0% found this document useful (0 votes)
11 views

P6 Force Vectors

This document covers the fundamentals of force vectors in engineering mechanics, including vector operations, addition of forces, and Cartesian vector notation. It provides objectives for students to understand vector addition, resolution of forces, and the dot product, along with examples and procedures for analyzing coplanar forces. The document also discusses position vectors and forces directed along a line, supported by practical examples and solutions.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
11 views

P6 Force Vectors

This document covers the fundamentals of force vectors in engineering mechanics, including vector operations, addition of forces, and Cartesian vector notation. It provides objectives for students to understand vector addition, resolution of forces, and the dot product, along with examples and procedures for analyzing coplanar forces. The document also discusses position vectors and forces directed along a line, supported by practical examples and solutions.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

⁎ Scalars and Vectors

⁎ Vector Operations
⁎ Vector Addition of Forces
⁎ Addition of a System of Coplanar Forces
⁎ Cartesian Vectors
⁎ Addition of Cartesian Vectors
⁎ Position Vectors
⁎ Force Vectors Directed Along a Line
⁎ Dot Product

ENGINEERING MECHANICS 1
ESCI 123

FORCE VECTORS Chapter 1


OBJECTIVES

After discussing this chapter,


the student must be able to:
• Add forces and resolve them into
components.
• Express force and position in
Cartesian vector form and
explain how to determine the
vector’s magnitude and direction
• Perform the dot product in order
to determine the angle between
two vectors or the projection of
one vector onto another.

ENGINEERING
24 Jan 2020 9:39 AM MECHANICS 1 2
ESCI 123
Review of the
Basics Vector
Operation
Review basic knowledge in vector operations
including both graphical and algebraic methods.

ENGINEERING
24 Jan 2020 9:39 AM MECHANICS 1 3
ESCI 123
REVIEW OF THE BASICS VECTOR OPERATION
Other Important Points

• Scalar and Vector


• Multiplication/ Division of a Vector by a Scalar
• The result will always be a SCALAR, only the magnitude will be affected
• Vector Addition:
• Head to Tail Rule
• Parallelogram or Triangle Law of Vector Addition
• Vector Subtraction
• A special case of vector addition by a vector and a negative of another
vector

ENGINEERING
24 Jan 2020 9:39 AM MECHANICS 1 4
ESCI 123
VECTOR ADDITION OF FORCES

• Experimental evidence has shown that a


force is a vector quantity since it has a
specified magnitude, direction, and sense
and it adds according to the parallelogram
law.
• Two common problems in statics involve
either finding the resultant force or knowing
its components, and resolving a known
force into two components.
• The parallelogram law must be used to
determine the resultant of the two forces
acting on the hook.
ENGINEERING
24 Jan 2020 9:39 AM MECHANICS 1 5
ESCI 123
VECTOR ADDITION OF FORCES
Finding a Resultant Force

• To get the resultant of the two forces F1 and


F2 acting on the pin, can be added together
to form the resultant for F.
• To use the parallelogram law in finding the
resultant, just follow the head-to-tail rule on
vector construction, forming a
parallelogram or in more shorter way, a
triangle.

ENGINEERING
24 Jan 2020 9:39 AM MECHANICS 1 6
ESCI 123
VECTOR ADDITION OF FORCES
Finding the Components of a Force

• Sometimes it is necessary to resolve a force


into two components in order to study its
pulling or pushing effect in two specific
directions.
• To use the parallelogram law in finding the
component, just start from the tip of the
force F, one line parallel to u and one
parallel to v axis that will soon form a
parallelogram or can be reduced into a
triangle.
• From this, law of sines and cosines can be
applied to get the unknowns.
ENGINEERING
24 Jan 2020 9:39 AM MECHANICS 1 7
ESCI 123
VECTOR ADDITION OF FORCES
Procedure for Analysis

• Two ‘component’ forces F1 and F2 can be add according to


parallelogram law, yielding resultant force Fr that forms a diagonal of a
parallelogram.
• If a force F is to be resolved into components along a u and v axes, then
start at the head or tail of the force vector F then construct parallel lines
to both axes to form the sides of a parallelogram.
• Label all known and unknown force magnitudes and angles
• Redraw a half portion of a parallelogram to illustrate the head to tail
addition.
• Apply Law of Sines and Cosines to solve the unknown values.

ENGINEERING
24 Jan 2020 9:39 AM MECHANICS 1 8
ESCI 123
VECTOR ADDITION OF FORCES
Example 1

The screw eye is subjected to two forces ,


F1 and F2. Determine the magnitude and
direction of the resultant force.

Answers:
𝐅𝐫 = 213 N
𝝋 = 54.8⁰ from + x-axis

ENGINEERING
24 Jan 2020 9:39 AM MECHANICS 1 9
ESCI 123
VECTOR ADDITION OF FORCES
Example 2

Resolve the horizontal 600-lb force into


components acting along the u and v axes
and determine the magnitudes of these
components.

Answers:
𝐅𝐮 = 1039 lbs
𝐅𝒗 = 600 lbs

ENGINEERING
24 Jan 2020 9:39 AM MECHANICS 1 10
ESCI 123
VECTOR ADDITION OF FORCES
Example 3

Determine the magnitude of the


component force F and the magnitude of
the resultant force Fr if Fr is directed
along the positive y axis.

Answers:
𝐅 = 245 lb
𝐅𝒓 = 273 lb

ENGINEERING
24 Jan 2020 9:39 AM MECHANICS 1 11
ESCI 123
ADDITION OF A SYSTEM OF COPLANAR FORCES

• Rectangular Components.
𝐹𝑥 = 𝐹 cos 𝜃 ; 𝐹𝑦 = 𝐹 sin 𝜃
𝑎 𝑏
𝐹𝑥 = 𝐹 ; 𝐹𝑦 = 𝐹
𝑐 𝑐

• Component Form
F = < 𝐹𝑥 , 𝐹𝑦 > units
• Cartesian Vector Notation
F = ( 𝐹𝑥 𝐢 + 𝐹𝑦 𝐣 ) units
• Finding the Force Resultant
• Just add the components of each vector then get the magnitude.
ENGINEERING
24 Jan 2020 9:39 AM MECHANICS 1 12
ESCI 123
ADDITION OF A SYSTEM OF COPLANAR FORCES
Example 4

Determine the x and y components of F1


and F2 acting on the boom. Express each
force as a cartesian vector

Answers:
𝐅𝟏 = { -100i + 173j} N
𝐅𝟐 = { 240i - 100j} N

ENGINEERING
24 Jan 2020 9:39 AM MECHANICS 1 13
ESCI 123
ADDITION OF A SYSTEM OF COPLANAR FORCES
Example 5

The link is subjected to two forces F1 and


F2. Determine the magnitude and
direction of the resultant force.

Answers:
𝐹𝑟 = 629 N
𝜽 = 67.9⁰

ENGINEERING
24 Jan 2020 9:39 AM MECHANICS 1 14
ESCI 123
ADDITION OF A SYSTEM OF COPLANAR FORCES
Example 6

The end of the boom O is subjected to


three concurrent and coplanar forces.
Determine the magnitude and direction of
the resultant force.

Answers:
𝐹𝑟 = 485 N
𝜽 = 37.8⁰

ENGINEERING
24 Jan 2020 9:39 AM MECHANICS 1 15
ESCI 123
CARTESIAN VECTOR
Example 7

Express the force F as a Cartesian Vector

Answers:
𝐅 = { 100i + 100j + 141.4k} N

ENGINEERING
24 Jan 2020 9:39 AM MECHANICS 1 16
ESCI 123
CARTESIAN VECTOR
Example 8

Determine the magnitude and the


coordinate direction angles of the
resultant force acting on the ring.

Answers:
𝐹𝑟 = 191 lbs
𝛼⁰= 74.8 ⁰
𝛽 = 102 ⁰
𝛾 = 19.6

ENGINEERING
24 Jan 2020 9:39 AM MECHANICS 1 17
ESCI 123
CARTESIAN VECTOR
Example 9

Express the force F as a Cartesian Vector


and find its direction cosines.

Answers:
𝐅 = { 35.4i – 35.4j + 86.6k} N
𝛼 = 69.3⁰
𝛽 = 111⁰
𝛾 = 30⁰

ENGINEERING
24 Jan 2020 9:39 AM MECHANICS 1 18
ESCI 123
CARTESIAN VECTOR
Example 10

Two forces act on the hook shown.


Specify the magnitude of F2 and its
coordinate direction angles that the
resultant force Fr acts along the positive
y axis and has a magnitude of 800 N

Answers:
𝐹2 = 700 N
𝛼 = 108 ⁰
𝛽 = 21.8 ⁰
𝛾 = 77.6

ENGINEERING
24 Jan 2020 9:39 AM MECHANICS 1 19
ESCI 123
POSITION VECTOR

• A position vector, r is defined as a fixed vector


which locates a point in space relative to
another point.
• Head minus Tail
• If the position vector is extending from the
origin to a point P (x , y , z), then the position
vector would just be:
• r = { (x-0)i + (y-0)j + (z-0)k } units
• Starting from the origin, travel x along the +i
direction, the y in the +j direction, and finally z
in the +z direction to arrive at point P (x , y , z)
ENGINEERING
24 Jan 2020 9:39 AM MECHANICS 1 20
ESCI 123
POSITION VECTOR

• In the more general case, the position


vector may be directed from point A to
point B. It can be denoted as 𝐫𝐀𝐁 or 𝐫 to
designate as the position vector from A to
B
• Head minus Tail
• If the position vector is extending from
point A(𝑥𝐴 , 𝑦𝐴 , 𝑧𝐴 ) to point B (𝑥𝐵 ,
𝑦𝐵 , 𝑧𝐵 ), then the position vector would
just be:
r = (𝑥𝐵 − 𝑥𝐴 )i + (𝑦𝐵 − 𝑦𝐴 )j + (𝑧𝐵 − 𝑧𝐴 )k

ENGINEERING
24 Jan 2020 9:39 AM MECHANICS 1 21
ESCI 123
POSITION VECTOR
Example 11

An elastic rubber band is attached to points A


and B as shown. Determine its length and its
direction measured from A toward B.

Answers:
𝑟 =7m
𝛼 = 115 ⁰
𝛽 = 73.4 ⁰
𝛾 = 31⁰

ENGINEERING
24 Jan 2020 9:39 AM MECHANICS 1 22
ESCI 123
FORCE DIRECTED ALONG A LINE

• Quite often in three-dimensional statics


problems, the direction of a force is specified
by two points through which its line of action
passes.
• Given the magnitude of the force and the
points where the line of action passes, the
cartesian vector of the force directed along
the given line is:
𝐅 = 𝐹𝐮𝐫
• Where:
𝐅= cartesian vector
𝐹= magnitude of the force
𝐮𝐫 = unit vector of the position vector = r / r
ENGINEERING
24 Jan 2020 9:39 AM MECHANICS 1 23
ESCI 123
FORCE DIRECTED ALONG A LINE
Example 12

The man pulls on the cord with a force of 70


lb. Represent this force acting on the support
A as a Cartesian vector and determine its
direction.

Answers:
𝐅 = { 30i - 20j - 60k} lb
𝛼 = 64.6 ⁰
𝛽 = 107 ⁰
𝛾 = 149⁰

ENGINEERING
24 Jan 2020 9:39 AM MECHANICS 1 24
ESCI 123
FORCE DIRECTED ALONG A LINE
Example 13

Express the force acting on the hook as a


cartesian vector.

Answers:
𝐅𝑩 = { -557i + 482j + 139k} N

ENGINEERING
24 Jan 2020 9:39 AM MECHANICS 1 25
ESCI 123
FORCE DIRECTED ALONG A LINE
Example 14
The roof is supported by
cables as shown in the
photo. If the cables exert
forces 𝐹𝐴𝐵 = 100 N and
𝐹𝐴𝐶 = 120 N on the wall
hook at A as shown,
determine the resultant
force acting at A. Express
the result as a cartesian
vector

Answers:
𝐅𝑩 = { 151i + 40j - 151k} N

ENGINEERING
24 Jan 2020 9:39 AM MECHANICS 1 26
ESCI 123
Prepare
for a
short quiz
next
meeting
ENGINEERING
24 Jan 2020 9:39 AM MECHANICS 1 27
ESCI 123

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy