SBA ExemplarsTechnology Grades 7-9

GENERAL EDUCATION &
TRAINING PHASE (GET)

TECHNOLOGY
SBA EXEMPLAR BOOKLET
GRADES 7-9
FOREWORD
The Department of Basic Education has pleasure in releasing a subject exemplar booklet
for School Based Assessment (SBA) to assist and guide teachers with the setting and
development of standardised SBA tasks and assessment tools. The SBA booklets have
been written by teams of subject specialists to assist teachers to adapt teaching and
learning methods to improve learner performance and the quality and management of
SBA.
The primary purpose of this SBA exemplar booklet is to improve the quality of teaching
and assessment (both formal and informal) as well as the learner’s process of learning
and understanding of the subject content. Assessment of and for learning is an ongoing
process that develops from the interaction of teaching, learning and assessment. To
improve learner performance, assessment needs to support and drive focused, effective
teaching.
School Based Assessment forms an integral part of teaching and learning, its value as a yardstick of effective quality
remediation, but it also assists to improve the quality of teaching and learning. The information provided through quality
assessment is therefore valuable for teacher planning as part of improving learning outcomes.
Assessment tasks should be designed with care to cover the prescribed content and skills of the subject as well as
ensure that the learner understands the content and has been exposed to extensive informal assessment opportunities
before doing a formal assessment activity.
The exemplar tasks contained in this booklet, developed to the best standard in the subject, is aimed to illustrate best
practices in terms of setting formal and informal assessment. Teachers are encouraged to use the exemplar tasks as
models to set their own formal and informal assessment activities.
MR HM MWELI
DIRECTOR-GENERAL
DATE:
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTENTS Page
SECTION 1: GENERIC 4
Legislative Context 4
1. The Principles of Assessment 4
2. School-Based Assessment (SBA) and Common Examination Papers 5
3. Types of Question that can be used to develop formal assessment tasks 7
3.1 Short Answer Questions 7
3.2 Diagrams / Cartoons / Graphs 8
3.3 Fill the space/ Gap questions 9
3.4 Multiple Choice Questions 10
3.5 Matching and Alternative Choice Questions 11
3.6 True / False Questions 11
3.7 Essay-type Questions 12
4. Taxonomies helping to strike the balance 13
4.1 Blooms Taxonomy 13
4.2 Problem Solving Taxonomy: Plants Approach 15
5. Steps in developing formal assessment tasks 16
5.1 The planning process 16
5.2 Identifying the content 16
5.3 Forms of assessment 16
5.4 Types of question to be included in the formal assessment task 17
5.5 Format of the formal assessment task 17
5.6 Instructions for the learner 17
5.7 Possible answers: memorandum / rubric 17
5.8 The moderation process of the formal assessment task 17
Concluding Remarks 20
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SECTION 2: EXEMPLARS OF SCHOOL BASE ASSESSMENT IN
TECHNOLOGY 21-34
Assessment in TECHNOLOGY
1. What is assessment?
2. The importance of assessment
3. Difference between formal and informal assessment
4. The importance of formal and informal assessment
5. Programme of assessment per grade
6. Codes and percentages for recording and reporting
7. Practical Assessment Task guidelines
8. Tests and Examinations guidelines
Grade 7: Exemplar Formal Assessment Tasks 35-103

Exemplar 1: Term 1 – PAT
Exemplar 2: Term 1 – Controlled Test
Exemplar 3: Term 2 – Mid-Year Examinations
Exemplar 6: Term 4 – Final Examination

Exemplar 9: Term 2 – Mid-Year Examinations

Exemplar 12: Term 4 – Final Examination
ANNEXURES 156-170
Annexure 1: Technology Errata
Annexure 2: Composite Mark Schedules
Grade 7-9
Annexure 3: Analysis Grid for cognitive levels
Annexure 4: Check list for developing formal assessment tasks
Annexure 5: Moderation Instruments 169
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SECTION 1
Generic
Legislative Context
The guideline must be read and used in conjunction with the:
Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statements (CAPS) for Technology;

National Policy Pertaining to the Programme and Promotion Requirements
(NPPPPR) of the National Curriculum Statement Grade R-12;
National Protocol for Assessment (NPA) in Grades R-12;
Education White Paper 6 – Building an Inclusive Education and Training
System;
Policy on Screening, Identification, Assessment and Support of 2014 (SIAS)
CAPS for Specialisations
White Paper in Education, and
The Guidelines for responding to learner diversity in the classroom Grades
R-12.
1. The Principles of Assessment
The SBA must always demonstrate equal opportunity to learning, consistency

and realistic expectations by being validity, realible, fair, siffiecient, etc.
1.1 Valid assessment
The assessment task is valid when it is based on the content and

standards as set out in the CAPS. The content, skills, values and
attitudes included in the assessment task must be based on the work
learners have completed as per the Annual Teaching Plan (ATP) in the
CAPS.
1.2 Reliable assessment
Reliable assessment also means that when the assessment is developed,

the input processes are well organized and based on sound theoretical
and assessment principles.
An assessment is deemed reliable when the results obtained from formal

assessments produce the same results every time it is used to assess
learners.
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1.3 Fair assessment
The method of assessment should not present any barriers to the learners’
achievements. It must be free of bias and sensitive to contextual factors.
The types of questions asked must be age appropriate. The questions must
be based on the content, skills, values and attitudes that has been taught
to the learner over a period of time. In addition, the distribution of the
cognitive levels (low, medium and high order questions) must be
aligned to the requirements as stipulated in Section 4 of the CAPS for
Technology.
1.4 Sufficient assessment
Sufficient assessment within the context of the Grades R – 9 means that the
spread of content, skills, and values assessed are based on the work done
during the term or year/phase according to the Annual Teaching Plan.
Learners should be able to complete the assessment task within the
stipulated time.
2. School-Based Assessment (SBA) and Common Assessments
Chapter 4 of the CAPS describes assessment as a continuous planned

process of identifying, gathering and interpreting information about the
performance of learners, using various forms of assessment. Therefore, SBA
is integral to teaching, learning and assessment as it provides:
2.1. Learners with feedback on how they perform individually, as well as in

relation to their peers (teamwork);
2.2. Teachers with feedback that enables them to adapt their teaching
strategies to effectively and efficiently meet the needs of their learners;
2.3. Parents/guardians with meaningful feedback on what their children know
and understand;
2.4. Guidance to learners, teachers and parents/guardians on what
interventions need to be undertaken if necessary.
SBA comprises both informal (enabling) and formal assessment. Hence,

assessment that takes note of learners’ needs is called informal assessment
(assessment for learning through enabling tasks) and assessment that focuses
on the results of learning is called formal assessment (assessment of learning).
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While the purpose of the guideline is to focus on formal assessment tasks in
SBA, it needs to be emphasised that informal assessments must be given the
same degree of importance and attention.
The CAPS refer to informal assessment as daily assessment which can be done
through observations, discussions, classroom activities, homework, investigation
(research), etc. It should not be seen in isolation from formal assessment.
Informal assessments are important as they lay the foundation for learners to do
formal assessments. Informal assessments are integral to learners achieving the
required standards of knowledge and skills needed to achieve successful results
in their formal assessment tasks. Therefore, informal daily assessment activities
need to be well planned and developed to meet the required standards to
support learners to achieve the desired good results.
With regards to the formal SBA tasks, the Protocol for Assessment Grades R-12,
Government Gazette No.36042 of December 2012 subparagraph 5(2 and 3) and
6(1) states:
5(2) School-Based Assessment, Practical Assessment Tasks and end-of-year

examinations are designed to address the content competencies, skills,
values and attitudes of the subject, and to provide learners, parents and
teachers with results that are meaningful indications of what learners know,
understand and can do at the time of the assessment;
5(3) School-Based Assessment and Practical Assessment Tasks allow for

learners to be assessed on a regular basis during the school year and also
allow for the assessment of skills that cannot be assessed in a written format,
e.g. test or examination. School-Based Assessment and Practical
Assessment Tasks include a variety of assessment methods as contemplated
in Chapter 4 of the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statements.
6(1) School-Based Assessment is a compulsory component for progression

and promotion in all the different school phases.
In SBA, all the tasks that make up a formal programme of assessment for the
year are regarded as formal assessments. Teachers mark and record all formal
assessment tasks formally for the purposes of progression, promotion and
reporting to parents. All formal assessment tasks have to be moderated (at
school/district/provincially) for the purpose of quality assurance and to ensure
that appropriate standards are maintained. Technology uses a variety of different
methods and/or forms of assessment tasks. These are detailed in Chapter 4 of
the CAPS.
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The Grade 9 end-of-year examination is a high-stake assessment. As mentioned
earlier, in 2010 the Minister delegated the responsibility to develop and
administer the Grade 9 external assessments to each Provincial Department of
Education through Circular 1 of 2010. Since then some provinces have opted to
set common examination papers for selected grades in the Intermediate Phase
and the Senior Phase in order to ensure that end-of-year examinations meet the
required standards. Teachers should take note and understand that there is no
difference in terms of standards between the SBA that are developed internally
and those that are developed externally. The table below presents some
characteristics of SBA and Common Assessments:
School Based Assessment (SBA) Common Assessments

Developed at school level by Developed at provincial, district, circuit
teachers. and cluster levels by subject specialists
or senior teachers/ teachers and PLC
leaders.
May use the SBA guidelines to Follow prescribed SBA guidelines for
develop their SBA activities and their development and administration.
adapt them to their context.
Quality control is managed internally. Quality control is managed externally
Less costly. Cost implications are high.
Can be developed relatively quickly. Takes time to develop.
Assessments are set and marked Assessments are set externally and
internally. marked internally.
Scripts are moderated internally. Scripts are moderated internally and
externally.
Item analyses and feedback done Item analyses and feedback done both
internally and easy to implement the internally and externally and may not
intervention be easy to implement due to time
constraints.
3. Types of Questions that can be used to develop formal assessment tasks
The format of the test/examination paper or formal assessment task can

include any of the question types mentioned below. The actual structure and
combination will depend on the content definition and the subject specific
requirements as per the CAPS Section 4. As a rule, the memorandum and/or
rubric are prepared as the assessment tasks are being developed.
3.1. Short Answer Questions
A short answer item is a question used to find out about what the learner
knows. It requires the learner to provide an answer, rather than to select an
answer. Short answer items use questions that restrict the answer to a short
paragraph, sentence, or single words. Short answer questions are more
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appropriate for some topics rather than others. They are useful for recall of
facts, analysis of data and solving of problems. Examples of short answer
items could include lists of items or equipment, brief descriptions of a
procedure, sequence of an activity or reasons to explain an event.
Advantages:
Easy and relatively quick to write.

Less influenced by guessing than multiple choice or true/false questions.
Easy to score/mark with a high reliability of marking, especially with model
answers or a marking guide.
Provides more scope for the learner to show their knowledge than with a
limited response question.
Disadvantages:
Where a short answer is required, the learner should be given clear

guidance on the target length of the answer.
When a marking guide is developed, the teacher / test developer should
recognise that there are likely to be correct answers discovered later in
addition to those expected and that these should be added to the marking
guide as they are identified.
Hints
Ask for specific information.
Phrase the question precisely and concisely.
Ensure that there is a single or defined number of correct answers.
Avoid phrasing a question that offers a clue to the answer.
Indicate the marks allocated for the question.
3.2. Diagrams/Cartoons/Graphs
This type of question requires the learner to look at a drawing, picture, cartoon
or a graph and write the correct information in a blank space, interpret,
analyse the information presented and/or develop his/her own diagram,
cartoon or graph. Interpretation and drawing of graphs are used more for
higher-level questions.
Advantages:
Useful in measuring the learner's knowledge of tools, supplies or
components.
Useful for higher level questions.
Assists learners with low literacy skills by the use of pictorial materials.
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Can be used effectively to test many aspects of the subject.
Can be incorporated with other forms of assessment such as case studies
or short questions.
Disadvantages:
Preparation and presentation of clear diagrams or pictorial material is

difficult.
Grids for graphs must be drawn accurately when preparing the answer
sheet.
Sufficient amount of graph paper needs to be supplied.
Hints:
Grids for the graphs must be age appropriate.

Only include this type of question if learners have worked with it in
their informal activities.
3.3. Fill the Space/Gap questions
"Fill in the gap" questions are another variation of short answer questions.
The question consists of a true statement in which one or two important words
have been left out.
Advantages:
Little scope for the learner to guess the correct answer.

Useful for assessing recall of information.
Disadvantages:
Often difficult to write questions that have only one correct answer.
Sometimes the word(s) omitted make it difficult to understand the meaning
of the sentence.
Hints:
Omit only a relevant key word.

Use straightforward sentences.
Check that learners can infer the meaning even without a deleted word.
Do not use “a” or “an” to provide a clue.
Give credit for all potential answers that make sense.
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3.4. Multiple Choice Questions
A multiple choice is a question or incomplete statement followed by three to

five options from which the learner selects the best answer(s). Incorrect
options are called distracters. Distracters are used to side-track learners who
may not know the correct answer.
Advantages:
Marking / scoring is uniform, standardised and usually quick.

Objectivity in marking reduces any teacher variability factors.
Assesses a learner's knowledge as well as their ability to discriminate
amongst several possible alternatives.
Can test judgment as well as memory.
Provides a better sample of the topic being assessed than most other
formats given the same period of time.
Can be used to assess low, medium and higher order questions.
Disadvantages:
Relies on the learner having appropriate reading and comprehension

skills.
Construction of effective questions is often difficult and time consuming.
The quality of the question often depends on appropriate "distracters" or
incorrect options.
Economies of scale can only be achieved with large numbers of learners.
Hints:
Allocate approximately one multiple-choice question per minute.

Questions should be meaningful and represent a specific problem in the
stem of the question.
Questions should be stated in positive rather than negative terms.
Distribute answers equally in the positions of a, b, c, and d.
Avoid the use of grammatical clues at the end of a stem, for example: a,
an, are, is, this, these.
Avoid the use of "some/none/all of the above" as an option.
Try to include at least four possible responses for each question.
Use between 1 or 2 questions to assess each of the topics completed
during the term.
Use plausible distracters.
Use a question format.
Be grammatically correct.
Avoid giving clues for the correct answer.
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3.5. Matching and Alternative Choice Questions
The matching question is a type of multiple-choice question that is helpful for

assessing knowledge of related information. It consists of two lists or columns
of related information from which the learner is asked to match the
appropriate items.
Advantages:
A lot of content can be covered in one question.

Easier to write than multiple choice questions.
Useful variation in questioning.
Objective and easy to mark/score.
Disadvantages:
Need a large number of items to match within the question.

Specific instructions/guidelines should be given for matching items.
Hints:
Need 7-10 items to match within the question.

Allow one or two extra options.
Make sure learners are familiar with this type of questions.
3.6. True/False Questions
The true or false question is basically a statement that has to be identified as

correct or incorrect.
Advantages:
Useful for assessing the basic knowledge of facts.
Disadvantages:
Can encourage guessing.
Questions should not require only recall of trivial information.
Hints:
Ensure that the statement is entirely true or false.

Include only one idea in each question.
Use clear language and avoid double negatives.
Place true and false answers in random order.
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Use false answers so that they represent misconceptions, and true
answers for correct ideas.
Include many questions on a topic to reduce the impact of guessing
answers.
Avoid the terms 'usually', 'always', 'none'.
Avoid trick questions.
3.7. Case Study Questions
Case Study type questions are probably the most demanding of questions
because they assess the learner’s ability across all the cognitive levels of all
Taxonomies. The structure and style of the Essay-type questions differ from
subject to subject.
Advantages:
Useful for assessing high order cognitive questions.
Disadvantages:
Essay questions must be formulated very carefully.

It is easy for learners to misinterpret questions.
Memoranda are open-ended, depending on the structure of the question,
and therefore must be detailed with clear allocation of marks for the
responses required.
Marker needs to have in-depth knowledge of the topic.
Hints:
Formulate the question clearly.

Identify probable causes that might lead the learner to misinterpret the
question.
Make sure learners are familiar with the structure and style of Essay-type
questions.
When preparing the memorandum:
select or generate the most appropriate solution/s;

list all the facts/answers required for the essay and the mark allocation
for each fact/answer; and
list all possible alternative solutions if any.
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4. Taxonomies helping to strike the balance
When preparing to develop a formal assessment task, it is important to make

sure that the “cognitive levels” are well balanced. Every learner has to be
given a fair and just chance in achieving the desired result according to
her/his cognitive ability. This leads to the basic question facing teachers the
world over, “How do we strike that balance?” Various theories exist on how to
“strike the balance” by classifying the types of questions asked into cognitive
low order, medium order, and high order levels.
Section 4 in the CAPS indicates the cognitive levels and the percentage
distribution of the three different cognitive levels for all subjects. For the
purpose of this guideline Bloom’s Taxonomy (page 77 of CAPS) and the
Problem-Solving Taxonomy will be discussed. Bloom’s Taxonomy is used in
most subjects and the Problem-Solving Taxonomy is used in Technology.
Simply put, “Taxonomy” means to arrange something in a particular order. For
our purpose, it means arranging both formal and informal assessment
questions into high, medium or low order levels by using an appropriate verb.
4.1. Bloom’s Taxonomy
Bloom's Taxonomy is most commonly used and has stood the test of time. It is
a multi-tiered model of classifying thinking according to six cognitive levels of
complexity. Throughout the years, the levels have often been depicted as a
stairway, leading many teachers to encourage their students to "climb to a
higher (level of) thought." The lowest three levels are: knowledge,
comprehension, and application. The highest three levels are: analysis,
synthesis, and evaluation. "The taxonomy is hierarchical; [in that] each level is
subsumed by the higher levels. In other words, a student functioning at the
'application' level has also mastered the material at the 'knowledge' and
'comprehension' levels." (UW Teaching Academy, 2003). One can easily see
how this arrangement led to the natural divisions of lower, middle and higher-
level thinking.
In 2001 Bloom’s Taxonomy was revised. Basically, Bloom’s six major

categories were changed from noun to verb forms. Additionally, the lowest
level of the original, knowledge was renamed and became remembering.
Finally, comprehension and synthesis were re-titled to understanding and
creating. The changes are explained in the diagram on the next page:
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Caption: Terminology changes.
The graphic is a representation of the NEW verbiage associated with the long familiar Bloom's Taxonomy.
Note the change from Nouns to Verbs [e.g., Application to Applying] to describe the different levels of the
taxonomy. Note that the top two levels are essentially exchanged from the old to the new version." (Schultz,
2005) (Evaluation moved from the top to Evaluating in the second from the top, Synthesis moved from
second on top to the top as 'Creating'.
Source: http://www.odu.edu/educ/llschult/blooms_taxonomy.htm
The new terms are defined as:
Remembering: Retrieving, recognizing, and recalling relevant knowledge

from long-term memory.
Understanding: Constructing meaning from oral, written, and graphic

messages through interpreting, exemplifying, classifying, summarizing,
inferring, comparing, and explaining.
Applying: Carrying out or using a procedure through executing or

implementing.
Analysing: Breaking material into constituent parts. Determining how the

parts relate to one another and to an overall structure or purpose through
differentiating, organizing, and attributing.
Evaluating: Making judgments based on criteria and standards through

checking and critiquing.
Creating: Putting elements together to form a coherent or functional whole.

Reorganizing elements in a new pattern or structure through generating,
planning and/or producing.
The table on the next page can be used to assist in formulating the
assessment questions so that the balancing of the cognitive levels can be
addressed.
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The table lists each of the categories and the key verbs associated with it.
Categories Remembering Understanding Applying Analysing Evaluating Creating
Recognise Interpret Sequence Investigate Validate Develop

List Summarise Implement Examine Check Design
Describe Infer Calculate Organise Hypothesise Construct
Identify Paraphrase Execute Deconstruct Critique Plan
Associated
verbs Retrieve Classify Manipulate Categorise Experiment Produce
Name Compare Solve Probe Judge Invent
Locate Explain Adapt Integrate Test Devise
Find Exemplify Structure Detect Make
Label Distinguish Monitor Formulate
Give example
4.2 Problem Solving Taxonomy: Plants Approach
The Problem-Solving Taxonomy is used in the subject Technology in the

Senior Phase. Technology focuses more on Practical activities referred to as
Capability Tasks or PAT. The Plants approach acknowledges the cognitive
and skills levels the learners’ come up with. This approach fits well with the
skills and the cognitive development in technology where learners are
expected to develop progressively.
Problem Solving Taxonomy: Plants approach is applied to the subject

Technology as follows:
Creative Level:
Tasks require learners to develop a solution which was not previously known
or combine a few procedures in a new way
Interpretation level:
Learners are required to stimulate real life problems and solve it.
Strategic level:
Learners are presented with problems which require them to select the most
suitable solution out of a number of possible options.
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Diagnostic level:
Learners are given tasks which require them to choose the correct routine out
of a few known possibilities.
Routine Level:
Problems are presented to learners which require them to follow familiar

routine processes.
5. Steps in developing formal assessment tasks
All formal assessment tasks must be planned and developed according to the
CAPS. The requirements and the importance of the assessment must be
communicated in advance to learners and parents. The following steps are
suggested as a guideline:
5.1. The planning processes:

Planning for the development of the formal assessment tasks must be
done according to the Programme of Assessment in Chapter 4 of the
CAPS. Section 4.4 of the CAPS (page 45 to 47), stipulates the number
of formal assessments that need to be completed per term and per year
for each subject.
5.2. Identifying the content:
The Annual Teaching Plan: Chapter 3 of the CAPS should be used to

identify the content which will be used to develop the formal assessment
tasks stated in the Programme of Assessment.
The NCS: CAPS for Technology is silent on the mid-year examinations

however, we recommend that the mid-year examination should cover
work done in terms 1 and 2. The end-of-year examination should cover
the work done in term 3 and 4.
Remember learners can only be tested on content that they have been
taught.
We noted that the directive to erase 20 marks outlined in Cir S1 and its
guidelines has been added in SA-SAMS. We recommend that the end of
the year examinations be weighted at 60% in line with the NPA
prescripts.
5.3. Forms of assessment

Chapter 4 of the CAPS document details the different forms of
assessment applicable to each subject. Exemplars of the forms of
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assessment are explained in greater detail in Section 2 of this handbook.
It is important to note that the cognitive levels of low order, middle order
and high order are applicable to all the forms of assessment. The marks
allocated for the formal assessments are stipulated in the CAPS and
should be adhered to.
5.4. Types of questions to be included in the formal assessment task
The types of questions that will be used in a particular form of

assessment will depend on the form of assessment being developed.
5.5. Format of the formal assessment task
The format and the structure of the assessment task will depend on the
form of assessment being developed. With regards to the examinations,
it is recommended that the format, particularly for the Senior Phase, be
similar to the FET examination papers (find attached annexure for GET
examinations). The rationale behind this is to familiarise our learners to
the type of assessment papers they will write in the FET examinations
and to develop their skills in writing external assessments.
5.6. Instructions for the learner
Instructions to the learner should be clear and simple. Instructions should

include what is expected, the time, the process involved and any other
relevant information that will help the learner to complete the task
successfully.
5.7. Possible answers: memorandum / rubric
As a rule, the memorandum / possible answers are prepared as the

assessment is being developed. This allows the developer to evaluate
the questions and make the necessary amendments should the need
arise.
5.8. The moderation process of formal assessment tasks
With regards to the moderation of SBA tasks, the Protocol for Assessment
Grades R-12, Government Gazette No.36042 of December 2012
subparagraph 6(2) and 7(4) state that moderation of the SBA tasks must
be done in order to ensure that the quality and standards are met.
According to Chapter 4 of the CAPS, all formal assessments from Grades

4 - 9 is moderated internally. Furthermore, district subject advisors will
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moderate samples of the task during school visits to verify the standard of
internal moderation.
With regards to Grade 9, formal assessment tasks will be set and

managed by the provincial Departments of Education according to
Circular S1 of 2010 and moderated as per the requirements of the
Protocol for Assessment Grades R-12.
Moderation is conducted at school, district, provincial and national levels to:
Confirm the validity, fairness and practicability of the assessment

instrument;
Establish whether assessment was conducted in a fair and consistent
manner;
Establish the reliability and fairness of the assessment scores; and
Provide feedback on the moderation findings with a view to improving
the quality of SBA.
7.3. GUIDELINES FOR SETTING A MEMORANDUM:
The memorandum should be drawn up at the same time as the question

paper is being set.
The memorandum must correspond with questions set in the question

paper.
A memorandum gives allowance for alternative responses.
The marking memorandum should be complete with the mark allocation.
The marking memorandum should be laid out clearly and neatly typed.
Moderation of the SBA at the school level means that:
The school will take full responsibility for the moderation and monitoring
of SBA.
The principal will appoint the head of department or a senior teacher to
take responsibility for the moderation of SBA in Technology, in each
grade.
The principal will ensure that all teachers will adhere to the requirements
of the NCS with regards to SBA
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The principal in collaboration with the School Management Team (SMT)
will monitor on a quarterly basis, the setting, marking and moderation of
SBA.
Three to ten percent (3% - 10%) of learners’ evidence in Technology
depending on the total number of learners in the grade will be moderated
to ensure that the marking memorandum/possible answers were
consistently applied. The principal will ensure that all irregularities
discovered during moderation will be addressed.
A moderation checklist must be used by the school for the moderation of the
SBA. The moderation checklist should be used to check that the:
Assessment tasks are aligned to CAPS;
Assessments tasks are valid, reliable, fair, sufficient, etc
Instructions relating to the assessment tasks are clearly stated;
Content is based on the Annual Teaching Plan as stipulated in the CAPS;
Learners have been taught the content and skills that they are being
assessed on;
Assessment task is free of any bias;
Language used in assessment task caters for the learners at the level of
English FAL;
Cognitive levels at which the assessment tasks are pitched are compliant
to CAPS and differentiation; and
Time allocated to complete the assessment task is weighted according to
learners’ cognitive levels and grade specific.
Analysis of results:
It is important for teachers to analyse the results of learning to further support

learners that are struggling with content or learners experiencing barriers to
learning. This is normally done at the end of every term (could be done after
every assessment activity as well)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 TOTAL NO.
Not Elementary Moderate Adequate Substantial Meritorious Outstanding OF
Achieved Achievement achievement achievement achievement achievement achievement LEARNERS
Analysis of results in the subject is designed to inform the following progresses

i.e. the NSLA (District/ Provincial/ National, Item analyses (School/District) and
Subject Improvement Plans (School/District/Province)
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Concluding Remarks
SBA is an essential component of teaching, learning and assessment in the

classroom and comprises both informal and formal assessment on an on-going
basis. As indicated above, informal assessment lays the foundation for learners
to achieve good results in their formal assessment tasks.
Section 1 of this guideline outlines briefly all the aspects needed to develop
educationally sound formal assessment tasks up to the point of pre and post
assessment moderation. However, it is important to note that post assessment
activities of the formal assessment tasks such as: the administration of the task in
the classroom, the effective and efficient marking of the task, the moderation of
the marking, the analysis of the learners’ responses to the assessment tasks and
providing prompt feedback to the learners and parents are sound practices that
are critical to the achievements of our learners.
Section 2 provides selected exemplars of formal assessment tasks as prescribed

in the CAPS for Grades 7-9 for Technology. It is envisaged that these exemplars
will provide teachers with the necessary tools they need to develop their own
formal assessment tasks.
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SECTION 2
Assessment in Technology
2.1. What is Assessment?
Assessment is a continuous planned process of gathering information about

the performance of learners in order to improve both the processes of
teaching, learning and assessment.
2.2. Importance of Assessment:
- To track the learners progress;

- To assess if learners have understood the concepts taught and their
application;
- To identify weaknesses and strengths in the teaching and learning
process;
- To give feedback to all relevant stakeholders;
- To ensure that the principles of assessment are discussed - they must be
valid, reliable, appropriate, etc.
Teachers assess in order to:
Learn how to teach your class;

Understand how your learners learn;
Learn how to keep improving learning and teaching.
What should teachers do to achieve this?
plan what to teach in order to plan what to assess.

identify areas where learners require support and where learners are
excelling.
plan to address the challenges of learners and acknowledge how well they
perform in the areas where they have done well
keep records of all plans and of the learner’s performance,
analyse the information and re-plan how to teach better in order for the
children to learn better.
communicate findings to parents and to the education authorities
(stakeholders).
During parents’/guardians’ meetings, we share ideas on how children
learn - both from the home-based observation of parents and the school-
based observation of teachers.
21
Regular feedback should be given to learners and parents in order to track
the learner’s progress.
3. Difference between Formal and Informal Assessment
3.1. Informal Assessment (Assessment for learning):

Assessment for learning - collecting information on learner achievement
to improve learning (CAPS: Section 4; NPA: p 3)
Daily monitoring and observation of learner progress
Used to give feedback to learners
The information obtained is used to plan future lessons
Results of informal daily assessment are NOT formally recorded unless
the teacher wishes to do so
The results of daily assessment tasks are not taken into account for
promotion and certification purposes
Informal assessment builds skills for learners to cope with formal
assessment.
Examples of informal assessment: class activities, homework, spelling
vocabulary test.
3.2. Formal Assessment (Assessment of learning):
It includes all tasks that make up the formal (PAT, Test and Examination)
programme of assessment.
Teachers must ensure that assessment criteria are very clear to learners
before assessment.
Such tasks are marked and formally recorded for the progression in the
learning process.
Formal tasks are subjected to moderation for quality assurance and
standard setting.
Examples: IDMEC; tests, examinations, assignments, projects, case
studies, data responses, posters, oral presentations.
4. The importance of formal and informal assessment
Informal Assessment: It builds up the knowledge, skills and values of

learners to cope with Formal Assessment. It allows learners to learn from and
reflect on their own performance.
Formal Assessment: It provides teachers with a systematic way of

evaluating how well learners are progressing in a specific grade in
Technology.
22
5. Programme of Assessment per Grade.
Grade 7 (CAPS: pg45)

Term 1 Term 2 Term 3 Term 4
Forms of PAT Controlled Mid-Year PAT Controlled Final Exam.
Assessment Test Exam Test
Total Marks 70 60 60 70 60 60
Time Allocation - 60 min 60 min - 60 min 60 min

Total Marks 70 60 100 70 60 100

Total Marks 70 60 120 70 60 120
6. Codes and Percentages for recording and reporting
Rating Codes Description of competence Percentage

7 Outstanding achievement 80 – 100
6 Meritorious achievement 70 – 70
5 Substantial achievement 60 – 69
4 Adequate achievement 50 – 59
3 Moderate achievement 40 – 49
2 Elementary Achievement 30 – 39
1 Not Achieved 0 – 29
23
7. TESTS AND EXAMINATIONS GUIDELINES
SETTING A QUALITY QUESTION PAPER FOR GRADES 7 TO 9
7.1. INTRODUCTION:
This document serves to provide guidance on the setting of a good quality
question paper.
The Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) for the Senior
Phase (Grades 7 to 9) has indicated the following for Technology in the
GET Band:
The content for term 1 and 2 must be addresses in the mid-year

examination.
The content for term 3 and 4 must be addressed in the end of year
examination.
The mid-year and end of year examination for Grade 7 is 60 minutes

and counts 60 marks, Grade 8 is 90 minutes and counts 100 marks
and Grade 9 is 120 and counts 120 marks.
The weighting of the end of year examination for Technology is 60%.
In Grade 8 and 9 prior knowledge from Grade 7 and 8 may be

necessary to interpret and answer some questions.
This guideline document serves to support teachers in setting question papers of

high quality which will ensure the integrity of the assessment process for all
stakeholders.
7.2 STEPS IN SETTING A GOOD QUALITY QUESTION PAPER
Step 1 Determine the knowledge, skills and values applicable to the paper
Step 2 Select appropriate marks allocated to each question.
Brainstorm the nature or type of each question and sub-questions e.g. factual,
Step 3 data-response, critical evaluation, problem-solving, verbal, numerical, visual,
closed or open-ended.
Step 4 Decide on the cognitive levels to be addressed in each question.
Step 5 Decide on how each question should be structured, for example ‘scaffolding’.
Step 6 Set the question paper and the marking memorandum simultaneously.
Step 7 Apply suggested time allocations for each question.
Step 8 Develop the cover page, including time allocation.
Step 9 Ensure that the paper is moderated and all quality control checks (annexures
accompanying specific formal assessment activities) that have been
completed.
(Extract from Trevor Hall’s Implementation of the National Curriculum in Grades 10 – 12)
24
7.3 MODERATION OF QUESTION PAPERS
Moderation of question papers is important to ensure the validity, reliability and

fairness of the assessment. It also serves as a quality assurance mechanism to
ensure that all schools use high quality assessments. Schools may use the
moderation provided to assist in the moderation process for the Grade 7 - 9
internal examination:
7.4 OVERAGE OF SPECIFIC AIMS ACROSS THE QUESTION PAPERS
Controlled Tests only

SPECIFIC AIMS Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9
% Weighting Marks Marks Marks
SA 1 Design skills to solve 50% 30 30 30
technological problems.
SA 2 Concepts and knowledge 30% 18 18 18
used in Technology
SA 3 Values, attitudes, technology, 20% 12 12 12
society and the environment
Total Marks 60 60 60
Notes:
Content and skills must cover a Grade focus across a broad range of topics, concepts and
skills
Although the question paper is divided largely into Content Sections, Specific Aims1 and 3
are integrated across and or within the questions.
Examinations Only
SPECIFIC AIMS
Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9
% Weighting Marks Marks Marks
SA 1 Design skills to solve 50% 30 50 60
technological problems.
SA 2 Concepts and knowledge 30% 18 30 36
used in Technology
SA 3 Values, attitudes, technology, 20% 12 20 24
society and the environment
Notes:
Content and skills must cover a Grade focus across a broad range of topics, concepts and
skills
Although the question paper is divided largely into Content Sections, Specific Aims1 and 3
are integrated across and or within the questions.
25
7.5 COVERAGE OF COGNITIVE LEVELS ACROSS THE QUESTION PAPERS
Controlled Tests Only

COGNITIVE LEVELS Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9
LEVELS % Weighting Marks Marks Marks
Low 30% 18 18 18
Middle 40% 24 24 24
High 30% 18 18 18
Notes:
When setting questions within a Section, consideration must be given to the increasing
cognitive complexity of the questions across the full question paper and within each
question where possible.
Progress questions from low to high order where possible.
Examinations Only
COGNITIVE LEVELS
Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9
LEVELS % Weighting Marks Marks Marks
Low 30% 18 30 36
Middle 40% 24 40 48
High 30% 18 30 36
Notes:
When setting questions within a Section, consideration must be given to the increasing
cognitive complexity of the questions across the full question paper and within each
question where possible.
Progress questions from low to high order where possible.
4. OVERALL STRUCTURE OF THE QUESTION PAPERS
The format of the question paper should be followed as prescribed in the table
below for every question paper set. Questions may be divided into sub-questions
to differentiate between topics, subject to maintaining the total marks allocated
for specific aims. Table below illustrates the structure of question papers above.
26
STRUCTURE OF GRADE 7-9 TESTS (TERM 1 AND 3)
Grade 7 8 9
Section Content Cognitive levels: Questions Comments 60 60 60
Weighting Low (30%), Middle (40%), High (30%)
Low: Question X Will address SA1 SA2 SA3 SA1 SA2 SA3 SA1 SA2 SA3
SKILLS - Recognise, List Question X Design skills
Section IDMEC (Design Describe, Identify, Retrieve ….. within a content
A Process) Name, Locate, Find, Label, give example,
field (this may
Interpret
Summarise, Infer, Paraphrase, Classify, include sketching 30
30 * * 30
Compare, Explain of design ideas / * * * *
50% Exemplify possible design
solutions
Middle: Question X Covers a range of
KNOWLEDGE Sequence, Implement, Question X different type of
Section (Content) Calculate, Execute, ….. questions: True / * 18 * * 18 * 18 *
B Manipulate, Solve
false; complete
Adapt, Investigate, Examine, Organise,
30% Deconstruct, Categorise, Probe, Integrate, statement,
Structure, Distinguish respond to text,
matching columns
High: Question X Will address
VALUES AND Validate, Check Question X Society and
ATTITUDES, Hypothesise, Critique ….. Environment * * 12 * * 12 * * 12
SOCIETY AND Experiment, Judge, Test within a content
Section ENVIRONMENT Detect, Monitor, Develop
field.
Design, Construct, Plan
C (Values/ Produce, Invent, Devise
Attitude) 20% Make, Formulate
Total value of Specific Aims covered i.e. integrate SA 1 and 3 within content of SA 2. 30 18 12 30 18 12 30 18 12
Notes:
Questions set within a technology context to assess Technical understanding
Questions follow number sequence across the paper. Each Section may have more than two questions.
Not all Sections must show integration of SA 1 and 3.
No question paper will always match the % weighting for Specific Aims or Cognitive levels. A deviation of 5% could be considered acceptable
Ref: * = Marks allocated must show coverage of all content areas. Values may change across content areas.
27
28
STRUCTURE OF GRADE 7-9 EXAMINATIONS (TERM 2 AND 4)
Grade 7 8 9
Section Content Cognitive levels Question 1 Comments 60 100 120
Weighting
Level 1: Question X Will address Design SA1 SA2 SA3 SA1 SA2 SA3 SA1 SA2 SA3
Recognise, List Question X skills within a
Section SKILLS - IDMEC Describe, Identify, Retrieve ….. content field (this
A (Design Process) Name, Locate, Find, Label, give
may include
example, Interpret
sketching of design 30
Summarise, Infer, Paraphrase, 50 * * 60
50% Classify, Compare, Explain ideas / possible * * * *
Exemplify design solutions
Level 2: Question X Covers a range of

KNOWLEDGE Sequence, Implement, Question X different type of
Section (Content) Calculate, Execute, ….. questions: True / * 18 * * 30 * 36 *
B Manipulate, Solve false; complete
30% Adapt, Investigate, Examine,
statement, respond
Organise, Deconstruct, Categorise,
Probe, Integrate, Structure, to text, matching
Distinguish columns
Question X Will address
VALUES AND Level 3: Question X Society and
ATTITUDES, Validate, Check ….. Environment within * * 12 * * 20 * * 24
Section SOCIETY AND Hypothesise, Critique a content field.
C ENVIRONMENT Experiment, Judge, Test
(Values/ Attitude) Detect, Monitor, Develop
Design, Construct, Plan
20% Produce, Invent, Devise
Make, Formulate
Total value of Specific Aims covered i.e. integrate SA 1 and 3 within content of SA 2. 30 18 12 50 30 20 60 36 24
Notes:
Questions set within a technology context to assess Technical understanding
Questions follow number sequence across the paper. Each Section may have more than two questions.
Not all Sections must show integration of SA 1 and 3.
No question paper will always match the % weighting for Specific Aims or Cognitive levels. A deviation of 5% could be considered acceptable
Ref: * = Marks allocated must show coverage of all content areas. Values may change across content areas.
8. GUIDELINES FOR QUALITY PRACTICAL ASSESSMENT TASK (PAT)
8.1. Practical Assessment Task (PAT)
Definition:
A set of short practical assessment tasks which make up the main formal
assessment of a learner’s skills, knowledge and values and their application of them
during a particular term i.e. term 1 and 3 of each grade. It may be an assignment
covering aspects of the design process, or it may be a full capability task covering all
aspects of the design process (IDMEC). It is composed of a variety of forms of
assessment suited to the range of activities that make up a PAT in line with the
Annual Teaching Plan (ATP) of the grade.
Purpose:
A PAT is intended to formalise the practical component of Technology

contextualised within acknowledge focus. Practical activities should make up at
least 57% of a PAT’s mark allocation.
gned to give learners the opportunity to

develop and demonstrate their levels of ability (i.e. capability) as they progress
through the task’s activities.
on one of the knowledge foci of Technology (viz.

structures, mechanical systems and control, electrical/electronic systems and
control and processing), but may be integrated and may target more than one
knowledge focus.
Investigate – Design – Make – Evaluate – Communicate.
ess happening in a fixed sequence.
aspects of the design process each

term.
ent task and must be planned with

other school activities.
A learner must present the full design process once as a Practical Assessment Task
in term 3 of each grade. This meets the requirement of one project per subject per
annum.
ssess learner performance in a Practical

Assessment Task is an analytical rubric to page 44).
29
Comparison: Holistic rubric versus Analytic rubric
HOLISTIC RUBRIC (70)
LEVEL DESCRIPTION MARKS
Learner did not complete or did not submit all or some of the
required Design Processes Stages e.g. Investigation not complete or
1 done/ drawings not submitted/ not according to the required
technique/the model incomplete or not submitted/ overall 1-11
0-19 % workmanship poor/ presentation by a learner not aligned to the team/
learner did not co-operate with other members of the team in
completing the required task/etc.
Learner completed some or did not submit some of the required

Design Processes Stages e.g. Investigation not complete or done/
2 drawings not submitted/ not according to the required technique/the
model incomplete or not submitted/ overall workmanship poor/ 12-29
20-49% presentation by a learner not aligned to the team/ learner did not co-
operate with other members of the team in completing the required
task/etc. The Design processes required is fairly present.
Learner completed most of the required Design Processes Stages

e.g. Investigation mostly complete or done/ drawings mostly
submitted/ according to the required technique but not complete/the
3 model mostly completed/ overall workmanship good although can be
improved on/ presentation by a learner mostly aligned to the team/ 30-47
50-79% learner mostly co-operate with other members of the team in
completing the required task/etc. The Design processes required is
creative and there is evidence of developed skills working with hands
/ model is fitted well and rounding off.
Learner completed all of the required Design Processes Stages e.g.

Investigation completed / drawings submitted/ and according to the
required technique /the model mostly completed/ overall
4 workmanship very good / presentation by a learner aligned to the
team/ learner co-operate with other members of the team in 48-70
80-100% completing the required task/etc. The Design processes required is
very creative and very good skills working with hands was displayed/
the model is neat and according to the design brief, specifications
and constraints.
30
ANALYTIC RUBRIC (70)
1-2 3-4 5-6 7 MARK

LEVEL and %
(0-19) (20-49) (50-79) (80-100) ACHIEVED
Investigation Investigation (research/ case Some aspects of the investigation Most of the aspects in the All aspects of the investigation
study/etc.) not done and no (research/ case study/etc.) done. investigation (research/case (research/case study/etc.)
evidence of submission. In some Investigation not completed. Some study/etc.) completed although completed. Investigation done but
cases, an investigation has been
(1-4) references have been the investigation is not completed. not completed. At least 8-10
submitted a lot of plagiarism has
been observed and references (0) credited in the investigation. Most (5-7) references have been references have been credited in
not credited. credited in the investigation. the investigation.
Design
Design Brief, Design brief, specification and Some of the required aspects of Most of the required aspects of All required aspects of the design
Specifications constraints not written and no the design brief, specification and the design brief, specification and brief, specification and constraints
and Constraints evidence of submission. A few of constraints have been outlined. constraints have been outlined. have been written. These are
the aspects of the Design brief
Some of the specifications and These are mostly aligned to the aligned to the problem
have been highlighted but the
specification and constraints not constraints are aligned to the problem statement/ scenario/ statement/scenario/ context.
done. problem statement/ scenario/ context.
context.
Sketching/Initial Initial ideas (0) have not been An initial idea (1) has been Initial ideas (2) have been Initial ideas (2) have been
ideas and developed. In some cases, they developed. Although completed, developed. Although completed, developed. They are complete
selection of have been attempted although some correct sketching technique most correct sketching technique and the correct sketching
final idea not completed, and/or an
have been attempted. Some of the have been attempted. Most of technique has been applied. All
incorrect sketching technique has
been applied. No list of advantages and disadvantages are advantages at disadvantages advantages at disadvantages
advantages and disadvantages listed (2 of each) although limited compares the two initial ideas (at compares the two initial ideas (at
for the selected idea. to only one idea. least 3 each). least 4 each).
Making
Formal Working Formal working drawing not done Formal working drawing and Formal working drawing and Formal working drawing and
Drawings nor submitted. The correct required drawing technique required drawing technique required drawing technique
drawing technique attempted but attempted. Some of the achieved. Most of the achieved outstandingly. All the
drawing not completed.
conventions (line types, scale, conventions (line types, scale, conventions (line types, scale,
Conventions not followed e.g. line
types, dimensions, etc. dimensions, etc.) attempted and dimensions, etc.) achieved and dimensions, etc.) achieved and
the working drawing is almost the working drawing is complete. the working drawing is complete.
complete.
Model A proto-type model has not been A proto-type model has been A proto-type model has been A proto-type model has been
submitted or is incomplete. Safe completed. The model is not completed. The model is working completed. The model is working
31
32
working practices and care for working as envisaged. Some safe as envisaged. Most safe working beyond the set expectations with
tools not observed during the working practices and care for practices and care for tools were innovative ideas developed. All
making process. tools were observed during the observed during the making safe working practices and care
making process. process. for tools were observed during the
making process.
Evaluation
Processes There is no evidence of There is some evidence of There is a lot of evidence of the There is a lot of evidence of the
evaluation of the processes of evaluation of processes of Design evaluation of processes been critical and creative evaluation of
Design during developmental during developmental stage undertaken during developmental processes conducted during
stage or evidence of some
stage of the Design process. developmental stage of the
evaluation of processes available.
Design process.
Improvements There is no evidence of Some evidence exists that Most of the evidence exists that Evidence exists that innovative
suggested improvements after suggested improvements after suggested constructive improvements after evaluation of
evaluation of the process has evaluation of the process has improvements after evaluation of the process has taken place and
taken place and/or no evidence of
taken place and evidence of some the process has taken place and evidence of innovative suggested
suggested improvements.
suggested improvements. evidence of most some improvements.
suggested improvements.
Communication
Presentation Not all team members Some of the team members Most team members participated All team members participated
participated during presentation participated during the team’s as a member of a team during the optimally during the presentation
of their suggested solution. Team presentation of their suggested presentation of their suggested of their suggested solution. All the
members were not prepared for solution. Some of them were well solution. Most of them were well members were well prepared.
the presentation. The team did prepared. Although the team used prepared. The team used ICT The team effectively used ICT
not use ICT resources in their ICT resources in their presentation resources effectively and their resources effectively and their
presentation, no display charts, and display charts, etc visual displays e.g. charts, etc visual displays e.g. charts, etc
etc. technicalities affected their resulted in the desired effect. resulted in them achieving their
presentation and did not achieve desired result.
their desired effect.
Portfolio of Learner did not submit or The learner submitted some of the The learner submitted most of the The learner submitted all the
Evidence – PoE submitted some parts of the parts of the Portfolio of Evidences parts of the Portfolio of Evidences parts of the Portfolio of Evidences
“Portfolio of Evidence” i.e. i.e. completed PAT or model that is i.e. completed PAT and/or model i.e. completed PAT and the model
(PAT + Model) uncompleted PAT or model which
partially working. that is partially working. that working.
is not working.
TOTAL
The formal assessment requirements for Technology are as follows:
40 marks 70 PAT marks
33
Formal Assessment in Technology – Grade 7-9
INFORMAL FORMAL ASSESSMENT: TERM MARKS

DAILY
ASSESSMENTS Practical Task and Theory Test / Examination
Enabling Tasks Practical Assessment Term Term

Task Test/Examination Mark
(June and end of
year)
Term 1 70% 30% 100%
Term 2 0% 100% 100%
Term 3 0% 70% 30% 100%
CASS Components: 40%
Term 4 0% 100% 100%
End of the year Examination Component: 60%
Promotion Mark: CASS 40% + End of the Year Exam 60% = 100%
34
EXEMPLAR 1: Formal Assessment Task Grade 7 Term 1 - 4
GRADE 7
TERM 1
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND CONTROL
JAWS-OF- LIFE
(RESCUE SYSTEM)
PAT
(PRACTICAL ASSESSMENT TASK)
Name and Surname: ___________________________________
Class: __________
35
PROBLEM STATEMENT / SCENARIO/ CONTEXT
Emergency workers use Jaws-of-life systems to rescue trapped

accident victims. The Jaws –of –life is a set of very powerful
machines that are used to rescue trapped accident victims. The
most well-known are the cutter and spreader.
36
ACTIVITY 1 (IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY/MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND CONTROL)
Pneumatics and Hydraulics
Use pneumatics and hydraulics to obtain a mechanical advantage.
Pneumatic and hydraulic systems are used to transmit force from one another. These
systems are used to obtain to mechanical advantage in a variety of machines.
This is hydraulic system. The force is transferred from the mastyer cylider to the slave
cylinder.The master cylider is the the one you press and the slave cylider is the one that
responds.
Pneumatic machines
Air transfers force in pneumatic system.
Hydraulic machines.
Force is transferred from one point to another through a liquid in hydraulic systems.
37
1.1. PRACTICAL INVESTIGATION
1.1.1 Force transfer between two equal syringes with 1. Air & 2. Water
A) Two equal syringes filled with air.

1. Connect two syringes of the same size.
2. Do not add water.
3. Pull the plunger to fill syringe with air from the second one syringe.
B) Two equal syringes filled with water

1. Use a bowl or bucket of water
2. Hold one syringe under water.
3. Pull the plunger to fill the syringe.
4. Connect the tubing.
5. Press and pull the plunger until the tube and syringe are full.
(Try not to get air into the system)
6. Connect the second syringe (With plunger pushed in)
7. Push the first plunger.
38
1.1.2 Force transfer between two unequal syringes with 1.Air & 2.Water
In pneumatic systems force is transferred through air.
In hydraulic systems force is transferred through a liquid, for example, water or
oil.
Work in groups and carry out the following instructions.
1. Press the master cylinder and observe what happens to the slave cylinder.
2. The slave plunger moves out when the master is pushed in.
3. Now add some pressure on the slave cylinder.
Look at the table below; complete the right –hand column by choosing the correct
words.
EQUAL SYRINGES FORCE TRANSFER FROM MASTER TO

SALVE
1.Air : 5ml master to 5ml slave MORE/LESS/REMAIN THE SAME
2.Water: 5ml master to 5ml slave MORE/LESS/REMAIN THE SAME
UNEQUAL SYRINGES FORCE TRANSFER FROM MASTER TO

SLAVE
1.Air: 10ml master to 20ml slave MORE/LESS/REMAIN THE SAME
2.Water:10ml master to 20 ml slave MORE/LESS/REMAIN THE SAME
(20)
ACTIVITY 2
DESIGN SKILLS
2.1 Learners develop a working model of hydraulic-syringe powered, linked -lever
rescue device using simple materials.
2.1.1. Write the design brief:
39
2.1.2. List 4 specifications:
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2.1.3. List 2 constraints.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
(7)
RUBRIC: Writing the Design Brief Teacher Assessment MODE: Team

CODE Level Descriptor: The team … Marks
7 The design brief is complete and has all specifications and all constraints
6 The design brief is complete and has all specifications and some constraints
5 The design brief is complete and has most specifications and some constraints
4 The design brief is complete and has some specifications and some
constraints
3 The design brief is incomplete and has some specifications but lacks
constraints
2 The design brief is complete but has no specifications nor constraints
1 The design brief is incomplete and has no specifications nor constraints
2.2. Sketching:
2.2.1. use the space bellow to Draw a 3d drawing of the idea in oblique projection using
dark and feint lines. (10)
RUBRIC FOR ANOTHER SKETCH
Code Descriptors Marks

7 Sketch very well drawn, clearly shows all working parts, and
has explanatory labels
5 – 6 Sketch well drawn, clearly shows the working of both the levers
and hydraulics
3 – 4 Sketch gives some idea of the device and how the levers OR
the hydraulics work
1 – 2 No sketch or sketch very poor; cannot determine what the
learner has in mind
40
41
2.2.2 Sketch: use the space bellow to Draw working in 2D showing one view with
dimensions to scale. (10)
42
ACTIVITY 3
MAKING SKILLS: Learners make a simple working model.
At a minimum, the “jaws –of life “model may be a simple device representing any
one machine in the “Jaws –of life” system will work using plastic tubing,
syringe(s)and cardboard.
(23)
RUBRIC FOR A PRODUCT
Teacher Assessment Team Work

CODE Level descriptor Marks
7 The device is fit-for-purpose, well-designed and well made,
works well and is effective. It has required safety considerations: it
can be switched on and switches off automatically. It has a
master/main switch to override the power if anything goes wrong
5-6 The device works, is fairly well-designed and made, It has some
of the required safety considerations mentioned above but not all:
3-4 The device does not work, although it is fairly well-designed and
made, It has a few of the required safety considerations mentioned
above but not all:
1-2 The device is far from complete and untidy, the design will not
work.
OR
RUBRIC FOR A MODEL

Rating Descriptors Marks
7 The model is strong and well-constructed. It is stable and safe.
The device does give a mechanical advantage because the
master and slave cylinders are the correct sizes AND because the
levers are correctly linked.
5–6 The model is strong and well-constructed. It is stable and safe.
The device does give a mechanical advantage because the
master and slave cylinders are the correct sizes OR because the
levers are correctly linked.
3–4 The model is strong but poorly constructed. It is not very stable
and might be dangerous if used. The device does give a
mechanical advantage because the master and slave cylinders
are the correct sizes OR because the levers are correctly linked.
The model is flimsy and poorly constructed. It is very unstable and
1–2 would be dangerous if used. The device does not give a
mechanical advantage either because the master and slave
cylinders are the incorrect sizes, or because the levers are
incorrectly linked.
43
EXEMPLAR 2: Formal Assessment Task Grade 7 Term 1–Controlled Test
TECHNOLOGY
COMMON ASSESSMENT
QUESTION PAPER
GRADE 7
MARKS : _____ / 60
TIME : 1 hour
This question paper consists of 10 pages.
44
NAME OF DISTRICT :________________________________________________
NAME OF CIRCUIT :________________________________________________
NAME OF CLUSTER :________________________________________________
NAME AND SURNAME :________________________________________________
NAME OF SCHOOL :________________________________________________
GRADE :___________
NAME OF TEACHER :________________________________________________
LEARNER SIGNATURE: __________________________ DATE: ______________
MARKS MODERATED
QUESTIONS POSSIBLE MARKS
OBTAINED MARK
1 14
2 10
3 15
4 4
5 6
6 4
7 7
TOTAL 60
SIGNATURE OF TEACHER: ____________________ DATE: _____________
SIGNATURE OF HOD :________________________( MODERATED) DATE: ______________
45
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Make sure you have all 13 pages clearly printed.
2. Write your name, class and initial of your teacher on each answer sheet
3. All answers must be completed on the question paper.
4. 15 minutes reading time is allowed.
5. The invigilator will tell you when you may start to write.
6. Only use a blue pen when answering the questions.
7. All sketches or drawing must be done in pencil.
8. Write neatly and legibly.
9. Read the instructions for EACH question carefully.
10. Consult the rubrics and marks allocated to guide you when answering the
questions.
SPECIFIC AIMS ASSESSED
TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND SKILLS 50% 30 Marks

TECHNOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING 30% 18 Marks
TECHNOLOGY, SOCIETY AND THE ENVIRONMENT 20% 12 Marks
46
QUESTION 1 (IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY)
Read the article below then answer the questions that follow: [14]
Every day in the United States, fires cause damage to an average of 1,700 homes, 300
apartment buildings, 61 schools, 69 restaurants and 135 industrial plants.
On an annual basis, fires will:

Claim over 12,000 lives in USA
Injure over 300,000 people of which 50,000 will be confined to hospital for 6 weeks to 2
years
Destroy 12 billion dollars’ worth of property
There is no such thing as fireproofing. Cement, steel, bricks and even stone will distort,
glassify or break up when the temperature is high enough. The object of flame-resistant
material is to reduce the flames spreading rapidly and causing a conflagration.
Cooking containers such as paraffin stoves or candles often overturn and set hundreds
of shacks alight. Flammable liquids, gas and electrical appliances, if left unattended,
can cause enormous damage.
All flame-retard products on the market today are intended to retard flames in fabrics,
carpets, wood etc. The coatings and chemicals provide a protective barrier by
producing a non-combustible gas that prevents the ignition and spread of fire. These are
intended to set up a thermal barrier to reduce the flame spread and to allow humans to
escape from the building. Some products can be effective at retarding flame spread and
reducing toxic fumes and smoke inhalation by 90%. Smoke inhalation is more
frequently the cause of death than burns.
http://www.firetech.com/information.htm
47
1.1. What is the difference between fire-proof and flame-resistant? (2)
1.2. If a term is on average NINE weeks long, how many schools are likely to burn down
in the States in a term? (2)
1.3. Give TWO examples of flammable liquids. (2)
1.4. Explain what you understand by the terms:
1.4.1. Thermal barrier (2)
1.4.2. Toxic fumes (2)
1.4.1. What TWO substances can provide a protective barrier to prevent flames
spreading? (2)
QUESTION 2 (LEVER AND LINKAGES)
In each of the cases below, state which classes each lever belongs to [4]
2.1.
2.2.
48
Fill in the fixed and moving pivots. Insert arrows to show the direction of movement of
the linkage systems. [6]
2.3.
2.4.
2.5.
QUESTION 3 (MECHANICAL SYSTEMS)
Answer the following questions [15]
3.1. What is a hydraulic system? (2)
3.2 How is a hydraulic system different from a pneumatic system? (2)
3.3. Draw simple diagrams to show the effort, load, and fulcrum of the following levers.
(6)
LEVER DIAGRAM
3.3.1. Stapler
3.3.2. Bottle opener
3.3.3. Hammer
removing a nail
49
3.4. State which class (first, second or third) of levers each of the levers belongs to.
3.4.1 Stapler (1)
3.4.2 Bottle opener (1)
3.4.3 Hammer removing a nail (1)
3.5. Explain what Mechanical Advantage is. (2)
QUESTION 4 (DESIGN CONSIDERATION)
During the investigation stage, we have to examine existing products. While we are
doing so, we have to keep in mind such aspects as people, purpose, appearance,
environment, safety and cost.
Match the explanations in Column B with the correct aspect in Column A. [4]
Column A Column B Answer
1 People A What impact does the product have on the

environment; where and under what conditions is it
used?
2 Purpose B Who is the product for: the age/gender of the

people, their culture/religion?
3 Appearance D What need/want/problem is the product

addressing?
4 Environment C What does the product look like, why does it look
like this, what type of material is used, what are the
reasons for using this material?
QUESTION 5 (TWO –DIMENSIONAL VIEWS)
5.1. Study the drawings below. For each of the drawings, fill in the missing view. [6]
(2)
50
(2)
(2)
5.2 In the above drawings, which view is represented by A and B respectively? (2)
5.3 In 2-D drawings, a horizontal line separates the two views of the object. Which view
is drawn?
5.3.1 above the horizontal line (1)
5.3.2 below the horizontal line? (1)
QUESTION 6 (DESIGN AND MECHANICAL SYSTEMS)
MULTIPLE CHOICES
Read each question and write the letter that represents the correct answer. [4]
6.1. Which of the following is an example of a constraint that will be included in a

design brief?
A. You have three hours to complete the task
B. Work with a partner
C. Take care when working with scissors
51
D. The mechanism must make 180° turn.
6.2. A third class lever ……..

A. Has the load between the fulcrum and the effort
B. Makes the task easier
C. Always provide mechanical advantage
D. Is a lever in which the load moves in the same direction as the force you apply
6.3. An example of a third class lever is…..

A. A tennis player hitting the ball
B. A wheel barrow
C. The lid of a suitcase
D. A pair of scissors
6.4. An example of a machine that works using pneumatic is ….

A. A jack used to lift a car to change tyre
B. A front - end loader
C. The breaking system of a motor vehicle
D. A dentist’s drill
QUESTION 7 (OBLIQUE DRAWING) [7]

Draw a full scale (1:1) 3 D drawing of the match box below with the length of 40mm,
height of 10 mm and depth of 10mm.Do not erase your construction lines. Use the
squared grid provided below.
Assessment criteria ( ) mark

Title (1)
Scale (1:1) indicated (1)
Construction lines are included and they are feint lines (1)
The corners have been projected at 45° (1)
Correct dimensions used (1)
Outlines are dark (1)
52
NAME AND SURNAME:______________________________SCALE:___________ TITLE:__________________________
53
TECHNOLOGY
COMMON ASSESSMENT
MARKING MEMORANDUM
GRADE 7
MARKS : _____ / 60
TIME : 1 hour
This marking memorandum consists of 8 pages.
54
QUESTION 1 [14]
1.1. Fire-proof means it will never burn.
Flame-resistant – reduces flames spreading. (2)
1.2. 3843 (61 X 9 weeks X 7 days) (2)
1.3. Petrol, benzene, paraffin, etc. (ANY OF THE TWO) (2)
1.4.
1.4.1. Thermal barrier – heat cannot pass through (2)
1.4.2. Toxic fumes – poisonous fumes (2)
1.5. Coatings and chemicals (2)
QUESTION 2 [10]
2.1. First class
2.2. Second class
2.3
2.4.
55
2.5
QUESTION 3 [13]
3.1. A hydraulic system is a liquid (water or oil) in an enclosed system which makes
movements smoother and stronger. (2)
3.2 Hydraulic system uses a liquid and a pneumatic system uses air. (2)
3.3.
3.3.1. Stapler – the effort is somewhere between the fulcrum and the load. (2)
E
L
3.3.2. Bottle opener – the effort is somewhere between the fulcrum and the load. (2)
L L
F
C) Hammer – the fulcrum is somewhere between the effort and the load. (2)
L E
56
3.4. Third class lever (1)
.
3.5. Mechanical Advantage is how much faster and easier a machine can make your
work. (2)
QUESTION 4 [4]
Column A Column B
1 – People B – Who is the product for: the age/gender of the
people, their culture/religion?
2 – Purpose D – What need/want/problem is the product
addressing?
3 – Appearance C – What does the product look like, why does it look
like this, what type of material is used, what are the
reasons for using this material?
4 – Environment A – What impact does the product have on the
environment; where and under what conditions is it
used?
QUESTION 5
5.1.
57
5.2 A – Front view and B – Top view (2)
5.3
5.3.1 Front view (1)
5.3.2 Top view (1)
QUESTION 6 [4]
6.1. A
6.2. D
6.3. A
6.4. D
QUESTION 7 [6]
Assessment criteria ( )
mark
Title (1)
Scale (1:1) indicated (1)
Construction lines are included and they are (1)
feint lines
The corners have been projected at 45° (1)
Correct dimensions used (1)
Outlines are dark (1)
58
N.B.DIMENSSIONS NOT ISSUED CREDIT ALL LEARNERS WITH ONE (1) MARK
Construction Lines
(Feint Lines)
Connecting lines correctly drawn
Outlines (Dark) 45 Angle
NAME AND SURNAME: BENEDICT MOENG SCALE: 1:1 TITLE: OBLIQUE DRAWING
TOTAL: 60
END OF THE MARKING MEMORANDUM
59
Exemplar 3: Mid – Year Examination
TECHNOLOGY
GRADE 7
JUNE MID – YEAR EXAMINATION 2017
QUESTION AND ANSWER SHEET
MARKS : 60 TIME : 1 hour
NAME AND SURNAME :________________________________________

NAAM OF SCHOOL :________________________________________
NAME OF TEACHER :________________________________________
LEARNER SIGNATURE: _____________________ DATE: ______________
60
QUESTION MARKS OBTAINED AND
POSSIBLE MARKS
MODERATED
1 30
2 18
3 12
TOTAL 60
TEACHER SIGNATURE: ______________________ DATE: _______________
HOD SIGNATURE:___________________________DATE:________________

INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Write your name, class and initial of your teacher on the top part of page 1.
2. This paper consists of 9 pages
questions.
61
SECTION A
QUESTION 1 (TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND SKILLS)
READ THE FOLLOWING CASE STUDY:
CASE STUDY/PROBLEM
Cell phone towers are common all over South-Africa. The reason for that is because
most people use cell phones in their daily lives to communicate with each other.
Landlines are still being used but people prefer to carry around a phone in their
pocket so they can be contacted at any time and do the same with other people.
The weather patterns have changed in SA over the last couple of years and because
of storms with strong winds are more common. Because the cell phone towers
weren’t designed to sustain these conditions they have started to fall over.
A cell phone company has asked your team to manage the project and solve this
problem. They have a few requirements the towers must contain. The material to
build the structure must be light, strong and have the characteristics of aluminum.
Triangulation must be use and the type of structure must be a frame. The towers
height must be 30m and the base dimensions must be 6m x 6m. Anker cables must
be used to ensure that the tower won’t fall over when it is exposed to strong winds.
The company said that they would prefer that the tower is not made in different parts
and put together on site because this could influence the strength of the structure
although it would be easier to transport. The budget for the project is R30 000 per
tower. The tower may not be welded together.
62
1.1.1) Write a design brief of two to three sentences to describe what the problem is
and what must be done to solve it. (3)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
1.1.2) Write down THREE specifications the tower must consist of? (3)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
1.1.3) Write down TWO constraints regarding the project. (2)

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
1.2) The design process is made out of different stages that needs to be completed.
Problem Statement, Investigate, Design, Make, Evaluate and Communicate.
Indicate what stage of the design process can be used in the following statements:
1.2.1) Investigate different types of materials that can be used to construct the tower. (1)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
1.2.2) Identify the real problem that needs to be solved. (1)

______________________________________________________________________
63
1.2.3) Draw TWO freehand drawings to illustrate different designs. (6)
Sketch 1 Sketch 2
Advantages Disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages
1.2.4) Compile the sequence of steps to manufacture a project. (1)
1.2.5) Construct a statement to ensure the model is complying with all

specifications (1)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
64
1.3) Use ANNEXURE A design and draw a cell phone tower and include all the
specifications and constraints to solve the problem. Make use of different drawing
techniques (Perspective Drawings: Single or Double Point Perspective) by using
different types of lines and make use of captions. Complete the title block and use the
rubric to complete your design. (15)
[30]
SECTION B
QUESTION 2 (TECHNOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING)
Study the following illustrations of structures and answer the questions that
follow:
A C
Answer the following questions by writing down the correct letters.
2.1) Indicate which of the illustrations are man-made structures? (3)

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2.2) Indicate which of the illustrations are natural structures? (3)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
65
2.3) Which of the illustrations are frame structures? (2)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2.4) Which of the illustrations are shell structures? (2)

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2.5) Which of the illustrations are solid structures (2)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Indicate if the following statements are true or false:
2.6) Shell structures are made out of different part being added together. (1)
____________
2.7) Frame structures are solid (1)

____________
2.8) Shell structures are strong because of it shape (1)

____________
2.9) Triangulations is the use of circles to reinforce a structure (1)

____________
2.10) Structures are being designed to keep things covered or to protect it. (1)
____________
2.11) Structures are being designed to support things and keep them up (1)
____________
[18]
66
SECTION C
QUESTION 3 (TECHNOLOGY, SOCIETY AND THE ENVIRONMENT)
There are different reasons why cell phone towers can influence the society and
environment in a negative manner one of the reasons are that it doesn’t fit into the
environment and is making visual pollution. Cell phone towers can fall over and injure
people, children can climb onto the structure and people can get hurt by electrical shock
due to the different components that needs to be installed.
3.1) Answer the following questions:
3.1.1) Name TWO ways a cell phone tower can be camouflaged to fit into the
environment? (2)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3.1.2) Describe what is installed on the top of the cell phone tower to prevent airplanes
of crashing into them? (3)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3.1.3) Describe three ways people can get hurt by cell phone towers? (3)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3.1.4) Describe what cell phone companies must build around the tower to prevent
people of coming near them? (3)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3.1.5) Name ONE ways of how cell phone towers can be strengthened to keep them
from falling over? (1)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
[12]
67
68
ANNEXTURE A (Refer to question 1.3)
Descriptions Possible Marks

marks obtained
Complete the title block: name, 2
class, title and date
Use different drawing techniques: 3
Outlines, Constructions and hidden
detail
Captions 2
Triangulations 2
Frame structure 2
Anker cables 2
Good design 2
TOTAL 15/_____
NAME AND SURNAME: CLASS: TITLE: DATE:

TECHNOLOGY
GRADE 7
COMMON ASSESMENT
JUNE 2017
MEMORANDUM
MARKS : 60
TIME : 1 hour
69
QUESTION 1 (TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND SKILLS) [30 MARKS]
1.1.1) The weather patterns have changed in SA over the last couple of years and
because of storms with strong winds are more common. Because the cell phone
towers weren’t designed to sustain these conditions they have started to fall over.
A new tower needs to be designed to withstand these conditions. (3)
1.1.2) Any of the following THREE.

Light weight material must be such as aluminium
Triangulation must be used to strengthen the structure
It must be a frame structure
The structure must be 30m high and the base 6m x 6m.
Anker cables must be used to strengthen the structure (3)
1.1.3) Any of the following TWO

The structure must not be made in different parts
The budget is R30 000
The structure may not be welded together (2)
1.2)
1.2.1) investigate (1)
2.2.2) problem (1)
2.2.3) design (2)
2.2.4) make (1)
2.2.5) evaluate (1)
TOTAL 30/
QUESTION 2 (TECHNOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING) [18 MARKS]
2.1) B, C, D (3)
2.2) A, E, F (3)
2.3) B, E (2)
2.4) A, E (2)
2.5) D, F (2)
70
Indicate if the following statements are true or false:
2.6) false (1)
2.7) false (1)
2.8) true (1)
2.9) false (1)
2.10) true (1)
2.11) true (1)
TOTAL 18/
QUESTION 3 (TECHNOLOGY, SOCIETY AND THE ENVIRONMENT) [12 MARKS]

3)
3.1)
Assessment Possible Marks

marks obtained
Complete the title block: name, 2
class, title en date
Use different drawing techniques: 3
Outlines, Constructions an hidden
detail
Captions 2
Triangulations 2
Frame structure 2
Anker cables 2
Good design 2
(15)
3.1.1) Water tower, tree AND church tower (2)

3.1.2) A red blinking light (3)
3.1.3) electrical shock, falling of the tower and tower can fall over (3)
3.1.4) A high fence with a gate so only certain people can access it. (3)
3.1.5) Triangulation and Anker cables (1)
TOTAL 12
End of the marking memorandum
71
GRADE 7
TERM 3
STRUCTURES AND
ELECTRICITY/CRANKS/PULLEYS
DESIGN A MODEL CRANE
PAT
(PRACTICAL ASSESSMENT TASK)
Name and Surname: ___________________________________
Class: __________ Mark: _______ /70

Assessment
Description of Assessment Activity Possible Achieved

Mark Mark
Investigate: Identify cranks and pulleys
5
Design: Write a design brief with specifications and
constraints 15
Make:
Sketch your ideas 10
Draw a flow chart 5
Draw a circuit diagram 8
Model crane with electromagnet 17
TECHNOLOGYDevelop
Evaluate: GRADE 7 - 9 an
SCHOOL sheet (SBA) GUIDELINES Page 765of 179
BASED ASSESSMENT
evaluation
72
Investigate
Study all four images of the cranes.
Look at where the cranks are placed and mark each crank with the letter C. Mark
each pulley with the letter P.
73
Design
A scrap metal dealer sorts magnetic and non-magnetic metals into separate piles for
recycling. They use a crane with a magnet, but find it difficult to remove the metal pieces
from the magnet. They need a magnet that can be switched on and off to help with this.
The company wants you to design and build a model crane that:
Should be a simple frame structure,

Should be made strong, stiff and reinforced through triangulation,
Should work with a pulley and a crank mechanism,
Should pivot, or it should raise and lower its arm, and
Is made from any materials. Some can be bought, while others can be simple
materials, such as paper dowels or elephant grass.
The crane should have an electromagnet attached to its arm. The electromagnet:
Should have a soft iron core made from a bundle of short lengths of iron wire,
Must have a switch so that it can be switched on and off,
Must be strong enough to pick up several steel paperclips, nails or coins
Design brief with specifications and constraints
1. Now write the design brief. Use the answers of the questions you have just
answered to help you.
2. Identify the specifications.
List the specifications for the model crane.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………..
List specifications for the electromagnet.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Identify constrains, if there are any.

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
Total [15]
74
Sketching your ideas
Use this checklist to make sure that you have included everything.
Things to look at Sketch 1(Tick) Sketch 2

(Tick)
Does your Sketch (drawing) have a heading?
Did you label the different parts?
Did you indicate the materials you will use?
Sketch 1.
Advantages Disadvantages
75
Sketch 2.
Advantages Disadvantages
Total [10]
Briefly explain your final Design (Sketch) choice:
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
76
Plan to make the crane.
You will build the model together as a team.
1. Look at all the designs. Each member will have two designs to offer. Discuss all
the designs. Decide which design the team will build.
2. Make a list of all the materials you plan to use to build your model.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Make a list of all the tools you will use to build the model, for example the tools
that you will use to measure and cut with.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Think about your own safety when you use tools. Some tools can be dangerous if
used incorrectly. Write down one safety rule for one of the tools you will use.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……….......................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
Plan to make an electromagnet
1. List the materials you will use for the electromagnet.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. List the equipment you will use to build the electromagnet and its circuit. Make
sure you use the correct tools. Don`t cut wire with scissors.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Write at least one safety rule to follow while making the electromagnet
..……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
77
Draw a flowchart of the method you will follow to build the electromagnet and its
circuit. This task will be assessed.
Total [5]
78
Draw a circuit diagram
Indicate on your circuit diagram:
1. The heading. That will be what the diagram is for.

2. The positive and negative poles on the battery.
3. The direction of the flow of current. Use an arrow to show the direction the
current will flow in.
4. The correct symbols for the different components.
79
Build the crane and electromagnet
Make sure that the joints are well made and strong
Measure the structural members accurately. This will contribute to a stable crane
that balances properly.
Make the crank and insert it in its mounting.
Make the pulley
Make sure that the frame is strong and firm enough where the pulley will be
attached to the frame. Attach the pulley to the crane.
Electromagnet
Attach the pulley to the crane.

Complete the electromagnet
Assemble the electrical circuit for the electromagnet.
Attach the circuit to the crane
Add the counterweight materials to the crane so that it will balance and not fall
over.
Evaluate and make any changes you think are necessary. Total [17]
Develop an evaluation sheet
Work on your own. Make a list of the feature the crane model must have. Use your list of
specifications to help you.
Here is an example:
The crane needs to work properly

The crane needs to lift metal objects
This evaluation sheet will be used to evaluate your own model and the models that the
other groups have built. Total [5]
Communication - (Oral presentations)
Each person`s oral presentation will be assessed separately. Your teacher will use an
evaluation sheet like the one below to assess you. Total [5]
Criteria
The learner speaks clearly so that everyone can hear
The learner speaks confidently. Knows the work and what he/she wants to say
The learner makes eye contact with learners sitting in front and back of the class
The learner explains his /her own role in the project
The learner shows and demonstrates the model/drawing/diagram
80
TECHNOLOGY
GRADE 7
COMMON ASSESSMENT
NOVEMBER 2016
MARKS : 60
TIME : 1 hour
81
NAME OF PROVINCE :________________________________________
NAME OF DISTRICT :________________________________________
NAME AND SURNAME :________________________________________
NAME OF SCHOOL :________________________________________
GRADE :___________
NAME OF TEACHER :________________________________________
QUESTIONS POSSIBLE MARKS MARKS OBTAINED

1.1. 3
1.2. 3
1.3. 1
2.1. 6
3.1 17
4.1. 8
5.1. 3
6.1. 4
7.1. 3
8.1.1. 2
8.1.2. 10
TOTAL 60
82
INSTRUCTIONS:
11. Complete page 2 of the top section of the question and answer sheet.
13. 15 minutes extra reading time.
15. Only use a black or a blue pen when answering the questions.
16. All sketches or drawing must be done in pencil with labels in pen.
questions.

83
TECHNOLOGICAL DESIGN PROCESS AND SKILLS [30 marks]
QUESTION 1: DESIGN AND IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY

READ THE FOLLOWING SCENARIO CAREFULLY:
SCENARIO/PROBLEM STATEMENT
A Grade R class in your school needs toys for children aged 2 to 6 years. They ask
your Grade 7 Technology class to help them by making these toys. The School
Governing Body does not have money to spend on these toys.
Design and make a toy of your choice.
Question 1 (DESIGN – DESIGN BRIEF, SPECIFICATIONS AND CONSTRAINTS)

Answer the following Questions:
1.1. Write a Design Brief in ONE or TWO sentences indicating clearly what is it you
are going to design and make to solve the problem (3)
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
1.2. List 3 design Specifications from the given scenario. (3)
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
1.3. Write ONE Constraint that is limiting the developmental process of solving the
given problem. (1)
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
84
QUESTION 2 (DESIGN – 2D AND 3D DRAWINGS)
2.1. Evaluate the drawings of structures below and decide which are 2D and which are
3D drawings. (6)
A. ______ B. _____
C. ______ D. ______
E. ______ F. ______
QUESTION 3 (DESIGN – PERSPECTIVE DRAWING)

3.1. Draw an open matchbox of the illustration below using single point perspective
technique in Annexure A grid attached. Add texture rendering by means of a
pencil or by adding colour to make the product to look real. (17)
Figure 1
85
86
ANNEXURE A
X
Descriptors Possible Obtained

Mark Mark
Outlines 2
Construction 2
Hidden detail 2
Interpretation 6
Texture Rendering/
Colour 3
Title 2
TOTAL 17
NAME AND SURNAME: CLASS: TITLE: DATE:

TECHNOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING [18 marks]
QUESTION 4 (SYSTEMS AND CONTROL - MECHANICAL)

4.1. Investigate the sketches below and differentiate them according to the letter of the
correct class of lever.
(8)
Figure 2
Class of Answers
Lever
Class 1
Class 2
Class 3
87
QUESTION 5 (SYSTEMS AND CONTROL – ELECTRICAL)
5.1. Draw the correct symbols for the following electrical components.
(3)
Component Symbol
Battery
Open Switch
Lamp
QUESTION 6 (KNOWLEDGE)
6.1. Analyse and conclude from the three possible answers which is the correct answer
from answers given. Cross the letter of the alphabet of your correct answer in the
space provided. (4)
6.1.1. This structure encloses and protects an object.

(1)
a) Frame structure A
b) Shell structure
B
c) Solid structure
C
6.1.2. Changing raw material into a product is known as …

(1)
88
a) Salting B
b) Freezing C
c) Processing
6.1.3. The material for making a rain coat must be …..

(1)
a) Heat resistant A
b) Water resistant B
c) Hard
C
6.1.4. What strengthening technique is shown in the picture?

(1)
A
a) Laminating
B
b) Corrugation
c) Folding C
Figure 3
You have made a hydraulic system using two syringes connected by a length of tubing,
and filled with water. Syringe A has a volume of 5ml and syringe B has a volume of 20
ml. (3)
7.1 Select which syringe will you use as the input syringe if the output must be as
far as possible?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
7.2. Point out the advantage of using the 20 ml syringe as an input syringe?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
89
TECHNOLOGY, SOCIETY AND THE ENVIRONMENT [12 marks]
QUESTION 8 (SAFETY IN A TECHNOLOGY CLASSROOM)
8.1. Study the picture of a Technology Classroom below and respond to the
questions that follow:
Figure 4
8.1.1. Identify 2 safety hazards in the Technology class illustrated above.
(2)
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
8.1.2. You are a team leader of one of the teams in your grade 7 Technology class.
Write a dialogue between yourself and members of your team discussing the
importance of observing safety in a Technology classroom.
90
Your dialogue must not be more than a half of a page. It is also important to
outline your planning of the dialogue by using a mind map of a flow of your ideas.
(10)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
91
TECHNOLOGY
GRADE 7 COMMON ASSESSMENT
NOVEMBER 2016
MARKS : 60
TIME : 1 hour
MEMORANDUM
92
TECHNOLOGICAL DESIGN PROCESS AND SKILLS [30 marks]
QUESTION 1 (DESIGN – DESIGN BRIEF, SPECIFICATION AND CONSTRAINTS)
1.4. We/I will design and make ( ) a (learners describe their toy of choice) ( ) that
the grade R learners can play with ( ).
1.5. (Any of the following three)

Toy must be used by children between 2 to 6 years. ( )
Toy must be easy to damage (must be durable). ( )
Toy must be attractive and beautiful (aesthetics). ( )or
Toy must be safe for children to play with. ( )
1.6. The toy must be made from recyclable materials. ( )
QUESTION 2 (DESIGN – 2D AND 3D DRAWINGS)
2.1.
A. 2D( ) B. 3D( )
C. 3D( ) D. 2D( )
E. 3D( ) F. 3D( )
93
QUESTION 3 - ANNEXURE A
Descriptors Possible Obtained

Mark Mark
Outlines 2
Construction 2
Hidden detail 2
Interpretation 6
Texture Rendering/
Colour 3
Title 2
TOTAL 17
TECHNOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING [18 marks]
QUESTION 4 (SYSTEMS AND CONTROL – MECHANICAL)
Class of Lever Answers 4.2.
Class 1 A ( ); B ( ); E ( ); G ( )
Class 2 D ( ); F ( )
Class 3 C( ) ;H( )
QUESTION 5 (SYSTEMS ND CONTROL – ELECTRICAL)

5.1.
Component Symbol
Battery
( )
Open Switch
( )
Lamp
( )
94
QUESTION 6 (KNOWLEDGE)
6.1.1. B( )
6.1.2. C( )
6.1.3. B( )
6.1.4. B( )
7.1 The 20 ml syringe ( )

7.2 Less effort is used to move a bigger force ( )
TECHNOLOGY, SOCIETY AND THE ENVIRONMENT [12 marks]

QUESTION 8 (SAFETY IN A TECHNOLOGY CLASSROOM)
8.1.3. Any of the two answers below
Use professional judgement but the following answers serves as guidelines
o Accidents will take place.
o Damage to equipment, materials and tools.
o Learners not wearing protective clothing
o Lack of classroom rules will result in the lack of understanding of roles and
responsibilities of all stakeholders in a classroom, etc.
95
MARKS LEVEL DESCRIPTORS
Learner developed a dialogue using of all relevant
Uses a variety of life skills in authenticating contexts by using a mind map that shows the flow of dialogue between team
members.
All role players are clearly identified. Dialogue is logical, sequential, structured and well developed.
9-10
Uses a variety of skills to link abstract concepts to concrete understanding of the importance of safety issues/procedures in a
Technology classroom
Use and engages with knowledge in a purposeful way.
Evaluates existing processes and systems.
Learner developed a dialogue using 4 relevant
members.
6-8
Learner developed a dialogue using most (3) of relevant
members.
3–5
Learner developed a dialogue using some (1 or 2) relevant
members.
1–2 Uses a variety of skills to link abstract concepts to concrete understanding of the importance of safety issues/procedures in a
96
Grade 8 (Term 1 and 2) Assessment Exemplars
School: .................................................................
Grade 8
PAT
Term 1: STRUCTURES/ MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND CONTROL
(MODEL: Design and Make - a Model to crush)
Time: 7 hours
Investigate: Evaluate different designs, [6]

Design brief, Specifications and Constrains. [6]
Design : How to make structures stronger, [8]

Decide which mechanism to use. [4]
Make: Draw your design of parts to add to the model, [12]

Make improvements to the model. [10]
Draw an artistic drawing in perspective of your model, [12]
Build the basic model with the mechanism in it.. [12]
TOTAL 70
97
INVESTIGATE
(Compare different designs and make your own design)
Individual work
Evaluate different designs that other people made: [30 min]
The drawings below show rough designs of grain crushers that other people made. These
designs are not complete and there could be problems with them. However there could be
useful ideas that you may get to design your own model.
DESIGN A
DESIGN B
DESIGN C
98
Make a list of the advantages and the disadvantages of the different designs. (Remember you will
be accessed on the last two rows of the table).
DESIGN A DESIGN B DESIGN C

How strong and
stable is the
structure?
Which material and
tools are needed to
make the structure?
How easy is it to
make the structure?
How hard and fast
will the pestle hit the
floor?
What is the
mechanical
advantage of the
lever?
Advantages
Disadvantages
[6]
Design brief, Specifications and Constrains: [30 min]
1. Write the design brief. (A design brief tells you what the problem is and who will benefit from
the use of the solution).
[1]
(A machine to crush grain will usually be powered by an electrical motor that provides rational
movement. You will not use an electrical motor in your model but will rather turn the handle of a
crank by hand – hand operated model. This rational movement should be changed into
reciprocating movement so that the grain will be crushed like hitting it with a hammer. The
mechanism of your hand operated model should be hosted in a strong, stable structure to prevent
bit from collapsing or flipping over).
99
2. Answer the following questions in order to identify the specifications for your design:
a) What different mechanisms could make the grain crusher work?

[1]
b) What forces should the structure be able to withstand?
[1]
3. Identify the constrains:
a) How much time do you have to design and complete the model?
[1]
b) What materials can you find easily to build the model?
[1]
c) What tools do you already have with which you can make the model?
[1]
[6]
DESIGN
Design to make the structure stronger: [45 min]
Make a rough sketch below of your plan of how you will make the structure stronger. Each group
member should make his/ her own sketch of his/ her own idea and indicate how he/ she plans to
make the structure stronger. Add notes and labels to the sketches to explain your designs.
[4]
2. Compare your rough designs with each other in your group. Then decide together on
what design you will use to strengthen the structure. Each group member should make a
neat sketch of the chosen design in the space below. Add notes and labels to the
sketches to explain your designs.
[4]
Decide which type of mechanism you are going to use:
(Below are a few mechanisms to choose from).
100
1. What mechanism did you choose and why? [4]
MAKE
Draw your Design and Make the Model: [60 min]
1. Make a 2D working drawing
Make a 2D working drawing of the parts that you will add to the structure to prevent it from
collapsing or toppling over. Decide for yourself what the scale of the drawing will be so that the
drawing will fit into the space below.
See to the following!
Marks will be allocated as follow:
The drawing is an accurate sketch of the chosen design, [2]

The drawing shows all important dimensions, [2]
The drawing is to scale and the scale is shown, [1]
The drawing shows all hidden lines. [1]
[6]
2. Make a 3D isometric drawing of what you will add to the

structure. Decide on yourself what the scale of the drawing
will be so that the drawing will fit onto the grid paper.
101
[6]
The drawing is an accurate sketch of the chosen design, [2]

The drawing shows all the dimensions in the correct way, [3]
The drawing is to scale and the scale is shown. [1]
3. Add all improvements and draw the model in artistic perspective in the following space.
(double vanishing point perspective) [45 min]
102
VP 1 VP 2
_____.________________________________________________________________.________________
[10]
It is easy to understand what the drawing shows, [3]

A Rough sketch is made before the final drawing, [2]
A Rectangular box is drawn in which the model fits, feint lines is used for
[1]
visible and hidden lines,
The drawings are drawn in double vanishing point perspective , vanishing
[2]
points are far away,
Construction lines are shown as feint lines, [1]
Outside lines of the model is shown as dark lines, [1]
Shading is used to make the sketch look more realistic [2]
[12]
Group work
Build the model: [2 hours 30 min]
4. Build the model with the mechanism which is housed in a strong, stable structure.
Plans and instructions was followed successfully, [4]

‘n Mechanism to change rotational movement of a handle into reciprocating
[3]
movement of a pestle,
The parts that turn on axles cannot move sideways, , [2]
The model works well. [3]
[12]
TOTAL: [ 70 Marks]
103
TECHNOLOGY
TEST
GRADE 8

GRADE 8
MARKS : _____ / 60
TIME : 1 hour
104
NAME AND SURNAME :________________________________________________
NAME OF SCHOOL :________________________________________________
GRADE :___________
NAME OF TEACHER :________________________________________________
MARKS MODERATED
OBTAINED MARK
1 11
2 11
3 8
4 12
5 6
6 12
TOTAL 60
INSTRUCTIONS:

questions.

TECHNOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE AND 30% 18 Marks
UNDERSTANDING
TECHNOLOGY, SOCIETY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Page 111 of 179 20% 12 Marks
105
QUESTION 1 (STRUCTURAL MEMBERS AND COMPONENTS)
1.1 Name the components indicated in the frame structures below

(5)
A.
_____________________________________________________________________
B.
_____________________________________________________________________
C.
_____________________________________________________________________
D.____________________________________________________________________
E.
_____________________________________________________________________
106
1.2 Study the sketch below and answer the question that follows:
1.2.1. Use the words in the box below to indicate the following parts in the drawing
above. (4)
King Post, Rafter, Strut, Tie
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
1.2.2. Which TWO parts of the drawing are experiencing compression and tension
force? (2)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
107
QUESTION 2 (MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND CONTROL) [14]
Mechanical system involves four types of motions namely Linear motion, Rotary motion,
Oscillating motion and Reciprocating motion.
2.1. What type of motion each of the following has? (4)
2.1.1. Electrical fan : _________________________________________

2.1.2. Girl riding on a bicycle : _________________________________________
2.1.3. Wheels of a bicycle :_________________________________________
2.1.4. Needle of a sewing machine: ________________________________________
2.2. Draw a gear train with two gears in the box below. The driver gear has 10 teeth and
the driven gear has 50 teeth. Use arrows to show the direction in which the gears
turn. Label the drawing correctly (4)
2.2.1. Calculate the gear ratio using the gear train drawn above (2)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
108
2.3 Calculate Gear/ Velocity Ratio (1)
Driver 12teeth Driven 24 teeth
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
QUESTION 3 (GRAPHIC COMMUNICATION)

[10]
3.1. Name three methods of enhancing 2D or 3D drawing. (3)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3.2. When scaling up a diagram are we making it bigger/smaller? (1)
109
3.3. Is a drawing with a scale of 1:3 three times bigger/smaller than the real object?
(1)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3.4. Draw the type of line next to the name (4)
Number Line types Drawing (illustration)
3.4.1. Outlines
3.4.2. Construction lines
3.4.3. Hidden detail lines
3.4.4. Centre Lines
QUESTION 4 (IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY)

CASE STUDY: Comparison of traditional structures [12]
A The domed grass dwelling of the Amangwane clan near Bergville
In the foothills of the Drakensberg Mountains, there are high winds. The need was
to build a shelter of readily available material. Flexible thin poles or laths of Black
Wattle or Grey Poplar were used for the frame and local thatching grass and reeds
were used for the covering of the dome and for the door. The hut was easily
constructed from local materials using local expertise.
The dome was usually self-supporting, but occasionally props were used. Although
there were no windows, it was well ventilated through the grass. It was also well
insulated against the weather as thatch is cool in summer and warm in winter.
B The Igloo of the Inuit or Eskimos
110
For many years the Inuit or Eskimos have been building dome-shaped igloos made
from blocks of frozen snow. These are used as temporary winter quarters and can
be built in two hours by a skilled man using a metal snow knife to cut the blocks
from deep, tightly packed snow drifts.
The blocks measure about a meter and are about twenty cm thick. Each layer is
stacked leaning slightly inward to allow for the dome shape until the final circle at
the top has a much smaller circumference that the base. A hole for ventilation is left
at the top. Entrance is through a small tunnel to keep out the cold winds.
The dome design affords less resistance to the wind than a rectangular dwelling and
sleet (freezing rain) slides down the sides and freezes, strengthening the structure.
4.1. Which dwelling is a shell structure and which is a shell-and-frame structure? (2)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4.2. Why is the shape of the dome suitable in each case? (4)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4.3. Compare how the shape of the dome is constructed in each example. (3)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
111
4.4. Explain why you think this material is suitable or unsuitable. (3)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
QUESTION 5 (DEVELOPMENT OF INVESTIGATION TOOL)
Scenario – Background context
Nowadays there are increasing dangers for children trying to get to school. Some of the
problems are dangerous crossings for pedestrians, no specified safe areas for bicycles,
un-roadworthy taxis, public transport where buses are often on strike, inadequate
parking and drop-off facilities for parents trying to drop off children at school and no
clear pedestrian crossings. In rural areas, the problems include inadequate or non-
existent public transport, long distances to walk and lack of a safe crossing across a
local stream.
Survey
You need to conduct a survey of a sample of 50 children from your school on what they
think can be done to improve the safety of children going to and coming from school.
Depending on your community, you will need to design your questions accordingly,
based on some of the suggested factors or other relevant factors.
Compile a series of SIX clear questions that will assist you to complete the survey
based on the above scenario.
(6)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Marks Descriptors
All 6 survey questions give a clear idea of the research objectives, uses technological
5-6
terminology and no aspects are left out and all are clearly explained
5 survey questions gives a clear idea of the research objectives, uses technological
4
terminology BUT some aspects are left out and poorly explained
2-3 survey questions gives some idea of the research objectives BUT does not use
2-3
technological terminology and not all stages are clearly covered
1 No systems diagram or very poor; cannot determine what the learner has in mind
112
QUESTION 6 (ISOMETRIC DRAWING)
Draw the following oblique drawing in isometric projection on ANNEXURE A
attached. [12]
Level Descriptors Marks

6-7 Drawing is accurate, neat, and isometric with shading 10-12
texture rendering or colour and all relevant information
according (Title) to the oblique tube above.
4-5 Drawing is accurate; isometric with texture rendering or 7-9
colour, shading and title of the oblique tube above.
3 Drawing is accurate; isometric with texture rendering or 4-6
colour and shading of the oblique tube above.
Drawing is accurate; isometric with some texture 2-3
rendering or colour and shading of the oblique tube
2
above.
1 Drawing is inaccurate, not isometric, without texture 0-1
rendering or colour and shading
113
114
NAME AND SURNAME:_____________________________SCALE:___________TITLE:__________________________
End of Question and Answer Paper TOTAL: 60

TECHNOLOGY
TEST
MARKING MEMORANDUM
GRADE 8
MARKS : _____ / 60
TIME : 1 hour
115
QUESTION 1 [11]
1.1
(5)
1.1.1. Arch
1.1.2. Truss
1.1.3. Stay
1.1.4. Columns
1.1.5. Flying buttress
1.2
(4)
1.2.1. King post
1.2.2. Tie
1.2.3. Rafter
1.2.4. Strut
1.3. On the strut is compression force and on the tie is tension force. (2)
QUESTION 2
[14]
2.1.1. Reciprocating motion

2.1.2. Linear motion
2.1.3. Rotary motion
2.1.4. Oscillating motion
116
2.2. (4)
50 teeth
10 teeth
+
+
Driver
Driven
2.2
(2)
Gear Ratio
= No of teeth on driven gear = 50 teeth
No of teeth on driven gear 10 teeth
= 5: 1
2.3 Calculate Gear/ Velocity Ratio (1)
Driver 12teeth Driven 24teeth
Driver ÷ Driven = Velocity Ratio
12 ÷ 24 = ½ or 0.5
117
QUESTION 3
[10]
1. Using colour, texture and shading (3)
2. When we scale up we make it bigger (1)
3. A drawing with a scale of 1:3 is three times smaller than the real object.
(1)
4. a) __________________________________
b)
c) __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
d)
(4)
QUESTION 4
[12]
4.1 The igloo is a shell structure and the domed grass hut is a frame-and-shell
structure. (2)
4.2 The arch or dome shape is very stable – high winds go around it – not a flat
surface to offer resistance and blow down. Also snow and rain runoff easily.
(4)
4.3 In the grass dome, the flexible lath from the wattle or poplar is suitable because it
can bend and weave in and out to form the arches over which the grass is placed.
the blocks of frozen snow are stacked in diminishing circles, leading to a much
smaller circumference at the top. Sleet freezes and seals cracks. ANY OF
THE THREE (3)
4.4 In both cases the material is suitable because it is easily obtainable and cheap. It
is also easy to build. It is a good insulator. ANY OF THE THREE
(3)
118
QUESTION 5
Use professional judgement in marking this question guided by the Rubric below.
Marks Descriptors
All 6 survey questions give a clear idea of the research objectives, uses technological
5-6
terminology and no aspects are left out and all are clearly explained
5 survey questions gives a clear idea of the research objectives, uses technological
4
terminology BUT some aspects are left out and poorly explained
2-3 survey questions gives some idea of the research objectives BUT does not use
2-3
technological terminology and not all stages are clearly covered
1 No systems diagram or very poor; cannot determine what the learner has in mind
QUESTION 6
[12]
Level Descriptors Marks

6-7 Drawing is accurate, neat, and isometric with shading 10-12
texture rendering or colour and all relevant information
according (Title) to the oblique tube above.
4-5 Drawing is accurate; isometric with texture rendering or 7-9
colour, shading and title of the oblique tube above.
3 Drawing is accurate; isometric with texture rendering or 4-6
colour and shading of the oblique tube above.
Drawing is accurate; isometric with some texture 2-3
rendering or colour and shading of the oblique tube
2
above.
1 Drawing is inaccurate, not isometric, without texture 0-1
rendering or colour and shading
119
Construction lines
Colour/texture
added e.g
Outlines
30 Angle
NAME AND SURNAME:BENEDICT MOENG SCALE: NOT GIVEN TITLE: ISOMETRIC TUBE
End of Memorandum TOTAL: 60
120
TECHNOLOGY
COMMON ASSESSMENT
GRADE 8
MARKS : _____ / 60 TIME : 1 hour
NAME AND SURNAME:_____________________________________________

SCHOOL :_____________________________________________
CLASS :______________________________________________
TEACHER :______________________________________________
121
MARKS MODERATED
OBTAINED MARK
1 15
2 9
3 6
4 8
5 10
6 12
TOTAL 60
SIGNATURE OF HOD:________________________( MODERATED) DATE: ______________

INSTRUCTIONS:
18. Ensure that you staple back the two drawing papers with your question and
answer paper when you have finished writing and submit to your teacher.
questions.
122
QUESTION 1 (ISOMETRIC DRAWING)
Use the given information and make

a neat ISOMETRIC drawing of the
model. (15)
MARKING GUIDELINE
DESCRIPTOR MARKS
Correct technique 5
/interpretation
Construction lines 3
Outlines Lines 3
Neatness 2
Title 2
TOTAL 15
NAME
GRADE
DATE
123
QUESTION 2 (IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON COMMUNITY AND ENVIRONMENT)
Classify the given solid waste objects in the table below as biodegradable/ non-
biodegradable waste.
(9)
Cardboard plastic bottles rubber pipes wooden box polyester shirt

Cooldrink cans leather shoes pencil case glass bottle
Biodegradable Non-Biodegradable
Write a paragraph of not less than 50 words on the impact of waste on the environment.
You may use the given picture as reference and /or a resource. (6)
124
Source: www.thebookoflife.org
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
[6]
SECTION B
QUESTION 4: (TECHNOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING)
Match keywords in column B with the explanation in Column A. Write only the letter of
the correct answer next to the relevant question number. E.G 1.1 D
(8)
COLUMN A ANSWER COLUMN B

1.1. Does not harm the natural world A - Bio-plastics
1.2. A natural resource that will always be B - Processing
available to use
1.3. Able to be destroyed by natural C - Toxic
processes without harming the
environment
1.4. Able to continue without damaging the D - Biodegradable
environment
1.5. Series of actions we do to raw E - Synthetic
materials or products to change them
to form a new product
1.6. Not a natural substance F - Renewable
1.7. Made from renewable raw materials G - Sustainable
1.8. Poisonous H - Environmentally
friendly
[8]
125
QUESTION 5: (TECHNOLOGY, SOCIETY AND ENVIRONMENT)
Use the information below to assist you in answering the given questions.
Coal
Coal is a non-renewable energy source because it takes millions of years to create. It is

a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock composed mostly of carbon
and hydrocarbons—molecules containing hydrogen and carbon. The energy in coal
comes from the remains of prehistoric plants and animals, making it part of the fossil
fuels family.
Demand for Coal
Worldwide proven coal reserves are more than 847 billion tons — enough to last
approximately 130 years at current consumption levels. The countries with the largest
reserves of coal are the United States, Russia, China and India. Together they make up
67% of the world’s coal reserves.
Coal provides 26% of global primary energy needs and generates 41% of the world’s
electricity, according to the World Coal Institute Coal Facts 2008. The US Energy
Information Administration expects coal use to double by 2030 to meet rising world
energy demand.
Uses for Coal

In some countries, coal may be burned directly for heat or cooking, but most coal is
used in power plants to generate electricity. Coal has plenty of uses outside of electricity
too. Materials that contain coal and coal coke (a concentrated form of coal that has been
stripped of its volatile materials) are used in many products we use every day, including:
Tar
Perfumes
Golf balls
Chalk
Paper clips
Sugar substitute
Soap
126
Aspirin
Dyes
How Does Coal Mining Affect the Environment?

Coal mining and coal use has historically had a negative impact on the environment,
particularly by creating harmful gases like carbon dioxide and methane. But the coal
industry is working to improve these detrimental effects.
Coal companies reduce carbon dioxide emissions by capturing the gas and injecting it
into deep geological formations for storage. Mining also produces methane gas, which
has a much greater global warming potential than carbon dioxide. Using technological
advances, the industry has been successful in recovering the methane and preventing it
from being released into the atmosphere. According to the International Energy Agency,
replacing older coal-fired power plants with more efficient plants could significantly
reduce the industry’s greenhouse gas emissions.
Coal mining’s effect on the environment reaches beyond the atmosphere: the Earth also
feels its effects. Land – Coal mining can lead to soil erosion and dust, and it causes
disturbance to large tracts of land.
Water – Acid mine drainage, a metal-containing water that is formed by the chemical
reaction between water and rocks containing sulphur-bearing minerals, can pollute
water around a coal mine with heavy metals like copper, lead and mercury. Methods
coal companies can use to minimize water pollution include building specialized water
treatment plants and recycling contaminated water.
Plants and animals – Coal mining, particularly surface mining, can disturb land that is
used for grazing, animal habitats, forests, crops and more. But the coal-mining industry
makes rehabilitating land once mining is complete a top priority. After mining is
complete, companies reshape the area, replace top soil and replant vegetation, making
the reclaimed land suitable for wildlife, agriculture and more.
Source: http://energy4me.org/all-about-energy/what-is-energy/energy-sources/coal/
5.1 Explain the impact of using coal for energy and the impact it has on the
environment. (2)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
127
5.2 Name 3 sources of renewable energy that could replace the use of natural materials
for fire to cook and to keep warm.
(3)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5.3 Explain the concern that scientists have about the burning of coal / fossil fuels on a
large scale. (2)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5.4 Briefly explain what you understand the term “global warming” means? (2)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5.5 Justify why do we need to create new sources or materials or find new ways to use
sources for energy?
(1)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
[10]
128
SECTION C
QUESTION 6 (TECHNOLOGY, SOCIETY, ENVIRONMENT)
6.1 Recommend methods on how you can contribute to your community to keep it clean
and free of waste. (3)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
6.2 Name 4 different items at you school that is thrown away that can be recycled.
(4)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
129
6.3 Create a flow chart to demonstrate how paper is recycled. (5)
[12]
TOTAL: 60 MARKS
END OF THE QUESTION AND ANSWER PAPER
130
TECHNOLOGY
COMMON ASSESSMENT
MEMORANDUM
GRADE 8
MARKS : _____ / 60
TIME : 1 hour
This MEMORANDUM consists of 5 pages.
131
132
QUESTION 1(ISOMETRIC DRAWING)
Use the given information and make a

neat ISOMETRIC drawing of the model.
(15)
MARKING GUIDELINE
DESCRIPTOR MARKS
Correct technique 5
/interpretation
Construction lines 3
Outlines Lines 3
Neatness 2
Title 2
TOTAL 15
NAME
GRADE
DATE
Classify the given solid waste objects in the table below as biodegradable/ non-
biodegradable waste.
(9)
Cardboard plastic bottles rubber pipes wooden box polyester shirt

Cool drink cans leather shoes pencil case glass bottle
Biodegradable Non-Biodegradable
Cardboard Glass bottle
Wooden box Plastic bottles
Leather shoes Pencil case
Rubber pipes
Cool drink cans
Polyester shirt
Write a paragraph of not less than 50 words on the impact of waste on the environment.
You may use the given picture as reference and /or a resource. (6)
Source: www.thebookoflife.org
133
USE PROFESSIONAL JUDGEMENT TO MARK THIS QUESTION – LANGAUGE/
UNDERSTANDING OF THE CONTEXT AND PRESENTATION SHOULD GUIDE YOU
[6]
SECTION B
QUESTION 4: (TECHNOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING)
Match keywords in column B with the explanation in Column A. Write only the letter of
the correct answer next to the relevant question number. E.G 1.1 D
(8)
COLUMN A ANSWER COLUMN B

4.1 Does not harm the natural world H A - Bio-plastics
4.2 A natural resource that will always be G B - Processing
available to use
4.3 Able to be destroyed by natural A C - Toxic
processes without harming the
environment
4.4 Able to continue without damaging F D - Biodegradable
the environment
4.5 Series of actions we do to raw B E - Synthetic
materials or products to change them to
form a new product
4.6 Not a natural substance E F - Renewable
4.7 Made from renewable raw materials D G - Sustainable
4.8 Poisonous C H - Environmentally friendly
QUESTION 5: (TECHNOLOGY, SOCIETY AND ENVIRONMENT)
Use the information below to assist you in answering the given questions.
5.1 Explain the impact of using coal for energy and the impact it has on the
environment.
(2)
Not sure how to mark this or what exactly were looking for - the question is very
much an open-ended question. Not enough parameters given or provided. Use
professional judgement to mark this question.
5.2 Name 3 sources of renewable energy that could replace the use of natural materials
for fire to cook and to keep warm.
(3)
solar, wind, water, bio-fuels,
134
5.3 Explain the concern that scientists have about the burning of coal / fossil fuels on a
large scale.
(2)
Has to do with global warming , USE PROFESSIONSL JUDGEMENT T MARK
THIS QUESTION.
5.4 What do you understand the term “global warming” means?

(2)
Warming of the earth’s climate due to increased use of fossil fuels and gases and
synthetic materials
5.5 Justify why do we need to create new sources or materials or find new ways to use
sources for energy?
(1)
Fossil fuels are not renewable, they will finish at some stage, we need to have
replacements by then.
[10]
SECTION C
QUESTION 6 (TECHNOLOGY, SOCIETY, ENVIRONMENT)
6.1 Recommend methods on how you can contribute to your community to keep it clean
and free of waste. (3)
learners own answer - any sound, logical idea that is feasable and makes sense.
USE PROFESSIONAL JUDGEMENT.
6.2 Name 4 different items at you school that is thrown away that can be recycled.
(4)
paper, plastic, glass, food (bio-mass), rubber, metals, etc.
6.3 Create a flow chart to demonstrate how paper is recycled. (5)
THE ILLUSTRATION BELOW MUST SERVE ONLY AS A GUIDE FOR MARKING.

LEARNERS MAY USE VARIED APPROACHES IN RESPONSE TO THIS QUESTION
135
BUT THE PRINCIPLE OF A FLOW CHART MUST BE AT THE CENTRE OF THEIR
RESPONSES.
[12]
END OF THE MARKING MEMORANDUM
136
Grade 9 (Term 3 and 4) Assessment Exemplars
Situations where electronic circuits control electric circuits (30 minutes).
There are many household appliances that use electronic circuits to control electric
circuits with bigger currents. The following two devices are used inside the electric
switchboard (or distribution board) of every building that is connected with electricity in a
safe way.
Ordinary circuit breakers:
Shuts off a circuit (for example the circuit supplying all the lights in a house) when the
current becomes too big (if the current is too big for the thickness of wire used, the wire
will overheat).
Residual-current circuit breakers:
Switches off the main power supply if it detects a leakage of power, such as when a
person accidentally touches a “live” electrical wire or contact and the electricity is then
conducted through his or her body. This device has to cut the current very quickly;
otherwise the person can die due to electric shock. Therefore, it switches off the power
even when it detects only a small amount of leakage of electrical current.
An electrical distribution board with circuit breakers
An electronic circuit is different from an electric circuit because it only uses a very small
current, and because it uses electronic control devices such as thermistors, LDRs,
diodes and transistors.
The following household appliances use electronic circuits to control them:
control the volume of the speakers,

tomatically when there is enough natural
light, and
ff when the water boils.
137
1. Give two examples of situations or applications where electrical circuits are used.
(1)
2. Give two examples of situations or applications where electronic circuits are used.
(1)
3. Give three examples of situations or applications where electronic circuits and electric
circuits are used together. (3)
Total [5]
The scenario
A kettle uses electricity at a rate 30 times higher than a normal light bulb. A lot of
electricity can be saved if a kettle is used more effectively. If a kettle keeps boiling without
being switched off, it uses electricity unnecessarily. This leads to a waste of electricity. If
you drink your tea or coffee without cold milk, you do not want boiling hot water (100 °C),
since it will burn you. So, it is a waste of electricity and time to bring the water to boiling
point (100 °C). Most of the time, a kettle only needs to heat water to a temperature of
about 75 °C. If the kettle keeps heating the water to a temperature of 100 °C, it is a waste
of electricity. You will design and make an “energy saving switch” for a kettle. The switch
will be controlled by an electronic circuit so that the kettle will automatically switch off
when the water reaches the required temperature. The electronic circuit will have a
variable resistor so that the temperature at which the kettle will automatically switch off
can be set by the user
The drawings below show how an electric door lock works. This may give you useful
ideas for your design of an energy-saving kettle switch.
138
An exploded 3D assembly drawing of the parts inside an electric door lock
Design brief
1. What is the purpose of the switch you will be designing?
Hint:
Think about how easy it is for people to do things, the impact on the environment, and
costs involved. (½)
Specifications
1. What parts should the device have where the user must press or turn something by
hand? (½)
2. Are there part(s) of the device that would sometimes be moved by the user, and other
times be moved automatically? (1)
3. How should the moving parts of your switch work? For example, what should cause it
to move one way, and what should cause it to move the other way? Use names for the
different moving parts, as well as for the other parts that will make the moving parts
move or stop them from moving. (
4. What type of electrical component can generate the automatic movement that your
139
device has to perform? This component will be the output device in the control circuit.
(½)
5. Does your device need a container or supporting structure to keep all the parts
together? What type of container or structure do you think will work well?
(½)
Constraints
1. Make a list of all the materials you will need. (1)

2. Make a list of all the tools you will need (½)
3. Make a time schedule showing how much time you have to design and make the
product. (½)
Design sketches
1. Make at least two rough sketches of your design. Use labels and notes to explain
your design. If your second sketch is an improvement on your first sketch, keep the
first sketch, but simply label the second sketch as “improved design”.
Total marks [5]
Evaluate as a team: Learn from one another’s designs to make a better design
together (60 minutes)
1. Each team member should explain his or her design to the rest of the team, and the
others should ask questions if they don’t understand something.
2. After everyone has explained their designs, you should make a list of the advantages
and disadvantages of all the designs.
Learn from the different designs that different people made.
Don’t throw an idea away too quickly even if there is a problem with it. First sketch and
explain it to the others. This idea can lead to another better idea. If everyone throws their
ideas away too quickly, there will be no ideas on the table to work with. Design teams
work well when they separate the work into two stages:
n them, without anyone saying anything

negative about the ideas.
e, start thinking about how and whether the
different ideas will work or not. Don’t talk about “Mary’s design” or “Sipho’s design”.
Rather talk about “Design C” or “Design
table, you talk about the design. You do not talk about the person. You evaluate the
designs. You do not evaluate yourself or someone else.
140
Systems and Control
There is no such thing as a perfect design! For example, you can make a complicated
design that will work very well, but that will be expensive and difficult to build. Or you can
make a simple and cheap design that works, but is not strong enough.
If someone makes a negative remark at this stage, you should say “Red flag! No
negative remarks at this stage.”
Saying “Mary’s made a bad design” or “Sipho’s is much better”, for example, will hurt
someone’s feelings or make others feel proud or arrogant. If someone says “Mary’s design
...”, you should say
“Red flag! We call that Design C.”1
3. Now combine different ideas from different designs into one better design. Your team
will only succeed at this if you talk and sketch together “creatively”. Being creative
means “playing with ideas”. To communicate well and to be creative, you have to make
many rough sketches. Do that in the space provided below. Include labels and notes to
help explain the sketches.
(4)
4. Now each person should make their own sketches of the improved design that the
team made together. Once again, show labels and notes to explain the sketches. Make
at least two sketches, so that both the whole design and hidden detail can be seen.
You might want to draw the design from different view points, or draw a few parts on
their own.
(4)
Make individually: 2D Working drawing and 3D drawings of your design (60 min)
1. Make a 2D working drawing of your design in first angle orthographic projection. It

should be drawn to scale and show as much detail as possible. Show dimensions and
the scale. Show all hidden details.
(8)
2. Make an isometric drawing of your design to scale. Do not show the container or
structural support for the inner parts of your design. Only show the inner parts. Do not
show any hidden details, but choose your view point so that as much detail as possible
is shown. Show the scale, but do not show the dimensions.
(7)
141
Make and test your prototype of the switch (120 minutes)
1. Work in groups to build a model of your design for the switch. A model of a new
design is called a prototype.
2. Work in groups to build the output device for the control circuit that you will later
connect to your switch.
3. Test your model with a simple circuit consisting of a battery and the electric output
device that you made.
You will probably find that your model does not work the first time you test it. This is
normal! Most new things that people design don’t work the first time they test it. Try to find
out what’s wrong, and then go back and fix it before you
test it again.
Your teacher will give you marks for the following:

odel of your design. (2)
design drawings. (8)
(2)
circuit with the output device, and used a good
method to test it. (1)
r the first time, you made a list of all the possible reasons
that your model is not working or why it is not working well. (2)
(2)
n the problems, and going back and fixing or
improving your model until it worked, at least one more time. (4)
explanation and made sketches of what you
still need to change on your model to make it work. (4)
Designers and engineers usually make many prototypes before the design is
good enough to start manufacturing and selling it. Each prototype is an attempt
to improve on the previous one.
Present your design process and final prototypes
Your team will give a presentation of your project later this week. The presentation should
be between three and five minutes long. Each member of your team should do a part of
the presentation. The other learners in the class may ask you questions after your
presentation. Your presentation should be mostly about the design process that you
followed to design, make and improve your prototypes.
142
Team meeting: Prepare your presentations (30 minutes)
1. Decide which part of the presentation each of you will do. Write it down below. (1)
2. Decide in what order you will give the different parts of the presentation. Who will talk
first, and who will talk next? Write the parts of the presentation in the order that you will
do them below, and write who will do which part. (1)
Giving the presentation (90 minutes)
Your teacher will look at the following to give you marks for your part of your team’s
presentation:
(2)
143
TECHNOLOGY
COMMON ASSESSMENT
GRADE 9
MARKS : _____ / 60
TIME : 1 hour
144
NAME OF DISTRICT :________________________________________________
NAME OF CIRCUIT :________________________________________________
NAME OF CLUSTER :________________________________________________
NAME AND SURNAME :________________________________________________
NAME OF SCHOOL :________________________________________________
GRADE :___________
NAME OF TEACHER :________________________________________________
MARKS MODERATED
OBTAINED MARK
1 5
2 5
3 15
4 10
5 6
6 13
7 5
TOTAL 60
145
INSTRUCTIONS:
questions.

146
QUESTION 1 (LINE TYPES)
Mark the correct line type with a tick ( ) inside the block [5]
1.1. Visible Line (1)
1.2. Hidden Line (1)
1.3. Centre Line (1)
1.4. Dimension & Extension Lines (1)
1.5. Section Line (1)
147
QUESTION 2 (GRAPHIC COMMUNICATION)
Answer the following questions by drawing a circle around the correct answer.
[5]
2.1 What is a 2D representation of a 3D shape called?
A. A section
B. A projection
C. A proportion
2.2 At what angle do you draw the sloping lines in an isometric drawing?
A. 150
B. 300
C. 450
2.3. In perspective drawing, what is the meeting point called for the lines going back?
A. Meeting point
B. Vanishing point
C. Horizon point
2.4. What does the symbol below mean?
Figure 3
A. First angle orthographic projection

B. Second angle orthographic projection
C. Third angle orthographic projection
148
2.5 From what direction is a "plan view"?
A. From above, looking down
B. From the left, looking right
C. From the bottom, looking up
QUESTION 3 (ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWING)
Draw the following isometric drawing in 1st angle orthographic projection on

ANNEXURE A attached PAGE 12. Your drawing should show thwe following line
types: outlines; construction lines
[15]
Figure 2 Descriptors Possible Obtained

Mark Mark
Outlines 3
Construction 3
Views 3
Accuracy 4
Title 2
TOTAL 15
149
QUESTION 4 (FLOW DIAGRAM)
Design a flow diagram of the steps you would follow when making a model.
[10]
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
150
QUESTION 5 (STRUCTURES)
Read the following passage and then answer the questions that follow. [6]
NELSON MANDELA BRIDGE
Figure 3
The Nelson Mandela Bridge is a ‘cable-stayed’ bridge built in 2003 in Johannesburg. It is

the longest cable-stayed bridge in the country. Its design allowed construction to
continue without any disruption to traffic because the bridge was built from both sides
and the cables supported the growing bridge as the two sides grew towards each other.
During the construction jobs were created and the following concerns were considered:
- Safety of construction workers

- Safety of the community
- Use of local labour
- Cost and time
- The bridge is strong and rigid enough to carry the load.
151
5.1. Give TWO concerns that builders should consider during the construction phase.
(2)
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5.2. List TWO possible materials that were used in the construction of the bridge.
(2)
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5.3. What types of load will the bridge carry that must be considered during the design
phase?
(1)
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5.4. Name ONE type of force that will act on the bridge throughout its life.
(1)
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
152
QUESTION 6 (SAFETY ISSUES)
Study the picture below depicting a Technology classroom in your school and
answer the questions that follow.
[13]
Figure 4
6.1. Analyse the picture of a classroom above and identify SEVEN safety hazards.
(7)
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
153
6.2. What safety measures must all Technologists should consider when working with
materials and tools? Mention SIX.
(6)
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
QUESTION 7 (FORCES AND PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS)

[5]
TWO pieces of metal are held together with pop rivets and being pulled apart as
seen in the picture below:
Figure 5
7.1. Conclude which force are the pop rivets under? (1)
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
7.2. Determine the properties that the pop rivets have to resist this force mentioned
above? Give at least two properties. (2)
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
154
Read the following statements and answer the questions.
A static force is when a structure experiences a constant force in a certain direction

even though no movement is involved.
A dynamic force is when the force is accompanied by movement.
Loads can be even (where the weight is evenly distributed) or uneven (where some
parts of the structures carry more weight than other parts).
7.3. Formulate your understand of equilibrium? (2)
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
TOTAL: 60
End of Question and Answer Paper
155
156
ANNEXURE A
NAME AND SURNAME: _________________________GRADE:__________ TITLE:______________________________

TECHNOLOGY
COMMON ASSESSMENT
MARKING MEMORANDUM
GRADE 9
MARKS : _____ / 60
TIME : 1 hour
157
QUESTION 1
[5]
1.6. Visible Line (1)
1.7. Hidden Line (1)
1.8. Centre Line (1)
1.9. Dimension & Extension Lines (1)
1.10. Section Line (1)
QUESTION 2 [5]
2.1
B. A projection
2.2
B. 300
158
2.3.
B. Vanishing point
2.4.
D. First angle orthographic projection
2.5
A. From above, looking down
QUESTION 4
[10]
FLOW DIAGRAM FOR MAKING OF A PRODUCT
Drawing of a box 1. Collect materials and tools

(any shape) and inserting required Directional
arrows
text into it.
6. Putting the finishing touches to 2. Ensure that you have the final
the product e.g. painting etc. working drawings
3. Measure and make marking

5. Joining the parts/ pieces of the
product
4. Cutting the materials to required

size
Logical sequencing of events in the flow chart.

N.B. The Flow Diagram can be linear or in any design format
159
QUESTION 5 [6]
5.1. Disruption of traffic, Safety of construction workers, Safety of the community, Use of
local labour, Cost and time, Training of unskilled workers, job creation. (ANY 2 OF
THE ABOVE) (2)
5.2. Steel sections ; Steel cables round bars ; concrete ; tar ; steel reinforced
concrete , sand , cement , stone , wood , Iron etc. (ANY TWO OF THE
ANSWERS). (2)
5.3. Dynamic (or Uneven) AND/ Static (or even)

(1)
5.4. Tension, Compression, Shearing and Torsion (ANY ONE OF THE ANSWERS)
(1)
QUESTION 6
[13]
6.1.
(7)
Use professional judgement but the following answers serves as guidelines
o Electrical cables.
o Learner not wearing any protective clothing.
o No teacher in the classroom to manage safety issues
o Lack of classroom rules
o Other learners using water close to electrical equipment
o Unsafe use of tools e.g. the boy using a hammer
o Work stations not properly managed, etc.
160
6.2. USE PROFESSIONAL JUDGEMENT AS LEARNERS RESPONSES WILL
DIFFER. (6)
Classroom rules, Occupation Health and Safety Act may serve as your guidelines for
marking this question.
QUESTION 7
[5]
7.1. Shearing force (1)
7.2. Strong or tough

Rigid or stiff (2)
7.3. Equilibrium when all forces or moments acting upon it are balanced.
This means that each and every force acting upon a body, or part of the body, is
resisted by either another equal and opposite force or set of forces whose net result
is zero. (2)
USE PROFESSIONAL JUDGMENT GUIDED BY THE ANSWER ABOVE
End of Memorandum
TOTAL: 60
161
Annexure 2: Composite Mark Schedules
(AS PER SA-SAMS SHEETS)
Exemplar: Grade 7
Exemplar: Grade 8
Exemplar: Grade 9
162
Annexure 3: Analysis grid for Cognitive levels of questions
Note - Excel Sheet attached:

Contains Cognitive Levels and Content Weighting for Controlled TESTS and EXAMINATIONS
ANALYSIS GRID FOR COGNITIVE DEMAND

GRADE 8 TECHNOLOGY 100 COGNITIVE LEVELS
Department of Education 30% 40% 30%
30 6 34 22 0 8
Creating
Applying
Analysing
Evaluating
Understanding
Remembering
LOWER MIDDLE HIGHER
ACTION
30 40 30
Mark
VERB
Quest nr
Total mark
Test values
Test total
How are you doing? 30 40 30 100 correct
1.1 2 2 2 Correct How to use this grid:
1.2. 20 20 20 Correct 1. In column 1 - type the question number
2 8 8 8 Correct 2. In column 2 - type the action verb
3 20 20 20 Correct 3. In column 3 - type the mark of the question
4.1 4 4 4 Correct 4. Place same mark in lower, middle or higer order
TECHNOLOGY GRADE 7 - 9 SCHOOL BASED ASSESSMENT (SBA) GUIDELINES Page 171 of 179
163
164
4.2. 2 2 2 Correct 5. See how you totals change
4.3. 4 4 4 Correct
5.1 2 2 2 Correct
5.2 1 1 1 Correct
5.3. 4 4 4 Correct
5.4. 2 2 2 FALSE
5.5. 2 2 2 Correct
5.6. 1 1 1 Correct
6.1. 2 2 2 Correct
6.2 1 1 1 Correct
6.3. 2 2 2 Correct
7.1. 1 1 1 Correct
7.2. 2 2 2 Correct
7.3 7 7 7 Correct
8.1 1 1 1 Correct
8.2 2 2 2 Correct
8.3 2 2 2 Correct
8.4. 2 2 2 Correct
8.5 2 2 2 Correct
8.6. 4 4 4 Correct
0 Correct
0 Correct
0 Correct
100 30 40 30 100 Correct
30 6 34 22 0 8
Note: Lower order is correct Test total: 100
Middle order is correct
Higher order is correct
TECHNOLOGY GRADE 7 - 9 SCHOOL BASED ASSESSMENT (SBA) GUIDELINES Page 172 of 179
Enq: Kgosietsile Benedict Moeng
(011) 693-4904
Ref: 2017 Term 1 District/Circuit SBA Moderation
Annexure 4: Developing formal assessment tasks

Formal assessment task development checklist
Subject: ______________ Grade: ________ Date: ______ Teacher: ____________
Descriptor
Developer Moderator
Curriculum
1. Are the CAPS requirements covered adequately?
2. Have the correct topics been addressed?
3. Have any topics been neglected or over- emphasised?
Cognitive Levels
4. Has a grid for cognitive levels, marks and time allocation been
completed?
5. Is the mark allocation to each question in keeping with the time

weighting?
6. Are the weightings on the grid correct?
7. Does the assessment item allow for the average learner to have a
reasonable chance of passing?
8. Does the assessment item cater for learning barriers?
Quality of questions
9. Is the numbering of the questions correct?
10. Are all the instructions clear?
11. Are all questions framed without ambiguity?

12. Are the diagrams, graphs, pictures and tables clear and user-
friendly?
13. Is there a variety of question types?
14. Is there a precise indication of the mark allocation? Do the marks
allocated add up to the total indicated?
Quality of Teacher’s Memorandum
15. Is there a Teacher’s Guide/Notes attached to the memorandum?
16. Does the memorandum allow for alternative answers?
17. Does the memorandum correspond with the question paper?
18. Are the instructions and notes user-friendly?
COMMENTS:_________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Signature of Developer: _______________________

SCHOOL/DISTRICT STAMP
Signature of Moderator: _______________________
165
ANNEXURE 5 MODERATION TOOLS
TECHNOLOGY MODERATION INSTRUMENT

School: Date:
Principal: HOD:
Educator/s:
Grade: 7 8 9 LOLT English Afrikaans

Number of classes in grade Subject Advisor:
Class with most learners
Min evidence of 6 learners to be moderated per Grade - 2 above average, 2 average and 2 below average.
NAMES OF LEARNERS MARK/LEVEL MARK/LEVEL ALLOCATED BY
WHOSE TASKS WERE ALLOCATED BY MODERATOR
MODERATED TEACHER
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
ASSESSMENT TASK YES NO COMMENT
Does the task correspond with the programme of
assessment?
Are the task dated?
Is the duration of the task indicated?
Is there evidence that daily teaching and learning
took place regarding the content of the formal
activity?
Does the task reflect the topic and content of the
topic?
Are the instructions clear?
Does the task have a proper layout, free of spelling
and grammatical errors, include clear and legible
extracts/sketches?
Is the language appropriate to the grade and
subject?
Does the task incorporate the different cognitive
levels e.g. Blooms’ Taxonomy?
Are the cognitive level grid completed and
submitted with the test/exam?
ASSESSMENT TOOL
Are the assessment tools e.g. rubric,
memoranda, checklists, etc. for every
assessment task included in the educator’s file?
Is the assessment tool appropriate to the task?
Does the assessment tool make provision for
various alternatives responses?
MARKING
Did the teacher sign and dated the task after
marking?
Did the educator include constructive feedback?
Is marking done according to the assessment tool?
166
RECORDING TOOL
Is the mark sheet included in the file?
Do the learners’ marks corresponds with
the mark sheet?
A.: TERM _______ TEST
167
50%
30%
20%
Moderators comments on the TEST:

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
168
Enq: Kgosietsile Benedict Moeng
Enq: Kgosietsile Benedict Moeng (011) 693-4904
(011) 693-4904 Ref: 2017 Term 1 District/Circuit SBA Moderation
Ref: 2017 Term 1 District/Circuit SBA Moderation
B: MODERATION TOOL FOR MINI-PAT: Grade: 7 ; 8 or 9 (Circle Grade) Term: ___________
CRITERIA YES NO COMMENTS / RECOMMENDATIONS
Was the sequence of the activities followed as

1.
required by CAPS?
Full coverage of required content, concepts and

2.
skills
Were clear instructions given for each

3.
activity/task?
SKILLS ADDRESSED (tick ( ) relevant skills) SKILLS ASSESSED (tick ( ) relevant skills)
4. Investigate Design Making Evaluating Communicating Investigate Design Making Evaluating Communicating
MARKS ALLOCATED FOR DIFFERENT SKILLS __ /__ __ /__ __ /__ __ /__ __ /__
Grade 7: Grade 8: Grade 9:

TOTAL NUMBER OF LEARNERS PER GRADE
5. ________ ________ _______
Grade 7: Grade 8: Grade 9:
NUMBER OF MINI-PATS MODERATED
________ ________ _______
TOTAL MARKS FOR MINI-PAT ___/____
169
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SBA ExemplarsTechnology Grades 7-9

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GENERAL EDUCATION &

TRAINING PHASE (GET)

Grade 7: Exemplar Formal Assessment Tasks 35-103

Grade 8: Exemplar Formal Assessment Tasks 104-143

Grade 9: Exemplar Formal Assessment Tasks 144-155

Exemplar 10: Term 3 – PAT

The guideline must be read and used in conjunction with the:

Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statements (CAPS) for Technology;

1. The Principles of Assessment

The SBA must always demonstrate equal opportunity to learning, consistency

1.1 Valid assessment

The assessment task is valid when it is based on the content and

1.2 Reliable assessment

Reliable assessment also means that when the assessment is developed,

An assessment is deemed reliable when the results obtained from formal

1.4 Sufficient assessment

2. School-Based Assessment (SBA) and Common Assessments

Chapter 4 of the CAPS describes assessment as a continuous planned

2.1. Learners with feedback on how they perform individually, as well as in

SBA comprises both informal (enabling) and formal assessment. Hence,

5(2) School-Based Assessment, Practical Assessment Tasks and end-of-year

5(3) School-Based Assessment and Practical Assessment Tasks allow for

6(1) School-Based Assessment is a compulsory component for progression

School Based Assessment (SBA) Common Assessments

3. Types of Questions that can be used to develop formal assessment tasks

The format of the test/examination paper or formal assessment task can

3.1. Short Answer Questions

Easy and relatively quick to write.

Where a short answer is required, the learner should be given clear

Preparation and presentation of clear diagrams or pictorial material is

Grids for the graphs must be age appropriate.

3.3. Fill the Space/Gap questions

Little scope for the learner to guess the correct answer.

Omit only a relevant key word.

A multiple choice is a question or incomplete statement followed by three to

Marking / scoring is uniform, standardised and usually quick.

Relies on the learner having appropriate reading and comprehension

Allocate approximately one multiple-choice question per minute.

The matching question is a type of multiple-choice question that is helpful for

A lot of content can be covered in one question.

Need a large number of items to match within the question.

Need 7-10 items to match within the question.

3.6. True/False Questions

The true or false question is basically a statement that has to be identified as

Ensure that the statement is entirely true or false.

3.7. Case Study Questions

Useful for assessing high order cognitive questions.

Essay questions must be formulated very carefully.

Formulate the question clearly.

When preparing the memorandum:

select or generate the most appropriate solution/s;

When preparing to develop a formal assessment task, it is important to make

4.1. Bloom’s Taxonomy

In 2001 Bloom’s Taxonomy was revised. Basically, Bloom’s six major

The new terms are defined as:

Remembering: Retrieving, recognizing, and recalling relevant knowledge

Understanding: Constructing meaning from oral, written, and graphic

Applying: Carrying out or using a procedure through executing or

Analysing: Breaking material into constituent parts. Determining how the

Evaluating: Making judgments based on criteria and standards through