Unit I: Basics of PCS and GSM and Unit II: GPRS and Mobile Data Communication

Questions of 2 marks:

1. Enlist two application of personal communication services.

 Application of PCS :-
a)Voice Communication
b)Messaging
c)Internet access
d)Location based services

2. Write IEEE standard for Bluetooth and WiFi.

➔ Bluetooth – IEEE 802.15.1
Wi-Fi – IEEE 802.11

3. State two features of 4G technology.

➔ Features of 4G technology are :
1) 4G is IP based mobile system.
2) It supports interactive multimedia, voice, streaming video, internet and other broadband
service.
3) 4G has high speed, high capacity and low cost per bit.\
4) 4G has global access, service portability and scalable mobile services.

4. Define Roaming.
➔ Roaming refers to the ability of a mobile device or wireless client to stay connected to a
network while moving across different coverage areas

5. Enlist two applications of personal communication services.

➔ Application of PCS :-
a)Voice Communication
b)Messaging
c)Internet access
d)Location based services

6. State any two features of 4G technology.

➔ Features of 4G technology are :
1) 4G is IP based mobile system.
2) It supports interactive multimedia, voice, streaming video, internet and other broadband
service.
3) 4G has high speed, high capacity and low cost per bit.\
4) 4G has global access, service portability and scalable mobile services.
7. State two features of 5G technology.
➔ Features of 5G technology:
1.The 5G technology is providing up to 25Mbps connectivity speed
2. The remote diagnostics also a great feature of 5G technology.
3. 5G technology also providing subscriber supervision tools for fast action
4. 5G technology offer high resolution for crazy cell phone user and bi-directional large
bandwidth shaping.

8. State advantages of GPRS

➔ 1. GPRS provides an always-on internet connection, eliminating the need for dial-up
connections.

2. Offers faster data transmission (up to 114 kbps) compared to traditional GSM services (9.6 kbps).

3. Charges are based on the amount of data transmitted, not the duration of the connection,
making it more economical

4. Enables internet browsing, multimedia messaging (MMS), WAP access, and mobile email

Q: Questions of 4 marks:
1. Draw the block diagram of the architecture of PCS and explain.
➔

1. The PCS Network Architecture is a communication network structure in which

components communicate with one another to establish wireless communication.
2. The PCS Network Architecture is divided into two sections:
a. Wireline Transport Network\
b. Radio Network
3. Radio Network: PCS users carry mobile stations (MS) to communicate with a BS in a
PCS n/w. MS is also referred to as handset or mobile phone. The radio coverage of a
base station is called cell. In GSM n/w each cell is controlled by BSC which are
connected to MS through BS. The BSCs are connected to MSC by landlines.
4. Wireline Transport Network:- An MSC is a telephone exchange configured specially
for mobile applications. It interfaces the MSC (via BS) with PSTN. MSCs are also
connected with mobility database to track the location of MS and roaming
management. The databases are HLR & VLR. HLR contains the authentication
information like IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity), identification
 information like name, address of the subscriber, billing information like prepaid or
postpaid, operator selection, denial of service to a subscriber etc. VLR gives
information about the location area of the subscriber while on roaming and power
off status of the handset.

2. Describe quality of services in 3G networks.

➔ Quality of Services in Third Generation (QoS in 3G)

• Network Services are considered end-to-end; this means from a Terminal Equipment
(TE) to another TE.

• An End-to-End Service may have a certain Quality of Service (QoS) which is

provided for the user of a network service.

• It is the user that decides whether he is satisfied with the provided QoS or not. To
realise a certain network QoS a Bearer Service with clearly defined characteristics and
functionality is to be set up from the source to the destination of a service.

• A bearer service includes all aspects to enable the provision of a contracted Qos.

• These aspects are among others the control signalling, user plane transport and QoS
management functionality.

3. Differentiate between GSM and GPRS.

S No. GSM GPRS

1 GSM stands for Global Systems GPRS stands for General Packet
for Radio Service
Mobile.
2 System generation is 2G System generation is 2.5G
3 The frequency bands used in the The frequency bands used in the
GSM system are 900 and 1800 system are 850, 900, 1800 and 1900
MHz. MHZ.
4 The type of connection is a circuit- Here the type of connection is a
switched network. packet-switched network
5 It takes long time to connect. It provides faster connection.
6 It does not allow direct connection It allows direct connection to the
to the internet internet

4. Explain Network signaling in GSM with block diagram.

• Network signaling in GSM manages call setup, authentication, handover, and call
release. It ensures smooth communication between mobile devices and the network.
• Key Components:
 o Mobile Station (MS) – User’s phone.
o Base Transceiver Station (BTS) – Handles radio communication.
o Base Station Controller (BSC) – Manages multiple BTS and handovers.
o Mobile Switching Center (MSC) – Routes calls, authentication, and
mobility management
• How It Works:
o Call Setup – MS requests a call, which is routed via BTS → BSC → MSC
o Authentication – MSC verifies the user for security.
o Handover – Transfers active calls between BTS as the user moves
o Call Release – Ends the call and frees network resources
• This signaling system ensures efficient and secure communication in GSM
networks
5. Draw the block diagram of 4G Architecture and explain. State two features of 4G

• 4G (Fourth Generation) networks provide high-speed, low-latency wireless

communication using an IP-based architecture
• Key Components:-
o User Equipment (UE) – Mobile devices like smartphones, tablets, and
modems.
o eNodeB (Enhanced Node B) – The base station in 4G, which directly
connects to the core network without controllers like BSC (in 2G) or
RNC (in 3G).
o Evolved Packet Core (EPC) – The core network that manages
mobility, authentication, and IP-based communication.
▪ MME (Mobility Management Entity) – Handles handovers
and user authentication
▪ SGW (Serving Gateway) – Routes data between the user and
the internet.
▪ PGW (Packet Data Network Gateway) – Connects to external
networks (Internet/PSTN).
 o Internet/PSTN – Provides external connectivity for internet browsing,
VoIP, and multimedia services.
• How 4G Works:
o User connects to eNodeB, which provides wireless access.
o eNodeB forwards data to the EPC for processing.
o EPC routes data to external networks (Internet/PSTN).
o Fast data transmission with minimal delay, ensuring high-speed
browsing, video streaming, and VoIP calls.
• Features of 4G technology are :
o 4G is IP based mobile system.
o It supports interactive multimedia, voice, streaming video, internet
and other broadband service.
o 4G has high speed, high capacity and low cost per bit.\
o 4G has global access, service portability and scalable mobile services