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Fee2 Lecture 2

The document provides an overview of three-phase electrical circuits, detailing their characteristics, components, and classifications. It explains the differences between star and delta connections, including their advantages and applications in power transmission. Additionally, it includes practical examples and calculations related to power, current, and efficiency in three-phase systems.

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4 views24 pages

Fee2 Lecture 2

The document provides an overview of three-phase electrical circuits, detailing their characteristics, components, and classifications. It explains the differences between star and delta connections, including their advantages and applications in power transmission. Additionally, it includes practical examples and calculations related to power, current, and efficiency in three-phase systems.

Uploaded by

b.batzhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Foundation of Electrical

Engineering 2
Dr Shah
Three phase electrical circuits
What is a Three-Phase Electrical Circuit?
• A three-phase electrical circuit is a system that uses three alternating
currents or voltages, which:
• Have the same frequency.
• Are of equal amplitude.
• Are phase-shifted by 120 degrees.

• Key Features:
• Three separate conductors, each carrying an alternating current.
• Phase difference of 120° ensures continuous and balanced power delivery.
• Can operate with or without a neutral conductor
Components of a Three-Phase System
a. Voltage Sources:
• Three-phase voltage sources generate three sinusoidal voltages:

b. Loads:
Loads in three-phase systems can be:
• Balanced Loads: Equal impedance in all three phases.
• Unbalanced Loads: Unequal impedance, causing imbalance.

c. Transmission Lines:
Conductors that carry three-phase power:
• Line Conductors: Carry phase currents.
• Neutral Conductor: (Optional) Provides a return path for unbalanced currents.
Classification of Three-Phase Circuits
Classification of Three-Phase Circuits
Advantages of Three-Phase Systems

vibration
Working Principles
Star (Y) vs. Delta (Δ) Connection

Power
Real-World Applications
Power in Three-Phase Systems
Challenges in Three-Phase Systems
Star Connection
• In star connection, there is four wire, three wires are phase wire
and fourth is neutral which is taken from the star point.
• Star connection is preferred for long distance power
transmission because it is having the neutral point.

• When equal current will flow through all the three phases, then
it is called as balanced current.
• And when the current will not be equal in any of the phase, then it is
unbalanced current.
• In this case, during balanced condition there will be no current
flowing through the neutral line and hence there is no use of the
neutral terminal.
• But when there will be unbalanced current flowing in the three
phase circuit, neutral is having a vital role. It will take the
unbalanced current through to the ground and protect the
transformer.
• Unbalanced current affects transformer and it may also cause
damage to the transformer and for this star connection is preferred
for long distance transmission.
Delta Connection
• In delta connection, there is three wires alone and no neutral
terminal is taken.
• Normally delta connection is preferred for short distance due to
the problem of unbalanced current in the circuit.
Problem

• The input power to a 3-phase a.c. motor is measured as 5kW. If the voltage and current to the motor
are 400V and 8.6A respectively, determine the power factor of the system?

• Power P=5000W,
line voltage VL = 400 V,
line current, IL = 8.6A and
power, P =√3 VLIL cos φ

power factor = cos φ = P √3 VLIL

= 5000 √3 (400) (8.6)

= 0.839
Three loads, each of resistance 30, are connected in star to a 415 V, 3-phase supply. Determine
(a) the system phase voltage, (b) the phase current and (c) the line current

• A ‘415 V, 3-phase supply’ means that 415 V is the line voltage, VL

(a) For a star connection, VL =√3Vp Hence phase voltage, Vp = VL/√3


= 415 /√3

= 239.6 V or 240 V

(b) Phase current, Ip = Vp/Rp


= 240/30

=8 A

(c) For a star connection, Ip = IL Hence the line current, IL = 8 A


Three identical coils, each of resistance 10ohm and inductance 42mH are connected (a) in star and (b) in
delta to a 415V, 50 Hz, 3-phase supply. Determine the total power dissipated in each case.

Phase current,
(a) Star connection
Ip =Vp/Zp =240/16.55=14.50 A. Line current,
Inductive reactance,
IL =Ip =14.50 A.
XL =2πf L =2π (50) (42×10−3) =13.19
Phase impedance,
Power factor= cos φ=Rp/Zp =10/16.55 =0.6042 lagging.
Zp =√(R2 +XL2)
=√(102 +13.192) =16.55
Power dissipated,
Line voltage, VL =415 V
And phase voltage,
P =√3 VLIL cos φ =√3 (415) (14.50)(0.6042) = 6.3kW (Alternatively,
VP =VL/√3=415/√3=240 V.
P =3I2R =3(14.50)2(10)=6.3kW)
(b) Delta connection

VL = Vp = 415 V,

Zp = 16.55_, cos φ = 0.6042 lagging (from above). Phase current,

Ip =Vp/Zp =415/16.55=25.08A. Line current,


IL =√3Ip =√3(25.08)=43.44A.

Power dissipated,
P =√3 VLIL cos φ
=√3 (415)(43.44)(0.6042) = 18.87kW
(Alternatively,
P =3I2R
=3(25.08)2(10) =18.87 kW)
A 415V, 3-phase a.c. motor has a power output of 12.75kW and operates at a power factor of 0.77 lagging
and with an efficiency of 85 per cent. If the motor is delta-connected, determine (a) the power input, (b)
the line current and (c) the phase current.

(a) Efficiency=power output/power input.


Hence

(85/100)=12.750 power input from which, Power input = 12. 750 × 10085
= 15 000W or 15Kw

(b) Power, P=√3 VLIL cos φ, hence

(c) line current,


IL = P/ √3 (415) (0.77)

= 15 000/ √3 (415) (0.77)

= 27.10A

(d) For a delta connection, IL =√3 Ip,


Hence

Phase current, Ip = IL/√3


= 27.10 /√3

= 15.65A
Thank You

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