PLUMBING 3.

Plumbing shall be designed and adjusted to use

the minimum quantity of water consistent with
-the art and technique of installing pipes, fixtures, and
proper performance and cleaning.
other apparatuses in buildings for bringing in the supply
4. Devices for heating and storing water shall be so
of liquids, substances and/or ingredients and removing
designed and installed as to prevent dangers
them; and such water, liquid and other carried wastes
from explosion through overheating
hazardous to health, sanitation, life and property; also
5. Every building abutting on a street, alley or
the pipes and fixtures after installation i.e., the
easement with a public sewer shall connect its
‘plumbing system’
plumbing fixtures to the sewer system.
HISTORY 6. Each family dwelling unit shall have at least one
water closet, one kitchen type sink, a lavatory
-In 1902, the Plumbing Trade was duly recognized by the and a bathtub or shower to meet the basic
government in the City of Manila. Master Plumber John requirements of sanitation and personal hygiene
F. Haas became the first Chief of the Division of 7. Plumbing fixtures shall be made of smooth non-
Plumbing Construction and Inspection. A Plumbing Code absorbent material, free from concealed fouling
based on the Plumbing Code of the United States was surfaces and shall be located in ventilated
incorporated into the Building Code for the City of enclosures.
Manila. 8. The drainage system shall be designed,
-In 1935, the National Master Plumbers Association of constructed and maintained to safeguard against
the Philippines (NAMPAP) was formally organized fouling, deposit of solids, clogging and with
adequate cleanouts so arranged that the pipes
-Manila City Ordinance 2411, the “Plumbing Code for the may be readily cleaned
City of Manila” was enacted and placed under the 9. Piping shall be of durable NAMPAP-APPROVED
Department of Public Services, Manila. materials, free from defective workmanship,
-In 1954, the Third Congress approved House Bill No. 962 designed and constructed by Registered Master
which in June 18, 1955, became R.A. 1378 “Plumbing Law Plumbers
of the Philippines” upon ratification of President Ramon 10. Each fixture directly connected to the drainage
Magsaysay system shall be equipped with a water-sealed
trap.
-On January 28, 1959, the National Plumbing Code of the 11. Drainage pipes piping system shall be designed
Philippines prepared by NAMPAP was promulgated and to provide adequate circulation of air free from
approved by Malacañang. siphonage, aspiration or forcing of trap seals
12. Vent terminals shall extend to the outer air and
-Before Martial Law in 1972, Republic Act No. 6541
installed to prevent clogging and the return of
otherwise known as the “Building Code of the
foul air to the building.
Philippines” was passed with the “National Plumbing
13. Plumbing systems shall be subjected to such tests
Code of 1959” as referral code in full text.
to effectively disclose all leaks and defects in the
-The Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) adopted workmanship.
the Revised Plumbing Code of 1999 which President 14. Substance which will clog the pipes, produce
Joseph Estrada approved December 21, 1999 pursuant to explosive mixtures, destroy the pipes or their
Section 4 of R.A. 1378 known as the Plumbing Law. joints or interfere unduly with the sewage-
disposal process shall not be allowed to enter the
building drainage system.
22 PRINCIPLES OF PLUMBING CODE 15. Proper protection shall be provided to prevent
contamination of food, water, sterile goods and
1. Premises intended for human use or habitation similar materials by backflow of sewage
shall be provided with a supply of pure and 16. No water closet shall be located in a room or
wholesome water compartment which is not properly lighted and
2. Plumbing fixtures, devices and appurtenances ventilated.
shall be supplied with water in sufficient volume 17. If there is no sewer system in the area, suitable
and pressure provision shall be made for the disposal of
building sewage by some accepted method of
 sewage treatment and disposal, such as a septic
 Locate & distribute valves in such a manner that
tank.
they can isolate a certain section of the network
in case of system breakdown
18. plumbing drainage system may be subject to
 Locate valves where they are not too visible
backflow of sewage, suitable provision shall be
made to prevent its overflow in the building
GLOBE VALVE - Controls the flow of water with a
movable spindle, Can reduce water pressure
19. Plumbing systems shall be maintained in
(throttling) Only one side of the valve is an inlet
serviceable condition by Registered Master
3 TYPES:
Plumbers.
- The Plug Type Disc Valve -for throttling
- The Conventional Disc Valve (Ball Type) -for
20. All plumbing fixtures shall be installed properly
shutting
spaced, to be accessible for their intended use.
- The Composition Disc Valve -for steam and
hot water
21. Plumbing shall be installed with due regard to the
preservation of the strength of structural CHECK VALVE - to prevent reversal of flow
members and the prevention of damage to walls (backflow) in the line
and other surfaces through fixture usage.
4 TYPES:
22. Sewage or other waste from plumbing system -The Swing Check Valve
which may be deleterious to surface or sub-
surface waters shall not be discharged into the -The Lift Check Valve
ground or into any waterway, unless first - Vertical Check Valve
rendered innocuous through subjection to some
acceptable form of treatment. - Horizontal Check Valve

ANGLE VALVE -Used to make a 90° turn in a line Reduces

WATER TANKS AND CISTERNS number of joints

 GRAVITY SUPPLY TANKS FOOT VALVE -Located at the lower end of the pumps
- Used in Overhead Feed System Used mainly to prevent loss of priming of the pumps
MAIN COMPONENTS a.k.a. ‘Retention Valve’
-Supply Pipe
SAFETY VALVE- Used on water systems, heating systems,
-Inlet
compressed air lines & other pipe lines with excessive
-Overflow pipe
pressure
-Drip pan
-Gate valves

TYPES OF FAUCETS/BIBBS:
 PNEUMATIC WATER TANKS
- Used in the Air Pressure System  COMPRESSION COCK- compression of a soft
- Often used with a pump packing upon a metal sheet
- Also makes use of a pressure relief valve,  KEY COCK- round tapering plug ground to fit a
which relieves pressure automatically if metal sheet. ‘Hose bibb”- has grooves fit for a
necessary hose
 BALL FAUCET- Constructed with a ball connected
CONTROLS AND VALVES
to the handle
FUNCTION OF VALVES
DEFECTS IN WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM:
 Control of the water system
 WATER HAMMER- a knocking in the pipes caused
- Start or shut down a system
when faucets in the lower levels are shut off
- Regulate pressure
abruptly or automatically
- Check backflow - Control the direction of
 BACK SIPHONAGE-flowing back of used,
water
contaminated or polluted water from a plumbing
RULES REGARDING LOCATION OF VALVES : fixture
 strong enough - Compressed air is used to raise
BACKFLOW- the flow of water or other and push water into the system
liquids, ,mixtures, or substances into the ADVANTAGES:
distributing pipes of a potable supply of water to -compact pumping unit.
a tank, plumbing fixture, or other device and the -Sanitary due to air tight water chamber.
flood level rim of the receptacle. -economical, less initial construction &
 EXPANSION/CONTRACTION- Pipes expand and maintenance cost
contract due to continuous changes in DISADVANTAGES:
temperature -Water supply is affected by loss of pressure
 FRICTION HEAD LOSS- when liquid flowing inside the tank in case of power interruption
through the pipe makes contact with the pipe
enclosures, thus reducing the speed of water  DOWNFEED(OVERHEADFEED)/GRAVITY SYSTEM-
flow Water is pumped into a large tank on top of the
building and is distributed to the fixtures by
CLASSIFICATION OF PUBLIC WATER DISTRIBUTION:
means of gravity
 DIRECT PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION- Water is ADVANTAGES:
obtained through a large intake installed on the -Water is not affected by peak load hour
lake basin & extended into deep water - Not affected by power interruptions.
COMPONENTS: - Time needed to replace broken parts does not
-water basin , receiving well , filtration plant affect water supply
DISADVANTAGES:
 INDIRECT PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION- Water is -Water is subject to contamination.
taken form a drilled well or underground water, -High maintenance cost.
Involves individual special mechanical equipment -Occupies valuable space.
- Requires stronger foundation and other
PARTS OF CWDS structure to carry additional load of tank and
 SERVICE PIPE- pipe from the street water main water
 WATER METER- device used to measure in liters HOT WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
or gallons the amount of water
 HORIZONTAL SUPPLY MAIN- pipe running from TYPES OF HWDS
the water meter from which the various branches
 UPFEED AND GRAVITY RETURN SYSTEM
and risers to the fixtures are taken.
-With a continuing network of pipes to provide
 RISER- a water supply pipe extending vertically
constant circulation of water
 FIXTURE BRANCH- pipe between the fixture
-Hot water rises on its own & does not need any
supply pipe and the water-distributing pipe
pump for circulation
 CONTROLS AND VALVES - used for control,
-Larger pipe is installed at the top of the riser &
isolation and repair of the water distribution
the diminishing sizes passes through the lower
system
floors of the building
 STORAGE TANKS

TYPES OF CWDS  DOWNFEED AND GRAVITY RETURN SYSTEM

-Hot water rises on to the highest point of the
 UPFEED SYSTEM- plumbing system and travels to the fixtures via
-DIRECT UPFEED- Water is provided by the city gravity
water companies using normal pressure from -Water distribution is dependent on the
public water main expansion of hot water & gravity.
ADVANTAGES: -Larger pipe is installed at the bottom of the riser
- Eliminates extra cost of pumps & tanks. & the diminishing sizes passes through the upper
DISADVANTAGES: floors of the building.
- inadequate to supply tall buildings. affected
during peak load hour.  PUMP CIRCUIT SYSTEM
- For a more efficient circulation of hot water
- AIR PRESSURE SYSTEM(PNEUMATIC)- When to the upper floor levels of multi-storey
pressure supplied by city water supply is not buildings
 TRAPS AND INTERCEPTORS
SANITARY PIPING LAYOUT
TYPES OF PERMISSIBLE TRAPS:
GENERAL RULES IN DESIGNING THE SANITARY SYSTEM:  COMMON P TRAP - Used for lavatories, kitchen
sinks, laundry tubs, & urinals
-pipes should take the shortest possible route to the  DEEP SEAL P-TRAP -about twice the size of The
house sewer or the terminating point of the Sanitary common P-trap
system  STAND TRAP- Used for fixtures such as slop sinks
-Control components such as clean-outs, traps, and that are usually built low in the ground-Serves as
vents, should be located strategically so as to ensure a water seal & structural support for the fixture
efficient circulation  RUNNING TRAP- Used within the line of the
house drain
SUBSYSTEMS OF THE SANITARY SYSTEM:
TYPES OF PERMISSIBLE TRAPS:
 WASTE COLLECTION SYSTEM
 VENTILATION SYSTEM DRUM TRAP

ESSENTIAL PARTS OF THE SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM -Has a large diameter (around 0.16 m)

 WASTE PIPE- conveys only wastewater or liquid -Used for fixtures that discharge large amount of water
waste free of fecal matter. (bathtubs, shower or floor drains)
 VENT PIPE- for ensuring the circulation of air in a TYPES OF PROHIBITED TRAPS:
plumbing system and for relieving the negative
pressure exerted on trap seals.  TRAPS WITH MOVABLE PARTS OR CONCEALED
 TRAP- a liquid seal which prevents the backflow INTERIOR PARTITIONS
of foul air or methane gas  NO FIXTURES SHALL BE DOUBLE-TRAPPED
 STACK- vertical main of a system of soil, waste or  S-TRAP
vent pipings extending through one or more
-Predecessor of P-traps. Used before traps had to
stories and extended thru the roof.
connect to a ventilation line
 BRANCH- any part of the piping system other
than a main, riser or stack Requirements:
 HOUSE/BUILDING DRAIN- part of the lowest
Traps REQUIRED:
horizontal piping of a plumbing system which
receives the discharges from the soil, waste and -Each plumbing fixture, except those with integral traps,
other drainage pipes inside of a building and shall be separately trapped with an approved-type
conveys it to the house sewer outside of the waterseal trap.
building
 HOUSE/BUILDING SEWER- extends from the -Only one trap shall be permitted on a trap arm
house drain at a point 0.60 meters from the -One trap, centrally located, may serve three single
outside face of the foundation wall compartment sinks or laundry tubs or lavatories, adjacent
PRINCIPLES OF WASTE OF SOIL to each other and in the same room, where their waste
outlets are not more than 0.75 m apart
CHANGES IN DIRECTION OF SANITARY DRAINAGE LINES
SIZE OF TRAPS:
 HORIZONTAL TO HORIZONTAL CHANGE IN
DIRECTION- use 45° wye branches, combination -trap shall be the same size as the trap arm to which it is
wye – 1/8 bend branches, or other approved connected.
fittings of equivalent sweep -Each fixture trap shall have a trap seal of water of not
 VERTICAL TO HORIZONTAL CHANGE IN less than 51 mm and not more than 102 mm
DIRECTION- 45° wye branches or other approved
fittings of equivalent sweep INSTALLATION OF CLEAN-OUTS:
 HORIZONTAL TO VERTICAL CHANGE IN -opens with the direction of flow or at right angles to the
DIRECTION- use 45° or 60° wye branches, direction of flow
combination wye -1/8 bend branches, sanitary
tee or sanitary tapped tee branches, or other -Each 90° clean-out extension shall be constructed from a
approved fittings of equivalent sweeps wye fitting or an approved fitting of equivalent sweep.
 than the highest spill level of fixtures for
-Each clean-out 51 mm or less shall have a front
preventing pressure changes in the stacks.
clearance of not less than 305 mm; those 51 mm or more
 CIRCUIT VENT (‘Loop Vent’)
shall have a front clearance of 450 mm.
- a group vent pipe which starts in front of the
-n underfloor piping shall be extended to or above finish extreme (highest) fixture connection on a
floor or shall be extended outside the building when horizontal branch and connects to the vent
there is less than 450 mm vertical clearance or 750 stack
horizontal clearance to the means of access. - battery of fixtures
 LOOPE4D VENT
-No underfloor clean-out for residential occupancies shall - vertical vent connection on a horizontal soil
be located more than 6.1 m from an access door, trap or waste pipe branch at a point downstream
door or crawl hole. of the last fixture connection and turning to a
horizontal line above the highest overflow
level of the highest fixture connected there
VENTILATION-Portion of the drainage pipe installation  WET VENT
intended to maintain a balanced atmospheric pressure - That portion of a vent pipe through which
inside the system wastewater also flows through.
VENT PIPE- pipe or opening used for ensuring the  LOCAL VENT
circulation of air in a plumbing system and for relieving - a pipe or shaft to convey foul air from a
the negative pressure exerted on trap seals. plumbing fixture or a room to the outer air
 DRY VENT
MAIN TYPES - a vent that does not carry liquid or water-
borne wastes.
 MAIN SOIL & WASTE VENT
 STACK VENT
-backbone’ of the entire sanitary system
- extension of a soil or waste stack above the
-Connected to the Main Soil & Waste Stack
highest horizontal drain connected to the
-portion where waste does not travel through
stack
-Continues to the roof; the portion penetrating
 VENT STACK
the roof is called the Vent Stack Through Roof
- vertical vent pipe installed primarily for
providing circulation of air to and from any
 MAIN VENT (‘Collecting Vent Line’)
part of the soil, waste of the drainage system.
- the principal artery of the venting system to
The uppermost end above the roof has
which vent branches are connected.
traditionally been referred to as Vent Stack
- serves as support to the Main Soil & Waste
Through Roof
Vent
 INDIVIDUAL VENT OR BACK VENT REQUIREMENTS:
- pipe installed to vent a fixture trap, that
connects with the vent system above the -Each trap shall be protected against siphonage and
fixture served or terminates in the open air backpressure through venting.
 UNIT, COMMON, OR DUAL VENT VENTS NOT REQUIRED
- arrangement of venting so installed that one
vent pipe serve two (2) traps. -on a primary settling tank interceptor which discharges
 RELIEF VENT through a horizontal indirect waste pipe into a secondary
- vertical vent line that provides additional interceptor. The secondary interceptor shall be properly
circulation of air between the drainage and trapped and vented.
vent systems or to act as an auxiliary vent on - Traps serving sinks in an island bar counter. Such sink
a specially designed system such as a “yoke shall discharge by means of an approved indirect waste
vent” connection between the soil and vent pipe into a floor sink or other approved type receptor.
stacks.
 YOKE OR BY-PASS VENT
- a pipe connecting upward from a soil or
waste stack below the floor and below
horizontal connection to an adjacent vent
stack at a point above the floor and higher