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    1.7 Periodic Trends in Atomic Properties

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    Silver Abdulahi
    1. The document discusses periodic trends in atomic properties such as atomic radius, ionic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, and reactivity. 2. Atomic radius generally increases moving left to right within a period and increases moving down a group due to the addition of energy levels. Ionic radius is smaller for metal cations and larger for non-metal anions compared to their atomic radii. 3. Ionization energy generally increases moving left to right within a period and increases moving down a group due to the increased nuclear charge and shielding of inner electrons. Electron affinity also generally increases left to right within a period but decreases down a group due to the weaker effective nuclear charge.

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    1.7 Periodic Trends in Atomic Properties

    Uploaded by

    Silver Abdulahi
    462 views5 pages
    1. The document discusses periodic trends in atomic properties such as atomic radius, ionic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, and reactivity. 2. Atomic radius generally increases moving left to right within a period and increases moving down a group due to the addition of energy levels. Ionic radius is smaller for metal cations and larger for non-metal anions compared to their atomic radii. 3. Ionization energy generally increases moving left to right within a period and increases moving down a group due to the increased nuclear charge and shielding of inner electrons. Electron affinity also generally increases left to right within a period but decreases down a group due to the weaker effective nuclear charge.

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    1.7 Periodic Trends in Atomic Properties (1)

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    1. The document discusses periodic trends in atomic properties such as atomic radius, ionic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, and reactivity. 2. Atomic radius generally increases moving left to right within a period and increases moving down a group due to the addition of energy levels. Ionic radius is smaller for metal cations and larger for non-metal anions compared to their atomic radii. 3. Ionization energy generally increases moving left to right within a period and increases moving down a group due to the increased nuclear charge and shielding of inner electrons. Electron affinity also generally increases left to right within a period but decreases down a group due to the weaker effective nuclear charge.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    462 views5 pages

    1.7 Periodic Trends in Atomic Properties

    Uploaded by

    Silver Abdulahi
    1. The document discusses periodic trends in atomic properties such as atomic radius, ionic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, and reactivity. 2. Atomic radius generally increases moving left to right within a period and increases moving down a group due to the addition of energy levels. Ionic radius is smaller for metal cations and larger for non-metal anions compared to their atomic radii. 3. Ionization energy generally increases moving left to right within a period and increases moving down a group due to the increased nuclear charge and shielding of inner electrons. Electron affinity also generally increases left to right within a period but decreases down a group due to the weaker effective nuclear charge.

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    1.

    7 PERIODIC TRENDS IN ATOMIC PROPERTIES


    In order for one to understand the trends of the periodic table, they must understand effective nuclear charge. Effective nuclear charge is the attractive force that a nucleus has for electrons. ATOMIC RADIUS the size of an atom (the distance between the nucleus and valence electrons). The atomic radius of an atom is usually measured in picometres. Across a period: Atomic Radius from right to left. REASON: a proton is added in each element on the same energy level. This increases the positive charge of the nucleus, adding to the power of the nucleus to pull electrons inward. How about the electrons?

    Down a group: Atomic Radius as you move down the group. REASON: Each energy level is overlapped by another energy level for each period. For example, the second energy level is a greater distance from the nucleus than the first energy level. How about the electrons?

    Figure 1: Periodic trend of atomic radii. Atomic radii increases as you move towards the left and downwards in the periodic table.

    IONIC RADIUS the size of an ion (the distance between the nucleus of the ion and the valence electrons) For Metal Cations: Ionic Radius is for a metal ion than the atomic radius of the metal atom REASON: Consider what would happen if an alkali metal lost one electron. There would be more protons than electrons. The attractive force of the nucleus is greater and is shared between fewer electrons. For Non-metal Anions: Ionic Radius for a non-metal ion than the atomic radius of the non-metal atom REASON: Consider what would happen if a non-metal gained one electron. The charge of the nucleus is the same, but there is more repulsion among the electrons. The effective nuclear charge is shared between more electrons

    Figure 2: Periodic trend of ionic radii. Atomic radii increases as you move downwards in the periodic table.

    IONIZATION ENERGY the energy required to remove an electron from its outer shell Across a period: Ionization Energy from left to right across a period. REASON: Increased number of protons increases the energy needed to pull electrons away from the nucleus. More energy is needed for smaller atoms than larger ones. Down a group: Ionization Energy as you move down the group. REASON: (1) Distance from nucleus is greater (2) Inner electrons shield the attraction of the nucleus to the valence electrons

    Figure 3: A chart representing the periodic trend of ionization energy. Ionization energy increases as you move towards the right and downwards in the periodic table.

    ELECTRON AFFINITY energy change that occurs when an electron is added to a neutral atom ELECTRONEGATIVITY attraction of an atom for an electron within a chemical bond Across a period: Electron Affinity from left to right across a period, except for Noble Gases REASON: Increased number of protons within the same energy level causes increased attraction to the incoming electron Down a group: Electron Affinity moving down a group. REASON: Larger atom means nucleus is farther from the outer shell. Weaker effective nuclear charge attracts the incoming electron with a lower force.

    Figure 4: Various diagrams showing how the size of the atom affects its abilities to attract electrons.

    REACTIVITY ability of an atom to react Starting from the middle, reactivity moving outwards to the ends of the periodic table (except for Noble Gases) REASON: Moving outward, atoms need to give fewer electrons to achieve an octet On the metal side, reactivity moving down the group and right to left REASON: Large metals give up electrons easier, as they are farther away from nucleus On the non-metal side, reactivity moving up the group. REASON: Smaller non-metals hold the incoming electrons more strongly
    Figure 5: Reactivity of Metals

    Figure 6: Summary of Periodic Trends including atomic radius, electron affinity, ionization energy and reactivity of metals (metallic character) and reactivity of non-metals (non-metallic character)

    HOMEWORK: Read Pages 36-41 and do questions #1-9 on Page 41. Try Question 10.

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