Unit-2

Part-B 5-marks
1) When throwing a normal die, let X be the random variable defined by X=the square of
the score shown on the die. What is the expectation of X?
ans: E(X)=15/16
2) If X is a discrete random variable with a probability mass function given as

ans: P(X < 0.4)=0.6

3) The pdf of a continuous random variable, X, is given as follows:

ans: 0.125
4) Find the expected value of a continuous random variable that follows a pdf given by

ans: E(X)=4.833
5)

ans: a)0.033, b)0.822

6)

ans: a)0.363, b)0.1445

7) For some computers, the period between charges of the battery is normally distributed with
a mean of 50 hours and a standard deviation of 15 hours. Rohan has one of these computers
and needs to know the probability that the period will be between 50 and 70 hours.
Ans: 0.4082
8) In a cafe, the customer arrives at a mean rate of 2 per min. Find the probability of arrival
of 5 customers in 1 minute using the Poisson distribution formula. Ans:0.036 or 36%
 9) Find the Poisson mass probability of function at x = 6 if the value of the mean is 3.4.
Ans: 0.072 or 72%
10) Chebyshev inequality
Formula:

Example1:
Suppose 1,000 applicants show up for a job interview, but there are only 70 positions available. To
select the best 70 people amongst the 1,000 applicants, the employer gives an aptitude test to judge
their abilities. The mean score on the test is 60, with a standard deviation of 6. If an applicant
scores an 84, can they assume they are getting a job?

Example2
Suppose a fair coin is tossed 50 times. The bound on the probability that the number of
heads will be greater than 35 or less than 15 can be found using Chebyshev's Inequality.
 Part-C 10-marks
1)

Answer : a) K=1/18, b) F(5)= 1/3, c) E(x)=52/9, d)E(X2)=112/3

2)

ans : b) E(X)=-1/3
3) Let X be a continuous random variable with PDF given by

Where mod x limit =(-1,1) ans: c= 3/2, b)E(X)=0, Var(x)=3/5, c)7/16

4) The speeds of cars are measured using a radar unit, on a motorway. The speeds are normally
distributed with a mean of 90 km/hr and a standard deviation of 10 km/hr. What is the
probability that a car selected at chance is moving at more than 100 km/hr?
ans: 0.1587
5)
 Ans: a) 0.211, b)3.2, c)2.347

6) For some laptops, the time between charging the laptop battery is normally distributed with
a mean of 50 hours and a standard deviation of 15 hours. Rajesh owns one of these laptops
and wants to know the probability that the period will be between 50 and 70 hours.
Ans:0.4082

Unit-3
Part-B 5-marks
1) Find the standard error of the given data set 10,12,16,21,and 25
ans(mean-16.8, s=6.22, SE=2.782

Ans a) 196.775,213.225 b)195.20,214.80 c) 192.12, 217.88

3. Find the standard error for the sample data: 5, 8, 10, 12.
Ans: mean=8.75,S=2.98,SE=1.0074

4. Find the population variance for the following

 Ans:91.35
5. For a Given Sample: 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, Find Out the Standard Error of the Mean.
Ans=1.41
Part-C 10-marks
1) 1. Suppose a random sample of size n = 100 has been selected and the sample mean is
found to be x̄ = 67. The population standard deviation is assumed to be σ = 12. Please
answer the following questions.
(a) What is the standard error of the mean 𝜎𝑥̅ ?
(b) What is the margin of error if the confidence level is (1 – α ) = 0.95?
(c) What is the 95% confidence interval estimate of µ?

Ans: a)1.2, b)2.352, c)64.648, 69.352

2.) a) Find the mean and variance for the data 6,7,10,12,13,4,8,12 ans:mean=9, var=9.25
b)

3)

Answer
 i) Mean =7, var= 23.33, SD=4.83
ii) Mean =9, var= 9.25, SD=3.04
iii) Mean =289.1, var= 1539.49, SD=39.24
iv) Mean =16, var= 38.75, SD=6.22
4)

Ans: mean=27,variance=157.6, sd=12.48

Unit-4
Part B
1) The average weight of a dumbbell in a gym is 90lbs. However, a physical trainer believes
that the average weight might be higher. A random sample of 5 dumbbells with an average
weight of 110lbs and a standard deviation of 18lbs. Using hypothesis testing check if the
physical trainer's claim can be supported for a 95% confidence level.
Ans: 2.484 > 2.132, the null hypothesis is rejected.

2) The average score of a class is 90. However, a teacher believes that the average score might
be lower. The scores of 6 students were randomly measured. The mean was 82 with a
standard deviation of 18. With a 0.05 significance level use hypothesis testing to check if
this claim is true.
Ans: -1.088 > -2.015, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.
3) In the population, the average IQ is 100 with a standard deviation of 15. A team of scientists
want to test a new medication to see if it has either a positive or negative effect on
intelligence, or not effect at all. A sample of 30 participants who have taken the medication
has a mean of 140. State H0 and H1 to define the medication affect intelligence?
Ans: H0: medication affects intelligence
Ha: medication does not affect intelligence
4) A) Find the critical value for a left tailed z test where α = 0.012.
b) Find the critical value for a two-tailed f test conducted on the following samples at a α =
0.025, Variance = 110, Sample size = 41, Variance = 70, Sample size = 21
Ans: A) critical value = -2.26, B)=2.287

5) Suppose a one-tailed t-test is being conducted on data with a sample size of 8 at α = 0.05.
Then find the critical value.
Ans= Crititcal Value = 1.895
 6)

Ans: S=1.802, t= -5.35

7) Based on field experiments, a new variety green gram is expected to given an yield of
12.0quintals per hectare. The variety was tested on 10 randomly selected farmers fields.
The yield ( quintals/hectare) were recorded as 14.3,12.6,13.7,10.9,13.7,12.0, 11.4, 12.0,
12.6, 13.1. Do the results conform the expectation?
Ans: s=1.0853, tcal=1.836, ttab= 2.262, Inference tcal<ttab
accept the null hypothesis H0

8) A company wants to improve its sales. The previous sales data indicated that the average
sale of 25 salesmen was $50 per transaction. After training, the recent data showed an
average sale of $80 per transaction. If the standard deviation is $15, find the t-score. Has
the training provided improved the sales?
Ans: t=10, t>CV the accepted hypothesis is not true.

9) A pre-test and post-test conducted during a survey to find the study hours of Patrick on
weekends. Calculate the t-score and determine (for α = 0.25) if the pre-test and post-test
surveys are significantly different?

Pre-test(X) Post-test(Y) X-Y (X-Y)2

1 2 -1 1

2 4 -2 4

Ans:t=0.24, df=1, CV=1 t < CV. Therefore, the scores are not significantly different.

Part-C
 1) Calculate a t-test for the following data of the number of times people prefer coffee or tea
in five-time intervals (take any ideal significance value by own).

Coffee Tea

4 3

5 8

7 6

6 4

9 7
Ans- t=0.47
2) The bank has a head office in Delhi and a branch in Mumbai. There are long customer queues
at one office, while customer queues are short at the other. The Operations Manager of the bank
wonders if the customers at one branch are more variable than the number of customers at another.
He carries out a research study of customers. The variance of Delhi head office customers is 31,
and that for the Mumbai branch is 20. The sample size for the Delhi head office is 11, and that for
the Mumbai branch is 21. Carry out a two-tailed F-test with a level of significance of 10%.

Ans, F=1.55,df1=10,df2=20, CV=2.348, Since the F statistic (1.55) is lesser than the table value
obtained (2.348), we cannot reject the null hypothesis.

3) The severity of a disease and blood group were studied in a research projest. The findings sre
given in the following table, known as the m * n contingency table. Can the severity of the
condition and blood group are associated?.
Show the severity of a disease classified by blood group in 1500 patients using X2.

Ans- X2 =12.2347, X2 table value=12.59,df=6

4) The meal plan selected by 200 students is shown below. At the 0.05 level of significance, is
there evidence that meal plan and class standing are independent (i.e., using Chi-Square test show
that there is no relationship between them)

Ans= X2= 0.709, X2 table value=12.592, df=6 , so do not reject H0

5) A gym trainer claimed that all the new boys in the gym are above average weight. A random
sample of thirty boys’ weight has a mean score of 112.5 kg. The population mean weight is
100 kg and the standard deviation is 15, significance level=0.05. Is there sufficient evidence
to support the claim of gym trainers and find the following:
i) State the hypothesis.
ii) Find the Z-Score
iii) Find the Z-calculated value.
iv)Compare the significance score and conclude the hypothesis.
Ans-1) H0=100, h0>100, 2) z-score=1.645, 3) Z-CV=4.56, 4)4.56>1.645, reject null hypothesis
6) A herd of 1,500 steer was fed a special high‐protein grain for a month. A random sample of 29
were weighed and had gained an average of 6.7 pounds. If the standard deviation of weight gain
for the entire herd is 7.1, test the hypothesis using Z-test that the average weight gain per steer for
the month was more than 5 pounds.
a) State the hypothesis
b) Find Z-calculated value
c) Find Z-table value
d) conclude the hypothesis
Ans, a) H0=5,Ha>5, b) Z=1.289, c) Z-table value=0.8997, 1 – 0.8997 = 0.1003 d) the null
hypothesis could not be rejected