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9-26-22 Notes 7 Graphs of Functions

Chapter 2 covers graphs and functions, focusing on the rectangular coordinate system, distance and midpoint formulas, and graphing equations in two variables. Key concepts include ordered pairs, the distance between points, and determining midpoints, along with practical examples for application. The chapter also outlines steps for graphing equations by plotting points and finding intercepts.

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6 views

9-26-22 Notes 7 Graphs of Functions

Chapter 2 covers graphs and functions, focusing on the rectangular coordinate system, distance and midpoint formulas, and graphing equations in two variables. Key concepts include ordered pairs, the distance between points, and determining midpoints, along with practical examples for application. The chapter also outlines steps for graphing equations by plotting points and finding intercepts.

Uploaded by

r.rosalez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 2 Graphs and Functions

2.1 Rectangular Coordinates and Graphs


■ Ordered Pairs ■ The Rectangular Coordinate System ■ The Distance Formula
■ The Midpoint Formula ■ Graphing Equations in Two Variables

Key Terms: ordered pair, origin, x-axis, y-axis, rectangular (Cartesian) coordinate system,
coordinate plane (xy-plane), quadrants, coordinates, collinear, graph of an equation,
x-intercept, y-intercept

Ordered Pairs

EXAMPLE 1 Writing Ordered Pairs


Use the table to write ordered pairs to
express the relationship between each
category and the amount spent on it.

(a) housing (b) entertainment

The Rectangular Coordinate System


The x-axis and y-axis together make up a ____________ ____________system, or ____________
____________ system. The plane into which the coordinate system is introduced is the ____________
____________, or ____________ ____________.
The x-axis and y-axis divide the plane into four regions, or ____________.
The Distance Formula

Distance Formula
Suppose that P ( x1 , y1 ) and R( x2 , y2 ) are two points in a coordinate plane. The distance between P and R ,
written d ( P, R) , is given by the following formula.

d ( P, R ) = ________________________________.

The distance between two points in a coordinate plane is the square root of the sum of the square of the
difference between their x-coordinates and the square of the difference between their y-coordinates.

EXAMPLE 2 Using the Distance Formula


Find the distance between P( −8, 4) and Q(3, − 2).

If the sides a, b, and c of a triangle satisfy a 2 + b 2 =


c 2 then the triangle is a ____________ ____________
with ____________ having lengths a and b and ____________ having length c.

EXAMPLE 3 Applying the Distance Formula


Are the points M(−2, 5), N(12, 3), and Q(10, −11) the vertices of a right triangle?

Reflect: What does the Pythagorean Theorem tell us about right triangles?
EXAMPLE 4 Applying the Distance Formula
Are the points ( −1, 5) , ( 2, −4) , and ( 4, − 10) collinear?

Reflect: Finish this sentence: Three points are collinear if________________________.

The Midpoint Formula

MIDPOINT FORMULA
The midpoint of the line-segment with endpoints P( x1 , y1 ) and Q( x2 , y2 ) has the following coordinates.

______________________________

That is, the x-coordinate of the midpoint of a line segment is the _______________ of the x-coordinates of
the segment’s endpoints, and the y-coordinate is the _______________ of the y-coordinates of the segment’s
endpoints.
EXAMPLE 5 Using the Midpoint Formula
Use the midpoint formula to do each of the following.
(a) Find the coordinates of the midpoint M of the segment with endpoints (8, −4) and (6, 1).

(b) Find the coordinates of the other endpoint Q of a segment with one endpoint P( −6,12) and midpoint
M (8, −2) .

EXAMPLE 6 Applying the Midpoint Formula


Figure 8 depicts how a graph might indicate the
increase in the revenue generated by fast-food
restaurants in the United States from $69.8
billion in 1990 to $164.8 billion in 2010. Use
the midpoint formula and the two given points
to estimate the revenue from fast-food
restaurants in 2000, and compare it to the actual
figure of $107.1 billion.
Graphing Equations in Two Variables

EXAMPLE 7 Finding Ordered-Pair Solutions of Equations


For each equation, find at least three ordered pairs that are solutions.

(a) =
y 4x − 1 (b) =
x y −1 y x2 − 4
(c) =

Graphing an Equation by Point Plotting


Step 1 Find the intercepts.
Step 2 Find as many additional ordered pairs as needed.
Step 3 Plot the ordered pairs from Steps 1 and 2.
Step 4 Join the points from Step 3 with a smooth line or curve.

EXAMPLE 8 GRAPHING EQUATIONS


Graph each of the equations here, from Example 7.
(a) =
y 4x − 1 (b) =x y −1

y x2 − 4
(c) =
Reflect: What are intercepts? How do you find the x-intercept(s)? How do you find the
y-intercept(s)?

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