Batch 1

1. Write a NumPy program to search the index of a given array in another given array.

Program:

import numpy as np

def find_index(main_array, sub_array):

main_array = np.array(main_array)
sub_array = np.array(sub_array)

result = np.where(np.all(main_array == sub_array, axis=1))

if result[0].size > 0:
return result[0][0]
else:
return -1

main_array = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]

sub_array = [3, 4]
index = find_index(main_array, sub_array)
print(f"Index of sub_array: {index}")

output

Index of sub_array: 1

2, Write a NumPy program to convert a Python dictionary to a NumPy ndarray.

Program:

import numpy as np

# Example Python dictionary

my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}

# Convert both keys and values into a NumPy ndarray

np_array = np.array(list(my_dict.items()))

print("NumPy ndarray with keys and values:", np_array)

output:

NumPy ndarray with keys and values:

[['a' '1']
['b' '2']
['c' '3']]
 3..Write a Pandas program to select all columns, except one given column
in a DataFrame.

Program:

import pandas as pd
data = {
'A': [1, 2, 3],
'B': [4, 5, 6],
'C': [7, 8, 9],
}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
column_to_exclude = 'B'
df_selected = df.drop(columns=[column_to_exclude])
print(df_selected)

output:

A C
0 1 7
1 2 8
2 3 9
4 . Write a Pandas program to get first n records of a DataFrame.

Program:

import pandas as pd
data = {
'A': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
'B': [6, 7, 8, 9, 10],
'C': [11, 12, 13, 14, 15],
}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
n=3
first_n_records = df.head(n)
print(first_n_records)

output:

A B C
0 1 6 11
1 2 7 12
2 3 8 13

5. Apply and explore various plotting functions on UCI data set for performing the
following:
a) Correlation and scatter plots
b) Histograms
c) Three-dimensional plotting.
Program:

# Import necessary libraries

import pandas as pd
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from sklearn.datasets import load_iris

# Load the Iris dataset

iris = load_iris()
data = pd.DataFrame(iris.data, columns=iris.feature_names)
data['species'] = iris.target

# Map target integers to species names

data['species'] = data['species'].map({0: 'setosa', 1: 'versicolor', 2: 'virginica'})

# Display first few rows of the dataset

print(data.head())

# 1. Correlation and Scatter Plots

# Compute correlation matrix
corr_matrix = data.iloc[:, :-1].corr()
print("\nCorrelation Matrix:\n", corr_matrix)
 # Heatmap of correlation matrix
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6))
sns.heatmap(corr_matrix, annot=True, cmap='coolwarm', fmt=".2f")
plt.title("Correlation Matrix Heatmap")
plt.show()

# Pairwise scatter plots

sns.pairplot(data, hue='species', diag_kind='hist')
plt.suptitle("Pairwise Scatter Plots", y=1.02)
plt.show()

# 2. Histograms
data.iloc[:, :-1].hist(bins=15, figsize=(10, 8), color='skyblue', edgecolor='black')
plt.suptitle("Histograms of Features")
plt.show()

# 3. Three-dimensional Plotting
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

# Scatter plot in 3D
scatter = ax.scatter(
data.iloc[:, 0], # First feature
data.iloc[:, 1], # Second feature
data.iloc[:, 2], # Third feature
c=data['species'].map({'setosa': 'r', 'versicolor': 'g', 'virginica': 'b'}),
label=data['species'],
alpha=0.7
)

# Labels and title

ax.set_xlabel('Sepal Length (cm)')
ax.set_ylabel('Sepal Width (cm)')
ax.set_zlabel('Petal Length (cm)')
plt.title("3D Scatter Plot of Iris Dataset")
plt.legend(['Setosa', 'Versicolor', 'Virginica'], loc='upper left')
plt.show()

output:
 6. Apply and explore various plotting functions on UCI data set for performing the
following:
a) Normal values
b) Density and contour plots
c) Three-dimensional plotting

Program:
# Import necessary libraries
import pandas as pd
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.datasets import load_iris
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from scipy.stats import zscore

# Load the Iris dataset

iris = load_iris()
data = pd.DataFrame(iris.data, columns=iris.feature_names)
data['species'] = iris.target

# Map target integers to species names

data['species'] = data['species'].map({0: 'setosa', 1: 'versicolor', 2: 'virginica'})

# Display the first few rows of the dataset

print(data.head())

# (a) Normalize Values

# Normalize the numerical features using z-score normalization
normalized_data = data.iloc[:, :-1].apply(zscore)
normalized_data['species'] = data['species']

# Plot normalized values

plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
for col in normalized_data.columns[:-1]:
plt.plot(normalized_data[col], label=col)

plt.title("Normalized Values of Features")

plt.xlabel("Sample Index")
plt.ylabel("Z-score")
plt.legend()
plt.show()

# (b) Density and Contour Plots

# Kernel density estimation (KDE) plot for two features
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6))
sns.kdeplot(
x=data.iloc[:, 0],
y=data.iloc[:, 2],
hue=data['species'],
fill=True,
cmap="viridis",
alpha=0.7
)
plt.title("Density and Contour Plot")
plt.xlabel("Sepal Length (cm)")
plt.ylabel("Petal Length (cm)")
plt.show()

# (c) Three-dimensional Plotting

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

# 3D scatter plot with different species

scatter = ax.scatter(
data.iloc[:, 0], # Sepal Length
data.iloc[:, 1], # Sepal Width
data.iloc[:, 2], # Petal Length
c=data['species'].map({'setosa': 'r', 'versicolor': 'g', 'virginica': 'b'}),
alpha=0.7
)
 # Labels and title
ax.set_xlabel('Sepal Length (cm)')
ax.set_ylabel('Sepal Width (cm)')
ax.set_zlabel('Petal Length (cm)')
plt.title("3D Scatter Plot of Iris Dataset")
plt.legend(['Setosa', 'Versicolor', 'Virginica'], loc='upper left')
plt.show()

output:
7. Use the diabetes data set from UCI data set for performing the following:
Apply Bivariate analysis:
• Multiple Regression analysis

8. Use the diabetes data set from UCI data set for performing the following:
Apply Bivariate analysis:
• Linear and logistic regression modeling

9. Use the diabetes data set from UCI data set for performing the following:
Apply Univariate analysis:
• Frequency
• Mean,
• Median,
• Mode,
• Variance
• Standard Deviation
 • Skewness and Kurtosis

10. Reading data from text files, Excel and the web and exploring various
commands for doing descriptive analytics on the Iris data set

11. Write a Pandas program to get the first 3 rows of a given

DataFrame.

# Import the pandas library

import pandas as pd

# Define a dictionary with sample data

data = {
"Name": ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie", "David", "Eva"],
"Score": [85, 78, 90, 65, 88],
"Attempts": [1, 3, 2, 4, 3],
"Grade": ["A", "B", "A", "C", "B"]
}

# Create a DataFrame from the dictionary

df = pd.DataFrame(data)

# Get the first 3 rows of the DataFrame

first_three_rows = df.head(3)

# Display the first 3 rows

print("First 3 rows of the DataFrame:")
print(first_three_rows)

output:

First 3 rows of the DataFrame:

Name Score Attempts Grade
0 Alice 85 1 A
1 Bob 78 3 B
2 Charlie 90 2 A

12. Write a Pandas program to select the rows where the number of attempts in
the examination is
greater than 2.

Program:

# Import the pandas library

import pandas as pd

# Define a dictionary with sample data

data = {
"Name": ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie", "David", "Eva"],
 "Score": [85, 78, 90, 65, 88],
"Attempts": [1, 3, 2, 4, 3],
"Grade": ["A", "B", "A", "C", "B"]
}

# Create a DataFrame from the dictionary

df = pd.DataFrame(data)

# Select rows where 'Attempts' > 2

filtered_df = df[df["Attempts"] > 2]

# Display the filtered DataFrame

print("Rows where the number of attempts is greater than 2:")
print(filtered_df)

output:
Rows where the number of attempts is greater than 2:
Name Score Attempts Grade
1 Bob 78 3 B
3 David 65 4 C
4 Eva 88 3 B

13. Write a Pandas program to create and display a DataFrame from a

specified dictionary data which
has the index labels.

Program:
# Import the pandas library
import pandas as pd

# Define a dictionary with data

data = {
"Name": ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie", "David"],
"Age": [25, 30, 35, 40],
"City": ["New York", "Los Angeles", "Chicago", "Houston"],
"Score": [85, 90, 88, 92]
}

# Define custom index labels

index_labels = ["A", "B", "C", "D"]

# Create a DataFrame from the dictionary with the specified index labels
df = pd.DataFrame(data, index=index_labels)

# Display the DataFrame

print("DataFrame:")
print(df)

output:

DataFrame:
Name Age City Score
A Alice 25 New York 85
B Bob 30 Los Angeles 90
C Charlie 35 Chicago 88
D David 40 Houston 92

14.

a. Write a NumPy program to convert an array to a float type

Program
import numpy as np

# Create an integer array

arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

# Convert the array to float type

arr_float = arr.astype(float)

# Display the result

print("Original array:", arr)
print("Array converted to float type:", arr_float)

output:
Original array: [1 2 3 4 5]
Array converted to float type: [1. 2. 3. 4. 5.]
[ ]:
1

b. Write a NumPy program to create an empty and a full array

Program;
import numpy as np

# Create an empty array (values are random and uninitialized)

empty_arr = np.empty((3, 3))

# Create a full array with all elements set to a specific value

full_arr = np.full((3, 3), 7)

# Display the arrays

print("Empty array:")
print(empty_arr)
print("\nFull array (filled with 7):")
print(full_arr)

output:
Empty array:
[[0. 0. 0.]
[0. 0. 0.]
[0. 0. 0.]]

Full array (filled with 7):

[[7 7 7]
[7 7 7]
[7 7 7]]
 c. Write a NumPy program to convert a list and tuple into arrays
Program:
import numpy as np

# List and tuple

my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
my_tuple = (6, 7, 8, 9, 10)

# Convert list and tuple to numpy arrays

array_from_list = np.array(my_list)
array_from_tuple = np.array(my_tuple)

# Display the results

print("Array from List:", array_from_list)
print("Array from Tuple:", array_from_tuple)

output:
Array from List: [1 2 3 4 5]
Array from Tuple: [ 6 7 8 9 10]

d. Write a NumPy program to find the real and imaginary parts of an array of complex
numbers
Program:

import numpy as np

# Create an array of complex numbers

complex_array = np.array([3+4j, 1+2j, 5-6j, -2+3j])

# Extract real and imaginary parts

real_part = np.real(complex_array)
imaginary_part = np.imag(complex_array)

# Display the results

print("Original Complex Array:", complex_array)
print("Real Part:", real_part)
print("Imaginary Part:", imaginary_part)

output:
Original Complex Array: [ 3.+4.j 1.+2.j 5.-6.j -2.+3.j]
Real Part: [ 3. 1. 5. -2.]
Imaginary Part: [ 4. 2. -6. 3.]
15..

a. Write a NumPy program to convert an array to a float type

b. Write a NumPy program to add a border (filled with 0's) around an existing array
c. Write a NumPy program to convert a list and tuple into arrays
d. Write a NumPy program to append values to the end of an array
a. Convert an array to a float type
python
Copy code
import numpy as np

# Create an array of integers

int_array = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

# Convert the array to float type

float_array = int_array.astype(float)

# Display the result

print("Original Array:", int_array)

print("Array as Float:", float_array)

b. Add a border (filled with 0's) around an existing array

python
Copy code
import numpy as np

# Create a 2D array
original_array = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])

# Add a border filled with 0's

array_with_border = np.pad(original_array, pad_width=1,
mode='constant', constant_values=0)

# Display the result

print("Original Array:")
print(original_array)
print("Array with Border:")
print(array_with_border)

c. Convert a list and tuple into arrays

python
Copy code
import numpy as np

# List and tuple

my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
my_tuple = (6, 7, 8, 9, 10)

# Convert list and tuple to numpy arrays

array_from_list = np.array(my_list)
array_from_tuple = np.array(my_tuple)

# Display the results

print("Array from List:", array_from_list)
print("Array from Tuple:", array_from_tuple)

d. Append values to the end of an array

python
Copy code
import numpy as np

# Create an array
original_array = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
# Values to append
values_to_append = [5, 6, 7]

# Append values to the end of the array

new_array = np.append(original_array, values_to_append)

# Display the result

print("Original Array:", original_array)
print("Array after appending:", new_array)

output for all:

a . Convert an array to a float type
python
Copy code
Original Array: [1 2 3 4 5]
Array as Float: [1. 2. 3. 4. 5.]
b. Add a border (filled with 0's) around an existing array
python
Copy code
Original Array:
[[1 2 3]
[4 5 6]]
Array with Border:
[[0 0 0 0]
[0 1 2 3]
[0 4 5 6]
[0 0 0 0]]
c. Convert a list and tuple into arrays
python
Copy code
Array from List: [1 2 3 4 5]
Array from Tuple: [ 6 7 8 9 10]
d. Append values to the end of an array
python
Copy code
Original Array: [1 2 3 4]
Array after appending: [1 2 3 4 5 6 7]