUSTIC Holy Trinity by

- also known as hot wax painting, involves using Masaccio
heated beeswax to which colored pigments are added.
The liquid/paste is then applied to a surface—usually
prepared wood, though canvas and other materials are
often used.
Fayum Mummy Portrait (Egypt)

WATERCOLOR
- Pigments are mixed with water and applied to white
paper.
- Paper goes well with watercolor.
- Fast-drying quality makes it difficult to make
TEMPERA corrections.
- Tempera, also known as egg tempera, is a
permanent, fast-drying painting medium consisting of
 OIL The Bigger Splash - David Hockney
- Pigments are mixed in oil.
- The surface that is most ideal is canvas
- Colors are more opaque.
- It does not dry quickly.
- You can make corrections easily
The Last
Supper
–Leonardo Da
Vinci

Andy Warhol –Campbells Soup Cans

Mona Lisa

MOSAIC
American - Small pieces of glass, pebbles, colored stones and
Gothic by tiles that are glued together by an adhesive such as
Grant Wood grout.
Oil on > Hagia Sophia: Deesis Mosaic
Beaverboard

PASTEL
- The pigment is bound so as to form a crayon which
is applied directly to the surface usually paper.
- It has no glazed effect.
- The chalk sometimes tends to rub off. STAINED GLASS
- Commonly used to describe any colored flat glass
Portrait After a Costume Ball – Edgar Degas or any object made of such glass joined by metal
frames.
- The term originally applied to colored or clear flat
glass cut to fit an artist's design, on which details
were painted in pigment with a brush.

TAPESTRY
- Tapestry is a form of textile art, traditionally woven
on a vertical loom. However, it can also be woven
on a floor loom as well.
ACRYLIC —-----------------------------------------------------------
- Newest medium that is used widely by painters. Mediums in Sculpture
- Synthetic paints using acrylic emulsion as binder. 2 PROCESSES:
- They combine the quick-drying properties of > Subtractive – the process in which unwanted
watercolor and the flexibility of oil. material is cut away.
 > Additive – the construction of a figure by putting
Basilica by Bernini
together bits of clay or by welding together parts of
metal.

WOOD
- Cheap and readily available
- It is relatively light and can be made easily into
variety of shapes.
- It burns easily. They decay easily.
- Cannot be used outdoors.
> Penitent Magdalene by Donatello
IVORY
- It is an expensive and rare medium because it uses
the tusk of an elephant.
- It cracks
- It is valuable
- The size is limited

TERRA COTTA
- Material made of clay
STONE - It easily breaks
- Most commonly used for sculpture - Responsive to a sculptor’s hands and tools
- Durable and resistant to the elements
- It is heavy and breaks easily.
David by Michelangelo

La Pieta

Ecstasy of St. Theresa

by Gian Lorenzo
Bernini

BRONZE & OTHER METALS

- The bronze is the most commonly used metal.
- It is light and the figure can support itself in many
positions.
Baldacchino in St. Peter’s Our Lady of Edsa
LALA B.

ART APP: MIDTERMS > Crafting Techniques- provides the artist’s

MOD.1: SOUL MAKING reflection of his or her life and experiences in any
form or kind of art.
WHAT IS SOUL MAKING?
According to Dr. Norman Narciso….. FIVE (5) PHASES OF SOUL MAKING
“Soul Making is an alternate place to know oneself > Seeking (Finding) – point of self-recognition and
and to look at the depths and meaning of what we do knowing that each of us is a seeker.
in our daily lives.” > Settling- communicating with the soul, with other
human and non human beings and with the world.
Soul making plays a major role in art-production; it is > Surrendering- takes us up and throws us down;
a form of crafting stories, transforming a brief calls for the wounds we bear to be accepted; forces us
moments into images, symbols that connect with to spend time living in the darkness. But at the end of
people, understanding culture and embodying it all, we rise again and bounce back.
tolerance, peace, and imagination. > Soul making– the phase where we start growing
with some wisdom looking for the welfare of others.
It originated from the Greek word “poieo,” which The phase where we also consider others and how
means to be the author or maker or something; or they can cope up with life.
“poiesis,” which means to bring something into > Soaring- conquering the world after successfully
concealment or to bring something that did not exist learning the art and very essence of soul making.
before into being. Achieving greater heights and being able to be an
inspiration and source of strength to others.
According to Thomas Moore…
Soul making transforms raw experience into an SEVEN (7) DA VINCIAN PRINCIPLES
ever-deepening personality and a rich way of living. Who is Leanardo Da Vinci?
- was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance
ROLE OF SOUL MAKING IN ART who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer,
> SOUL MAKING IS AN ACTIVITY OF: scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect.
- Knowing oneself better - Curiosita
- Understanding of life’s depth and essence - Dimostrazione
- Evaluating what oneself does - Sensazione
- Learning from everyday experience - Sfumato
“ When the soul is enriched, our deepest creative - Arte/Scienza
impulses are energized and set in motion.” - Corporalitá
- Connessione
CATEGORIES OF SOUL MAKING
1. Curiosita - is an 2. Dimostrazione - is a
> Crafting images – representing personal insatiably curious approach commitment to test
perspectives with visions of images. (e.g. sketches. to life and unrelenting quest knowledge through
Drawings, collage, photographs) for continuous learning. experience, persistence and
> Crafting Stories - takes place when someone a willingness to learn from
writes down his or her own personal feedbacks, life Curiosity in 2 basic mistakes. Dimostrazione is
values, deep feelings, ideas, and even emotions. (e.g. questions- “What if?” and the embodiment of your
“How come?” own hands controlling your
journals, diaries, poems, essays, short stories)
life.
> Crafting Instruments - creation of sound which is What if- It encourages you
said to be “a bridge” or “a connection to the to see options where you This principle tells us:
unknown. ( e.g. song, music, sounds) might have overlooked a. Test every idea.
> Crafting Movements – life is movement, full of them, it allows you to b. Don’t take anything for
rhythm, and full of flowing images accompanied by make connections and it is a granted.
narratives. sneaky way to get your c. Experience life firsthand
brain more goal-oriented.
 LALA B.

How Come- How come 5. Arte/Scienza – is the 6. Corporalitá – is the

brings you to 'Why'. Instead development of the balance cultivation of beauty, inborn
of watching the between science and art, talent, fitness and poise.
environment passively or logic and imagination. This
going through reflex notion speaks directly to
replies, 'how come' makes the whole brain thinking
you challenge both your idea.
actions and the intentions of
others. 7. Connessione – is a
recognition of and
A Hundred Questions: appreciation for the
Write down 100 questions interconnectedness of all
that are important to you. things and phenomena.
These could be questions
—-------------------------------------------------------------
you wish to answer yourself
such as, “What is my MOD.2: SOUL MAKING: MAKING AND
purpose?” or “What is the DERIVING MEANING FROM ART
meaning of
life?” ART…
has played an integral role to capture, record and
Ten Power Questions: communicate events, activities, tradition and even
After you have
belief system of various groups. In essence, art has
brainstormed a list of 100
questions, select the 10 that been an instrument to reflect the things and events
have the most powerful that transpired.
impact when you read
them. Example, What is my IN ART APPRECIATION…
greatest desire? in order for people to make sense of the work, it
When am I most naturally
would require understanding the visual elements
myself?
where art was grounded on, especially the principles
Daily Themes: Carry a of design.
journal with you
everywhere and write down “ Paintings have a life of their own that derives from
your ideas and the painter’s soul.”
observations. Each day, --- Vincent Van Gogh
choose a theme or word.
You can do this at the
beginning of the day to set FOR THE AUDIENCE TO DIGEST OR
the intention or at the end UNDERSTAND A WORK OF ART THEY MUST
of the day as a cool down or HAVE:
wrap-up. > Style - refers to the distinctive handling of elements
and media. Study the medium/s, the materials, and
3. Sensazione – is the 4. Sfumato – is a othe elements used in creating the masterpiece.
continual refinement of the willingness to embrace
senses, especially sight, as confusion, paradox, and > Form - is what the audience sees. Look at the
the means to enliven confusion. Most of us are artwork from different angle. Different angle,
experience. We forget to uncomfortable with different translation and interpretation.
savor and sensualize our questions not being > Content - is the subject matter and underlying
experiences. Make use of known or unanswerable, so meanings or themes. Analyze what does the artist
your senses and feel the we avoid anything beyond wants you to know, not the actual picture but a deeper
everything and anything our control.
sense that the painting or the output is trying to tell
you experience in life every
single day. you as the viewer.
 LALA B.

IMPROVISATION VS. APPROPRIATION

STYLE MOTIF
> Improvisation= spontaneous, unplanned APPROPRIATION APPROPRIATION
> Appropriation = to properly adopt, recycle or - Is a distinctive manner - an element of an image. A
borrow idea which permits the grouping motif may be repeated in a
of works into related pattern or design, often
IMPROVISATION… categories. It refers to the many times, or may just
spontaneous, unplanned or otherwise free-ranging visual appearance of a work occur once in a work.
of art that relates it to other > Example: Use of a pattern
creativity. Done without prior planning.
works by the same artist or an image or part of it in
> Example: artist would want to capture the gloom from the same period, making a new pattern or
brought about by an approaching storm or the beauty training, location, “school, style.
of meteor shower at night. Since they do not have ”art movement or
absolute control over natural phenomena, their archeological culture.
reliance on chances may not necessarily produce their > Example: Wearing
expected outcome. headdresses, blackface,
kimonos, and other clothing,
> Other example: On-the-spot painting, drawing symbols, and facets of other
cultures as costumes.
APPROPRIATION…
the practice of artists using pre-existing objects or SUBJECT
images in their art with little transformation of the APPROPRIATION
original. - Refers to the main idea
that is represented in a work
- The act of “re-contextualizing” an object or subject
of art. Basically the essence
but given a new attack or touch. of the piece.
> Example: Andy Warhol's Can Campbell's Soup Can > Example: Rudyard
(1962) Kipling’s novel entitle
“Kim.” Aldo kipling was
CULTURAL APPROPRIATION… born in India, none of the
Can be defined as “Cherry picking” or selecting of cultures that he presented in
the said novel was his or he
certain aspects of culture, and ignoring their original
never experienced it but
significance for the purpose of belittling it as a trend. took inspiration from those
(Baker, 2017) cultures.
—-------------------------------------------------------------
FIVE (5) ACTS OF CULTURAL
----------------------------------------------------------------
APPROPRIATION
REPORTING LESSONS
● Object Appropriation
● Context Appropriation
Sensazione
● Style Appropriation
- The continual refinement of the senses, especially
● Motif Appropriation
sight, as the means to clarify experience
● Subject Appropriation
- According to Da Vinci, we can best practice
OBJECT CONTEXT Dimostrazione through our senses, particularly sight.
APPROPRIATION APPROPRIATION
- The use of pre-existing - Consists of all the things 5 sensation
object or images with little about the artwork that might - Sight
or no transformation applied have influences the artwork
to them. or the maker (artist). - Sound
> Example: Andy Warhol's > Example: Sports teams - Touch
Can Campbell's Soup Can using Native American - Taste
(1962) tribal names or images as - Smell
mascots > for leonardo, vision was supreme and painting
therefor was the greatest dicipline. His uncanny
LALA B.

visual acuity allowed him to capture exquisite SFUMATO

subtleties of human expression and unprecedented - The term sfumato comes from the Italian word
details of nature. "sfumare", meaning "to tone down" or "to evaporate
like smoke”.
HEARING - and therefore music, came next - The Sfumato technique is a Renaissance art method
importance. among his many extraordinary abilities, which was developed in the 16th century by Italian
Leonardo was brilliant musician, much in demand at painter, Leonardo da Vinci.
the places of his patrons. - It involves blending colors and tones without using
sharp lines, giving a smoky or hazy effect.
Da Vinci also valued and cultivated the refinement of
all the senses. He wore the finest clothes he could - Sfumato is a technique from the Renaissance where
afford (touch). He filled his studio with the scent of artists use gentle, hazy, and smoky effects in their
flowers and perfumes (smell). He practiced with a artwork.
passion the culinary arts (taste). - The art term sfumato which roughly means “gone
up in smoke” or “faded away” describes a soft,
Looking and seeing smoky visual effect that blurs the edges of people and
- Leonardo wrote that “the eye encompasses the objects, allowing them to blend seamlessly into their
beauty of the whole world.” You can begin to surroundings.
cultivate keener vision by observing nature or life - Primary used in Portrait Painting specially in to
around you and describing its details on paper or in soften transitions between light and shadow
your mind. Study the lives and works of your favorite
artists. Visit a museum. Learn to draw. Sfumato art technique
- Soft Transitions; Without Hard Lines; Multiple Thin
Listening and hearing Layers of paint
- Every sound and every silence provides an - Light and Shadow (Chiaroscuro); Naturalistic Skin
opportunity to deepen auditory perspicacity. Take a Tones
few minutes a day to stop and listen to the sounds
around you, then listen for the spaces (silence) Soft Transitions Without Hard Lines
between sounds. Leonardo wrote, “Music may be - Sfumato creates smooth transitions between colors
called the sister of painting … .” Study the lives and and tones, making edges appear softer and less
works of your favorite composers and musicians. defined. This technique mimics the way light
Expose yourself to different musical styles. gradually fades in natural settings.

Aromatic awareness Multiple Thin Layers of Paint

- Every day we take 23,000 scent-laden breaths. Our - Leonardo achieved this soft blending by applying
five million olfactory cells can sniff out one molecule many thin layers of semi-transparent paint or glaze.
of odor-causing substance in one part per trillion of Each layer contributed to the overall effect of gradual
air. Leonardo was fond of creating his own personal shading and light diffusion, making the forms appear
cologne from rose-water and flower of lavender. Try realistic and three-dimensional.
making your own perfume. Try to describe in words
the odors around you. Grab some family or friends, Light and Shadow (Chiaroscuro)
put on a blindfold and make a game of identifying a - This technique plays with light and shdow to
selection of aromatic items by smell only. enhance the realism of a painting.It helps in
deppicting complex facial expressions and soft
Taste and touch contours
- try different types of food whether it is sweet, salty,
sour and bitter. Hug your seatmate or your crush
inside the classroom.
-----------
LALA B.

Naturalistic Skin Tones

- Leonardo used sfumato to paint human faces with
incredible realism. By softly transitioning between
tones, he created lifelike skin textures and features.
The shadows on faces, particularly around the eyes
and mouth, appear soft and realistic, giving his
figures an almost photographic quality
-----------------

CORPORALITA
- is one of the fundamental principles in Leonardo da
Vinci’s philosophy, originally included as part of his
"Vitruvian Man" concept, where human proportions
and physical excellence symbolize ideal harmony. It
suggests not only physical fitness but also a mindful
awareness of the body’s capabilities, emphasizing
grace, strength, and precision in movement. In the
Renaissance, corporalità was seen as a path to
self-improvement, as mastering the body’s potential
was believed to enhance mental acuity and emotional
resilience.
- The Cultivation of grace ambidexity, fitness and
poise examples Physical Practices,sports,yoga,dance
—-------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------

Paul Cezanne - Chateau Noir

Jacques-Louis David - The oath of the horatii

Peter Paul Rubens - Masssacre of the Innocents

Eugene Delacroix - Liberty leading the people

Rembrandt - the night watch

Theodore gericault - raft of the medusa

Claude monet - impression: sunrise

Francisco goya - el tres de mayo de 1808 en madrid

Van gogh - cafe terrace at night

EVOLUTION OF DANCE
IN THE PHILIPPINES
Module 2: Finals- Art Appreciation
 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

•Philippine dance has a long and rich history.

•During the early times, Philippine Dances were based on
myths, traditions, and daily lives of common people.
•Dances in the Philippines are performed as a way to
story tell, celebrate, and commemorate.
 CLASSIFICATION OF PHILIPPINE
FOLK DANCE
• Most provinces in the Philippines have their own identifying folk dance to showcase the
elegance and beauty of the way they do things, the way they dress, and the way they see
things.
• Five types of folk dances in the Philippines:
• Maria Clara Dance
• Cordillera Dance
• Rural Dance
• Muslim Dance
• Tribal Dance
 MARIA CLARA DANCE

• Origin: Luzon and Visayas

• Named after the chief female character of Jose Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere.
• It was Spanish influenced “Filipinized” by the use of bamboo castanets and
abanico.

• Example: La Jota, Paseo de Iloilo

 CORDILLERA DANCE
• Origin: Northen Luzon
• It is a dance to celebrate victories, festivals, religious rituals,
thanksgiving, etc.
• Musical instruments are widely used in this type of dance which include
nose flute, bamboo guitar, drums, gongs, and wooden sticks.
• Example: Uya-uy, Banga Dance
 RURAL DANCE
• Origin: Luzon
• These dances illustrate the fiesta spirit and love of life.
• Best known type of Filipino dance.
• Dance Attire:
• For ladies: colorful balintawak and patadyong skirts.
• For gentlemen: camisa de chino and colored trousers.
• Example: Binasuan, Tinikling
 MUSLIM DANCE
• Origin: Southern Mindanao
• These dances are characterized by vivid colors and rhythmic movements which reflect the
influence of Arabian movements and Indo-Malaysian cultures.
• Example Singkil, Vinta
 TRIBAL DANCE
• Origin: Mindanao
• These are dances that are performed “for the Gods”.
• Mostly ceremonial and ritual type of dances.
• Example: Udol, Mandaya
 WELL KNOWN/ COMMON
FOLK DANCES IN THE PHILIPPINE
• Due to the numerous islands, ethnicity, tribes and groups in the Philippines, different
folk dances were used and performed to celebrate, honor gods, and many other
reasons.
• Some of the known and common folk dances in the Philippines are:
• Tinikling
• Jota Cavitena
• Maglalatik
• Subli
• Pandanggo sa Ilaw
• Sayaw ed Tapew na Bangko
 WELL KNOWN/ COMMON
FOLK DANCES IN THE PHILIPPINE

•TINIKLING
• The National Dance of the Philippines
• Literally means the “Bamboo Dance”
• It is a dance which originated from the Province of Leyte.
• The basic movements of this dance is imitating the moves of a
“Tikling bird” – a bird with long legs and a long neck.
 WELL KNOWN/ COMMON
FOLK DANCES IN THE PHILIPPINE

•JOTA CAVITENA
• It is among the popular versions of the Spanish Jota.
• It is a dance which originated from Ternate, Cavite.
• The dance is characterized by brisk and snobbish posture of the male
dancers and the flowing elegance of lady dancers.
 WELL KNOWN/ COMMON
FOLK DANCES IN THE PHILIPPINE

•MAGLALATIK
• Also known as “Manlalatik” or “Magbabao.”
• It is a dance which originated from Binan, Laguna.
• It is a dance which pays tribute to the patron saint San Isidro
Labrador.
 WELL KNOWN/ COMMON
FOLK DANCES IN THE PHILIPPINE

•SUBLI
• It is presented during a feast, as ceremonial worship dance in honor to
the Holy Cross.
• It is a dance which originated from Batangas.
• It is also a play and is a long sequence of prayers in verse, songs and
dances.
 WELL KNOWN/ COMMON
FOLK DANCES IN THE PHILIPPINE

•PANDANGGO SA ILAW
• It is a folk dance that has become popular in the rural areas in the
Philippines.
• It is a dance which originated in Lubang Island, Mindoro.
• It evolved from a fun Spanish Dance “Fandango.”
 WELL KNOWN/ COMMON
FOLK DANCES IN THE PHILIPPINE

•SAYAW ED TAPEW NA BANGKO

• It is a folk dance that has become popular in the rural areas in the
Philippines.
• It is a dance which originated in Lingayen, Pangasinan.
• It is being performed by a couple on a narrow bench through inching
and hopping from one end to another.
 END OF MODULE 2

•Prepare and review for a quiz next meeting.

 FINAL OUTPUT
•Video recorded song or dance cover.
•Must be 2-3 mins.
•Can be performed solo or in group.
•To be sent via email or to be shown and played during
class period.
•Deadline of submission is on May 12, 2024, 5:00 p.m.
DANCE: History,
Origin, Types,
Elements
MODULE 1: FINALS
Dance or Dancing…

► is a form of art made by purposefully recreating selected

sequences of human motion, which can be imbued with
the values of aesthetics and symbolism acknowledged by
performers and observers from within the particular
culture.
Dance or dancing…

► can be performed to serve several functions:

► Social
► Competitive
► Ceremonial
► Martial
► Erotic
Dance or dancing…

► Has two (2) distinct forms:

► THEATRICAL DANCE in which dancers perform for

an audience.
► Theatrical dance is known for having more elaborate
choreography, planning, costume, scenery and
other elements that make the entire production feel
more professional.
Dance or dancing…

► Has two (2) distinct forms:

► SOCIAL DANCE or PARTICIPATORY DANCE -

where dancing in a group is encouraged by anyone.
► Participatory dances are most commonly performed
at weddings, social gatherings, and festivals. They
can be enjoyed with folk music alone or in groups
(pairs, lines, chains, or other forms).
 History and Origin…
► It closely follows the development of human race.
► Since the earliest times of human existence, dance served
as an irreplaceable way of expressing human thought and
emotion.
► First archeological proof of dance comes from the 9
thousand-year-old cave paintings in India. and

► 5300-year-old cave paintings in Egypt

► Ancient Egyptian (3000 BC) used dancing both for
entertainment and religious activities.
► In Ancient Greece, dance was used very regular and openly to
public (which eventually brought the birth of the famous Greek
theatre in 6th century BC).
► Ancient Greeks and Romans annually celebrated their wine
gods Dionysus and Bacchus with several days long festivities
filled with alcohol, song , and dance.
Elements of Dance
► Body Action Space

Time Energy
Body…

► is the mobile figure or shape, felt by the dancer,

seen by others. The body is sometimes relatively
still and sometimes changing as the dancer moves
in place or travels through the dance area.
Action…

► is any human movement included in the act of

dancing— it can include dance steps, facial
movements, partner lifts, gestures, and even
everyday movements such as walking.
Space…

► It is where the dancers interact. They may stay in

one place or they may travel from one place to
another. They may alter the direction, level, size,
and pathways of their movements.
Time…

► The keyword for the element of time

is When? Human movement is naturally
rhythmic in the broad sense that we alternate
activity and rest. Breath and waves are
examples of rhythms in nature that repeat, but
not as consistently as in a metered rhythm.
Timing relationships…

► simultaneous or sequential timing;

► brief to long duration;
► fast to slow speed;
► accents in predictable or unpredictable intervals.
Other ways to organize time in dancing…

► Clock time: The dance is based on units of seconds, minutes, and/or

hours.
► Sensed time: Dancers pick up on each other's timing such as
gradually increasing from a walking tempo to a running tempo by cueing
off each other rather than a music score.

► Event-sequence: An internal or external event signals a change

such as repeating a traveling phrase over and over until everyone arrives
at a corner of the stage.
Energy…

► Energy is about how the movement happens.

Choices about energy include variations in
movement flow and the use of force, tension,
and weight. An arm gesture might be free flowing
or easily stopped, and it may be powerful or gentle,
tight or loose, heavy or light.
Types of Dances…

► Communal
► Ritual
► Social
► Modern
COMMUNAL DANCE…

► Gathering together as a group or community to dance

together and get a sense of identity and belonging to a
locality or cultural group.
► Found in cultures who value cooperation over
competitiveness.
► Can be performed for self-expression and transmitting
culture to the next generation.
RITUAL DANCE…
► Dances that are usually called "religious dances" because of their
purpose.
► A major category or classification of dance forms or dance styles,
where the purpose is ceremonial or ritualistic. It is related to and
overlaps with sacred dance and ecstatic dance.
► Types of Ritual or religious Dances:
► Dances of Imitation
► Medicine dances
► Commemorative dances
► Dances for spiritual connection
SOCIAL DANCE…

► A category of dances that have a social function and

context. Social dances are intended for participation rather
than performance and can be led and followed with
relative ease.
► Focuses more on socializing and interacting in a function
or gathering.
► Also called ballroom dances.
MODERN DANCE…

► A highly expressive style of dance that challenges the

structured dance technique of classical ballet.
► It was developed in the 20th century as a challenge to the
rigorously structured world of ballet.
► It is interested in the communication of emotional
experiences.
End of Module 1