Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

7 Zest for Progress

Z Peal of artnership

Science Grade 7
Quarter 4 - Module 6
SEASONS

Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________
Name of School: ___________________________
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MODULE 3 Seasons

What I Need to Know

The Earth moves mainly in two ways: it spins on its axis
and goes around the Sun, and as the Earth spins around the Sun,
the Moon also revolves around the Earth. Can you imagine all these
“motions” happening at the same time? It is a fantastic thing that we do
not feel that the Earth is moving. In reality, the planet is speeding around
the Sun at 30 kilometers each second.
In this module, you are going to learn about the relationship of the
seasons and the position of the Sun in the sky related to the latitude of
an area to the amount of energy the area receives and the tilt of the
Earth and the seasons (S7ES-IVh-9). The scope of this module permits it
to be used in many different learning situations.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. E x p l a i n how the latitude of an area affects the amount of energy
it receives.
2. Relate how the tilt of the Earth causes the change in seasons.

What’s In
Activity 1: Happy or Sad
A. Instruction: Draw a happy face if you agree with the statement
and a sad face if you do not.

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Activity 2: See the Difference?
B. Instruction: Complete the Venn diagram to compare and contrast the
observable phenomenon exhibited in the Equator and North/South Poles.
Use the following observable phenomenon specified in the box below.

Cooler Exhibits 2 season Receives solar energy Warmer

Exhibits 4 seasons

EQUATOR N/S POLES

What’s New
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Activity 3: Light it up!

Materials Needed:
Mobile phone flashlight/flashlight
Clay or any indigenous materials
(paper)
Pen
Procedure:
1. Mold the clay or your paper into a ball around the middle of the pen.,
draw an equator around the ball. (see the picture above for your
reference.)

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 2. Turn on the Flashlight. Hold the pen with the end cap pointing to the
right at about 30ºangle from the vertical.
3. The mobile phone flashlight represents the Sun; focus the light on the
right side of the ball of clay

Guide Questions:
1. How does the sunlight strike the tilted Earth?
_______________________________________________________________________
2. Which hemisphere receives more energy?
_______________________________________________________________________
3. How could this leaning affect the energy from the sun on particular places?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________.

Activity 4: On Point!

Materials Needed:
▪ paper 15
▪ pen
Procedure:
1. Study the given figure

Guide Questions:
1.Which part of the Earth receives the most solar energy?
_____________________________________________________________
2. Which part of the earth receives the least solar energy?
_____________________________________________________________
3. How does latitude relate with the solar energy received?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

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 What is it
The Earth's shape is described as an oblate spheroid;
because of its spherical shape, solar energy is uneven. The
Earth revolves in its orbit in a counterclockwise manner. As the Earth rotates
around the Sun, the Sun's rays seem to sweep from a northerly direction to
southward and back within the year, causing the alternate change in the
slanting and vertical ray’s position of the Sun.

Various parts of Earth's surface receive different amounts of sunlight.

The Sun's rays strike Earth's surface mostly direct at the equator. This
focuses the rays on a small area. Since the rays hit more directly, the area is
heated more. Take a closer look at the figure below. Observe that the Earth
is tilted on its axis; because of these, the Sun's rays strike the surface at an
incline or slant direction at the poles; they are less focused. This made the
rays to spread over a wide area. Because the Sun's rays hit/strike at a slant,
the area is heated less. The less focused the rays are, the less energy an area
receives, and the cooler it is; the more focused the rays are, the more energy
an area receives and the warmer it is.

Figure 1. Solar energy and Latitude

Source: https://rb.gy/t3n0tp
The tilt of the Earth causes various areas to receive various measures of
energy from the Sun. The difference in solar energy received at different
latitudes drives atmospheric circulation. Those places that get lesser solar
energy have less heat. Those Places that get more solar energy have more heat
received. The air above the areas that receives more heat rises and warms up.
The air over the areas that receives less heat is cooler, and so it sinks. The
rising warm air and sinking cool air create wind, which moves air and heat
around the planet.

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1. Study Figure 2 carefully. It shows the Earth at various areas along its circle
around the Sun. Note that the hub of Earth isn’t opposite to its plane of circle;
it is shifted. The letter “N” alludes toward the North Pole, while “S” alludes
toward the South Pole.

Figure 2. Earth’s location at different times of the year. Take note that the
axis of Earth is not vertical; it is tilted or shifted.
Source: Grade 7 Science Learner’s manual

Q1. In which month is the North Pole shifted toward the Sun– in December or
June? _____________________________

Q2. In which month is the North Pole tilted or shifted away from the Sun– in
December or June? _____________________________

Figure 3. Where do direct rays from the Sun fall in June?

Source: Grade 7 Science Learner’s manual

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2. Study and look at Figure 3 carefully. It shows how the Earth is oriented with
respect to the Sun during the month of June.

Q3. In June, which hemisphere receives straight/direct rays from the Sun–
the Northern Hemisphere or Southern Hemisphere?
___________________________

3. Study and look at Figure 4 carefully. It shows how the Earth is oriented
with respect to the Sun during the month of December

Figure 4. Where do direct rays from the Sun fall in December?

Source: Grade 7 Science Learner’s manual

Q4. In December, which hemisphere receives direct rays from the Sun- the
Southern Hemisphere or Northern Hemisphere? ____________________________

Look at Figure 2 again. Take note that the axis of the Earth is not vertical to
the plane of its orbit; it is tilted from the perpendicular by 23.5 degrees. What
is the effect of this tilt or shift?
In June, the North Pole is shifted or tilted toward the Sun. Naturally, the
Northern Hemisphere will also be tilted toward the Sun. Direct rays from the
Sun will be received by the Northern Hemisphere. (Figure. 2). When the Sun’s
rays hit the ground straight/directly, the place will become hotter/warmer
than when the rays are slanted/oblique. This is why it is summer in the

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Northern Hemisphere at this time. But the Earth is not stationary or still. The
Earth rotates around the Sun. What happens when the Earth has moved to
the other side of the Sun? After six months, in December, the North Pole will
be pointing away from the Sun (Figure 3). The Northern Hemisphere will no
longer receive straight/ direct rays from the Sun. The Northern Hemisphere
will then experience coldness. For temperate countries in the Northern
Hemisphere, it will be winter. In the tropical Philippines, it is simply the cold
season.

Which part of the Earth receives the direct rays of the Sun in December?
As you can see in Figure 4, the South Pole is tilted toward the Sun. This time
the Sun’s direct/straight rays will fall on the Southern Hemisphere, and it will
be summer in the Southern Hemisphere. That’s why, when it is cold in the
Northern Hemisphere, it is warm in the Southern Hemisphere, vice versa.
After another six months, in June of the following year, the Earth will have
made one full rotation around the Sun. The Sun’s straight/direct beams will
fall on the Northern Side of the equator again. It will be warm on the Northern
Side of the equator and cold in the Southern Half of the globe once more.
Consequently, the seasons change due to the fact that the straight/direct rays
of the Sun move from one half of the globe to the next as the Earth goes around
the Sun.

The four seasons are the following summer, spring, winter, and fall. Each
season has its own temperature, light, and weather patterns that repeat
annually.

Figure 5. The Seasons

Source: https://rb.gy/eru6dh

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 Figure 6. The Tropics
Source: https://rb.gy/j6ziid

In the Southern Hemisphere, the seasons opposite of those in the

Northern Hemisphere. The winter solstice in the Southern Hemisphere is June
20 or 21, while the summer solstice, the longest day of the year, is December
21 or 22.

Seasons in Temperate Regions

In summer, the Northern Hemisphere takes in more energy than it gives off.
That is one reason why it is warmer in this region. When the Northern
Hemisphere experiences winter, it gives off more energy than it takes in. That
is one reason why these regions are cooler.

Spring is the season between summer and winter; during this season, the
temperature gradually increases. When it is spring in the Northern
Hemisphere, it will be autumn in the Southern Hemisphere and vice versa. At
the spring equinox, days are approximately 12 hours long, with day length
increasing as the season progresses.

Winter is considered the coldest season of the year; it is between spring and
autumn. In many regions, winter is experienced with freezing temperatures
and snow. At the point when it is winter in the Northern Half of the globe, it
is summer on the Southern Side of the equator. Winter usually begins on
December 21 or 22 (In the Northern Hemisphere). This is the winter solstice,
where it is the day of the year having the shortest period of daylight. Summer
begins on June 20 or 21, the summer solstice, which has the most daylight

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of any day in the year. Spring and fall, or autumn, begin on equinoxes,
wherein days that have equal amounts of daylight and darkness. The vernal,
or spring, the equinox falls on March 20 or 21, and the autumnal equinox is
on September 22 or 23.

Summer is the hottest season, falling between spring and autumn. There are
long days and shortest nights (at the summer solstice). At the point when it is
summer in the Northern Side of the equator, it is winter in the Southern Half
of the globe and vice versa.

Autumn (fall) marks the transition from summer to winter, In March

(Southern Hemisphere) or in September (Northern Hemisphere). One of its
primary highlights is the shedding of leaves from deciduous trees. At this
time, the arrival of the night is earlier than the usual while the arrival of the
day is late. During this season, the temperature cools down noticeably.

Seasons in Tropical Region

There are two major seasons in tropical countries. In the Philippines,
the rainy season starts from June to November, and the dry season, from
December to May. The Dry season may be classified into cool-dry season from
December to February; and hot-dry season from March to May.

What’s More
5
Activity 5: You Complete Me

Directions: Supply the missing letter to create the word based on the
statement below.
1. Run in an east-west direction across Earth

2. The angle of inclination of the Earth is equal to 23. 5

degrees and which makes it somewhat
slanting.
3. The movement of the Earth around the Sun
takes 365.25 days to complete.
4. a division of the year based on changes in weather,
ecology, and the number of daylight hours in a region

5. A hot ball of gases that are found at the heart of our solar system

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 What I Have Learned 10
Activity 6: Let’s see what you have learned. Choose
Wisely!
Directions: Underline the appropriate word in the statement.
1. If the hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun, it will receive (direct, indirect)
rays of the Sun and will experience (summer, Winter) season.
2. If the hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun, it will receive (direct,
indirect) rays of the Sun and will experience (summer, Winter) season.
3. The more focused the rays are, the (more, less) energy an area receives
and the (warmer, cooler) it is.
4. The higher the latitude, the (more, less) energy an area receives and the
(warmer, cooler) it is.
5. The lower latitudes get the (most, least) energy from the Sun. The highest
latitudes get the (most, least)

What I Can Do 7
Activity 7: You can do more!
Directions: The diagram below shows the Earth’s inclination in the

month of June. Use the diagram in answering the questions.

Source: Fourth Quarter: Earth and Space, Region 5 Deped, page 237.

1. Which part of the earth receives direct rays from the sun? ________________
2. Why does it receive direct rays from the sun? ____________________________
3. What part of the earth receives oblique rays from the sun? _______________
4. Why does it receive slanting rays from the sun? __________________________
5. During this time of the year, what is the season in the
a. Northern hemisphere? ___________________________________________________
b. Southern hemisphere? ___________________________________________________
6. Does Earth’s tilt affect the season experienced? __________________

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 Assessment
Directions. Encircle the letter of the best answer. 15

Use this diagram to answer items 1-4

Source: Grade 7 Science Learner’s manual

1. Which part of the Earth receives direct rays from the Sun?
a. northern hemisphere b. Southern hemisphere
c. eastern hemisphere d. western hemisphere
2. Why does it receive direct rays from the Sun?
a. It is tilted towards the sun
b. It is shifted or tilted away from the sun
c. It is not tilted towards the sun
d. none of the above
3. What part of the Earth receives oblique rays from the Sun?
a. northern hemisphere b. Southern hemisphere
c. eastern hemisphere d. western hemisphere
4. Why does it receive slanting rays from the Sun?
a. It is tilted towards the sun
b. It is shifted or tilted away from the sun
c. It is not tilted away from the sun
d. none of the above
5. What will be the season in the southern hemisphere in the month of June?
a. Summer b. Winter c. Spring d. Autumn
6. What will be the season in the northern hemisphere in the month of June?
a. Summer b. Winter c. Spring d. Autumn

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 Use this diagram to answer items 7-10
Source: Grade 7 Science Learner’s manual

7. Which part of the Earth receives vertical rays from the Sun?
a. northern hemisphere b. Southern hemisphere
c. eastern hemisphere d. western hemisphere
8. Which part of the Earth receives oblique rays from the Sun?
a. northern hemisphere b. Southern hemisphere
c. eastern hemisphere d. western hemisphere
9. What will be the season in the southern hemisphere in the month of
December?
a. Summer b. Winter c. Spring d. Autumn
10. What will be the season in the northern hemisphere in the month of
December?
a. Summer b. Winter c. Spring d. Autumn
11. When the Earth rotates around the Sun, one side of the Earth faces the
Sun, and the other side does not. How does this cause change in the
season?
a. When it faces or leans towards the Sun, the hemisphere experiences
summer. When the hemisphere is not facing the Sun, it experiences
winter.
b. When it faces or leans towards the Sun, the hemisphere experiences
winter. When the hemisphere is not facing the Sun, it experiences
summer.
c. When it faces or leans towards the Sun, the hemisphere experiences
spring. When the hemisphere is not facing the Sun, it experiences
autumn.
d. None of the above
12. What is Latitude?
a. lines running up and down

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 b. lines running parallel
c. measured by imaginary lines that run or go around the
Earth vertically.
d. the measurement of the east and west prime meridian.

Use this diagram to answer items 13 -15

Source: Grade 7 Science Learner’s manual
13. In which month is the northern hemisphere facing the Sun?
a. June b. December c. March d. September
14. In the month of June, which side of the Earth faces the Sun?
a. northern hemisphere b. Southern hemisphere
c. eastern hemisphere d. western hemisphere
15. Based on question number 14, what will be the season in the northern
hemisphere at this time?
a. Summer b. Winter c. Spring d. Autumn

Additional Activities
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Activity 8: Let’s add more!
Matching Type: Match column A on column B, write only the
letter of answer on the blank provided at the right side of
column A.
Column A Column B
_________1. The act of revolving, or turning a. tilt
round on an axis or a center b. revolution
_________2. half of the celestial sphere as c. season
divided into two halves by the horizon d. equator
_________3. a division of the year based on e. hemisphere
changes in weather, ecology, and the number
of daylight hours in a given region.
________4. The angle of inclination of the Earth is equal to 23. 5 degrees and
which makes it somewhat slanting.
________5. It is an imaginary line around the center of a planet

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 15
What’s In What’s New
Activity 1 Activity 3
1. Sun rays strike perpendicularly
1. 😊 2. Southern hemisphere
2. ☹ 3. Sun’s rays strike the surface at
3. ☹ a slant near the poles, thus
spread the rays over a wide area
4. ☹
and therefore get the less solar
energy.
Activity 2
Equator Poles
Activity 4
Warmer Cooler
1. Equator
2 seasons 4 seasons
2. Poles
3. The lowest latitude get the most
Both: Received Solar energy
energy from the Sun and the
highest latitude
gets the least energy from the
Sun.
What’s I Can Do
What’s More What’s I Have Learned Activity 7
Activity 5 Activity 6 1. northern hemisphere
2. tilted toward the Sun
1. LATITUDE 1. direct, summer 3. southern hemisphere
2. TILT 2. indirect, winter 4. tilted away from the Sun
3. REVOLUTION 3. more, warmer 5. a. summer
4. SEASON 4. less, cooler b. winter
5. SUN 5. most, least 6. yes
Assessment
Set A. Set B. Additional Activities
1. a 6. b 1. a 6. b 1. b
2. b 7. b 2. b 7. b 2. e
3. b 8. a 3. a 8. b 3. c
4. b 9. b 4. a 9. a 4. a
5. a 10. a 5. a 10. b 5. d
Answer key – Gr7Q4W4-5 Science
References

Books:
Science Learner’s Manual, Page 255-259
Science Teacher’s Guide, Page 211-213

Development Team Region IX Hymn

OUR EDEN LAND
Writer: MARIA CRISANIE PEARL Q. DELA RAMA

Editors/QA: KATHLEEN P. LOMOLJO Here the trees and Golden beams of

flowers bloom, sunrise and sunset,
Editor/QA: MATTHEW T. SABASALES Here the breezes Are visions you’ll never
gently blow, forget.
Reviewer: MILA P. ARAO Here the birds sing Oh! That’s Region IX...
merrily,
Management Team: And liberty forever Hardworking people
Danny B. Cordova, CESO VI stays, abound,
SDS-ZDS Every valley and dale
Ma. Colleen L. Amoricha, EdD, CESE Here the Badjaos Zamboangenos, swam
ASDS the seas, Tagalogs, Bicolanos, Here
the Samals live in Cebuanos, Ilocanos, peace,
Mat Ranillo O. Singson, Ed.D Subanens, Boholanos, Here the Tausogs
ASDs Illongos,
thrive so free, All of them are proud
Ma. Diosa Z. Peralta, Ed.D With the Yakans in and true
CID Chief unity. Region IX our Eden
Land.
Gallant men
Ma. Madelene P. Mituda, Ed.D And Ladies fair,
EPS-LRMDS Linger with love and Region IX, our Eden
care, Land.
Mila P. Arao
EPS -Science

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