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    URBAN MODEL ANALYSIS

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    Kyell Remolacio
    The document presents an analysis of urban models, specifically the Concentric Zone Model by Burgess and the Sector Model by Hoyt, highlighting their frameworks for understanding urban land use and socio-economic segregation. The Concentric Zone Model describes urban development in concentric circles, while the Sector Model suggests cities expand in wedges influenced by transportation routes. Both models have limitations in contemporary contexts and should be integrated with other urban theories for effective urban planning and development.

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    URBAN MODEL ANALYSIS

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    Kyell Remolacio
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    The document presents an analysis of urban models, specifically the Concentric Zone Model by Burgess and the Sector Model by Hoyt, highlighting their frameworks for understanding urban land use and socio-economic segregation. The Concentric Zone Model describes urban development in concentric circles, while the Sector Model suggests cities expand in wedges influenced by transportation routes. Both models have limitations in contemporary contexts and should be integrated with other urban theories for effective urban planning and development.

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    The document presents an analysis of urban models, specifically the Concentric Zone Model by Burgess and the Sector Model by Hoyt, highlighting their frameworks for understanding urban land use and socio-economic segregation. The Concentric Zone Model describes urban development in concentric circles, while the Sector Model suggests cities expand in wedges influenced by transportation routes. Both models have limitations in contemporary contexts and should be integrated with other urban theories for effective urban planning and development.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    2 views6 pages

    URBAN MODEL ANALYSIS

    Uploaded by

    Kyell Remolacio
    The document presents an analysis of urban models, specifically the Concentric Zone Model by Burgess and the Sector Model by Hoyt, highlighting their frameworks for understanding urban land use and socio-economic segregation. The Concentric Zone Model describes urban development in concentric circles, while the Sector Model suggests cities expand in wedges influenced by transportation routes. Both models have limitations in contemporary contexts and should be integrated with other urban theories for effective urban planning and development.

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    DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY – DASMARIÑAS

    COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE AND TECHNOLOGY

    B.S. ARCHITECTURE PROGRAM

    2nd SEMESTER SY 2023-2024

    T-ARCH422 -
    PLANNING 3: INTRODUCTION TO
    URBAN REGIONAL PLANNING

    Urban Models Analysis

    SUBMITTED BY:
    REMOLACIO, MIKAELA KYELL
    201621541
    ARC41

    SUBMITTED TO:
    ARCH. CARMELA QUIZANA

    DATE OF SUBMISSION:
    April 22, 2024

    1
    DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY – DASMARIÑAS

    COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE AND TECHNOLOGY

    B.S. ARCHITECTURE PROGRAM

    2nd SEMESTER SY 2023-2024

    I. Concentric Zone Model (Burgess, 1925)


    The Concentric Zone Model by Burgess is a descriptive urban land use
    model that divides cities into concentric circles expanding from downtown to
    the suburbs. This model was developed based on Burgess's observations of
    several American cities, notably Chicago, and provides a simple yet elegant
    explanation of urban development and socio-economic segregation.

    Figure 1: Concentric Zone Model applied to Chicago of 1920s (Park and Burgess
    [1925] 1984:149)

    In the Concentric Zone Model, a large city is divided into six concentric
    zones, each with distinct characteristics based on socio-economic status and
    land use:
    1. Central Business District (CBD): This is the heart of the city, where
    most tertiary employment is located, and urban transport infrastructure
    converges, making this zone the most accessible.
    2. Factory Zone: Immediately adjacent to the CBD, this zone houses
    many industrial activities that take advantage of nearby labor and markets.
    Most transport terminals, such as ports and railyards, are also located adjacent
    to the central area.
    3. Working-Class Zone: This zone is gradually being reconverted to other
    uses by expanding manufacturing/industrial activities. It contains the poorest
    segment of the urban population, notably first-generation immigrants living in
    low-cost housing.

    2
    DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY – DASMARIÑAS

    COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE AND TECHNOLOGY

    B.S. ARCHITECTURE PROGRAM

    2nd SEMESTER SY 2023-2024

    4. Residential Zone: Dominated by the working class, this zone


    represents a low-cost housing option for those employed in zones I and II.
    5. Commuter Zone: This zone offers higher quality housing but comes
    with longer commuting costs. Before the mass diffusion of the automobile, most
    of these settlements were located next to rail stations.
    6. High-Class Residential Zone: This zone features mainly high-class and
    expensive housing in rural, suburbanized settings, with the highest commuting
    costs.
    The Concentric Zone Model is useful for understanding concentric urban
    development and explaining urban growth in American cities in the early-mid
    20th century. However, it has been criticized for being too simple and limited
    in a historical and cultural urban context, as it was developed when American
    cities were growing rapidly, and most people used public transit. Additionally,
    the model was developed for American cities and had limited applicability
    elsewhere, as pre-industrial cities, notably in Europe, did not follow the
    concentric circles model.
    In summary, the Concentric Zone Model by Burgess provides a basic
    framework for understanding urban land use and socio-economic segregation
    in American cities during the early-mid 20th century. However, its applicability
    in contemporary urban contexts and other cultural settings is limited, and it
    should be considered in conjunction with other urban development theories to
    gain a more comprehensive understanding of urbanization processes.
    The Concentric Zone Model by Burgess, with its concentric rings
    representing different socio-economic zones, significantly influences
    transportation planning and accessibility to amenities in urban areas. The
    model's structure impacts commuting patterns and infrastructure
    development, with varying distances and modes of transportation used by
    residents in different zones. Inner zones closer to the Central Business District
    (CBD) may have better access to a wider range of amenities, while outer
    commuter zones might rely more on cars due to longer distances. This
    distribution of amenities and services influences the development of
    transportation infrastructure, such as highways, public transit systems, or bike
    lanes, to facilitate movement between zones. Understanding these dynamics is
    crucial for effective urban planning and development, as planners can
    strategically locate amenities and services based on the predicted population
    distribution within each zone, optimizing the provision of services and facilities
    to meet the diverse needs of residents across different socio-economic zones.

    3
    DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY – DASMARIÑAS

    COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE AND TECHNOLOGY

    B.S. ARCHITECTURE PROGRAM

    2nd SEMESTER SY 2023-2024

    II. Sector Model (Hoyt, 1939)


    The Hoyt Sector Model, proposed by economist Homer Hoyt in 1939, is
    a modification of the concentric zone model of city development. It suggests
    that cities expand in sectors or wedges from the urban core, with high-rent,
    middle-rent, and low-rent districts radiating outward along these sectors,
    primarily governed by the city's transportation arteries. The model has been
    influential in understanding residential development patterns along economic
    lines and has implications for urban planning, including zoning and
    infrastructure development.
    However, the model has not been without critique. Critics argue that the
    Hoyt Sector Model oversimplifies the intricate dynamics of urban growth,
    neglecting the sway of political, cultural, and technological vicissitudes on city
    landscapes. Furthermore, the model's applicability to cities beyond the United
    States, particularly those with distinct historical and geographical contexts, has
    been questioned. The ascendance of global cities, strides in technology, and
    shifts in socio-economic terrain necessitate more adaptive and flexible
    approaches to urban planning.
    In modern urban planning contexts, the Hoyt Sector Model can still
    provide valuable insights into the socio-economic impetuses propelling urban
    expansion and the spatial distribution of land use. However, given the mutable
    nature of cities and the increasing complexity and heterogeneity of urban
    landscapes, planners should approach the model with a discerning eye,
    integrating its foundational tenets with contemporary urban theories to
    navigate the exigencies of modern urbanization more adeptly. By doing so,
    planners can foster more equitable and sustainable development for posterity.

    Figure 2: Sector Model by Hoyt

    4
    DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY – DASMARIÑAS

    COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE AND TECHNOLOGY

    B.S. ARCHITECTURE PROGRAM

    2nd SEMESTER SY 2023-2024

    The Hoyt Sector Model, proposed by Homer Hoyt in 1939, suggests that
    cities expand in sectors or wedges from the urban core, primarily influenced by
    transportation arteries. This model can be leveraged to promote efficient land
    use and transportation networks by considering several factors. First, the model
    highlights the importance of transportation routes in shaping industrial and
    residential districts, which can guide the development of transportation
    infrastructure and optimize accessibility and connectivity within the city.
    Second, the model's emphasis on socio-economic stratification can inform the
    development of policies addressing disparities in urban development, ensuring
    equitable access to resources and amenities. Third, understanding the
    distribution of high-rent, middle-rent, and low-rent districts can aid in making
    informed decisions regarding zoning and infrastructure development, ensuring
    that infrastructure and public amenities are strategically placed to serve the
    needs of the community. Fourth, recognizing the complexity of urban spatial
    structures by integrating the Hoyt Sector Model with other urban theories, such
    as the multiple nuclei model, can lead to more nuanced approaches to land use
    and transportation planning. Finally, hybrid models, such as those developed
    by Isard (1956), can provide a more comprehensive understanding of urban
    land use patterns by considering the concentric effect of central locations and
    the radial effect of transport corridors. By incorporating the strengths of
    multiple approaches, planners can better navigate the intricacies of modern
    urbanization and foster more equitable and sustainable development for
    posterity.

    5
    DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY – DASMARIÑAS

    COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE AND TECHNOLOGY

    B.S. ARCHITECTURE PROGRAM

    2nd SEMESTER SY 2023-2024

    References:
    Burgess Concentric Zone Model - AP Human Geography. (n.d.).

    https://www.varsitytutors.com/ap_human_geography-help/burgess-concentric-zone-

    model

    Concentric Zone Model: Definition & Example | StudySmarter. (n.d.). StudySmarter UK.

    https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/human-geography/urban-

    geography/concentric-zone-model/

    PapersOwl. (2024, March 25). Urbanization Patterns unfolded: Understanding the Hoyt

    Sector model. PapersOwl.com. https://papersowl.com/examples/urbanization-

    patterns-unfolded-understanding-the-hoyt-sector-model/

    Simply Psychology. (2024, February 13). Concentric Zone model by Ernest Burgess.

    https://www.simplypsychology.org/burgess-concentric-zone-model.html

    Team, A. (2022, March 1). Hoyt Sector Model: AP® Human Geography Crash Course |

    Albert.io. Albert Resources. https://www.albert.io/blog/hoyt-sector-model-ap-human-

    geography-crash-course/

    The Burgess Urban Land Use Model | The Geography of Transport Systems. (2023, March

    27). The Geography of Transport Systems | the Spatial Organization of Transportation

    and Mobility. https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter8/urban-land-use-

    transportation/burgess-land-use/

    Urban land use patterns and models. (2019, March 12). GeographyCaseStudy.Com.

    https://geographycasestudy.com/urban-land-use-patterns-and-models/

    Wikipedia contributors. (2024, February 16). Sector model. Wikipedia.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sector_model

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