CONSTIPATION_examm_of_scientific[2]

CONSTIPATION
Scientific writing document
Amoud University Health Collage Science
Department of medicine
Individual Exam Prep By: Ubah Osman Mohamed
11-july-2024, Thursday
Contents
Acknowledgement...............................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................3
OVERVIEW........................................................................................................3
Causes of constipation.........................................................................................4
Evaluation of constipation....................................................................................5
Management and treatment................................................................................5
Pharmacologic Treatment................................................................................5
Conclusion............................................................................................................6
Acknowledgement
First and foremost, I would like to thank the University of Amoud
for giving me this learning opportunity that helped me to develop
valuable life lessons of research, scientific writing, perseverance,
cooperation, and most of all, the endless pursuit of knowledge.
Lastly, my thanks go to all the people who have supported me to
complete the research work directly or indirectly.
INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEW
(2024.Htm, n.d.)Constipation is a disorder in the gastrointestinal

tract, which can result in the infrequent stools, difficult stool
passage with pain and stiffness. Constipation is a symptom and,
like all symptoms, it is difficult to define. It is a common symptom
for one in twenty-five of over 1000 people interviewed at their
work considered themselves to be constipated. It is interesting,
however, to analyses what these people meant by the term. About
half of them had fewer than five bowel actions a week, a small
proportion described their stools as hard but had a bowel action on
most days and over a third had a daily bowel action with a stool of
normal consistency (Connell et al., 19. (Con2.Pdf, n.d.)Senses in
which patients use the term 'constipation' These findings are
supported by clinical experience that patients complaining of
constipation may mean different things by the term. (555.Htm,
n.d.)The frequency of their bowel actions may be less than
'normal', their stools may be difficult to pass, or they may have a
sense of malaise or abdominal discomfort which they attribute to a
'sluggish bowel', though the stool frequency and consistency are
apparently normal. It is important, therefore, to find out exactly
what constipation means to each patient. (Van Der Schoot et al.,
2022)There are recognizable clinical causes of decreased bowel
frequency and of difficulty in passing the stools. In most cases,
however, no clinical cause is apparent and it is then important to
decide whether a functional abnormality is present or whether the
main problem is one of education and reassurance.
the literature reviews

(Forootan et al., 2018)In this regard, we aimed to perform an
integrative review of the literature to provide a better
understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic constipation.
(MSEd, 2020)As a matter of fact, appropriate understanding of
this disease can play a key role in managing disease and planning
better treatments. (MSEd, 2020)The main sources selected from
bibliographic databases include PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct,
and Google Scholar, etc. (Journal2022.Htm, n.d.-a)Details of the
keywords were applied to find the best resources.
Prevalence and risk factors of constipation (Erhardt et al., 2023)The

definition of constipation is different among studies, where most studies
are based on a questionnaire and may result from an organic condition.
Overall, the average prevalence of constipation in adults has been
estimated as 16% worldwide (varies between 0.7% and 79%); whereas the
prevalence of 33.5% was attributed to adults aged 60 to 110 years. This
heterogeneous condition is correlated with the patient quality of life,[4]
and healthcare resource consumption.[5] The prevalence of constipation
in Iran ranged from 1.4% to 37%, while the prevalence of functional
constipation was determined as 24.2%.[7] Epidemiological studies have
revealed that high prevalence of chronic constipation is associated with
age progression, as far as we know.
Causes of constipation
(Hsieh, 2021)Pathogenesis is multifactorial with focusing on the type of
diet, genetic predisposition, colonic motility, and absorption, as well as
behavioral, biological, and pharmaceutical factors. Furthermore, low fiber
dietary intake, inadequate water intake, sedentary lifestyle, irritable bowel
syndrome (IBS), failure to respond to urge to defecate, and slow transit
have been revealed to be associated with predisposition. Diseases and
conditions as secondary cause of constipation Mechanical cause of
constipation: colon, rectal, or anal stricture, megacolon rectocele,
intestinal pseudo-obstruction, injured tissues, diverticulosis, and abnormal
narrowing of the intestine or rectum.
Evaluation of constipation
Evaluation of constipation begins with detailed history and physical
examination, including an adequate visual and digital anal examination.
Diagnostic testing for constipation is not routinely recommended early on
in the absence of alarm signs. Diagnostic testing is often targeted at
symptoms or signs elicited in the history or physical that suggest an
organic process and should be employed if the information gained is apt
to alter treatment. Not all patients require the same diagnostic approach.
Management and treatment
Nonpharmacologic Treatments
(Treatment2.Htm, n.d.) A stool diary may be helpful for some patients to

record the nature of the complaint in terms of stool frequency,
consistency, size, and degree of straining. Many patients incorrectly
believe that they need to have a bowel movement every day; counseling
on simple lifestyle changes may improve their perception of bowel
regularity. Most importantly, patients should be educated on recognizing
and responding to the urge to defecate.
Pharmacologic Treatment
(Journal2022.Htm, n.d.-b)If a medication or a medical condition is the
cause of constipation, eliminating the offending medication or treating the
underlying medical condition may relieve the constipation. A systematic
review found that increased fiber intake and the use of laxatives improved
the frequency of bowel movements compared with placebo in adults.
However, the data concerning the superiority of individual treatments
were inconclusive because of the limited number of studies, small sample
size, or methodologic flaw. There also are limited data about long-term
benefits and risks of laxatives and fiber preparations. The formulations,
dosages, and costs of commonly used laxatives, stool softeners, and prokinetic
agents. There are no evidence-based guidelines on the preferred order of
using different types of laxatives; however,(Treatment of Constipation,
2022) the AGA has developed a treatment algorithm for patients with
functional, normal transit constipation. sometimes can be managed by
surgical intervention.
Conclusion
Constipation is a very common problem worldwide that presents as a
subtle disease yet can have relenting effects in a patient’s life. There are a
number of preventable risk factors, like food habit and personal habits,
causing constipation; taking care of them on time can play an important
role in minimizing their effects which in turn minimizes the
socioeconomic burden of constipation significantly. Apart from that, the
early diagnosis and management of other underlying factors are important
to give relief to the patient from the undue physical and psychological
stress.
REFERENCE
555.htm. (n.d.).
2024.htm. (n.d.).
Con2.pdf. (n.d.).
Erhardt, R., Harnett, J. E., Steels, E., & Steadman, K. J. (2023).
Functional constipation and the effect of prebiotics on the gut
microbiota: A review. British Journal of Nutrition, 130(6), 1015–
1023. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114522003853
Forootan, M., Bagheri, N., & Darvishi, M. (2018). Chronic constipation:
A review of literature. Medicine, 97(20), e10631.
https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000010631
Hsieh, C. (2021). Treatment of Constipation in Older Adults. 72(11).
Journal2022.htm. (n.d.-a).
Journal2022.htm. (n.d.-b).
MSEd, S. R., MD. (2020). Constipation: A Practical Approach to
Diagnosis and Treatment. Springer Science & Business.
Treatment of constipation. (2022). A.R. Elliott Publishing Company.
Treatment2.htm. (n.d.).
Van Der Schoot, A., Helander, C., Whelan, K., & Dimidi, E. (2022).
Probiotics and synbiotics in chronic constipation in adults: A
systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled
trials. Clinical Nutrition, 41(12), 2759–2777.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2022.10.015
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CONSTIPATION

Scientific writing document

Amoud University Health Collage Science

Individual Exam Prep By: Ubah Osman Mohamed

(2024.Htm, n.d.)Constipation is a disorder in the gastrointestinal

the literature reviews

Prevalence and risk factors of constipation (Erhardt et al., 2023)The

Management and treatment

(Treatment2.Htm, n.d.) A stool diary may be helpful for some patients to

Erhardt, R., Harnett, J. E., Steels, E., & Steadman, K. J. (2023).

Functional constipation and the effect of prebiotics on the gut

microbiota: A review. British Journal of Nutrition, 130(6), 1015–

Forootan, M., Bagheri, N., & Darvishi, M. (2018). Chronic constipation:

A review of literature. Medicine, 97(20), e10631.

Hsieh, C. (2021). Treatment of Constipation in Older Adults. 72(11).

MSEd, S. R., MD. (2020). Constipation: A Practical Approach to

Diagnosis and Treatment. Springer Science & Business.

Treatment of constipation. (2022). A.R. Elliott Publishing Company.

Probiotics and synbiotics in chronic constipation in adults: A

systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled

trials. Clinical Nutrition, 41(12), 2759–2777.

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