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    IMMUNOTHERAPY

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    Jayalakshmi JR
    Immunotherapy is a cancer treatment that modifies the immune response to target tumor cells, classified into activation and suppression types. Common methods include monoclonal antibodies, T cell therapy, cytokines, oncolytic virus therapy, and cancer vaccines. Gene therapy, another experimental approach, involves introducing modified genes to inhibit or replace cancerous genes in the patient's cells.

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    IMMUNOTHERAPY

    Uploaded by

    Jayalakshmi JR
    15 views29 pages
    Immunotherapy is a cancer treatment that modifies the immune response to target tumor cells, classified into activation and suppression types. Common methods include monoclonal antibodies, T cell therapy, cytokines, oncolytic virus therapy, and cancer vaccines. Gene therapy, another experimental approach, involves introducing modified genes to inhibit or replace cancerous genes in the patient's cells.

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    Immunotherapy is a cancer treatment that modifies the immune response to target tumor cells, classified into activation and suppression types. Common methods include monoclonal antibodies, T cell therapy, cytokines, oncolytic virus therapy, and cancer vaccines. Gene therapy, another experimental approach, involves introducing modified genes to inhibit or replace cancerous genes in the patient's cells.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    15 views29 pages

    IMMUNOTHERAPY

    Uploaded by

    Jayalakshmi JR
    Immunotherapy is a cancer treatment that modifies the immune response to target tumor cells, classified into activation and suppression types. Common methods include monoclonal antibodies, T cell therapy, cytokines, oncolytic virus therapy, and cancer vaccines. Gene therapy, another experimental approach, involves introducing modified genes to inhibit or replace cancerous genes in the patient's cells.

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    IMMUNOTHERAPY

    IMMUNOTHERAPY
    •Immunotherapy is also called biological
    therapy/ Targeted therapy
    •Is defined as a treatment of cancer by inducing,
    enhancing or suppressing an immune response
    TYPES OF IMMUNOTHERAPY
    • Immunotherapy designed to elicit or amplify an
    immune response are classified as ACTIVATION
    IMMUNOTHERAPY
    • Immunotherapy that reduces or suppress are
    classified as SUPPRESSION IMMUNOTHERAPY
    COMMON IMMUNOTHERAPY USED
    IN CANCER

    Activation
    immunotherapy
    CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY
    Activation Immunotherapy
    •Directs the immune system to attack tumor
    cells
    •By the use of injection of artificial
    monoclonal antibodies, T cells, oncolytic
    virus, cancer vaccines, and cytokines
    ACTION OF ACTIVATION
    IMMUNOTHERAPY

    Boost up the
    Arrest the Stop the immune
    growth of spread of response of
    cancer cell cancer cell the patient’s
    body
    METHODS OF ACTIVATION
    IMMUNOTHERAPY
    INJECTION AVAILABLE FOR
    IMMUNOTHERAPY
    Monoclonal antibodies
    T cell therapy
    Cytokines
    Oncolytic virus therapy
    Cancer vaccines
    MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
    • Artificially produced monoclonal antibodies
    are injected to patient’s body
    • Leads to the destruction of cancer cell
    • These are administered as..IV/ IM
    • Eg. Injection Lanivimab/ Etsevimab
    T CELL THERAPY
    • Genetically modified T cell injections are
    administered to increase the count of T cell in a
    patient’s body to fight against cancer cells.
    CYTOKINES
    • Interferons and interleukins are genetically
    prepared and injected to patients body to destroy
    the cancer cells
    • IV/ oral/ topical application
    ONCOLYTIC VIRUS THERAPY
    •These are genetically modified viruses used to
    kill cancer
    •E.G IV herpes simplex virus
    •The virus donot enter the healthy cells
    •Viruses donot cause infection
    CANCER VACCINES
    • Cancer vaccines/ biological response modifiers
    • Genetically modified vaccines which are used to stimulate the
    body’s immune response.
    • Eg. GENE B Vaccines for Preventing Ca Breast
    • HPV –Human Papilloma virus vaccine—Ca Cervix
    BCG VACCINES
    • BCG—bacillus calmette guerin
    • Uses mycobacterium bovis to destroy the cancer
    cell
    • Esp done in bladder cancer
    • It is directly instilled into the bladder via urinary
    catheter
    GENE THERAPY
    DEFINITION
    • An experimental technique that involves the
    introduction of artificial genes in treating cancer
    The therapy includes introduction of ONCOGENE
    INHIBITION GENE or HEALTHY GENE into patient’s
    bone marrow.
    APPROACHES
    IDENTIFY THE MUTATED GENE—Biogenetics

    GENE INHIBITION

    GENE AUGMENTATION
    GENE INHIBITION
    •MODIFIED INHIBITION GENE is inserted
    to patient’s body
    •This gene will suppress the action of
    oncogenes
    •Thus reducing the growth of cancer
    GENE AUGMENTATION
    •Used to replace the cancer cells

    •MODIFIED HEALTHY GENE is inserted

    into patient’s body cell to replace the cancer

    gene.
    TYPES OF GENE THERAPY

    Germ Somatic
    line gene
    gene therapy
    therapy
    GERM LINE GENE THERAPY

    • Transfer of healthy gene to CELLS THAT PRODUCE


    EGGS OR SPERMS
    • No cancer cells are inherited to next generations
    • Only healthy cells are transferred to next generations
    SOMATIC GENE THERAPY
    • Transfer of healthy genes to any CELLS
    OTHER THAN GERM CELLS
    • Cancer cells may be transferred to next
    generations
    • There are 2 types of somatic gene therapy
    • ---IN-VIVO and Ex VIVO
    TYPES OF SOMATIC GENE
    TRANSFER
    • IN VIVO GENE THERAPY:
    Genes are altered within the patients body by the injections of
    healthy gene isotopes
    • EX VIVO GENE THERAPY:
    Genes are modified outside the body( in the genetic lab) and
    then transferred to human cells using vectors(viral and non
    viral)
    VECTORS USED IN EX VIVO GENE
    THERAPY
    A. VIRAL VECTORS---

    • Genes are placed inside the capsules of virus


    • Eg. Adeno virus, lentivirus, alpha virus
    • These are genetically altered viruses so it will not cause any
    infection
    • These viral genes are injected to patients bone marrow cells
    CONT..
    B. Non viral vectors:
    • Genes are transported by using specialized
    devices like electro gun hydrodynamic injection
    directly to patient's bone marrow cells
    GENE GUN
    NURSING MANAGEMENT—BEFORE ADVANCED
    THERAPY
    • Pre panel evaluation to assess the clinical condition of the patient
    • Physical and clinical assessment should be done with out any delay(blood
    investigation, RFT, LFT, PFT, ECG, ECHO, X RAY, DOPPLER, USG)
    • Virology assessment
    • Psychological and financial support
    • Informed consent
    • Patient teaching
    • General preparation for surgery
    NURSING MANAGEMENT –DURING ADVANCED THERAPY
    • Skilled nursing care is required
    • Patient will be admitted in transplant ICU
    • Patient will be on severe immuno-compromised state, will be on immunosuppressive
    therapy
    • Enhance strict aseptic technique
    • Monitor and control bleeding
    • Initiate IV line and CBD care during every shift
    • Minimize the staff entering the transplant unit
    • Monitor cardiac, pulmonic and renal status and allergic reaction
    • Hydrate the patient as indicated
    • Adm analgesics, antibiotics, and corticosteroids as per order
    NURSING MANAGEMENT –POST ADVANCED
    THERAPY
    • Ongoing nursing assessment is required
    • Monitor cardiac, pulmonary, renal status every hourly
    • Specially assess for confusion, hypotension, nausea, skin irritation and dyspnea
    • Minimize the entry of staff
    • Relatives and bystanders should not be allowed inside or near to the patient, they can
    see through the cabin wall or through the video
    • Instruct to maintain the strict aseptic technique
    • IV lines and CBD care every shift
    • Cleansing of unit equipment during every shift
    • Maintenance of personal hygiene
    • Maintenance of nutritional status and hydration status
    • Correction of electrolytes

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