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Exercise Safety Performance Functions

The document outlines exercises related to Safety Performance Functions (SPF) and Crash Modification Factors (CMF) for road safety evaluation. It provides formulas to estimate the number of crashes based on traffic volume and road characteristics, and discusses the impact of design modifications on crash reduction. Additionally, it includes practical exercises for evaluating both new and existing road designs to improve safety outcomes.

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10 views8 pages

Exercise Safety Performance Functions

The document outlines exercises related to Safety Performance Functions (SPF) and Crash Modification Factors (CMF) for road safety evaluation. It provides formulas to estimate the number of crashes based on traffic volume and road characteristics, and discusses the impact of design modifications on crash reduction. Additionally, it includes practical exercises for evaluating both new and existing road designs to improve safety outcomes.

Uploaded by

jamestclair7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exercise: Safety Performance functions

Road Safety
A.A. 2023-2024
Module 2

Fondzenyuy Stephen Kome


Stephenkome.Fondzenyuy@uniroma1.it
EXERCISE SAFETY
PERFORMANCE FUNCTIONS
Mod. 3 Slide 2
EXERCISE (1)
• Consider the SPF for a road segment below:

N = AADT x L x 365x 10-6 x Exp-0.312

– N is the number of crashes per year


– AADT the average annual daily traffic volume and L the
segment length

• The equation above can be used to estimate the crashes for a


road with the following base sections:
Lane width >3.6m, Shoulder width= 1.8m, Grade level ≤ 3%

Mod. 3 Slide 3
EXERCISE (2)

• If the base sections changes, crashes in the new


sections/site can be estimate using CMF (crash
modification factors)
• CMF depends on the modification of factors which
could be the infrastructure or traffic conditions
• The number of crashes in the new site can be
calculated as below:
N = (CMF1XCMF2X….CMFn) x (AADT x L x 365x 10-6 xExp-0.312)
N = predicted number of crashes in new site or due to changes in
features

CMF1, CMF2….CMFn are crash modification factors due to changes in base


section
Mod. 3 Slide 4
EXERCISE (3)
Example of applying CMF:

Consider a specific road segment that currently lacks lighting


and records 500 crashes per year. The city is contemplating
the installation of lighting on this road segment, which has a
Crash Modification Factor (CMF) of 0.8. To estimate the
expected total number of crashes after installing the lighting,
we multiply the current crash count by the CMF: 500 x 0.8 =
400. Therefore, it is anticipated that the installation of lighting
will result in a reduction of crashes to 400 per year.

Mod. 3 Slide 5
Some CMF
CMF (AADT) Safety Treatments CMF
Lane width <400 400 to 2000 >2000
Provide Road
<2.7 1.05 1.05+2.81x10-4(AADT-400) 1.5
3 1.02 1.02+1.75x10-4(AADT-400) 1.3
Delineation Signing 0.65
3.3 1.01 1.01+2.5x10-5(AADT-400) 1.05 Install Edge Line 0.62 to
>3.6 1 1 1 Striping 0.56
Install Edge Line 0.90 to
CMF(AADT) Rumble Strips 0.78
Shoulder width <400 400 to 2000 >2000
Widen Shoulders 0.98
0 1.1 1.10 + 2.5 x 10-4 (AADT - 400) 1.5
0.6 1.07 1.07 + 1.43 x 10-4 (AADT - 400) 1.3 Remove or Shield
1.2 1.02 1.02 + 8.125 x 10-5 (AADT - 400) 1.15 Roadside Obstacles 0.62
1.8 1 1 1
>2.4 0.98 0.98 + 6.875 x 10-5 (AADT - 400) 0.87
Median width(m) CMF
CMF (Grade) 3 1.04
Moderate Terrain
6 1.02
level Grade (≤ 3%) (3%< grade ≤ 6%) Steep Terrain (> 6%)
1 1.1 1.16 9 1
12 0.99
15 0.97

Mod. 3 Slide 6
EXERCISE (4)

Problem 1: Safety evaluation of New Road Design


You are tasked with evaluating the safety of a new road design. The road is
being developed with a lane width of 3.7 meters, a shoulder width of 1.2
meters, and a median width of 3 meters. The posted speed limit will be
110km/h. The expected traffic volume is projected to be 10,000 vehicles
per day. Using crash modification factors and safety performance functions
specific to similar road designs, estimate the expected number of crashes
that can be anticipated on this new road.

Problem 2: Improving Safety on New Road


Discuss any potential interventions or design modifications that could be
implemented to improve safety, and estimate the potential benefits in terms
of crash reduction

Mod. 3 Slide 7
EXERCISE (5)

Problem 3: Safety evaluation of Existing Road following


changes

An existing road segment has the following characteristics: Lane width 3.6
meters, a shoulder width of 0.6 meter, a median width of 2 meters, a speed
limit of 60 km/h, and a traffic volume of 1500 vehicles per day (AADT). The
city plans to improve safety by increasing the shoulder width to 1.8 meters,
removing or shielding roadside obstacles, and reducing the speed limit by
10 km/h. These improvements is expected to result in a decrease in traffic
volume by 500 vehicles per day (AADT) as drivers will start using an
alternative road. Considering all other factors remain unchanged estimate
the number of crashes saved as a result of these safety improvements

Mod. 3 Slide 8

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