ENG.

2A Design of Irrigation works 2021/2022

Midterm Revision
Design of irrigation works
2021/2022 – 2nd Term

ENG. 2A
Eng. 2A

➢ Write True (✓) or false () without rewriting the question

1 Retaining walls are structures built to retain soil a giant sliding (✓)

Increasing level of ground water in soil makes retaining wall more-

2 ( )
safe against sliding

Increasing surcharge live load makes retaining wall more-safe

3 ( )
against sliding

To design a safe retaining wall. The retaining wall must be safe

4 ( )
against sliding and stress only

Culvert is a hydraulic structure to pass a minor canal under the

5 ()
main drain

Culvert is a hydraulic structure to pass a minor canal under the

6 (✓)
main road

Syphon is a hydraulic structure to pass a main canal under a

7 ()
main drain

Syphon is a hydraulic structure to pass minor drain under main

8 (✓)
canal

Aqueduct is a hydraulic structure to pass the minor canal over

9 (✓)
the main drain

Tail escape is a hydraulic structure to pass the canal water at its

10 (✓)
tail to a drain
Aqueduct is a hydraulic structure to pass main drain under main
canal, and two locks one joint the main drain with the main
11 ()
canal and the second joint the main canal with the main drain to
provide navigation of the drain

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Solution

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Example (3)
Make a complete design after choosing the suitable type retaining wall for the
given data:

Canal bed level = (6.50) Street level = (8.25)

L.W.L. = (7.25) H.W.L. = (7.50)
Angle of internal friction = 30 ̊ Coefficient of friction = 0.55
Allowable stresses for soil = 18 t/ m2 Live load = 1.00 t/m2
Solution

1- Empirical Dimensions:
H = (street level – bed level) + 0.5 m
H = (8.25 – 6.50) + 0.5 = 2.25 m < 3.00 m ⤇ Gravity type retaining wall
𝐵1 = 𝑡𝑓 = 0.2 H = 0.2 × 2.25 = 0.45 m
𝐵2 = 0.45 H = 0.45 × 2.25 = 1.01 = 1.10 m
B = 𝐵2 + 2 𝐵1 = 1.1 + 2 × 0.45 = 2.00 m
5 Eng. 2A
Eng. 2A

❖ For Section (1-1)

1- Loads
a) Vertical Loads
W = A. 𝜸 (ton) X = arm to O1 𝑴𝒔𝒕. = W. X
𝑊1 = 0.45 × 2.25 × 2.2 = 2.23 𝑋1 = 0.675 1.51
𝑊2 = 0.5 × 0.65 × 2.25 × 2.2 = 1.61 𝑋2 = 1.12 1.8
𝑊3 = 0.45 × 2 × 2.2 = 1.98 𝑋3 = 1 1.98
𝑊𝑆1 = 0.5 × 0.65 × 2.25 × 2 = 1.46 𝑋3 = 1.33 1.94
𝑊𝑆2 = 0.45 × 2.25 × 2 = 2.03 𝑋4 = 1.78 3.61
Σ W = 9.31 Σ 𝑀𝑠𝑡. =10.84
b) Horizontal Loads
1 − 𝑆𝑖𝑛 Ø 1 − 𝑆𝑖𝑛 30
𝐾𝑎 = = = 0.33
1 + 𝑆𝑖𝑛 Ø 1 + 𝑆𝑖𝑛 30
𝑒1 = L. L × 𝐾𝑎 = 1 × 0.33 = 0.33 t / 𝑚2

𝑒2 = 𝑒1 + 𝛾𝑑 × ℎ1 × 𝐾𝑎
𝑒2 = 0.33 + 1.8 × 0.75 × 0.33 = 0.78 t / 𝑚2
𝑒3 = 𝑒2 + 𝛾𝑠𝑢𝑏 × ℎ2 × 𝐾𝑎 + ℎ2 × 𝛾𝑤
𝑒3 = 0.78 + 1.1 × 1.5 × 0.33 + 1.5 × 1 = 2.8 t / 𝑚2
𝑒4 = 𝑒3 + 𝛾𝑠𝑢𝑏 × ℎ3 × 𝐾𝑎 + ℎ3 × 𝛾𝑤
𝑒4 = 2.8 + 1.1 × 0.45 × 0.33 + 0.45 × 1 = 3.4 t / 𝑚2

E = Area (ton) Y = arm to O1 𝑴𝑶𝒗. = E. Y

𝐸1 = 0.33 × 0.75 = 0.248 𝑌1 = 2.33 0.578
𝐸2 = 0.5 × 0.75 × (0.78 – 0.33) = 0.169 𝑌2 = 2.2 0.37
𝐸3 = 0.78 × 1.5 = 1.17 𝑌3 = 1.2 1.4
𝐸4 = 0.5 × 1.5 × (2.8 – 0.78) = 1.52 𝑌4 = 0.95 1.4
𝐸5 = 0.45 × 2.8 = 1.26 𝑌5 = 0.225 0.284
𝐸6 = 0.5 × 0.45 × (3.4 – 2.8) = 0.14 𝑌6 = 0.15 0.021
Σ E = 4.51 Σ 𝑀𝑂𝑣. = 4.05
6 Eng. 2A
Eng. 2A
2- Check Stability
a) Check Overturning

Σ 𝑀𝑠𝑡. 10.84
F. O. S. = = = 2.67 ≥ 1.5 ✓ O. K
Σ 𝑀𝑂𝑣. 4.05

b) Check Sliding

μ ΣW 0.55 × 9.31
F. O. S. = = = 1.14 < 1.5  Unsafe"Not satisfied"
ΣE 4.51
c) Check Stress

𝑀 𝑛𝑒𝑡 = Σ 𝑀𝑠𝑡. − Σ 𝑀𝑂𝑣. = 10.84 – 4.05 = 6.79 t. m

𝑀 𝑛𝑒𝑡 6.79
X = = = 0.729
ΣW 9.31

𝐵 2 𝐵 2
e = – X = – 0.729 = 0.271 < = = 0.33
2 2 6 6

−ΣW 6𝑒 − 9.31 6 × 0.271

𝑓1,2 = [1 ± ] = [1 ± ]
𝐵 𝐵 2 2

𝑓1 = − 8.44 t / 𝑚2 < 𝐹𝑏𝑐 = 18 t / 𝑚2

𝑓2 = − 0.87 t / 𝑚2 < 𝐹𝑏𝑐 = 18 t / 𝑚2
✓ O. K
❖ For Section (2-2)
1- Loads
a) Vertical Loads
W=A.𝜸 𝑿∖ = arm to O2 𝑴𝒔𝒕. = W. 𝑿∖
𝑊1 = 2.23 𝑋 ∖1 = 0.675 – 0.45 = 0.225 0.502
𝑊2 = 1.61 𝑋 ∖ 2 = 1.12 – 0.45 = 0.67 1.08
𝑊𝑆1 = 1.46 𝑋 ∖𝑆1 = 1.33 – 0.45 = 0.88 1.28
Σ W = 5.3 Σ 𝑀𝑠𝑡. = 2.86

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b) Horizontal Loads
E = Area 𝒀∖ = arm to O2 𝑴𝑶𝒗. = E. 𝒀∖
𝐸1 = 0.248 𝑌 ∖1 = 2.33 – 0.45 = 1.88 0.466
𝐸2 = 0.169 𝑌 ∖ 2 = 2.2 – 0.45 =1.75 0.296
𝐸3 = 1.17 𝑌 ∖ 3 = 1.2 – 0.45 = 0.75 0.878
𝐸4 = 1.52 𝑌 ∖ 4 = 0.95 – 0.45 = 0.5 0.76
Σ E = 3.11 Σ 𝑀𝑂𝑣. = 2.4
2- Check Stability
a) Check Overturning
Σ 𝑀𝑠𝑡. 2.86
F. O. S. = = = 1.19 < 1.5  Unsafe"Not satisfied"
Σ 𝑀𝑂𝑣. 2.4

b) Check Sliding
μ ΣW 0.7 × 5.3
F. O. S. = = = 1.19 < 1.5  Unsafe"Not satisfied"
ΣE 3.11

c) Check Stress

𝑀 𝑛𝑒𝑡 = Σ 𝑀𝑠𝑡. − Σ 𝑀𝑂𝑣. = 2.86 – 2.4 = 0.46 t. m

𝑀 𝑛𝑒𝑡 0.46
X = = = 0.087 m
ΣW 5.3

𝐵2 1.1
e = –X = – 0.087 = 0.463 m
2 2
−ΣW 6𝑒 − 5.3 6 × 0.463
𝑓1,2 = [1 ± ] = [1 ± ]
𝐵2 𝐵2 1.1 1.1

𝑓1 = − 16.99 t / 𝑚2 < 𝐹𝐶𝑜 ✓ O. K

𝑓2 = 7.55 t / 𝑚2 < 𝐹𝐶𝑜 ✓ O. K

8 Eng. 2A
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Example (4)

Make a complete design for a cantilever retaining wall having the given data:

Canal bed level = (3.50) Street level = (7.75)

L.W.L. = (5.25) H.W.L. = (5.75)
Angle of internal friction = 30 ̊ Coefficient of friction = 0.55
Allowable stresses for soil = 16 t/ m2 Live load = 1.00 t/m2

Solution

9 Eng. 2A
Eng. 2A
1- Empirical Dimensions:
h = (street level – bed level) + 0.5 m = (7.75 – 3.5) + 0.5 m = 4.75
assume t = 0.3 m
4.75
𝑡𝑓 = 𝑡2 = = 0.475 = 0.5 m
10
H = h + 𝑡𝑓 = 4.75 + 0.5 = 5.25 m
2 2
B = H = × 5.25 = 3.5 = 3.6 m
3 3
𝐵 3.6 2𝐵 2 × 3.6
𝐵1 = = = 1.2 m 𝐵2 = = = 2.4 m
3 3 3 3
2- Loads
a) Vertical Loads
W = A . 𝜸 (ton) X = arm to O 𝑴𝒔𝒕. = W. X
𝑊1 = 0.3 × 4.75 × 2.5= 3.56 𝑋1 = 0.85 3.03
𝑊2 = 0.5 × 0.2 × 4.75 × 2.5 = 1.19 𝑋2 = 1.07 1.27
𝑊3 = 0.5 × 3.6 × 2.5 = 4.5 𝑋3 = 1.8 8.1

𝑊4 = 0.5 × 0.2 × 4.75 × 2 = 0.95 𝑋4 = 1.13 1.07

𝑊5 = 2.4 × 4.75 × 2 = 22.8 𝑋5 = 2.4 m 54.72

Σ W = 33 Σ 𝑀𝑠𝑡. =68.19

b) Horizontal Loads
1 − 𝑆𝑖𝑛 Ø 1 − 𝑆𝑖𝑛 30
𝐾𝑎 = = = 0.33
1 + 𝑆𝑖𝑛 Ø 1 + 𝑆𝑖𝑛 30

𝑒1 = L. L × 𝐾𝑎 = 1 × 0.33 = 0.33 t / 𝑚2
𝑒2 = 𝑒1 + 𝛾𝑑 × ℎ1 × 𝐾𝑎 = 0.33 + 1.8 × 2 × 0.33 = 1.52 t / 𝑚2
𝑒3 = 𝑒2 + 𝛾𝑠𝑢𝑏 × ℎ2 × 𝐾𝑎 + ℎ2 × 𝛾𝑤
𝑒3 = 1.52 + 1.1 × 2.75 × 0.33 + 2.75 × 1 = 5.27 t/𝑚2

10 Eng. 2A
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𝑒4 = 𝑒3 + 𝛾𝑠𝑢𝑏 × ℎ3 × 𝐾𝑎 + ℎ3 × 𝛾𝑤
𝑒4 = 5.27 + 1.1 × 0.5 × 0.33 + 0.5 × 1 = 5.95 t / 𝑚2
E = Area (ton) Y = arm to O 𝑴𝑶𝒗. = E. Y
𝐸1 = 0.33 × 2 = 0.66 𝑌1 = 4.25 2.81

𝐸2 = 0.5 × 2 × (1.52 – 0.33)=1.19 𝑌2 = 3.92 4.66

𝐸3 = 1.152 × 2.75 = 4.18 𝑌3 = 1.88 7.86

𝐸4 = 0.5 × 2.75×(5.27–1.52)=5.16 𝑌4 = 1.42 7.33

𝐸5 = 5.27 × 0.5 = 2.64 𝑌5 = 0.25 0.66

𝐸6 = 0.5 × 0.5 ×(5.95–5.27)= 0.17 𝑌6 = 0.167 0.028

Σ E = 14 Σ 𝑀𝑂𝑣. = 23.35

3- Check Stability
a) Check Overturning
Σ 𝑀𝑠𝑡. 68.19
F. O. S. = = = 2.92 ≥ 1.5 ✓ O. K
Σ 𝑀𝑂𝑣. 23.35
b) Check Sliding
μ ΣW 0.55 × 33
F. O. S. = = = 1.29 < 1.5 X Unsafe use Key
ΣE 14
c) Check Stress
𝑀 𝑛𝑒𝑡 = Σ 𝑀𝑠𝑡. − Σ 𝑀𝑂𝑣. = 68.19 – 23.35 = 44.75 t. m

𝑀 𝑛𝑒𝑡 44.75
X = = = 1.356
ΣW 33
𝐵 3.6 𝐵 2
e = –X = – 1.36 = 0.44 < = = 0.6
2 2 6 6

−ΣW 6𝑒 − 33 6 × 0.44
𝑓1,2 = [1 ± ] = [1 ± ]
𝐵 𝐵 3.6 3.6

𝑓1 = − 15.95 t/𝑚2 > 𝐹𝑏𝑐 = 16 t/𝑚2 ✓O. K

𝑓2 = − 2.38 t / 𝑚2
11 Eng. 2A
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4- Design of Sections

𝑊1 ∖ = 0.5 × 2.5 = 1.25 t/𝑚2

𝑊2 ∖ = 0.5 × 2.5 + 4.75 × 2 = 10.75 t/𝑚2
𝑓1 ∖ = 13.3 𝑓2 ∖ = 11.43 t/𝑚2

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a) Design of Stem

𝑀𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑚 = 0.66 × 3.75 + 1.19 × 3.42 + 4.18 × 1.38 + 5.16 × 0.92 = 17.06 t. m

d = 𝑡2 − Cover = 50 − 5.00 = 45.00 Cm

𝑀𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑚 × 105 17.06 × 105
𝐴𝑆 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑚 = = = 30.09 𝐶𝑚2 ⤇ Use 7 Ø 25 / m
𝐾2 × 𝑑 1260 × 45
b) Design of Toe

𝐿 𝑇𝑜𝑒 = 1.2 – 0.5 = 0.7 m

𝐹1 ∗ = 1.25 × 0.7 = 0.875

𝐹2 ∗ = 13.3 × 0.7 = 9.31

𝐹3 ∗ = 0.5 × ( 15.95 − 13.3) × 0.7 = 0.928

0.7 0.7 2 × 0.7

𝑀𝑇𝑜𝑒 = 0.875 × ( ) − 9.31 × ( ) − 0.928 × ( )
2 2 3
𝑀𝑇𝑜𝑒 = −3.39 t. m

𝑀𝑇𝑜𝑒 × 105 3.39 × 105

𝐴𝑆 𝑇𝑜𝑒 = = = 5.98 𝐶𝑚2 ⤇ Use 6 Ø 12 / m
𝐾2 × 𝑑 1260 × 45
c) Design of heel

𝐿ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑙 = 𝐵2 = 2.4 m

𝐹1 ∗∗ = 10.75 × 2.4 = 25.8

𝐹2 ∗∗ = 2.38 × 2.4 = 5.71

𝐹3 ∗∗ = 0.5 × ( 11.43 − 2.38) × 2.4 = 10.86

2.4 2.4 2.4

𝑀ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑙 = 25.8 × ( ) − 5.71 × ( ) − 10.86 × ( )
2 2 3

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𝑀ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑙 = 15.42 t. m

𝑀ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑙 × 105 15.42 × 105

𝐴𝑆 ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑙 = = = 27.27 𝐶𝑚2 ⤇ Use 6 Ø 25 / m
𝐾2 × 𝑑 1260 × 45
Detailing of R.F.T

14 Eng. 2A
Eng. 2A
Example (1):
R.C. box culvert is designed to pass canal A under Road B (Figure 1). The uniform live
load = 1.00 t/m2 and concentrated live load is 20-ton lorry. The water level is (13.00).
It is required to:
1- Give all hydraulic calculations for the design
2- Calculate the loads that act on the culvert
3- Draw a sectional elevation and H.E.R plan of the designed culvert

Solution
1- Hydraulic Design

Calculation of Q c & Vc :
y = W. L − Bed Level = 13.00 – 11.00 = 2.00 m
Ac = b y + Z y 2 = 5 × 2 + 1.5 × 22 = 16 m2
Assume Vc = 0.5 m⁄sec For canals
Q c = Ac × Vc = 16 × 0.5 = 8 m3 ⁄sec
15 Eng. 2A
Eng. 2A
➢ Calculation of n and dimensions:
(1 ~ 1.5)m
Assume, 𝑉𝑐𝑢𝑙 = (2~3)𝑉𝑐 = (2~3)0.5 =
Sec
take, 𝑉𝑐𝑢𝑙 = 1.5 m/Sec
∴ 𝑄𝑐 = 𝐴𝑐𝑢𝑙 × 𝑉𝑐𝑢𝑙 ∴ 8 = 𝐴𝑐𝑢𝑙 × 1.5 , get ⤇ 𝐴𝑐𝑢𝑙 = 5.33 𝑚2
∴ S = L. W. L − Bed Level − 0.2 = 13.00 – 11.00 – 0.2 = 1.8 m
∴ ACul = n × S 2 ∴ 5.33 = n × 1.82 , get n = 1.47 ⟹ nact = 2
Aculact = nact × S 2 = 2 × 1.82 = 6.48 m2

➢ Check drop of culvert:

∆ = L. W. L − Bed Level − S = 13.00 – 11.00 – 1.80 = 0.2 ≥ 0.2 m
No need for drop
➢ Check velocity in culvert
∵ 𝑄𝑐 = Acul act × 𝑉cul act ∴ 8 = 6.48 × 𝑉cul act

∴ 𝑉cul act = 1.23 m⁄sec (1~2) m⁄sec ✓ O. K

➢ Check heading up:

C𝑠 : Screen losses coefficient

𝑡 4/3 1 4/3
C𝑠 = 𝐶 ( ) . 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 1.79 ( ) × 𝑆𝑖𝑛 60 = 0.18
𝑆 5
Ce : Entrance losses coefficient = 0.30
Cex : Exit losses coefficient = 0.70

Broken-wall

16 Eng. 2A
Eng. 2A
• Cf : friction losses coefficient
𝑆 1.8
m = = = 0.45
4 4
𝑏 0.03
f = a ( 1 + ) = 0.003 (1 + ) = 0.003 (R. C Type)
𝑚 0.45

𝑋1 = (Road Level − Berm Level) × Road slope

𝑋1 = (14.5 – 13.5) × 2 = 2 m

𝑋2 = (0.5 ~3) = 0.5 m

L = Road width + 2 (𝑋1 + 𝑋2 ) = 8 + 2 (2 + 0.5) = 13.00 m

𝑓 .𝐿 0.003 × 13
Cf = = = 0.087
𝑚 0.45

Vculact 2
hL = × (C𝑠 + Ce + Cf + Cex )
2g

1.232
hL = × (0.18 + 0.30 + 0.087 + 0.70)
2 × 9.81

hL = 0.098 < hLall = 0.15 m ✓ O.K

17 Eng. 2A
Eng. 2A
2- Calculation of loads acting on box culvert
1. Vertical Loads:

a) Dead Load

1.80 1.80

Assume t = 0.3 m W1 = Road width = 8.00 m

B = ns + (n+1) t Top level = W.L – 0.2 + t
B = 2 × 1.8 + (2 + 1) × 0.3 = 4.5 m Top level =13.00 – 0.2 + 0.3 = 13.1 m
H = S + 2t d = Road Level – Top Level
H = 1.8 + 2 × 0.3 = 2.4 m d = 14.5 – 13.1 = 1.4 m
𝛾𝑅.𝐶 = 2.5 t/𝑚3 W2 = W1 + d = 8 + 1.4 = 9.4 m

𝑊 + 𝑊
1 ( 𝐵 𝐻 − 𝑛 𝑆 2 ) × 𝛾𝑅.𝐶 ( 1 2 2 × 𝑑) × 𝛾𝑑
𝑔1 = [ ] 𝑔2 = [ ]
2 𝐵 𝑊2

1 ( 4.5 × 2.4 − 2 × 1.82 ) × 2.5

𝑔1 = [ ] 8 + 9.4
2 4.5 ( 2 × 1.4) × 1.8
𝑔2 = [ ]
9.4

𝑔1 = 1.2 t/m 𝑔2 = 2.33 t/m

𝑊𝐷.𝐿 = 𝑔1 + 𝑔2 = 1.2 + 2.33 = 3.53 t/m

18 Eng. 2A
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b) Live Load
1) uniform Live Load
Assume uniform live load L.L = 1 t/𝑚2
L.L = 1 t/m2

𝑊1
𝑃1 = L. L ×
𝑊2
8
𝑃1 = 1 × = 0.85 t/m
9.4

2) Concentrated live load:

20-ton Lorry

𝑏1 = 0.6 m
𝑏2 = 0.2 m
C = 0.9 m
P = 6 ton

𝐵∖ = 𝑏2 + d 𝐴∖ = C + 2 𝑏1 + d
𝐵∖ = 0.2 + 1.4 = 1.60 m < 4.5 m 𝐴∖ = 0.9 + 2 × 0.6 + 1.4 = 3.5 𝑚
2 𝑃 × 1.2 2 × 6 × 1.2
𝑃2 = ∖ ∖
= = 2.57 t/𝑚2
𝐵 .𝐴 3.5 × 1.6

𝑊𝐿.𝐿 = 2.57 t/𝑚2

19 Eng. 2A
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2. Horizontal Loads:

a) Surcharge
Assume, ∅ = 300 L.L = 1 t/m2

1 − 𝑆𝑖𝑛 ∅ 1 − 𝑆𝑖𝑛 30
𝐾𝑎 = = = 0.33
1 + 𝑆𝑖𝑛 ∅ 1 + sin 30
𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟. = L. L × 𝐾𝑎 = 1 × 0.33 = 0.33 t/m

b) dry earth pressure

𝑒1 = 1.8 × 1.4 × 0.33 = 0.832 t/m
𝑒2 = 0.832 + 1.8 × 2.5 × 0.33
𝑒2 = 2.32 t/m
𝑒1 + 𝑒2 0.832 + 2.32
𝑒𝑑.𝑝 = =
2 2
𝑒𝑑.𝑝 = 1.58 t/m

c) Internal Water pressure

ℎ2 = H. W. L – Top Level
ℎ2 = 13.00 − 13.10 = − 0.1 𝑚
𝐻
ℎ𝑤 = ℎ2 +
2
2.4
ℎ𝑤 = −0.1 + = 1.10 𝑚
2
𝑃𝑖 = 𝛾𝑤 × ℎ𝑤 = 1 × 1.10 = 1.1 𝑡/𝑚

20 Eng. 2A
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21 Eng. 2A
 Hydraulic Design of culvert
➢ Calculation of Q c & Vc: ➢ Check drop of culvert:

y = H. W. L − Bed Level ∆ = L. W. L − Bed Level − (S or D) = ??

Ac = b y + Z y 2
If Q c = (given) m3 ⁄sec
Q c = Ac × Vc Q ‫فى حالة كان غير معطي‬
V ‫ يتم فرض ال‬V ‫أو‬ ∆ > 0.2 m (No drop)
V𝑐 = 0.5 m⁄sec

➢ Calculation of n and dimensions:

Assume, 𝑉𝑐𝑢𝑙 = (2~3)𝑉𝑐 = ( 1~2) m/Sec

∴ 𝑄𝑐 = 𝐴𝑐𝑢𝑙 × 𝑉𝑐𝑢𝑙 ,get ⤇ 𝐴𝑐𝑢𝑙 = ____ 𝑚2
∆ < 0.2 m (use drop)

Box Culvert Pipe culvert

S = L. W. L − Bed Level − 0.2 D = L. W. L − Bed Level − 0.2

π
ACul = n × S 2 A Cul = n × × D2 ➢ Check velocity in culvert
4
get, n = ? ? ⟹ nact = ? ? get, n = ? ? ⟹ nact = ? ? 𝑄𝑐 = Acul act × 𝑉cul act

Aculact = nact × S 2 π Get 𝑉cul act = ____ m⁄sec (1~2) m⁄sec

Aculact = nact × × D2
4
get, Aculact = ____ m2 get, Aculact = ____ m2 ➢ Check heading up:

Vculact 2
hL = × (C𝑠 + Ce + Cf + Cex ) < hLall = 0.15 m
2g

Ce = 0.3 & Ce𝑥 = 0.7, Broken wall

𝑡 4/3 1 4/3
C𝑠 = 𝐶 ( ) . 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 1.79 ( ) × 𝑆𝑖𝑛 60 = 0.18
𝑆 5
22
 ‫‪Hydraulic Design of culvert‬‬
‫𝐿‪𝑓 .‬‬ ‫هااااااااااااااااام جداااااا‬
‫= 𝑓‪C‬‬
‫𝑚‬
‫𝑏‬ ‫الخطوات السابقه يتم عملها فى حالة كان غير معطي عدد و أبعاد ال‬
‫) ‪f= a ( 1 +‬‬
‫𝑆‬ ‫𝐷‬ ‫𝑚‬ ‫‪ Culvert‬أما فى حالة كان معطي العدد أو األبعاد يراعي التالى‬
‫‪m = or‬‬ ‫)‪R.C. ………… (a = 0.003 & b = 0.03‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫)‪Steel ……. (a = 0.00457 & b = 0.0256‬‬ ‫‪ )1‬فى حالة كان معطي العدد ‪:‬‬

‫) ‪L = W + 2 (𝑋1 + 𝑋2‬‬ ‫يتم تكررار نفس الخطوات ولكن الفارق فى‬

‫‪Box Culvert‬‬ ‫‪Pipe culvert‬‬
‫‪𝑋1 = (Road Level - Berm Level) × Road slope‬‬ ‫‪π‬‬
‫‪ACul = n × S 2‬‬ ‫‪ACul = n × × D2‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪𝑋2 = 0.5 m‬‬ ‫? ? = ‪get, n = ? ? ⟹ nact‬‬ ‫? ? = ‪get, n = ? ? ⟹ nact‬‬

‫‪Acul act = nact × S 2‬‬ ‫‪π‬‬

‫× ‪Acul act = nact‬‬ ‫‪× D2‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪get, Acul act = ____ m2‬‬ ‫‪get, Acul act‬‬ ‫‪= ____ m2‬‬

‫بمعني ال يتم استخدام هذا القانون‬

‫‪S or D = L. W. L − Bed Level − 0.2‬‬

‫‪ )2‬في حالة كان معطي العدد و األبعاد ‪:‬‬

‫يتم الدخول فى خطوة حساب ال ‪ Aculact‬مباشرة وال يتم عمل الخطوات‬
‫السابقه لها‬

‫‪Box Culvert‬‬ ‫‪Pipe culvert‬‬

‫‪Aculact = 𝑛 × S 2‬‬ ‫‪π‬‬
‫‪Aculact = n × × D2‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪get, Aculact = ____ m2‬‬ ‫‪get, Aculact = ____ m2‬‬

‫‪23‬‬
 Calculation of loads on R.C. Box
1. Vertical Loads: 2) Concentrated live load
a) Dead Load

𝑊𝐷.𝐿 = 𝑔1 + 𝑔2 = _______ t/m

1 ( 𝐵 𝐻−𝑛 𝑆 2 )×𝛾𝑅.𝐶 𝑊1 + 𝑊2
× 𝑑)×𝛾𝑑
𝑔1 = [ ] 𝑔 = [( 2
]
2 𝐵 2 𝑊2

• B = ns + (n+1) t • W1 = Road width

• H = S + 2t • W2 = W1 + d
• t = 0.3 m , assumed d = (from scale) “Syphon” 𝐵∖ = 𝑏2 + d 𝐴∖ = C + 2 𝑏1 + d
• 𝛾𝑅.𝐶 = 2.5 t/𝑚3 d = Road L.– Top L. “Culvert”
2 𝑃 × 1.2
𝑃2 =
𝐵 ∖ . 𝐴∖
Top Level = L.W.L – 0.2 + t
𝑊𝐿.𝐿 = max. of ( 𝑃1 & 𝑃2 )
20-ton Lorry 60-ton Lorry
𝑏1 = 0.6 m 𝑏1 = 0.6 m
𝑏2 = 0.2 m 𝑏2 = 0.2 m
C = 0.9 m C = 1.4 m
P = 6 ton P = 10 ton

b) Live Load
1) Uniform live load
𝑊1
𝑃1 = L. L ×
𝑊2
𝑃1 = __________t/m

24
 Calculation of loads on R.C. Box
2. Horizontal Loads: Q c & Vc ‫هناك أكثر من فكرة لحساب ال‬
a) Surcharge
1) If Q c = (given) m3 ⁄sec
Assume Ø = 300 Q c = Ac × Vc
1 − 𝑆𝑖𝑛 Ø Get: Vc = ____ m⁄sec
𝐾𝑎 =
1 + sin Ø
2) If n = (given) < 1
𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟. = L. L × 𝐾𝑎 = _____ t/m n: manning or roughness coefficient
b) dry earth pressure S = (given) cm⁄km
S: longitudinal slope
𝑒1 = 𝛾𝑑 . d . 𝐾𝑎
∴ pc = b + 2y√Z 2 + 1 = _____ m
𝑒2 = 𝑒1 + 𝛾𝑑 . H . 𝐾𝑎 Ac
∴R= = _____ m
𝑒1 + 𝑒2 pc
𝑒𝑑.𝑝 = 1
2
∴ Vc = × R2/3 × (S × 10−5 )0.5
n
Get: Vc = ____ m⁄sec
c) Internal Water pressure ∴ Q c = Ac × Vc
Top Level = canal bed L. – 0.5 m Get: Q c = _____ m3 ⁄sec

ℎ2 = H. W. L – top Level 3) If A.S & W.D = (given)

𝐻
A.S: Area Served (feddan)
ℎ𝑤 = ℎ2 +
2 W.D: Water duty (m3 ⁄/feddan/day
A. S × W. D
𝑃𝑖 = 𝛾𝑤 × ℎ𝑤 Qc =
24 × 60 × 60
Q c = Ac × Vc
Get: Vc = ____ m⁄sec
25
 Design of Steel Pipe (thickness)
1. Calculation of loads 2. Live Load
1) Uniform live load
I. Vertical Loads: 𝑊1
𝑃1 = L. L ×
𝑊2

1. Dead Load 𝑃2 = __________t/m

𝑊𝐷.𝐿 = 𝑔1 + 𝑔2 = _______ t/m

𝜋 2 2
1 ( 4 ×(𝐷1 −𝐷2 )×𝛾𝑠𝑡.
𝑊 +𝑊
( 1 2 2 × 𝑑)×𝛾𝑑 2) Concentrated live load
𝑔1 = [ ] 𝑔2 = [ ]
2 𝐷1 𝑊2

• W1 = Road width
• 𝐷2 = D
• W2 = W1 + d
• t =0.03 m ,assumed
d = (from scale) “Syphon”
• 𝐷1 = D + 2 t
d = Road L.– Top L. “Culvert”
• 𝛾𝑠𝑡 = 7.85 t/𝑚3
Top Level = L.W.L – 0.2 + t
𝐵∖ = 𝑏2 + d 𝐴∖ = C + 2 𝑏1 + d
2 𝑃 × 1.2
𝑃2 =
𝐵 ∖ . 𝐴∖

24 ‫ كما فى الصفحه‬P, C, , 𝑏1 , 𝑏2 ‫يتم تحديد قيم‬

𝑊𝐿.𝐿 = max. of ( 𝑃1 & 𝑃2 )

26
 Design of Steel Pipe (thickness)
II. Horizontal Loads: 𝑁𝑚𝑎𝑥. × 103 𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥. × 105 𝑡
𝑓𝑚𝑎𝑥 = + .
100 𝑡 100 𝑡 3 2
a) Surcharge 12
Assume, Ø = 300 Get, t = ______ Cm
1 − 𝑆𝑖𝑛 Ø 3. Check Internal Water pressure
𝐾𝑎 =
1 + sin Ø
Top Level = Canal bed L – 0.5 m
𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟. = L.L × 𝐾𝑎 = _________ t/m
ℎ2 = H. W. L – top Level
𝐷
b) dry earth pressure ℎ𝑤 = ℎ2 +
2
𝑃𝑖 = 𝛾𝑤 × ℎ𝑤
𝑒1 = 𝛾𝑑 × d × 𝐾𝑎 𝐷
T = 𝑃𝑖 ×
𝑒2 = 𝑒1 + 𝛾𝑑 . D . 𝐾𝑎 2

𝑒1 + 𝑒2 𝑇 × 103
𝑒𝑑.𝑝 = 𝑓𝑠 = = ? Kg/C𝑚2 < 𝑓𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1400 Kg/C𝑚2
100 t
2
2. Calculations of thickness

W = 𝑊𝐷.𝐿 + 𝑊𝐿.𝐿 e = 𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟. + 𝑒𝑑.𝑝

𝐷 𝐷2
𝑁𝑚𝑎𝑥. = W × 𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥. = (W – e) ×
2 16

𝑁𝑚𝑎𝑥. × 103 𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥. × 105

𝑓𝑚𝑎𝑥 = + .𝑌
𝐴 𝐼𝑥

27