Advanced Mathematics 1 Series 01 2021/2022

THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA

IBRA ADVANCED MATHEMATICS SERIES
PROGRAM

142/1 ADVANCED MATHEMATICS 1

Series 01 2021/2022

Marking Scheme/Guide

@ Pre medic Open School

(Dar es Saalam-Mwenge-ITV)

By MWL Thomas Thomas(IBRA)

 +255 621 008 885

 +255 655 839 355

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Advanced Mathematics 1 Series 01 2021/2022
1. Using a non-programmable calculator:

a)
3 k(k−a) 8.604
i. Evaluates M = √k2 −kp−kq+pq to 4 decimal places where a = 6.5877, q = 7.8498 + ln a , p = ,k =
q+a

11.5225 + sin p.
1.4319 … … ..………………………………………………………………………….…….. 4 marks
(3−i)(2+3i)4
ii. Find Modulus and argument of Z given that Z = (1+i)
Modulus 266.54 .………………………………………………….……………………….. 1 mark
Argument 161.8° …….……………………………………………………………….….... 1 mark

3π π
π π sin( )+3.14eπ tan 43°+
b) Calculate √22 7
+ π
22
to four decimal places.
7
+ π ln π+cot 76° sec−1 ( )
3

5.7031……………………………………………………………….………….….... 4 marks

2.
x2 −1 x
a) Prove that cosh[ln(sinh(ln x))] = + x2 −1
4x
Proof
1
eln x +eln x x−x−1 x− x2 −1
Consider sinh(ln x) = = = x
=
2 2 2 2x
x2 −1 x2 −1
ln( ) −ln( )
2x 2x
x2 −1 e −e
Now cosh(sinh(ln x)) = cosh ln ( )=
2x 2
−1
x2 −1 x2 −1 x2 −1 2x
−( ) − 2
2x 2x 2x x −1
= =
2 2
x2 −1 2x x2 −1 x
= + 2(x2 −1) = + x2 −1 # …………………….…….….……… 2 marks
4x 4x
x 2t 1+t2
b) If t = tanh (2) prove that sinh x = 1−t2 and cosh x = 1−t2. Hence, solve the equation 7 cosh x +
20 sinh 𝑥 = 24. Leave you answer in logarithm form.
Proof
x x
2 sinh( ) cosh( )
2 2
x x x x
x x 2 sinh( ) cosh( ) cosh2 ( ) 2 tanh( ) 2t
Consider sinh x = 2 sinh (2) cosh (2) = x
2 2
x = x
2
x
cosh2 ( )−sinh2 ( )
= 2
x = 1−t2 and
cosh2 ( )−sinh2 ( ) 2 2 1−tanh2( )
2 2 x 2
cosh2 ( )
2
x x
cosh2 ( )+sinh2 ( )
2 2
x x x x x
x x cosh2( )+sinh2 ( ) cosh2 ( )+sinh2 ( ) cosh2 ( )
cosh x = cosh2 (2) + sinh2 (2) = 2 2
= 2
x
2
x = x
2
x
cosh2 ( )−sinh2 ( )
=
1 cosh2 ( )−sinh2 ( ) 2 2
2 2 x
cosh2 ( )
2
x
1+tanh2 ( ) 1+t2
2
x = 1−t2………………………………………………………………………. 1.5 marks
1−tanh2 ( )
2
1+t2 2t 7+7t2 40t
Given 7 cosh x + 20 sinh 𝑥 = 24 ⟹ 7 (1−t2 ) + 20 (1−t2) = 24 ⟹ + 1−t2 − 24 = 0
1−t2

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Advanced Mathematics 1 Series 01 2021/2022

7+7t2 +40t−24(1−t2 )
⟹ = 0 ⟹ 7 + 7t 2 + 40t − 24 + 24t 2 = 0 ⟹ 31t 2 + 40t − 17 = 0
1−t2
by solving t = 0.337
x
⟹ tanh (2) = 0.337
x 1 1+0.337
⟹ 2 = 2 ln (1−0.337)
⟹ x = ln(2.02)
x
or t = −1.627 ⟹ tanh (2) = −0.627 no solution……………………………..…….…….. 1.5 marks

c)

i. Sketch graph of f(x) = cosech(x), state domain and range of f(x).

Graph of f(x) = cosech(x)…………………….. 1. marks

Domain {x: xϵℜ, x ≠ 0} range {y: yϵℜ, y ≠ 0}…………………………………….. 1. marks

ii. Integrate ∫ √x 2 − 2x + 10 dx
Solution
∫ √x 2 − 2x + 10 dx = ∫ √(x 2 − 2x) + 10 dx = ∫ √(x 2 − 2x + 1) − 1 + 10 dx =
∫ √(x − 1)2 + 9 dx
let 3 sinh θ = (x − 1) ⟹ 3 cosh θ dθ = dx
⟹ ∫ √(x − 1)2 + 9 dx = 3 ∫ √(3 sinh θ)2 + 9 cosh θ dθ

= 3 ∫ √9 sinh2 θ + 9 cosh θ dθ = 3 ∫ √9(sinh2 θ + 1) cosh θ dθ

= 9 ∫ √(sinh2 θ + 1) cosh θ dθ = 9 ∫ √cosh2 θ cosh θ dθ

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Advanced Mathematics 1 Series 01 2021/2022
2 9
= 9 ∫ coshθ cosh θ dθ = 9 ∫ cosh θ dθ = 2 ∫(cosh 2θ + 1)dθ
9 1 9 2
= 2 (2 sinh 2θ + θ) + c = 2 (2 sinh θ cosh θ + θ)
9 9 (x+1) 2
= 2 (sinh θ √sinh2 θ + 1) + θ = 2 ( √(x+1) + 1 + sinh−1 (x+1)) + c .
3 3 3
3. marks
3.
a) A company imports goods at two ports Dar and Tanga. Shipments of one of its product are made to
customer in Dodoma, Arusha, Mbeya and morogoro. For the next planning period the supplies at each
port customer demand s and the shipping cost per case from each port to each customers are as follows

Customer
Port Dodoma Arusha Mbeya Morogoro Port supply
Dar 2 6 6 2 5,000
Tanga 1 2 5 7 3,000
1,400 3,2 00 2,000 1,400
Formulate all constraints and objective function.

Let xij = number of goods from Port i and sent to customer j

𝐏𝐨𝐫𝐭/𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞 Customers/destinations

𝐃𝐨𝐝𝐨𝐦𝐚

𝐃𝐚𝐫
𝐀𝐫𝐮𝐬𝐡𝐚

𝐌𝐛𝐞𝐲𝐚
𝐓𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐚

𝐌𝐨𝐫𝐨𝐠𝐨𝐫𝐨
Objective function
Z = 2x11 + 6x12 + 6x13 + 2x14 + x21 + 2x22 + 5x23 + 7x24 ………………………………………….……… 1. marks
Constraints
For shipments from Port/source
x11 + x12 + x13 + x14 ≤ 5,000
x21 + x22 + x23 + x24 ≤ 3,000 …………………………………………….………………………….……..……1. marks
For shipments to customers/destinations
x11 + x21 ≥ 1,400
x12 + x22 ≥ 3,200
x13 + x23 ≥ 2,000
x13 + x23 ≥ 2,000
x14 + x24 ≥ 1,400 ……………………………………………………………….………………………….……..
2. marks
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Advanced Mathematics 1 Series 01 2021/2022
b) A shopkeeper deals in two items-thermos flasks and air tight containers. A flask costs him TSH. 12,000 and an air tight
container costs him TSH. 6,000. He has at the most TSH. 1,200,000 of invest and has space to store a maximum of 150 items.
The profit on selling a flask in TSH. 2,000 and an air tight container is TSH. 1,500. Assuming that he will able to sell all things
he buys, how many of each item should he buy to maximize his profit? Solve the problem graphically.
Number of thermos flasks to 𝐛𝐞 𝐱
Let
Number of tight containers 𝐭𝐨 𝐛𝐞 𝐲

Constraints Objective Functions(Maximize) Equations from Intercepts

constraints
𝟏𝟐, 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝐱 + 𝟔, 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝐲 ≤ 2x + y = 200 x + y = 150
𝐱 𝐲 𝐱 𝐲
𝟏, 𝟐𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 2x + y = 200 𝐱 100 0 𝐱 150 0
⟹ 𝟐𝐱 + 𝐲 ≤ 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝐳 = 𝐟(𝐱, 𝐲) = 𝟐, 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝐱 + 𝟏, 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝐲 x + y = 150 𝐲 0 200 𝐲 0 150
𝒙 + 𝐲 ≤ 𝟏𝟓𝟎
𝐱≥𝟎
𝐲≥𝟎
Graph

From the graph corner t points are A(0,150), B(0,0), C(100,0), D(50,100)
Table that shows feasible solutions.
Corner point Objective function Values
(𝐱, 𝐲) 2,000x + 1,500y
A(0,150) 0 + 225,000 225,000
(0,0) 0,0 0
C(100,0) 200,000 + 0 200,000
𝐃(𝟓𝟎, 𝟏𝟎𝟎) 𝟏𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 + 𝟏𝟓𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟓𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎
Maximum profit is 250,000. In order the shopkeeper maximize profit should buy 50 thermos flasks and 100 tight containers.
6. marks

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Advanced Mathematics 1 Series 01 2021/2022
4.
a) The mean and standard deviation of a set of 100 items were found to 60 and 10 respectively. At the time
of calculation, two items were wrongly taken as 5 and 45 instead of 30 and 20. Calculate the corrected
standard deviation.
∑x ∑ x2
Given x100 = 60, δ100 = 10 but x = and δ100 = √ − (x)2
n n

In case of mean
∑𝑥
⟹ 𝑥100 = 60 = 100 ⟹ ∑ 𝑥 = 100 × 60 = 6,000

To get new summation after remove wongly items and replace correct items is ∑ x = 6,000 − 5 − 45 + 30 +
20 = 6,000
∑x 6,000
Now correct mean is x = = = 60…………………………………………..…………..….. 1.5. marks
n 100
In case of standad deviation
2
∑ x2 2 ∑ x2 ∑ x2 ∑ x2
δ100 = 10 = √ 100 − (60)2 ⟹ 10 = (√ 100 − (60)2 ) ⟹ 100 = 100
− 3,600 ⟹ 100 + 3,600 = 100
⟹
∑ x2
× 100 = 3,700 × 100 ⟹ ∑ x 2 = 370,000
100

To obtain new ∑ 𝑥 2 by remove iccotect items and replace by cottect items ∑ 𝑥 2 = 370,000 − 52 − 452 + 202 +
302 = 369,250

− 602 = √92.5 = 9.6176923 …………………………… 2.5. marks

369,250
New standard deviation δ = √ 100
b) The diameter of circles (in mm) drawn in a design are given below:
Diameter (in mm) 33-36 37-40 41-44 45-48 49-52
No. of circles 12 17 21 22 25

Determine the following:-

i. First and third quartiles
First quartile
N
( −fbQ1 )
4
Q 1 = L Q1 + ( )i
fwQ1

N th 97 th
But Q1 class is ( 4 ) = (4) = 24.25th is 37 − 44
N
Now LQ1 = 36.5, 4 = 24.25, fbQ1 = 12, fwQ1 = 17, i = 4
(24.25−12)
Q1 = 36.5 + ( ) 4 = 36.5 + 2.882352941 = 39.38235294 ……………………… 1.5. marks
17
Third quartile
N
( −fbQ3 )
4
Q 3 = L Q3 + ( )i
fwQ3

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Advanced Mathematics 1 Series 01 2021/2022
3N th 3×97 th N
But Q3 class is ( 4 ) =( ) = 72.75th is 49 − 52 Now LQ3 = 48.5, 4 = 72.75, fbQ3 = 72, fwQ1 =
4
25, i = 4
(72.75−72)
Q3 = 48.5 + ( ) 4 = 48.5 + 0.12 = 48.62 ………………………………………………………………. 1.5. marks
25
ii. Mean by using coding method if A = 42
c ∑ fu xi −A d
Mean x = A + ∑f
when u = = c , c = 4 = class size and A = 42.5
c

Table

Intervals Frequency Class mark xi − A = d d fu

=u
(f) (x) c
33 − 36 12 34.5 −8 −2 −24
37 − 40 17 38.5 −4 −1 −17
41 − 44 21 42.5 0 0 0
45 − 48 22 46.5 4 1 22
49 − 52 25 50.5 8 22 50
∑ f = 97 ∑ f u = 31
c ∑ fu 31×4
Mean x = A + ∑f
= 42.5 + 97
= 42.5 + 1.278350515 = 43.77835052 …………..………… 3. marks
5.

a) Use the laws of algebra of sets to simplify the following expressions:

i. (A′ ∩ B)′ − (A′ ∪ (A ∩ B))
Solution

≡ (A′ ∩ B)′ ∩ (A′ ∪ (A ∩ B))′ …………………………………………...set difference

≡ (A′ ∩ B)′ ∩ ((A′ ∪ A) ∩ (A′ ∪ B)))′………………………… …….....distribution
≡ (A′ ∩ B)′ ∩ ((μ ∩ (A′ ∪ B))) ′ ………………………… ………….…complimentary
≡ (A′ ∩ B)′ ∩ (A′ ∪ B)′ .………………………… ………….…………. identity
≡ (A′′ ∪ B′) ∩ (A′′ ∩ B′) .………………………… ………….…….…. de morgace
≡ (A ∪ B′) ∩ (A ∩ B′) ………………………… ………….………...….double complimentary
≡ ((A ∪ B′) ∩ A) ∩ ((A ∪ B′) ∩ B′)…………….…………… ……......distribution
≡ (A ∩ B′)…………………………… ………….………...……………absorption…….1.5 marks

ii. ((A − B) ∪ (A ∪ B)′) ∪ B

Solution
≡ ((A ∩ B′) ∪ (A ∪ B)′) ∪ B…………………………………………...set difference
≡ ((A ∩ B′) ∪ (A′ ∩ B′)) ∪ B……………………..………….…….…. de morgace
≡ ((A ∪ A′) ∩ B′) ∪ B…………….……………….………… ……......distribution
≡ (μ ∩ B′) ∪ B′………………………………………….. ………….…complimentary
≡ B′ ∪ B′……………………………...………… ………….…………. identity
≡ μ …………………………...………… ………………..…………….complimentary 1.5 marks

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Advanced Mathematics 1 Series 01 2021/2022
b) A group of 82 students were surveyed. 39 liked oranges, 39 liked mangoes, 50 liked bananas 21 liked
oranges and bananas, 18 liked bananas and mangoes, 19 liked oranges and mangoes and 43 liked
exactly two of the fruits.
i. How many students liked oranges but not bananas or mangoes?
ii. How many students liked all of the three fruits
iii. How many students liked exactly one of the fruits?
Consider Venn diagram bellow

2 marks

From Venn diagram above

Exactly two fruits are (18 − x) + (21 − x) + (19 − x) = 42 ⟹ −x = −16 ⟹ x = 16 1 marks
i. 50 − 16 − (21 − 16) − (18 − 16) = 27……………………………………………… . . 1.5 marks
ii. x = 16……………………………………………………………………………………….. 1. marks
iii. = a + b + c but a = 39 − (18 − 16) − (19 − 16) − 16 = 18,
b = 50 − (18 − 16) − (21 − 16) − 16 = 27 and
c = 39 − (18 − 16) − (21 − 16) − 16 = 15…
⟹ a + b + c = 18 + 27 + 15 = 60 ……………………………………………………… 1.5 marks
6.
a)
i. Find fogoh(x) and gohof(x) if f(x) = {(2,2), (4,3), (0,0)(3,3)}, g −1 (x) =
{(2,2)(4,5)(0,1)(5,3)} and h(x) = {(1,1)(3,3)(2,5)(5,5)(4, −2)}
Note given g −1 (x) = {(2,2)(4,5)(0,1)(5,3)} ⟹ g(x) = {(2,2)(5,4)(1,0), (3,5)}
Consider pictorial diagram below shows composite of function
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fogoh(x) = {(1,0), (2,3), (5,3)} ………………………………………………...………………. 1.5 marks

Consider pictorial diagram below shows composite of function

gohof(x) = {(2,5), (4,5), (3,5)} ………………………………………....……………………. 1.5 marks

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ii. Given f(x) = ln(x), list three properties of function f(x)
 Is monotonically increasing
 cuts x-axis at 𝑥 = 1
 its are curves form
 values of 𝑥 > 0 or domain = {x: xεℜ x > 0}……………………………………… 1.5 marks
1
b) Sketch graph of f(x) = x2 −2x−3 ,state domain and range.
Let find intercepts. Turing point and asymptotes first
1
x-intercept y = 0 let f(x) = y ⟹ 0 = x2 −2x−3 ⟹ 0 = 1(no x- intercept)
1 1 1
y- Intercept x = 0 let f(x) = y = 0, ⟹ y = 0−0−3 = − 3 ⟹ (0, − 3) = (0, −0.33))
vertical asymptotes x 2 − 2x − 3 = 0 by solving x = 3, x = −1
1 1
x2 0
horizontal asymptotes y = x2 2x 3
as x → ∞ ⟹ y = ∞
2 3 = =0
− − 1− − 1−0
∞ ∞
x2 x2 x2
dy
turning point =0
dx
1 dy
consider y = = (x 2 − 2x − 3)−1 ⟹ = −(2x − 2)(x 2 − 2x − 3)−2
x2 −2x−3 dx
dy (2x−2) 1
⟹ =0 = − (x2 ⟹ −(2x − 2) = 0 ⟹ x = 1 now y = = −0.25 hence turning point is
dx −2x−3)2 1−2−3
(1, −0.25)
…………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………… 2.5 marks
1
Graph of f(x) = x2 −2x−3

1.5 marks

From the graph

0.5 marks
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domain is {x: xεℜ x ≠ −1 and 3} ……………………………………………………..……..
range is {y: yεℜ y ≠ −0.25 < y ≤ 0 }………………………………………………………….1 marks
7.
a) Suppose two points (x0 , y0 )) and (x1 , y1 ) are on a straight line with y1 ≠ y0 . Two Formulae are
x0 y1 −x1 y0 (x1 −x0 )y0
available to find the x-intercept of the line x = and x = x0 −
y1 −y0 y1 −y0
i. Use data (x0 , y0 ) = (1.31,3.24) and (x1 , y1 ) = (1.93,4.76) and three significant digit rounding
arithmetic to compute the x-intercept both ways.
x0 y1 −x1 y0 1.31×4.76−1.93×3.24 6.24−6.25 −0.001
Consider x = = = = = −0.00628
y1 −y0 4.76−3.24 1.52 1.52
(1.93−1.31)×3.24 (0.620)×3.24 2.01
and x = 1.31 − = 1.31 − = 1.52 = 1.31 − 1.32 = −0.0100 2 marks
4.76−3.24 1.52
ii. Which method is better and why
x0 y1 −x1 y0
Method x = is best because their values closer to 0……………………………….. 1 marks
y1 −y0
b)
i. Derive Newton Rapshon method from Taylor theorem
Solution
(x−x0 )2 f" (x0 )
Tylor series f(x) = f((x − x0 ) + x0 ) = f(x0 ) + (x − x0 )f ′ (x0 ) + +⋯
2!
Linearize that is only keep the first two terms such that > (x − x0 )2 ≈ 0
Let rename x → xn+1 , x0 → xn ,
Impose that xn+1 is a root of f, that is impose f(x) = 0
(x−x0 )2 f" (x0 )
f(x) = f((x − x0 ) + x0 ) = f(x0 ) + (x − x0 )f ′ (x0 ) + +⋯
2!
⟹ 0 = f(xn ) + (xn+1 − xn )f ′ (xn ) + 0
let make subject xn+1 , f(xn ) + xn+1 f ′ (xn ) − xn f ′ (xn ) = 𝟎
⟹ xn+1 f ′ (xn ) = xn f ′ (xn ) − f(xn )
xn f′ (xn )−f(xn ) f(x )
⟹ xn+1 = = xn − f′ (xn ) …………………………………… 2 marks
f′ (xn ) n
ii. By idea of diagram show that if root formed between a and b then f(a)f(b) < 0

1 marks

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From the diagram above values of f(a) = −ve and f(b) = +ve and root formead between a and b
hence f(a)f(b) < 0 = −ve …………………………………………………………. 0.5 marks

c) Apply both Simpson rule and trapezoid rule with seven ordinates to find approximation area bounded
by the curve xy = 12 the x-axis and ordinates between x = 1 and x = 4
Solution
12
Consider xy = 12 ⟹ y = x
4−1
Given 7 ordinates means is 6 strips or six interval= n that Height h = = 0.5
6
Table
x 12
y=
x
1 y0 12
1.5 y1 8
2 y2 6
2.5 y3 4.8
3 y4 4
3.5 y5 24
7
4 y6 = yn 3

h
Simpson rule 3 (y0 + yn + 2 ∑ yeven remain + 4 ∑ yodd remain )
0.5 24
= (12 + 3 + 2(6 + 4) + 4 (8 + 4.8 + ))
3 7
0.5
= (102.7142857) = 16.65238095
3
h
Trapezoid rule 2 (y0 + yn + 2 ∑ y remain )
0.5 24
= (12 + 3 + 2 (8 + 6 + 4.8 + 4 + ))
2 7
0.5
= (69.45714286) = 16.86428571…………………………………………………..
3.5 marks
2
8.
a) Show that the common chord of two circles x 2 + y 2 + 2g1 x + 2f1 y + c1 = 0 and x 2 + y 2 + 2g 2 x +
2f2 y + c2 = 0is perpendicular to the line joining their centers.
Solution
Let find center of each circles
x 2 + y 2 + 2g1 x + 2f1 y + c1 = 0
Compare ⟹ (g, f) = (g1 , f1 ) ⟹ (a, b) = (−g1 , −f1 )
x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
x 2 + y 2 + 2g 2 x + 2f2 y + c2 = 0
Compare ⟹ (g, f) = (g 2 , f2 ) ⟹ (a, b) = (−g 2 , −f2 )
x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
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Equation of Common chord:
x 2 + y 2 + 2g 2 x + 2f2 y + c2 − (x 2 + y 2 + 2g1 x + 2f1 y + c1 ) = 0 = (g 2 − g1 )x +
(f2 − f1 )y + c1 − c2 = 0
Slope of common chord:
(g2 −g1 )x (c1 −c2 )
(f2 − f1 )y = −(g 2 − g1 )x − (c1 − c2 ) ⟹ y = − (f2 −f1 )
− (f2 −f1 )
Therefore slope is
(g2 −g1 )
− (f2 −f1 )
−f −−f −f +f f −f
Slope of line joint to the center is −g1 −−g2 = −g1 +g2 = g2 −g1
1 2 1 2 2 1
Let show that product of slope of common chord to line joint to center is negative one −1,
f −f g −g
⟹ (g2 −g1 ) × − ( f2 −f 1 ) = −1 hence showed ………………………………………………. 3 marks
2 1 2 1

b) Find the equation of circle with center on the y − axis which cuts orthogonally each of the circles
x 2 + x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 2y + 1 = 0 and x 2 + y 2 + 6x + 2y − 9 = 0
Consider diagram

From the diagram

y 2 + 6x − 2x − 2y + 1 = 0
Consider 2 compare (a, b) = (1,1)
x + y 2 − 2ax − 2by + c = 0
and r = √a2 + b 2 − c = √12 + 12 − 1 = √1 = 1
x 2 + y 2 + 6x + 2y − 9 = 0
Consider 2 compare (a, b) = (−3, −1)
x + y 2 − 2ax − 2by + c = 0
and r = √a2 + b 2 − c = √(−3)2 + (−1)2 − −9 = √9 + 1 + 9 = √19

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center is on y − axis means (0, b)
Let find point of center (0, b) and radius is r
Distance d1 is d1 = √(1 − 0)2 + (1 − b)2
Distance d2 is d2 = √(−3 − 0)2 + (−1 − b)2
2
but r 2 + 12 = (√(1 − 0)2 + (1 − b)2 ) ⟹ r 2 + 1 = (1 + 1 − 2b + b2 )

⟹ r 2 = b2 − 2b + 1……………….……….eq1
2 2
and r 2 + √19 = (√(−3 − 0)2 + (−1 − b)2 ) ⟹ r 2 + 19 = (9 + 1 + 2b + b2 )
⟹ r 2 = b2 + 2b − 9………..……….eq 2
10 5 5 2 5 25
b2 − 2b + 1 = b2 + 2b − 9 ⟹ 1 + 9 = 4b ⟹ b = = 2 ⟹ r 2 = (2) − 2 (2) + 1 = −5+1=
4 4
25 25−16 9 3
−4= =4⟹r=2
4 4
Hence equation of circle is (x − a)2 + (x − b)2 = r 2
5 2 3 2
⟹ (x − 0)2 + (y − 2) = (2)
5 25 9
⟹ x 2 + y 2 − 2 (2) y + =4
4
⟹ x 2 + y 2 − 5y + 4 = 0 ………………………………………….. 4 marks
Alternative
Condition for orthogonal 2a1 a2 + 2b1 b2 = c1 + c2
Consider required circle the center is (a0 , b0 ) = (0, b0 ) and c0
x 2 + y 2 + 6x − 2x − 2y + 1 = 0
Consider equation one is compare (a, b) = (1,1) and c = 1
x 2 + y 2 − 2ax − 2by + c = 0
⟹ 2 × 0 × 1 + 2 × 1 × b0 = c0 + 1 ⟹ 2b0 − c0 = 1 ….…………………...………….………eq1
x 2 + y 2 + 6x + 2y − 9 = 0
Consider equation two is 2 compare (a, b) = (−3, −1) and c = −9
x + y 2 − 2ax − 2by + c = 0
⟹ 2 × 0 × −3 + 2 × −1 × b0 = c0 − 9 ⟹ −2b0 − c0 = −9 ….……………………….………eq1
−2b0 − c0 = −9 5
Solve equations (eq1 and eq2 ) { b0 = 2 , c0 = 4 but r = √a2 + b 2 − c but a = a0 =
2b0 − c0 = 1
5 5 2 25 25−16 9 3
0, b = b0 = 2 and c0 = 4 ⟹ r = |√02 + (2) − 4| = |√ 4 − 4| = |√ | = |√4| = 2
4

Hence equation of circle is (x − a)2 + (x − b)2 = r 2 .

5 2 3 2
⟹ (x − 0)2 + (y − 2) = (2)
5 25 9
⟹ x 2 + y 2 − 2 (2) y + =4
4
⟹ x 2 + y 2 − 5y + 4 = 0 ………………………………………….. 4 marks

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a) Find equation of line passes through interstation of lines 2x + y = 3 and x + 3y = 4 and makes
equal intercepts of same sign of axis.
Equation of straight line pass through intersection of lines of equations eq1 and eq 2 is eq1 +⋌
eq 2 = 0 let find ⋌
⟹ 2x + y − 3 +⋌ (x + 3y − 4) = 0 ⟹ 𝐱(𝟐 +⋌) + 𝒚(𝟏 + 𝟑 ⋌) + (−𝟑 − 𝟒 ⋌) = 𝟎
For y − intercept x = 0
(𝟑+𝟒⋌)
0 + 𝒚(𝟏 + 𝟑 ⋌) + (−𝟑 − 𝟒 ⋌) = 𝟎 ⟹ 𝐲 = (𝟏+𝟑⋌)

For x − intercept y = 0
(𝟑+𝟒⋌)
𝐱(𝟐 +⋌) + 𝟎 + (−𝟑 − 𝟒 ⋌) = 𝟎 ⟹ 𝐱 = (𝟐+⋌)

(𝟑+𝟒⋌) (𝟑+𝟒⋌) 𝟏
now (𝟏+𝟑⋌) = (𝟐+⋌)
⟹ (𝟏 + 𝟑 ⋌) = (𝟐 +⋌) ⟹ 𝟐 ⋌= 𝟏 ⟹⋋=
𝟐

1
form 2x + y − 3 +⋌ (x + 3y − 4) ⟹ x + y − 3 + (x + 3y − 4) = 0
2

⟹ 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟐𝐲 − 𝟔 + 𝐱 + 𝟑𝐲 − 𝟒 = 𝟎

⟹ 𝟓𝐱 + 𝟓𝐲 − 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟎 ⟹ 𝐱 + 𝐲 − 𝟐 = 𝟎

Alternative
Let find intersection point of lines 2x + y = 3 and x + 3y = 4 by solving is (1,1). Consider equation
is y = mx + c but point (1,1) satisfied the equation y = mx + c ⟹ 1 = m + c … … … … i

y − intercept x = 0
is y = 0 + c ⟹ y = c is (0, c)
x − intercept y = 0is
c c
is 0 = mx + c ⟹ x = − m ⟹ (− m , 0)
c
but values of x and y intercepts are equal ⟹ c = − m ⟹ mc = −c ⟹= −1

hence slope(m) is −1
from y = m(x − x0 ) + y0 ⟹ y = −1(x − 1) + 1 = −x + 1 + 1 = −x + 2 ⟹ x + y − 2 = 0……. 3 marks
9.
π
cos x 1 π
a) Prove that ∫0 2 dx = 2 ( 2 − ln 2)
1+cos x+sin x
Proof
π π x x
cos x cos2 ( )−sin( )
Consider ∫0
2 dx = ∫0 2
x
3
x
2
x dx
1+cos x+sin x 2 cos2 ( )+2 sin( ) cos( )
3 2 2
nx nx nx nx
note 1 + cos ( 2 ) = 2 cos 2 ( 2 ) and sin(nx) = 2 sin ( 2 ) cos ( 2 )

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π x x π (cos(x)+sin(x))(cos(x)−sin(x))
cos2 ( )−sin( ) 1
3 2 2 2 2 2
=∫ 2
0 2 cos(x)(cos(x)+sin(x))
dx = 2 ∫ 0
2
x x x dx
cos( )(cos( )+sin( ))
2 2 2 2 2 2
π x x π π
1 2 (cos(2)−sin(2)) 1 x x
= ∫ x dx = 2 ∫02 (1 − tan (2)) dx = [x − −2 ln cos (2)] 2
2 0 cos( )
2 0
π
x 1 π π
= [x + 2 ln cos (2)] 2 = 2 ( 2 + 2 ln cos ( 4 )) − (0 + 2 ln cos(0))
0
1 π 1 π −1
= 2 (2 + 2 ln ( )) − (0 + 2 ln 1 = 2 + 2 ln(√2)
√2
1
1 π − π 1 1 π
= 2 (2 + 2 ln(2) 2 ) = 2 + 2 × (− 2) ln π = 2 (2 − ln 2) ………………………………………..…4 marks

3
b) Inetgate ∫ x 5 ex dx
3 3
= ∫ x 5 ex dx = ∫ x 2 x 3 ex dx
dt
let t = x 3 ⟹ dt = 3x 2 dx ⟹ dx = 3x2
3 dt 1
now ∫ x 3 ex x 2 dx = ∫ tet x 2 3x2 = 3 ∫ tet dt integration by parts ∫ udv = uv − ∫ vdu
let u = t ⟹ du = dt and dv = et dt ⟹ ∫ dv = ∫ et dt ⟹ v = et
1
so ∫ tet dt = 3 (tet − ∫ et dt) ⟹ ∫ tet dt = (tet + ∫ et dt) = (tet − et ) + c
3 3 3
but t = x 3 ⟹ ∫ x 3 ex dx = x 3 ex − ex + c …………………………. 3 marks

c) Find the whole area enclose by the curve y = sin x and a-axis from x = 0 to x = 2π

Solution
Consider digram below

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From the graph
π 2π π 2π
Total area are Area 1 + area 2 = |∫0 f(x) dx| + |∫π f(x) dx| = |∫0 sin x dx| + |∫π sin x dx|
π 2π
= |[−cos x] | − |[−cos x] | = |− cos π − − cos 0| +
0 π
|− cos 2π − − cos π| = 2 + 2 = 4 units square ………. 3 marks
10.
a) Differentiate xlnx from first principles.
Solution

f(x) = x ln x ⟹ f(x + h) = (x + h) ln(x + h)

dy (x+h) ln(x+h)−x ln x x ln(x+h+h ln(x+h))−x ln x
⟹ = lim ( ) = lim ( )
dx h→0 h h→0 h

(x ln(x+h)−x ln x)+h ln(x+h) x(ln(x+h)−ln x) h ln(x+h)

= lim ( ) = lim ( + )
h→0 h h→0 h h

x+h
x(ln(x+h)−ln x) h ln(x+h) x(ln( ))
x
= lim ( + ) = lim ( + ln(x + h))
h→0 h h h→0 h

1 h h2
= lim (x (x − 2x2 + 3x3 + ⋯ ) + ln(x + h))
h→0

1 1
= x (x + 0 … ) + ln(x + 0) = x × x + ln(x) = 1 + ln(x)…………………………. 3 marks

b)
sin2 xtan4 x dy
i. Given that y = (x2 +1)2 (ln x)3 , Find dx
Solution
sin2 xtan4 x
Consider y = (x2 +1)2 (ln x)3

Apply ln both side

sin2 xtan4 x
⟹ ln y = ln ((x2 +1)2 (ln x)3 ) = ln(sin2 xtan4 x) − ln((x 2 + 1)2 (ln x)3 )

= ln(sin2 x) + ln(tan4 x) − ln(x 2 + 1)2 − ln(ln x)

= 2 ln(sin x) + 4 ln(tan x) − 2 ln(x 2 + 1) − ln(ln x)
1 dy 2 cos x 4 sec2 x 2×2x 1 1 4 sec2 x 4x 1
⟹ = + − x2 +1 − x × ln x = 2 cot x + − x2 +1 − x ln x
y dx sin x tan x tan x

dy 4 sec2 x 4x 1
⟹ dx = y (2 cot x + − x2 +1 − x ln x)
tan x

sin2 xtan4 x 4 sec2 x 4x 1

= ((x2 +1)2 (ln x)3 ) (2 cot x + tan x
− x2 +1 − x ln x) ………………………..… 3 marks

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2 x
ii. Given F(x, y) = x ln y + ye show that Fxy = Fyx
Solution
∂F ∂F ∂2 y ∂2 F
Note Fx = ∂x , Fy = ∂y , = Fyx and ∂ydx = Fyx
∂xdy
Fx = 2x ln y + yex
2x
⟹ Fxy = y + ex
and
x2
Fy = + ex
y
2x
⟹ + ex
y
2x
Hence Fxy = Fyx = + ex …………………………………………………………… 2 marks
y

c) Find stationary point of curvef(x) = −ax 2 + bx + c.

b
For stationary point f ′ (x) = 0 given f(x) = −ax 2 + bx + c. ⟹ f ′ (x) = −2ax + b = 0 ⟹ x = 2a
b b 2 b b2 b2 −b2 +2b2 +4ac b2 +4ac
Now f(x) = −ax 2 + bx + c ⟹ f (2a) = −a (2a) + b (2a) + c = − 4a + 2a + c = =
4a 4a2
b b2 +4ac
stationary point (x, f(x)) = (2a , )…………………………………………… 2 marks
4a

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