BESTLINK COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES- BULACAN INC.

INDUSTRIAL COBOTIC SYSTEM USING

RASPBERRY PI WITH VOICE COMMAND

AND CONVEYOR MECHANISM

A Propose study submitted to the Faculty of Computer

Engineering Department

Bestlink College of the Philippines

Novaliches Quezon City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering

Dela Pena, Angelica

Multo, Joylyn

Maltizo, Christian Lloyd

Pelariz, Jigger Kent

Caingal, Caster Troy

2024
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

In the ever-evolving landscape of industrial automation, the

integration of collaborative robots (cobots) systems has

revolutionized manufacturing processes by enhancing efficiency,

flexibility, and versatility. This delves into the innovate fusion of

industrial cobotics with cutting-edge technology, specifically utilizing

the Raspberry Pi platform in conjunction with voice command

capabilities and sophisticated conveyor mechanism. These

intelligent machines, designed to work alongside humans, aims to

explore the synergistic potential of advanced robotics, IoT, and

automation to propel industrial automation into productivity and

adaptability.

This research aims to delve into the intricate workings and benefits

of such integrated systems, operational advantages and

transformative implications for the future of industrial automation. It

endeavors to unveil possibilities and unlock the full potential of

industrial cobotic systems enhanced with Raspberry Pi and voice

command functionally, driving forward the evolution of smart

manufacturing.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The industrial manufacturing sector serves as the backbone of

global economic growth, facing this sector need to enhance

productivity and flexibility while ensuring the safety and well-being

of workers.

There has been a growing interest in the deployment of

Collaborative Robots (cobots) within manufacturing environments.

By facilitating close collaboration between humans and machines,

cobots have the potential to revolutionize industrial manufacturing,

enabling greater flexibility and efficiency.

According to Jo-Ann Magsumbol, et. al. (2021), Robotics will

definitely transform lives, work practices, raise efficiency and safety

levels, improve the quality of service, and create new jobs. Its
impact will grow over time as well as the interaction between robots

and human beings. However, the adoption of technology has also

disadvantages to the workforce as human resources are needed to

be trained for this new industrial capability.

The primary objective of this study is to enhance human-robot

collaboration in the workplace, allowing robots to work alongside

humans in a shared workspace. Also to enhanced productivity by

reducing idle time and streamlining operations.

The main goal of this research is to create a collaborative

environment where humans and robots can work together

efficiently, to improve workflow efficiency, and assist human

workers without replacing them.

The development of this will be beneficial in giving dissertation to

cobots are increasingly being integrated into various industries,

allowing for automation of tasks that were previously done by

humans, leading to upskilling of the workforce and improved

operational efficiency
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY

FOREIGN STUDY

According to J van Dam, E Leurink, K van Rijswijk, &

Aschenbrenner, D. (2021), Cobot is one of the leading smart

factory manufacturing technologies that are now increasing the

efficiency of the global industrial enterprise. Unlike conventional

robot models, Cobots are lightweight and easy to program. It’s

primary role is to work with people to improve production

automation in a safe and cost-effective way.

According to Jose Cornejo (2023), An industrial robot is a re

programmable multifunctional manipulator capable of moving

materials, parts, tools, or specials devices according to variable

trajectories and performing different tasks. There are robots with

more advanced functions, which includes sight to perform precision

inspections or adjustments. Collaborative robotics are designed to

interact with people safely. The potential of robotics in the industrial

sector is enormous because of the variety of tasks it has applied,

among them are: robotic welding, foundry handling, mold handling,

and plastic molding handling, among others others. Working with

robots brings flexibility, safety, and protection to operators against

harsh and dangerous environments work. Robots can perform

functions without loss of production due to failures, fatigue,

coordination, or planning problems. Thanks to Industry 4.0, it has

been favored for the productive development of any country and

the integration of production chains. However, in different countries,

it is necessary to increase their level of industrialization through

activities that improve their competitiveness and promote sectors

with high added value, providing a generation of jobs and greater

absorption and integration of technology

In a study conducted by Yuvethieka Sri G V, et. al. (2021),

Technology is an excellent tool in this day. This holds true for any

industry where human error is a constant possibility and process

time is significant. This significantly lowers the system's efficiency.

Additionally, most industries include repeated work. In

manufacturing, the sequential assembly of various product

components is crucial. Collaborative robots, or Cobots, aid in this

process by requiring less time and exhibiting great accuracy.

Cobots can also be given duties to complete in order to support

human labour and help in an ergonomic setting. Cobots are

machines designed to perform tasks that complement human

labour and help in an ergonomic setting. The foundation of the

fourth industrial revolution is the fusion of automated and manual

labor. This convergence includes the use of technologies such as

artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), augmented reality

(AR, VR, and MR), cyber-physical systems (CPS), and hopefully

more. Collaborative robots, or Cobots, use these technologies to

augment the dangerous, challenging, tiring, and dangerous

activities that humans perform. In contrast to standard industrial

robots, cobots offer increased flexibility, productivity, safety, and

versatility[6], increasing the likelihood of collaborative success.

Because cobots include both active and passive safety features,

they are simple to operate. They are made from light, rounded edge

materials to protect workers from injury in case of an accident.

Additionally, they have sensors integrated into them. and other

software programs to appropriately detect human presence. For

cobots to assist humans in assembly line operations, additional

safety measures can be put in place. Cobots, unlike humans, are

able to work continuously without getting tired or uncomfortable. As

a result, using cobots to complete highly repetitive and labor-

intensive jobs can match market demand and boost profits. Cobots

pick up things quickly and don't need an experienced trainer to

teach them. All it takes to train them is to move their arms to

different positions. The use of cobots improves human physical

efficiency (ergonomics) by assisting humans in repetitive tasks. It

also boosts production efficiency by improving manufacturing

speed, quality, and uniformity. with less waste and errors. Cost,

tasks, and maintenance are some of the main barriers to using

cobots. In other words, cobots are more cost-effective than

conventional robots and do not require much attention when it

comes to monitoring them since they already have enough safety

features. As the population increases

According to Peter George (2023), Cobots are an integral part of

modern manufacturing, destined to become the leading form of

robotics technology in the future. cobots offer a highly flexible and

human-interactive solution to manufacturing automation. Rather

than operating from within cages, safety features such as force and

proximity sensors and programmed protection zones allow cobots

to work safely, close to human workers. Traditional industrial robots

participate in repetitive manufacturing processes from behind

caged safety enclosures, collaborative robots (cobots) offer a highly

flexible and human- interactive manufacturing automation solution.

Instead of operating from inside cages, safety features such as

force and proximity sensors and programmed protection zones

allow cobots to operate safely, close to human workers. Cobots can

be configured to stop or slow down their movement if they come

into contact with a person or obstacle or enter a protection zone,

which may be an area with high pedestrian traffic. In this way, a

task can be divided into cobot or human-dedicated sub-processes

based on suitability, capability or human preference. The flexible

nature of the cobot makes it ideal for low-volume, 'just-in-time'

manufacturing; however, this requires frequent reprogramming of

the cobot to adapt to dynamic processes. Most mechanical

equipment currently used in manufacturing is mono-functional,

cobots can assist with a wide variety of tasks.

According to Mohd Javaid (2022), Cobot is designed as user-

friendly. They enable operators to respond immediately to work

done by the robot based on the company's urgent needs. This

paper aims to explore the potential of Cobots in manufacturing.

Cobots are widely employed in various industries such as life

science, automotive, manufacturing, electronics, aerospace,

packaging, plastics, and healthcare. For many of these businesses,

the capacity to maintain a lucrative man-machine shared workplace

can provide a considerable competitive edge. Cobots are simple to

use while being dependable, safe, and precise. Human operators

can readily control this technology remotely and perform dangerous

jobs. Cobots are utilized in several methods and a wide range of

application areas. These elevate manufacturing and other

operations to new heights. They also collaborate with humans to

balance the demand for safety and the need for flexibility and

efficiency.

LOCAL STUDY

According to Jo-Ann Magsumbol, et al. (2021), Robotics has a

major impact on the way we live and work today. It will positively

and negatively disturb all sectors of our society, economy and

industry. Robotics will certainly change life, working methods,

increase efficiency and safety level, quality of services and create

new jobs. Its impact will increase over time, as will the interaction

between robots and humans. However, the adoption of the

technology also has disadvantages for the workforce, as human

resources are needed to train with industrial skills. With these, the

government must take initiatives to combat the negative effects of

robotics.
According to Francisco Emmanuel Jr., III Munsayac (2023),

Modern robots are the backbone of Industry 4.0 and are capable of

performing complex tasks. Robots are now used in many

industries, including security, exploration, entertainment,

agriculture, healthcare, and manufacturing. These advances make

robots useful. in many industries, including security, exploration,

entertainment, agriculture, and medical and business. Although

robots have advanced and have many benefits, it is still confronting

obstacles that prevent its development or use. A number of policy

suggestions are provided, including improved government

assistance, payment insurance, skill improvement initiatives,

information sharing, and robot tax, which will promote job stability,

advance the development of robotics, and make it valuable

information and maintain tax stability. To facilitate the reception of

people With industrial adoption of robotics, it is important to develop

policy to reduce the economic and social impact. industrial robots

are the central digital and network component production. Hence,

the need for them to be able to talk to each other regardless of

manufacturers, industrial robots allow them to connect to the

Industrial Internet of Things. The use of digital sensors combined

with intelligent software allowing for direct teaching methods such

as hands on guiding the robot arm at that moment using machine

learning tools that can optimize the movement. They work better

with people where they are integrated into the shared workspace

application and they complete tasks sequentially.

FOREIGN LITERATURE

According to KERMENOV, RENAT, et al, (2023),

Industrial collaborative robots (cobots) are known for their ability to

operate in dynamic environments to perform many different tasks

(since they can be easily reprogrammed). Due to their features,

they are largely used in flexible manufacturing processes. Since

fault diagnosis methods are generally applied to systems where the

working conditions are bounded, problems arise when defining

condition monitoring architecture, in terms of setting absolute

criteria for fault analysis and interpreting the meanings of detected

values since working conditions may vary. The same cobot can be

easily programmed to accomplish more than three or four tasks in a

single working day. The extreme versatility of their use complicates

the definition of strategies for detecting abnormal behavior. This is

because any variation in working conditions can result in a different

distribution of the acquired data stream. This phenomenon can be

viewed as concept drift (CD). CD is defined as the change in data

distribution that occurs in dynamically changing and nonstationary

systems. Therefore, in this work, we propose an unsupervised

anomaly detection (UAD) method that is capable of operating under

CD. This solution aims to identify data changes coming from

different working conditions (the concept drift) or a system

degradation (failure) and, at the same time, can distinguish

between the two cases. Additionally, once a concept drift is

detected, the model can be adapted to the new conditions, thereby

avoiding misinterpretation of the data. This paper concludes with a

proof of concept (POC) that tests the proposed method on

an industrial collaborative robot.

 According to OTHMAN, UQBA (2023), The

successful implementation of Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC)

has become a prominent feature of smart manufacturing

environments. Key industrial requirements, such as flexibility,

efficiency, collaboration, consistency, and sustainability, present

pressing HRC needs in the manufacturing sector. This paper

provides a systemic review and an in-depth discussion of the key

technologies currently being employed in smart manufacturing with

HRC systems. The work presented here focuses on the design of

HRC systems, with particular attention given to the various levels of

Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) observed in the industry. The paper

also examines the key technologies being implemented in smart

manufacturing, including Artificial Intelligence (AI), Collaborative

Robots (Cobots), Augmented Reality (AR), and Digital Twin (DT),

and discusses their applications in HRC systems. The benefits and

practical instances of deploying these technologies are showcased,

emphasizing the substantial prospects for growth and improvement

in sectors such as automotive and food. However, the paper also

addresses the limitations of HRC utilization and implementation and

provides some insights into how the design of these systems

should be approached in future work and research. Overall, this

paper provides new insights into the current state of HRC in smart

manufacturing and serves as a useful resource for those interested

in the ongoing development of HRC systems in the industry.

According to PAULIKOVA, ALENA, et al, (2021),

Implementing Industry 4.0 and interconnected robotization

in industrial enterprises drifts towards occupational changes.

Nowadays, the task is to create cooperation and collaboration

between a robot and a human in a common robotized workplace so

that it is safe and effective. The type of robot, the robotic device

that works in collaboration with a human operator, is called

a cobot. In the case of a closer interaction of the robot

or cobot with humans, it is necessary to consider where it is

possible to replace human work entirely or where it is possible to

merely supplement it. The most socially acceptable option is the

implementation of robots only for the performance of

supplementary tasks, since the traditional work positions of people

in manufacturing processes would remain largely preserved. On the

other hand, workplace robotization is particularly suitable for work

environments with hazardous chemical substances that are

carcinogenic and toxic to humans. Similarly, robotization helps to

improve workplace ergonomics and also to avoid, for humans, very

laborious and often repetitive work. The SWOT analysis (analysis

of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) was used

as a relevant tool to assess various aspects of the impact of

increasing robotization on working positions

in industrial enterprises. SWOT analysis is an indicative

assessment of the suitability of implementation of robots in a given

workplace, which helps to create an optimal solution and indicate

new areas of needed analysis and research directions.

According to PALIGA, MATEUSZ (2023), Modern

factories are subject to rapid technological changes, including the

advancement of robotics. A key manufacturing solution in the

fourth industrial revolution is the introduction of collaborative

robots (cobots), which cooperate directly with human operators

while executing shared tasks. Although collaborative robotics has

tangible benefits, cobots pose several challenges to human-robot

interaction. Proximity, unpredictable robot behavior, and switching

the operator's role from a co-operant to a supervisor can negatively

affect the operator's cognitive, emotional, and behavioral

responses, resulting in their lower well-being and decreased job

performance. Therefore, proper actions are necessary to improve

the interaction between the robot and its human counterpart.

Specifically, exploring the concept of human-robot interaction (HRI)

fluency shows promising perspectives. However, research on

conditions affecting the relationships between HRI fluency and its

outcomes is still in its infancy. Therefore, the aim of this cross-

sectional survey study was twofold. First, the relationships of HRI

fluency with job performance (i.e., task performance, organizational

citizenship behavior, and creative performance) and job satisfaction

were investigated. Second, the moderating role of the quantitative

workload in these associations was verified. The analyses carried

out on data from 200 male and female cobot operators working on

the shop floor showed positive relationships between HRI fluency,

job performance, and job satisfaction. Moreover, the study

confirmed the moderating role of the quantitative workload in these

relations. The results showed that the higher the workload, the

lower the relationships between HRI fluency and its outcomes. The

study findings are discussed within the theoretical framework of the

Job Demands-Control-Support model.

According to ROSSATO, CHIARA, et al, (2021), n

the past few years, collaborative robots (i.e., cobots) have been

largely adopted within industrial manufacturing. Although robots

can support companies and workers in carrying out complex

activities and improving productivity, human factors related

to cobot operators have not yet been thoroughly investigated. The

present study aims to understand the subjective experience of

younger and senior workers interacting with

an industrial collaborative robot. Results show that workers'

acceptance of cobots is high, regardless of age and control

modality used. Interesting differences between seniors and younger

adults emerged in the evaluations of user experience, usability, and

perceived workload of participants and are detailed and

commented in the last part of the work.

LOCAL LITERATURE

According to Jo-Ann Magsumnol, et al. (2021),

According to Samaniego, A. J. (2023),

 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study is conducted to provide valuable information that

industrial cobotic system using raspberry pi with voice command

and conveyor mechanism is designed to function in tandem with

various top modules, including Cobot arms, conveyor systems, and

other unique solutions that promote human-robot collaboration.

This study aims to answer the following:

1. What is Industrial cobotic system using raspberry pi with

voice command and conveyor mechanism?

1.1 2D and 3D Design project prototype

1.2 Picture schematic diagram

2. How is the industrial cobotic system using raspberry pi with

voice command and conveyor mechanism going to be

fabricated?

2.1 Prototype assembly process

 2.2 Hardware Prototyping

2.3 Software Prototyping

3. How is the industrial cobotic system using raspberry pi with

voice command and conveyor mechanism going to be

functional?

3.1 Material, functions and formula

3.2 Prototype Operationality

4. How is the industrial cobotic system using raspberry pi

with voice command and conveyor mechanism

going to be reliable?

4.1Sustainability

4.2Portability

4.3Safety

4.4Economy

4.5Engineering Standard

5. What is the perception of the targeted user of industrial

cobotic system?

5.1Data Analysis
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:

This study aimed to provide valuable information on how Industrial

Cobotic system using Raspberry Pi with voice command and

conveyor mechanism manage and affect the work of humans and

it's relevance in the field of industrial manufacturing.

For the Costumers, it benefit from the increased efficiency and

quality in manufacturing processes or facilities management

services.

For the Workers, cobots play a crucial role by bridging the gap

between automation and human labor, increasing productivity, and

improved quality assurance. It will cost-effective in the long run,

consistency in task execution, and potential labor cost reduction.

Also they can handle repetitive, or dull tasks, freeing up human

workers to focus on more complex and creative tasks.

For the Manufacturing Companies, the result of the study will

leading to improved productivity and reduced labor costs,

experience a greater return on investment (ROI) resulting in quicker

payback periods.

And, for the Future Researchers, the result of this research may

be a basis of further studies and can be used as related literature.

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS:
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS:

This capstone solely concentrating just on the advancement of

industrial cobotic system using Raspberry Pi with voice command
and conveyor mechanism involves exploring the development and
implementation of a robotic system that integrates Raspberry Pi for
control, voice commands for operation, and a conveyor mechanism
for specific industrial applications. By leveraging the capabilities of
Raspberry Pi, voice recognition software, and the conveyor system,
the research seeks to optimize efficiency, productivity, and safety in
industrial processes through human-machine interaction facilitated
by voice commands.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
C++ - C++ is a cross-platform language developed by Bjarne

Stroustrup as an extension to the C language that can be used to

create high-performance applications.

Closed loop Control System - a mechanical or electronic device

that controls a system automatically to keep it at the desired state

or set point without requiring human intervention.

Cobot, or Collaborative robot - a robot intended for direct human-

robot interaction within a shared space, or where humans and

robots are in close proximity.

Feedback - information that is used as a foundation for

improvement, such as data on how people react to a product or

how well someone performs a task.

Prototype - A prototype is a straightforward experimental model of

a suggested solution that can be quickly and inexpensively used to

test or validate ideas, design hypotheses, and other aspects of its

conceptualization. This allows the designer or designers involved to

make the necessary adjustments or potential changes in direction.