Ch-1 Introduction Ex Physiology pdf

COLLEGE OF NATURAL & COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF SPORT SCIENCE

EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY
COMPILED BY ; TEKLU ESHETU
DECEMBER, 2021
DIRE DAWA , ETHIOPIA

Introduction Exercise Physiology
• In old times humans used to work hard and hence were doing
intense body exercise.
• Modernization – improved life style
• Due to modernization we don’t do physical work and hence
we need to make regular physical exercise.
• Exercise: is a repeated rhythmic movements given to body
parts to keep it healthy and develop the body parts.
• Physiology- is study of normal function of human body
Intro……
Exercise physiology: is the science of functional changes brought

about by a single or repeated programmed exercise sessions.
Exercise physiology- is part of physiology which studies about
the effects of exercise on human body.
 Specifically, Exercise physiology is concerned with the body’s
responses and adaptations to exercise or exercise stress ranging from
the system to subcellular levels.
Intro…
 These responses include changes in metabolism and in physiology of

different areas of the body like the heart, lungs, and muscles, and
structural changes in cells.
 And effects include the responses of muscular system, the action of the
nervous system during physical activity, the adjustments of the
respiratory system and the dynamics of the cardiovascular system.
 These modifications can be short-term (acute effect), that is, lasting
only for the duration of the activity, or long-term(chronic effect),
present as long as the activity is continued on a regular basis on all
aspects of body functioning.
Intro….
Acute exercises effects: are sudden and immediate e.g. when

you start jog, the system in your body (cardiovascular,
respiratory, nervous, endocrine, etc) immediately respond with
acute changes (e.g., increased heart rate and breathing rate)
Chronic exercise effects: are gradual and long term : if you jog
regularly the stress is placed upon the body chronically and the
body’s system respond over time with long term physiological
adaptations.
Intro…
Knowledge of exercise Physiology is essential to the practitioner.
The field of exercise physiology provides the practitioner with a
wealth of information to guide his or her endeavours.
Practitioners, whether they are teachers in a school or non-school
setting, coaches, or fitness leaders or exercise physiologist
employed in a commercial or corporate fitness centre, must
understand the responses of the body to exercise.
The knowledge of principles governing the different types of training
programs and organization of the guidelines to be followed in
constructing an exercise prescription will enable the practitioner to
design exercise programs to meet the individual’s needs and goals.
Why Study It?
1. Understand how the basic physiological functioning of the

human body is modified by various types of exercise as well
as the mechanisms causing these changes.
2. Understand the process of adaptations b/c it will be specific to
the training program used.
3. Provide quality fitness programming and physical education
programs in schools that stimulate children and adolescents both
physically and intellectually.
 To become lifelong exercisers, individuals need to understand how
physical activity can benefit them, why they take physical fitness
tests, and what to do with fitness test results.
4. Apply the results of scientific research to maximize health,
rehabilitation, and/or athletic performance in a variety of
subpopulations.
5. Respond accurately to questions and advertising claims, as well as
recognize myths and misconceptions regarding exercise. Good
advice should be based on scientific evidence.
Historical Development
 Exercise physiology enjoys a rich historical past filled with engaging

story important discoveries in anatomy , physiology and medicine
 The current academic discipline of exercise physiology emerged from
the influences of several traditional field primarily anatomy, physiology,
and medicine.
 Each of these disciplines uniquely contributes to our understanding
human structure and function in health and disease.
 The origins of exercise physiology begin with the influential Greek
physicians of antiquity. Scholars in the United States and Nordic countries
(particularly Denmark and Sweden) fostered the scientific assessment of
sport and exercise as a respectable field of inquiry
Cont…
Specialized area of study mid 1960s and 1970s.
Late 1800s, the use of anthropometry to measure
changes in students’ development after training
programs.
McKenzie: Investigating effects of exercise on various
systems of the body and the idea of preventative
medicine (early 1900s)
After WWII: increased interest in fitness as a result of youth
fitness tests and the results of the physicals of men in the
military.
Cont…
1968 – Dr. Kenneth H. Cooper promotes aerobic exercise
and its contribution to health; publishes Aerobics
1970s: American Physiological Society recognized exercise
physiology as a specialized area of physiology.
1974: ACSM: Guidelines for Graded Exercise Testing and
Prescription
1980s and 1990s: Understanding of the relationship
between physical activity and health.
1996:Surgeon General’s Report Physical Activity & Health
2000: 1st certification exams for Clinical Exercise
Physiologists
The basis of study in exercise physiology
In this century, scientists have amassed considerable new knowledge

about physical activity so that exercise physiology is now a separate
academic field of study with the biological sciences.
Exercise physiology as an academic discipline consists of three distinct
components:
1. Body of knowledge built on facts and theories derived from research
2. Formal course of study in institutions of higher learning
3. Professional preparation of practitioners and future investigators and
leaders in the field
Areas of Study
Effects of various exercises on various systems of the body
Relationship of energy metabolism to performance
Effectiveness of training programs
Effects of environmental factors on performance
Identification of factors that limit performance
Effectiveness of various rehabilitation programs
Ergogenic aids and exercise
Health and therapeutic effects associated with exercise
Effects of nutrition on performance
What do exercise physiologist do?
1. Exercise leader: must know about physical fitness (including basic
motivation an counselling techniques) for healthy individuals and
those with cardiovascular and pulmonary disease
2. Health/fitness instructor:
 demonstrate physical fitness testing, designing and executing
exercise programs, leading exercise and operating fitness facilities
 Training or supervising exercise leaders during an exercise program
 Serving as an exercise leader
 Function as Health counsellor to offer multiple intervention
strategies for lifestyle change
Cont’d,….
3. health/fitness director
4. Exercise test technologist:
administer exercise tests to individuals in good health and
various states of illness.
Demonstrate appropriate knowledge of functional anatomy,
exercise physiology
Know how to recognize contradictions to testing during
preliminary screening, administer tests, record data and
communicate test results to other health professional
Cont’d,…..
5. Preventive /rehabilitative exercise specialist
Particularly healthy individuals and those with cardiovascular
and pulmonary diseases
Conducts and administers exercises tests, evaluates and
interprets clinical data and formulates exercise prescriptions

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COLLEGE OF NATURAL & COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF SPORT SCIENCE

COMPILED BY ; TEKLU ESHETU

DIRE DAWA , ETHIOPIA

Exercise physiology: is the science of functional changes brought

 These responses include changes in metabolism and in physiology of

Acute exercises effects: are sudden and immediate e.g. when

1. Understand how the basic physiological functioning of the

 Exercise physiology enjoys a rich historical past filled with engaging

In this century, scientists have amassed considerable new knowledge

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