HOP

HOPE HALL FOUNDATION SCHOOL

PRE- BOARD –I EXAMINATION (2024-25)
SUBJECT- PHYSICS
CLASS-XII
(SET-A)

TIME: 3 HOURS MM: 70

General Instructions:
1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory
2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
All the sections are compulsory.
3. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion-Reasoning based questions
of 1 mark each, Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven
questions of three marks each, section D contains three long questions of five marks each and
Section E contains two case study based questions of 4 marks each.
4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in section B, C, D and
E. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
5. Use of calculators is not allowed.
SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 16 carry 1 mark each.

1. A resistance R is to be measured using a meter bridge. Student chooses the standard resistance S
to be 100 Ω. He finds the null point at l1 = 2.9 cm. He is told to attempt to improve the
accuracy.Which of the following is a useful way?
(a) He should measure l1 more accurately.
(b) He should change S to 1000 Ω and repeat the experiment.
(c) He should change S to 3 Ω and repeat the experiment.
(d) He should give up hope of a more accurate measurement with a meter bridge.
2. The variation potential V with r and electric field E with r for a point charge is correctly shown
in the graphs.

3. A proton, a neutron, an electron and an α-particle have the same energy. Then their de Broglie
wavelengths compare as
(a) λp = λn > λe > λα (b) λα < λp = λn < λe
(c) λe < λp = λn > λα (d) λe = λp = λn = λα
4. There are two coils A and B as shown in figure. A current starts flowing in B as shown, when A
is moved towards B and stops when A stops moving. The current in A is counter clockwise. B is
kept stationary when A moves. We can infer that:

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 (a) there is a constant current in the clockwise direction in A.
(b) there is a varying current in A.
(c) there is no current in A.
(d) there is a constant current in the counter clockwise direction in A.

5. The direction of ray of light incident on a concave mirror is shown by PQ while directions in
which the ray would travel after reflection is shown by four rays marked 1, 2, 3 and 4 (figure).
Which of the four rays correctly shows the direction of reflected ray:

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

6. The spatial distribution of the electric field due to two charges (A, B) is shown in figure. Which
one of the following statements is correct?

(a) A is + ve and B is – ve and |A|>|B|

(b) A is – ve and B is + ve, |A|=|B|
(c) Both are + ve but A>B
(d) Both are – ve but A>B

7. In a Young’s double-slit experiment the source is white light. One of the holes is covered by a
red filter and another by a blue filter. In this case,
(a) there shall be alternate interference patterns of red and blue.
(b) there shall be an interference pattern for red distinct from that for blue.
(c) there shall be no interference fringes.
(d) there shall be an interference pattern for red mixing with one for blue.

8. A metal rod of length 10 cm and a rectangular cross-section of 1 cm × 1/2 cm is connected to

battery across opposite faces. The resistance will be
(a) maximum when the battery is connected across 1 cm × 1/2 cm faces
(b) maximum when the battery is connected across 10 cm × 1 cm faces
(c) maximum when the battery is connected across 10 cm × 1/2 cm faces
(d) same irrespective of the three faces

9. Consider sunlight incident on a slit of width 104 Å. The image seen through the slit shall:
(a) be a fine sharp slit white in colour at the centre.
(b) a bright slit white at the centre diffusing to zero intensities at the edges.
(c) a bright slit white at the centre diffusing to regions of different colours.
(d) only be a diffused slit white in colour. 1

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10. The electrostatic potential on the surface of a charged conducting sphere is 100 V. Two
statements are made in this regard:
S1 : At any point inside the sphere, electric intensity is zero.
S2 : At any point inside the sphere, the electrostatic potential is 100 V.
Which of the following is a correct statement?
(a) S1 is true but S2 is false.
(b) Both S1 and S2 are false.
(c) S1 is true, S2 is also true and S1 is the cause of S2.
(d) S1 is true, S2 is also true but the statements are independent.
11. A square of side L metres lies in the x–y plane in a region where the magnetic field is given by
B = B0 (2i + 3 j + 4k) Tesla, where, B0 is constant.
The magnitude of flux passing through the square is: 29B L2 Wb
(a) 2B L2 Wb (b) 3B L2 Wb (c) 4B L2 Wb (d)
0 0 0 0

12. A silver wire has a resistance of 2.1 Ω at 27.5 °C, and a resistance of 2.7 Ω at 100 °C. What is
the temperature coefficient of resistivity of silver?
(a) 0.0059 (b) 0.0039 (c) 0.0129 (d) 0.0159

ASSERTION-REASON BASED QUESTIONS

In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

13. Assertion (A): The drift velocity of electrons in a metallic conductor decreases with rise of
temperature of conductor.
Reason (R): On increasing temperature, the collision of electrons with lattice ions increases; this
hinders the drift of electrons.

14. Assertion (A): In series LCR resonance circuit, the impedance is equal to the ohmic resistance.
Reason (R): At resonance, the inductive reactance exceeds the capacitive reactance.

15. Assertion (A): In an electromagnetic wave, electric field vector and magnetic field vector are
mutually perpendicular.
Reason (R): Electromagnetic waves are transverse.

16. Assertion (A): Magnetic field lines always form closed loops.
Reason (R): Moving charges or currents produce a magnetic field.

SECTION – B
Questions 17 to 21 carry 2 marks each.

17. Two monochromatic radiations of frequencies v1 and v2 (v1 > v2) and having the same intensity are,
in turn, incident on a photosensitive surface to cause photoelectric emission. Explain, giving
reason, in which case (i) more number of electrons will be emitted and (ii) the maximum kinetic
energy of the emitted photoelectrons will be more.

18. Draw the energy band diagram when intrinsic semiconductor (Ge) is doped with impurity atoms
of Antimony (Sb). Name the extrinsic semiconductor so obtained and majority charge carriers in
it.
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19. A proton and a deuteron are accelerated through the same accelerating potential. Which one of
the two has:
(a) greater value of de-Broglie wavelength associated with it, and
(b) less momentum?
Give reasons to justify your answer.

20. (a) Which charge carriers in intrinsic semiconductor will have conduction?
(b) How does the resistance of a semiconductor change when heated?

21. Differentiate between impact parameter and distance of closest approach.

OR
Write the shortcomings of Rutherford atomic model. Explain how these were overcome by the
postulates of Bohr's atomic model.
SECTION – C
Questions 22 to 28 carry 3 marks each.
22. A device ‘X’ is connected to an a.c source. The variation of voltage, current and power in one
complete cycle is shown in the below figure.
(a) Which curve shows power consumption over a full cycle?
(b) What is the average power consumption over a cycle?
(c) Identify the device ‘X’.

OR
State the underlying principle of a transformer. How is the large scale transmission of electric
energy over long distances done with the use of transformers?
23. Name the type of EM waves having a wavelength range of 0.1 m to 1 mm. How are these waves
generated? Write their two uses.
OR
What should be the width of each slit to obtain 10 maxima of double slit pattern within the
central maxima of single slit pattern?

24. A coil of wire enclosing an area 100 cm2 is placed with its plane making an angle 60° with the
magnetic field of strength 10–1 T.
What is the flux through the coil? If magnetic field is reduced to zero in 10–3 s, then find the
induced emf.

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25. Explain the formation of potential barrier and depletion region in a p–n junction diode. What is
effect of applying forward bias on the width of depletion region?
OR
(a) In the following diagram, which bulb out of B1 and B2 will glow and why?

(b) With the help of diagram explain the working of half wave rectifier.
26. A 200 uF parallel plate capacitor having plate separation of 5 mm is charged by a 100 V dc
source. It remains connected to the source. Using an insulated handle, the distance between the
plates is doubled and a dielectric slab of thickness 5 mm and dielectric constant 10 is introduced
between the plates. Explain with reason, how the (i) capacitance, (ii) electric field between the
plates, (iii) energy density of the capacitor will change?

27. (a) Define mutual inductance and write its S.I. unit.
(b) A square loop of side 'a' carrying a current I2 is kept at distance x from an infinitely long
straight wire carrying a current I1 as shown in the figure. Obtain the expression for the resultant
force acting on the loop.

28. Draw the curve showing the variation of binding energy per nucleon with the mass number of
nuclei. Using it explain the fusion of nuclei lying on ascending part and fission of nuclei lying on
descending part of this curve.
SECTION – D
Questions 29 to 31 carry 5 marks each.

29. (a) In Rutherford scattering experiment, draw the trajectory traced by a-particles in the coulomb
field of target nucleus and explain how this led to estimate the size of the nucleus.
(b) Describe briefly how wavelength is related to kinetic energy?
(c) Estimate the ratio of de-Broglie wavelengths associated with deuterons and a-particles when
they are accelerated from rest through the same accelerating potential V.
OR

(a) Using Bohr’s postulates, derive the expression for the total energy of the electron in the
stationary states of the hydrogen atom.

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 (b) Using Rydberg formula, calculate the wavelengths of the spectral lines of the first member of
the Lyman series and of the Balmer series.

30. (a) Define the term wavefront.

(b) Use Huygens’ geometrical construction to show how a plane wave front at t = 0 propagates
and produces a wave front at a later time. Using Huygen's wave theory, verify the law of
reflection.
OR
Answer the following questions:
(a) In a single-slit diffraction experiment, the width of the slit is made double the original width.
How does this affect the size and intensity of the central diffraction band?
(b) In what way is diffraction from each slit related to the interference pattern in a double-slit
experiment?
(c) When a tiny circular obstacle is placed in the path of light from a distant source, a bright spot
is seen at the centre of the shadow of the obstacle. Explain why?
(d) Two students are separated by a 7 m partition wall in a room 10 m high. If both light and
sound waves can bend around obstacles, how is it that the students are unable to see each other
even though they can converse easily.
(e) Ray optics is based on the assumption that light travels in a straight line. Diffraction effects
(observed when light propagates through small apertures/slits or around small obstacles)
disprove this assumption. Yet the ray optics assumption is so commonly used in understanding
location and several other properties of images in optical instruments. What is the justification?

31. (i) Describe briefly the process of transferring the charge between the two plates of a parallel
plate capacitor when connected to a battery. Derive an expression for the energy stored in a
capacitor.
(ii) A parallel plate capacitor is charged by a battery to a potential difference V. It is
disconnected from battery and then connected to another uncharged capacitor of the same
capacitance. Calculate the ratio of the energy stored in the combination to the initial energy on
the single capacitor.
OR
A capacitor of capacitance C1 is charged to a potential V1 while another capacitor of capacitance
C2 is charged to a potential difference V2. The capacitors are now disconnected from their
respective charging batteries and connected in parallel to each other.
(a) Find the total energy stored in the two capacitors before they are connected.
(b) Find the total energy stored in the parallel combination of the two capacitors.
(c) Explain the reason for the difference of energy in parallel combination in comparison to the
total energy before they are connected.

SECTION – E (Case Study Based Questions)

Questions 32 to 33 carry 4 marks each.
32. Case-Study 1:
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions.
For an RLC circuit driven with voltage of amplitude vm and frequency wO, we found that the
v vm
current amplitude is given by i = m =
Z R2 + ( X C - XL L)2
with XC = 1/woC and XL = w o L. and the impedance is minimum (Z
R2 + O 2 = R). This
frequency is called the resonant frequency:
1 = w L or w 1 =
X C = X L or 0 0=
w0 C LC
At resonant frequency, the current amplitude is maximum; im = Vm/R.

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 Figure shows the variation of im with wO in a RLC series circuit with L = 1.00 mH, C = 1.00 nF
for two values of
R: (i) R = 100 ohm and (ii) R = 200 ohm. For the source applied Vm = 100
V.We see that the current amplitude is maximum at the resonant frequency.

(i) What is the value of resistance for graph (i) and graph (ii)?
(ii) What happens to the inductive and capacitive reactance at resonance?
(iii) Can we have resonance in R L and RC circuit?
OR
What is the phase difference between voltage and current at resonance?

33. Case-Study 2:
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions
Galvanometer can sense/measure current. Improved mirror galvanometer was developed by
William Thomson, later to become Lord Kelvin, in 1858. Thomson intended the instrument to
read weak signal currents on very long submarine telegraph cables.
The fundamental problems of transmitting/ receiving a signal through a lengthy submarine cable
was that the electrical current tended to be very low (as little as 1/1,00,000th of a standard light
bulb). So, it was very difficult to detect it. To solve the problem it was thought that larger
amount of electric current would be sent through the line. But Thomson had a different approach.
He thought the best response was to devise a device that could read faint signals. The
galvanometer, first invented in 1802, was a means of detecting electric current. It consisted of a
needle that was deflected by the magnetic field created by the electric current. But the
galvanometers of the day couldn't detect the weak signals that came through a long underwater
cable. But the improved version of galvanometer was highly sensitive to detect the lowest
current.

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The mirror galvanometer consists of a long fine coil of silk-covered copper wire. In the heart of that
coil, within a little air-chamber, a small round mirror is hung by a single fibre of floss silk, with four
tiny magnets cemented to its back.
A beam of light is thrown from a lamp upon the mirror and reflected by it upon a white screen or scale
a few feet distant, where it forms a bright spot of light; when there is no current on the instrument, the
spot of light remains stationary at the zero position on the screen; but the instant a current traverses the
long wire of the coil, the suspended magnets twist themselves horizontally out of their former position,
the mirror is inclined with them, and the beam of light is deflected along the screen to one side or the
other, according to the nature of the current. If a positive electric current gives a deflection to the right
of zero, a negative current will give a deflection to the left of zero and vice versa.
The air in the little chamber surrounding the mirror is compressed, so as to act like a cushion, and
deaden the movements of the mirror; the mirror is thus prevented from idly swinging about at each
deflections.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions
(i) The credit for improved galvanometer development goes to whom? And what is its primary
function?
(ii) Define the basic principle of galvanometer.
(iii) The mirror galvanometer consists of what components?

OR

How the ideal swinging of the mirror of mirror galvanometer is prevented?

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