A Project Report on,

CASE STUDY : SMART BRIDGE

Group Members :-
D-41 Shubham Wadikar
D-42 Sakshi Wagh
D-43 Atharva Wakchaure
D-44 Khandesh Warkute
D-45 Niranjan Yadav
D-46 Rajiv Yadav
D-47 Samiksha Yadav
D-48 Sneha Yamgar

FE ( D )
Under Guidance of
Dr. S.S. KHONDHE

SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF

ENGINEERING SCIENCE
K J College of Engineeing and Management Research,
Near Khadimachine Chowk,
Kondhwa Annexe, Pune – 411048

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 KJ’s Educational Institute
K J COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND
MANAGEMENT RESEARCH
Department -: Engineering Science

This is to certify that,

The Group Shubham Wadikar, Sakshi Wagh, Atharva Wakchaure, Khandesh Warkute,
Niranjan Yadav, Rajiv Yadav, Samiksha Yadav, Sneha Yamgar have successfully
completed their Report on project work, titled Case Study- SMART BRIDGE Department of
Engineering Science, K J College of Engineering and Management Research, Pune for the
partial completion of the Project Based Learning subject, Savitribai Phule Pune University, in
semester-4, Academic Year 2022-2023.

Sr. No Name of Student Examination Seat No.

1. Shubham Wadikar F190720304
2. Sakshi Wagh F190720306
3. Atharva Wakchaure F190720309
4. Khandesh Warkute F190720310
5. Niranjan Yadav F190720312
6. Rajiv Yadav F190720313
7. Samiksha Yadav F190720314
8. Sneha Yamgar F190720315

Dr. S.S. Khonde

GUIDE
HOD Of Electrical Department

Dr. Suhas S. Khot

Principal
K J College of Engineering and Management Research, Pune

Place: - Pune.
Date: -

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This is our first experience of project report and it has been

successful, thanks to the faculty members and colleagues with
gratitude. I wish to acknowledge all of them; however, I wish to make
special mention of the following.

First of all, We are thankful to our project guide Dr. S. S. Khonde

under whose guideline we were able to complete our report. We will
forever remain indebted for his valuable help and encouragement. We
wholeheartedly thank them for giving me their valuable time and
attention and providing us a systematic way for completing my
presentation in time.

We would like to thank FE Coordinator, Dr. Prajakta Deshmukh

for providing facilities for the completion of our report. We would
like to thank my friends for listening to the ideas, asking questions
and providing suggestions for improving ideas and also for their help.

We would fail in our duty if we won’t acknowledge a great sense of

gratitude to the Principal Dr. Suhas S Khot and the entire staff
members in Department of Engineering Science for their co-
operation.

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 ABSTRACT

A Bridge is an elevated enclosed platform, carrying a road, path,

railway, etc across a river, road, or other obstacles. Floods lead to a vast
loss of life and properties in many countries.
But in developing countries the lack of proper technology leads to
more loss of life and property due to floods. Bridges are important in
modern world. Bridges add beauty to the road.
Bridge failures are one the most infrastructure problems in the world.
It often leads to the catastrophic consequences, loss of life, loss of
commerce. Whenever there is a disaster there is a loss damage to the
public property.
The objective of this project is to monitor the flood situation lift the
bridge in case of danger in the form of buzzer sound. A smart bridge is
one that senses some significant condition of its environment or
behaviour and then automatically reacts to that condition.
The Smart Bridge works on the principle of the Ultrasonic sensors. The
functioning of the bridge depends upon the water level water level of
the sea

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TABLE OF CONTENT
 Certificate
 Acknowledgement
 Abstract
 Table of Content

Chapter Title Page

No. No.
1 Introduction vi-
vii
1.1 Problem Statement vii
2 Literature Review viii-
ix
3 Methodology and Working x
4 Discussion xviii
5 Conclusion xix
6 Future Scope xx
7 References xxi

TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter No. Title Page No

1 Block Diagram xi
2 Arduino Uno xii
3 Soil Moisture Sensor xiii
4 Arduino Cable xiv
5 Jumper wire xiv
6 Breadboard xv

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 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Bridges are essential infrastructure that connects different areas and
makes transportation more accessible. However, they can be
challenging to maintain, especially when water levels increase due to
heavy rainfall or floods. In such cases, bridges can become dangerous,
causing traffic to come to a halt or even collapse. To prevent this,
engineers have developed an automatic height-adjusting bridge that
can help maintain the safety of the bridge even during heavy rain or
floods.
A Smart Bridge is a technology enabled bridge which includes digital
elements that help keep it performing at its optimum level
This bridge is equipped with an Arduino, servo motor, moisture
sensor, and other components that help adjust its height based on the
water level. In this essay, we will discuss the automatic height-
adjusting bridge and how it works.
The Automatic Height-Adjusting Bridge: An automatic height-
adjusting bridge is designed to maintain a safe height during heavy
rain or floods. It is equipped with a servo motor, which is connected
to an Arduino board that controls its movements. The servo motor is
attached to a hydraulic system that raises or lowers the bridge's height
based on the water level. The Arduino board receives input from a
moisture sensor that detects the water level and sends signals to the
servo motor to adjust the bridge's height. The moisture sensor is
installed in the water channel, and it sends data to the Arduino board
through a wireless connection. The servo motor is connected to the
hydraulic system that raises or lowers the bridge's height.

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When the moisture sensor detects a rise in water level, it sends a
signal to the Arduino board, which then sends a signal to the servo
motor to raise the bridge's height.
This process continues until the water level decreases to a safe level.
Similarly, when the water level decreases, the moisture sensor sends a
signal to the Arduino board, which then sends a signal to the servo
motor to lower the bridge's height. This helps ensure the bridge is at a
safe height, preventing any accidents or damage during heavy rain or
floods.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

The main objectives of the system are to support the construction process,
record the structural behaviour of the bridge, and contribute to the intelligent
transportation system as well as to the bridge security.
The purpose of making the Smart Bridge is to prevent the crisis that occurs due
to floods in the rainy seasons.
The conventional bridges tends to get submerged in water during heavy floods
which creates havoc amongst people
Which is why we have designed---
‘SMART BRIDGE’

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 LITERATURE REVIEW

There are several research papers and articles available online that
discuss similar projects, which can serve as a good starting point for
literature review. Here are some of them:
1."Design and Implementation of Automatic Bridge Height
Adjustment System Based on Arduino" by Li et al. This paper
proposes a system that uses Arduino, a servo motor, and an ultrasonic
sensor to automatically adjust the height of a bridge based on the
water level.
2."An Automatic Bridge Height Adjustment System Based on IoT
Technology" by Wu et al. This paper presents a bridge height
adjustment system that uses an Arduino-based IoT platform and a
moisture sensor to detect the water level and adjust the bridge height
accordingly.
3."Development of an Automatic Water Level Controller Using
Arduino" by Hafiz et al. This paper describes the development of an
automatic water level controller using an Arduino board and a
moisture sensor to detect the water level.
4."Design and Implementation of a Servo Motor Control System
Based on Arduino" by Wang et al. This paper presents a servo motor
control system that uses an Arduino board to control the movement of
the servo motor.
5."Water Level Monitoring and Control System using Arduino and
GSM Module" by Azam et al. This paper proposes a water level
monitoring and control system that uses an Arduino board and a GSM

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module to send alerts to the user when the water level exceeds a
certain threshold.
6."Automatic Irrigation System using Arduino and Soil Moisture
Sensor" by Singh et al. This paper describes the development of an
automatic irrigation system that uses an Arduino board and a soil
moisture sensor to control the water supply to the plants.
Overall, these research papers can provide you with valuable
information on the design, implementation, and testing of automatic
height-adjusting bridges using Arduino, servo motor, moisture sensor,
and water level increase detection.

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 METHODOLOGY
Here are the basic steps to create this project:
1.Build the bridge: Construct the bridge using appropriate materials
and make sure it can move up and down based on the input from the
servo motor.
2.Install the servo motor: Install the servo motor on the bridge and
connect it to the Arduino.
3.Connect the moisture sensor: Connect the moisture sensor to the
Arduino and position it near the water to
detect changes in water level.
4.Write the code: Write a program for the Arduino that will read the
moisture sensor data and control the servo motor to adjust the height
of the bridge accordingly
5.Test the system: Test the system by increasing the water level and
making sure that the bridge adjusts its height automatically. The basic
idea is that the moisture sensor will detect when the water level
increases, and the Arduino will control the servo motor to adjust the
height of the bridge. As the water level decreases, the bridge will
move back down to its original position . Note that the specifics of the
project will depend on the size and design of the bridge, as well as the
type of servo motor and moisture sensor used. It is also important to
consider safety measures, such as waterproofing the components to
protect them from water damage.
The height of the bridge is adjusted automatically based on the water
level detected by the soil moisture sensor. This increased height is
maintained till the water level is decreased to the normal position.

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This would adjust the height of the bridge to ensure safe passage for
vehicles and pedestrians. This solution would provide a more efficient
and safer way to deal with changing water levels in bridges.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

POWER SUPPY

ARDUINO UNO
SOIL
MOISTURE
SENSOR

BRIDGE SERVO MOTOR

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 Figure No. 1

COMPONENTS USED
1. ARDUINO UNO:

Figure No. 2
The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the
Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller and developed by Arduino.cc
and initially released in 2010. The board is equipped with sets of digital
and analog input/output pins that may be interfaced to various
expansion boards and other circuits.

2. SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR

The soil moisture sensor is one kind of sensor used to gauge the
volumetric content of water within the soil. As the straight gravimetric
dimension of soil moisture needs eliminating, drying, as well as sample
weighting. These sensors measure the volumetric water content not
directly with the help of some other rules of soil like dielectric constant,

xii
electrical resistance, otherwise interaction with neutrons, and
replacement of the moisture content.

Figure No. 3

3. ARDUINO CABLES

An Arduino USB cable connects an Arduino board to a

computer through a USB connection. It powers the
Arduino and transfers data between it and the PC.
It is blue in colour. It is a USB A to USB B Cable for
Arduino UNO.

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 Figure No. 3
3. JUMPER WIRES

A jumper wire is an electrical wire, or group of them in a cable,

with a connector or pin at each end, which is normally used to
interconnect the components of a breadboard or other prototype
or test circuit, internally or with other equipment or components,
without soldering.

Figure No. 4

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4. BREADBOARD

A breadboard, solderless breadboard, or protoboard is a

construction base used to build semi-permanent prototypes of
electronic circuits. Unlike a perfboard or stripboard,
breadboards do not require soldering or destruction of tracks
and are hence reusable.

Figure No. 5

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 DIAGRAMATIC REPRESENTATION OF
WORKING

Hardware implementation of overall SMART

BRIDGE is in below figures:

A. Implementation of the setup Initially

From above two figures 7 and 8, the bridge structure is in normal

position. As discussed from above chapters the Soil moisture sensor
detects the water level and activates the servo motor. As shown in the
above figures the detected water level by the sensor is in its normal
level and the bridge is in its normal position.

xvi
 B. When Increased water level is detected by soil moisture sensor

In the above fig 9 the water level is detected by soil moisture sensor
i.e., the water level is beyond the normal level. As the water level is
increased beyond the normal level the servo motors are activated. So
the motors drive the bridge and adjust the height automatically
signaling through buzzer.

The increased height of the bridge is shown in the below fig 10. The
height of the bridge is adjusted automatically based on the water level
detected by the soil moisture sensor. This increased height is
maintained till the water level is decreased to the normal position.
This would adjust the height of the bridge to ensure safe passage for
vehicles and pedestrians. This solution would provide a more efficient
and safer way to deal with changing water levels in bridges.

xvii
 DISCUSSION

On 21st April 2023, we discussed the project topic with the

guide.
In order to decide the topic for the group project our guide
suggested that we take a look at the projects of previous years
so as to get an idea about the topic. For that we went to Pooja
Ma’am who gave us a list of topics of previous year projects.
We then ended up selecting our project- ‘SMART BRIDGE’
On 28th April 2023, we made our first power point
presentation on our project. The group contributed equally in
the making of this project.
On 12th May 2023, we discussed about the parts required and
the budget of our project.
On 18th May we presented our flex.
On 9th June we successfully completed the working model .

xviii
 CONCLUSION

To conclude all that we have discussed so far, An automatic

height-adjusting bridge could be built using Arduino, servo
motors, and moisture sensors to monitor water levels.
When the water level increases, the servo motors would adjust
the height of the bridge to ensure safe passage for vehicles
and pedestrians. The moisture sensors would continuously
monitor the water level, and the Arduino would process the
data and send instructions to the servo motors. This solution
would provide a more efficient and safer way to deal with
changing water levels in bridges.
In conclusion, an automatic height-adjusting bridge would be
a great application of Arduino, servo motors, and moisture
sensors. This system would help prevent accidents and
provide a safer way for people to travel across bridges,
especially during periods of heavy rainfall or flooding.

xix
 FUTURE SCOPE

A Warning system can be provided before lifting the

bridge so as to alert the passengers
The Bridge can be modified as per the requirement of
the load
Can prevent accidents during the monsoon period
Flooding of the bridge can be prevented
Transportation of the vehicles will not be interrupted

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 REFERENCES

Darshan B, Shashank MK, Srihari K, Srinidhi K “Smart Bridge”.

IRJET-2020.
[2] Andrew Gastineau, Tyler Johnson, Arturo Schultz “Bridge Health
Monitoring and Inspections” –A Survey
of Methods September 2009.
[3] Ashwini R, Sneha Shivan and Mesta, Varsha A Ravichandran G,
Haritha K, Siva Raman “Bridge Monitoring
System Using Wireless Networks” IJARJJE- ISSN 2017.
[4] M. Pregnolato, A. O. Winter, D. Mascarenas, A. D. Sen, P. Bates,
and M. R. Motley, "Assessing flooding impact
to riverine bridges: an integrated analysis," Natural Hazards and Earth
System Sciences Discussions,
pp. 1-18, 2020.
[5] Bridge History". Towerbridge.org.uk. 1 February 2003. Archived
from the original on 20 June 2012.
Retrieved 13 June 2012.

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