DISTANCE EDUCATION

INTRODUCTION- Distance education has opened the portal of universalisation of

education, as education has made accessible to all irrespective of financial, social
and psychological condition.

Distance education is an effective alternative to the formal and traditional

system of education, distance education is primarily self-learning as part time or
whole time base, where the makes progress according to his own capacity.

Distance education fulfils long needs of non-formal education at low cost.

DEFINITION- Distance education is a system of rational actions for the imparting

of knowledge, skills and attitude where by originally direct social relationship
between teachers and students are a substituted to a great extend by indirect
relation which are characterized by technical rules and prescriptions, a context free
language, conditioned instructions goal attainment with the help of target means
relation and the systematically increases of effectively.

Distance education is a learning system where the teaching behaviour

is separate from the learning behaviours.

MEANING- Distance education is a form of education in which the students of

universities and institutes of higher learning do not attend regular classes or lecture,
but instead study teaching material especially prepared for this purpose by professor
and their staffs together with members of the teaching staff by means of technical
media for the guidance and control of their ‘learning’.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF DISTANCE EDUCATION-

 It aims at not only providing certificates and degree but also helps in
personal growth and training for better job prospects, job enhancement and
in service education.
 Brings changes in attitude in addition to knowledge.
 Make education socially more relevant.
 Provide flexibility of time to enable students to pace their studies.
 Provide opportunities for self- enrichment and professional upgrading.
Self-instruction teaching material is specially prepared for a
target group. SIM i.e. self-instructional material which includes all study
material needed to stimulate independent learning.-
 Individualization
 Extension of the domination free communicative action.
 To improve rational thinking.
 To improve social relationship between teacher and taught.
 To relate communicative and rational actions.
  It is a stable component of higher education.
 All class people can have learning through distance education.

CHARATERISTICS OF SIM -
 Self–explanatory: The content is self –explanatory and is clear in
concept.
 Self–contained: It is self –sufficient, the student does not have to hunt
for additional sources.
 Self-directional: It is presented in the form of easy explanation,
illustration and learning actives. It guides, instructs and regulates the
learning process and performs the role of a teacher.
 Self–motivation: The material arouses curiosity, raises problems and
relates knowledge to familiar situation and makes learning
meaningful.
 Self-evaluating: It provides question, exercises and other activities for
self–evaluation and checking one’s learning progress.
 Self–learning: It gives directions, hints and reference, and motivates
a person for self- learning.

ELEMENTS-
 The separation of teaching behaviours and learning behaviours.
 The use of technical media.
 The possibility to two way communication.
 The possibility of occasional seminar or meetings between student and
teacher.
 It is a form of indirect instruction, it is imparted by technical media, e.g.
correspondence, printed materials, teaching and learning aids, A.V.aids and
computers.

FUNCTIONS-
 In the form of correspondence course and on the other it gets autonomous
treatment in the frame work of open universities.
 It is table component of higher education, where the deprived section of
society have made use of opportunities offered by the distance education
system.
 It accommodates the learner from upper age group, employed, marital status,
etc. especially women, who would not have had opportunities to continue their
studies.
 Distance education programmes are generally developed outside of the main
stream educational management network.
 Non-formal education for youth and adult provides opportunity to learn various
life skills and job skills as well as basic literacy, numeracy.
  To improve the primary school instruction, using interactive radio broadcast
together with the corresponding print material can enhance pupil’s learning
achievements.
 It requires careful planning to attain realistic goals.

FORMS-
Three different approaches to identify the forms of distance
education are presented:

1. The medium on which the learning materials are based.

2. Institutional type.
3. Didactic model.

Choice of medium- Form of distance education can be identified by their:

 Use of technical media.

 The basis for the learning materials
 Print based (80%)
 Broadcasting (10%)
 Face to face seminars and summer schools or contact classes
(10%).
These are cost effective and can be used by people with literacy
problems and it is a successful method of teaching languages.

Didactic model- The correspondence schools send learning material and post by
the student, the student studies the material and post assignment back to the
institution which marks and comments upon them and post them back to the student.

The emphasis is placed on compulsory two fortnight sessions in an

academic year is planned or fortnightly 2 to 3 hours consultations, it depends upon
the types of course for which distance education planned.

The student will meet their tutor for evaluation of their home study
for explanation and preparation of the next stage of learning materials.

Institutional types- The major grouping of institution can be distinguished:

1. Privately sponsored
2. Publicity sponsored
3. National accrediting bodies
4. Government sponsored schools, colleges and universities.

All these institutions in this area , because of the separation of their

students from their teachers are engaged in the planning or purchase of learning
material and possess or have access to an integrated range of technical media, by
which the student is given the possibility of two- way communication, not only when
beginning but throughout the course.
ROLE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION IN DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING
1. There is a need for recognizing nursing education to keep it linked with the
existing educational pattern and in order to keep pace with the changing
pattern of health care delivery system and the role of nursing personnel.
2. The basic education of nurses must be effectively related to the need of the
population, and should take place in an interdisciplinary setting.
3. It should encourage the concept of self –care and lay emphasis on the
preventive and promotive health services along with the curative and
rehabilitative ones, utilizing all the available recourses towards this end.
4. Since nursing functions are carried at different levels of knowledge, skill, and
most importantly decision making, the system of nursing education must have
provision for preparing personnel accordingly.
5. It can provide opportunity to :
 Those nurses who are working in remote areas and have no facility for
higher education.
 Those who are unable to join regular college due to various reasons.
 Those who are already working and cannot be relived from their duties
by their institution because of shortage of nurses, or other reason.
 Those who feel that they cannot cope up with regular course with in
specific time. They can continue their study at their own pace.

DEFINITION:
An audiovisual aids is the instructional device in which the message can be heard as well as
seen.

A.V aids are those aids which help in completing the triangular process of learning i.e
motivation, classification and stimulation.

A.V aids are any device which can be used to make the learning experience more concrete ,
more realistic and more dynamic.

MEANING OF AUDIOVISUAL AIDS:

The sensory object or images which initiate or stimulate and reinforce learning. It help the
process of learning i.e motivation, classification, and stimulation. Audiovisual aidsare
multisensory materials which motivates , classifies, and stimulates the individuals. It make
the dynamic learning experience more concrete, realistic and clarity, establish, correlate and
coordinate accurate concepts, interpretation and appreciation and enable him to make
learning effective , interesting, inspirational, meaningful. It provide a significant gain in
informational learning , retention, recall , thinking and reasoning, activity interest ,
imagination , better assimilation and personal growth and development.
FLASHCARD:
 Small compact cards , which flash before the class to bring any idea.

 Size should be 10x12 or 22x 28

 Used for a small group not over 30 people

 Provide variety of activity in the class

 The message can be brief , it may be simple line drawing or photographs or cartoons
and the content will be written in few lines at the back of each card.

 Adapted to a local condition, use plenty of colours.

 10-12 cards for one talk can be used.

 Prepare the picture of each idea which will give visual impact to the idea.

 It need a drill or preview.

 It can be used individually or in combination with other charts.

 To teach well with flashcard teacher should follow the certain points

A series or set of cards can be prepared on a single topic, put it in a order , before
starting the explanation.

 The story on each card must be familiar .

 Must use simple words and terminology.

 Hold the card at the chest level where people can see clearly , hold against
body and not in the air , face different parts of group, to show card to all.

 Glance down the card , as you are ready to explain make sure to give correct
information .

 Use pointer and don’t cover the matter with the hands.

 Be enthusiastic and enjoy explaining the matter.

 Important points should be written backside, if the trainer forgets any

relevant matter, by seeing it , easily he will catch the points..

IMPORTANCE /PURPOSE OF FLASH CARDS:

Improve and make teaching effective.

Enable the audience to look , listen and learn.

Make learning interesting and profitable.

Stimulates the curiosity, the students acquires the clear vivid and accurate
image during the process of learning.

Increase and sustain attention and concentration .

They enable the students to learn faster, remember for a long duration , gain
more accurate information , understand the concept with adequate
meaning . Thus learning become more enjoyable, meaningful and effective.

Save time and energy, change attitude and point of view of learner.

Develop continuity of thought.

The teacher has to organize his teaching material in a systematic order to

impress the idea more clearly.

Quicken the phase of learning .

Bring expected behaviour change among the learner.

PREPRATION OF FLASH CARD :

Cut the foolscap chart paper and cut it into four equal parts to get the flash
card. Write the content on it either in the free hand or using stencils and
sketch pen .Also the height of writing on the flash card is to be approximately
5cm . so, that whole class can see it properly. It is advisable to make a rought
card on an ordinary paper first then transfer it on the chart paper or card
board, flash card .

USING THE FLASH CARD:

For classroom instruction ,the flashcard are to be used properly.It is
recommended that the flash cards should be presented in a following steps:-

Give brief introduction about the lesson to students.

Give instructions to students about their action while you flash the card.

Let the student respond as per instruction already given.

Add more instruction to the student as response.