Exponent Sheet

FIITJEE Probability

1. Suppose f(x) =x3 +ax2 + bx + c where a, b, c are chosen respectively by throwing a die three times, then
the probability that f(x) is an increasing function is
4 3 2 16
(A) (B) (C) (D)
9 8 5 34
2. Three different numbers are selected at random from the set A  1, 2,3,   ,10 . The probability that the
product of the two of the numbers is equal to the third is
3 1 1 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 8 40 5
Paragraph for Questions Nos. 3 to 5
There are M intermediate stations on a railway line from one terminus to another. A train is
to stop at three of these M stations.
3. The probability that all the three stations are consecutive.
6 6 6 6
(A) (B) (C) (D)
M(M  2) M(M  1) M(M  3) (M  1)(M  2)
4. The probability that at least two of the stations are consecutive.
(M  2)2 (M  1)(M  2) (M  1)2 (M  2)(M  3)
(A) (B) (C) (D)
MC3 MC3 MC3 MC3
5. The probability that no two of these stations are consecutive.
(M  2)(M  3) (M  3)(M  4) (M  3)(M  4) (M  3)(M  4)
(A) (B) (C) (D)
M(M  1) (M  1)(M  2) M(M  1) M(M  2)
Paragraph for Questions Nos. 6 to 8
There are four players A , A , A ,and A in Pool A and four players B ,B ,B andB in pool B. They are
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
arbitrarily paired in their respective pools to play against each other and one winner is decided in each pair to play
in semifinal. It is known that whenever A1 plays with A 2 , A1 wins the game and whenever B1 plays with B2 , B1
wins the game.
6. The probability that A1 and A 2 reach in the Semifinal is
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 6 3 2
7. The probability that A 2 and A 3 reach in the semifinal is
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 6 2 12
8 The probability that A1A 2 and B2 B3 reach in the semifinal are respectively.
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(A) , (B) , (C) , (D) ,
6 12 3 6 4 12 2 6
9. 64 players play in a knockout tournament. Assuming that all the players are of equal strength, the
probability that P1 loses to P2 and P2 becomes the eventual winner is
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
612 672 512 63.26
10. Team A plays with 5 other teams exactly once. Assuming that for each match the probabilities of a win,
draw and loss are equal, then
34
(A) The probability that A wins and loses equal number of matches is
81
17
(B) The probability that A wins and loses equal number of matches is
81
17
(C) The probability that A wins more number of matches than it loses is
81
16
(D) The probability that A loses more number of matches than it wins is
81
11. The probability that the fourth powers of a number ends in 1 is

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FIITJEE Probability

2 2 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 5 5 10
12. One Indian and four American men and their wives are to be seated randomly around a circular table. Then
the conditional probability that the Indian man is seated adjacent to his wife given that each American man
is seated adjacent to his wife is
1 1 2 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 3 5 5
13. The first twelve letters of the alphabet are written down at random. The probability that there are exactly 4
letters between A and B
2 7 4 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
11 66 11 11
14 A bag initially contains one red ball and two blue balls. An experiment consisting of selecting a ball at
random, noting its colour and replacing it together with an additional ball of the same colour. If three such
trials are made, then
(A) Probability that atleast one blue ball is drawn is 0.9
(B) Probability that exactly one blue ball is drawn is 0.2
(C) Probability that all the drawn balls are red given that all the drawn balls are of the same colour is 0.2
(D) Probability that atleast one red ball is drawn is 0.6
15 Ram and Shyam select two numbers from the set 1 to n. If the probability that Shyam selects a number
63
which is less than the number selected by Ram is then
128
(A) n is even (B) n is perfect square (C) n is a cube (D) none of these
16. There are n different gift coupons, each of which can occupy N N  n  different envelopes, with the same
1
probability
N
P1 : The probability that there will be one gift coupon in each of n definite envelopes of N given envelopes
P2 : The probability that there will be one gift coupon is each of n arbitary envelopes out of N given
envelopes. Then
n! N! Nn
(A) P1  P2 (B) P1  n (C) P2  n (D) P1 
N N N  n  ! n!
x
 1
17. A random variable x takes values 0, 1, 2, 3, . . . with probability proportions to then  x+1  
5
16 112 9
(A) p  x  0   (B) p  x  1  (C) p  x  1  (D) none of these
25 125 25
18. Let A and B are two candidates seeking admission in IIT. the probability that A is selected is 0.5 and the
probability that both A and B are selected is at most 0.3 then consider the following statements
Statement I:. The probability of B getting selected is 0.9
Statement II: If E1 and E2 are the events of A and B selected respectively, then
P E1  E2  = P E1  .P  E2  .

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19. Statement I: : If two numbers are drawn from the set {1,2, 3, …..n} (n > 1), then the probability that the
1
second drawn number is larger than first is .
2n
n  n  1
Statement II: The sample space will have elements out of which half of them will be favouring the
2
event described above.
20. Statement I: If A,B,C are mutually independent events then  A  B  and C are also independent
Because.
Statement II: If A, B, C are pair wise independent and if A is independent of B  C  , then A, B and C are
not mutually independent
Paragraph for Questions Nos. 21 to 23
A box contains n coins. Let P Ei  be the probability that exactly i out of n coins are biased. If P Ei  is
directly proportional to i  i  1 ; 1  i  n
21. Proportionality constant K is equal to
3 1 3 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2

n n 1  
n  1 n  2
2
 n  n  1 n  2   n  1n  2 n  3 
22. If P be the probability that a coin selected at random is biased then Lt P is
n
1 3 3 7
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 4 5 8
23. If a coin selected at random is found to be biased then the probability that it is the only biased coin in the
box is
1 12
(A) (B)
 n  1n  2 n  3 n  4  n  n  1 n  2  3n  1
24 24
(C) (D)
n  n  1 n  2  2n  1 n  n  1 n  2  3n  1
Paragraph for Questions Nos. 24 to 26
A JEE aspirant estimates that she will be successful with an 80% chance if she studies 10 hours per day,
with a 60% chance if she studies 7 hours per day and with a 40% chance if she studies 4 hours per day. She
further believes that she will study10 hours, 7 hours and 4 hours per day with probabilities 0.1, 0.2 and 0.7
respectively
24. The probability that she will be successful is
(A) 0.28 (B) 0.38 (C) 0.48 (D) 0.58
25. Given that she is successful, the probability she studied for 4 hours is
6 7 8 9
(A) (B) (C) (D)
12 12 12 12
26. Given that she does not achieve success the probability she studied for 4 hours is
18 19 20 21
(A) (B) (C) (D)
26 26 26 26
27. Words are formed using all letters of the words “CANARDS”. A word is selected from these words randomly.
What is the probability that this word contains neither the pattern “CAN” nor “RAD” is
127 25 121 123
A) B) C) D)
140 28 140 140
28. A bag contains 5 coins (either gold or silver) and any combination of coins is equally likely. A coin is drawn is
found to be gold coin. The probability that this is the only gold coin is
2 1 4 1
A) B) C) D)
15 15 15 3
29. An urn contains 10 slips on which numbers from 1 to 10 are written (one number for one slip). A slip is
selected at random and is replaced in the urn. Experiment is repeated 8 times. The probability that the
biggest obtained is

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8
 7  7 8  68
A)   Number on the slips  7 B) number on the slips = 7
 10  108
8
 6 
C)   Number on the slips  7 D) none
 10 
30. If A and B are two events, then the probability of exactly one of them occurs is
A) P(A) + P(B)  2P(A  B) B) P(A  B)  P(A  B)
   
C) P A  P B  2P A  B    
D) P A  B  P A  B  
31. A leap year is selected at random. In that year, the probability of getting
1 3
A) 53 Sundays and 53 Mondays is B) 53 Sundays or 53 Saturdays is
7 7
4 6
C) 53 Sundays or 53 Thursdays is D) 53 Sundays or 52 Mondays is
7 7
32. Let A and B are two candidates seeking admission in IIT. The probability that A is selected is 0.5 and the
probability that both A and B are selected is at most 0.3 then consider the following statements
Statement 1: The probability of B getting selected is 0.9
Statement 2: If E1 and E2 are the events of A and B selected respectively, then
P E1  E2  = P E1  .P  E2  .
Paragraph for Questions Nos. 33 to 35
A box contains ‘b’ red balls, ‘2b’ white balls and ‘3b’ blue balls where ‘b’ is a positive integer. 3 balls are
selected at random from the box.

33. If balls are drawn without replacement and ‘A’ denotes the event that “No two of the selected balls have the
same colour” if the selected balls have the same colour” then
A) there is no value of ‘b’ for which P(A) = 0.3
B) there is exactly one value of b for which P(A) = 0.3 and this value is less than 10
C) there is exactly one value of b for which P(A) = 0.3 and this value is greater than 10
D) there is more than one value of b for which P(A) = 0.3

34. If balls are drawn without replacement and B denotes the event that “no two of the 3 drawn balls are blue”
then
1 2 1 1
A) P(B)  if b = 1 B) P(B)  , if b = 2 C) P(B)  if b = 4 D) P(B)  b
3 3 4 2

35. The value of P  A / B  

3 3 1 2
A) B) C) D)
5 10 2 3
Paragraph for Questions Nos. 36 to 38
Die A has four red and two white faces. Die B has two red and four white faces. A coin is flipped once. If it
shows head the game continuous by throwing die A. If the coin shows tail die B is to be used.

36. The probability of getting a red face at any throw is

1 1 1 1
A) B) C) D)
2 3 4 5
37. If the first two throws resulted in red, then the probability of getting red face at the third throw is
1 3 2 4
A) B) C) D)
5 5 5 5

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38. If red turns at the first n throws, then the probability that die A is being used, is

1 2 2n
A) B) C) D) None of these
1  2n 1  2n 1  2n
39. If A and B are two independent events such that P(AB) = 2/15 and P(AB) = 1/6, then P(B) is
(A) 1/5 (B) 1/6
(C) 4/5 (D) 5/6
40. An unbaised coin is tossed. If the result is a head, a pair of unbaised dice is rolled and the number obtained
by adding the numbers on the two faces is noted. If the result is a tail, a card from a well shuffled pack of
eleven cards numbered 2, 3, 3, 4, . . . . 12 is picked and the number on the card is noted. The probability
P
that the noted number is either 7 or 8 is then find P.
792
Paragraph [Questions 41 to 43]
If F is the set of all onto functions from A  a ,a ,....,a
1 2 n 
to B  x, y, z where n  3 and f  F is chosen
randomly.
41. The number of onto functions from A to B is
(A) 3n  3.2n  3 (B) 3n  3.2n  3 (C) 3n  3.2n  3 (D) 3n  3.2n  2
42. Probability that the number of onto functions be such that ' x ' has exactly two pre images is

(A)
  
n n  1 2n  3  1  n n  1 2n  3  1
(B)
   
3n  3.2n  3 3n  3.2n  3

(C)

n  n  1 2n  3  1  (D)

n  n  1 2n  3  1 
3n  3.2n  3 3n  3.2n  2
43. Probability that the number of onto functions be such that y has exactly one pre image is

(A)

n 2n  1  2  (B)

n 2n  1  2
(C)
 
n 2n  1  2  (D) n 2n  1  2
3n  3.2n  3 3n  3.2n  3 3n  3.2n  3 3n  3.2n  2
44. If war breaks out on the average once in 25 years. The probability, that in 100 years at a stretch there will be
no war is ______
100 100 100 100
 1   24   1   24 
(A)   (B)   (C) 1    (D) 1   
 25   25   25   25 
45. What is the probability of having 53 Thursdays in a leap year ?
46. An integer is chosen at random from the first 200 positive integers. Find the probability that it is divisible by
6 or 8.
47. Two cards are drawn successively (without replacement) from a well-shuffled pack of playing cards. Find
the probability distribution of number of spades.

Passage IV (48 to 50) :If 25 identical things be distributed among five persons. Then
48. The number of ways each receives at least one
(A) 24 C4  5 (B) 24 C4  5 13 C4 (C) 25 C4  5 13 C4 (D) 25 C4
49. The number of ways each receives odd number of things
(A) 14 C4 (B) 15 C4 (C) 16 C4 (D) 17 C4
50. The number of ways each receives at least one thing but not more than eleven
(A) 24 C4  5. 12 C4 (B) 24 C4  5 (C) 24 C4  5. 13 C4 (D) 24 C4  5. 12 C 4

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51. A factory has three machines x, y and z producing 1000, 2000 and 3000 bolts per day respectively. The
machine x and y produces 1% and 1.5% respectively and z produced 2% defective bolts, y produces end of a
day, a bolt is drawn at random and is found defective. What is the probability that this defective bolt has been
produced by the machine x?
52. Tickets numbered from 1 to 25 are mixed up together thoroughly and then a ticket is drawn at random. Find
the probability that the ticket drawn bears:
i) An odd number
ii) A multiple of 3 or 7
OR
Two dice are thrown simultaneously. Find the probability of getting:
i) A total of 10 ii) A multiple of 3 as the sum.
53. Three numbers are selected from the set {1,2,3…10} . The probability that all the selected numbers are
consecutive or none of them are consecutive is equal to.
7 8 1 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
15 15 2 3
54. When a missile is fired from a ship, the probability that its is intercepted is 1/3. The probability that the
missile hits the target, given that it is not intercepted is 3/4. If three missiles are fired independently from the
ship the probability that all three hits their targets, is
(A) 1/12 (B) 1/8 (C) 3/8 (D) ¾
55. Three balls marked 1, 2 and 3 are placed in an urn. One ball is drawn, its number is recorded, then the ball
is returned to the urn. This process is repeated and then repeated once more, and each ball is equally likely
to be drawn on each occasion If the sum of the numbers recorded is 6, the probability that the ball
numbered 2 was drawn at all the three occasions , is
(A) 1/27 (B) 1/7 (C) 1/6 (D)1/3
56. 40 teams play a tournament. Each team plays every other team just once. Each game results in a win for
one team. If each team has a 50% chance of winning each game, the probability that at the end of the
tournament every team has won a different number of games is
40! 40!
(A) 1/780 (B) 780 (C) 780 (D) None of these
2 3
57. The letters of the word PROBABILITY are written down at random in row. Let E1 denotes the event that two
I’s are together and E2 denotes the event that two B’s are together, then
3 2
(A) P E1   P(E2 )  (B) P E1  E2  
11 55
18 1
(C) P E1  E2   (D) P E1 / E2  
55 5
58. Contents of the two urns is as given in this table. A fair die is tossed. If the face 1,2,4 or 5 comes, a marble
is drawn from the urn A other wise a marble is chosen from the urn B.
Urn Red Marbles White marbles Blue marbles
A 5 3 8
B 3 5 0
Let E1 : Denote the event that a red marble is chosen
E2 : Denote the event that a white marble is chosen
E3 : Denote the event that a blue is chosen
Then
(A) The event E1,E2 and E3 are equiprobable (B) P E1  ,P E2  ,P  E3  are in A.P
1
(C) If the marble drawn is red, the probability that it came from the urn A is
2
3
(D) If the marble drawn is white, the probability that the face 5 appeared on the die is
32
1 1
59. If E1, E2 are two events such that P E1   ,P  E2 / E1   1/ 2 and P E1 / E2   then
4 4
(A) E1 and E2 are independent (B) E1 and E2 are exhaustive

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(C) E2 is twice as likely to occur as E1 (D)Probabilities of the events E1  E2 , E1,E2 are in G.P
60. A coin tossed repeatedly . A and B call alternately for winning a prize of R.30 One who calls correctly first
wins the prize. A starts the call . Then the expectation of
(A) A is Rs. 10 (B) B is Rs .10 (C) A is Rs. 20 (D) B is Rs.20
5
 4 1
61 In a binomial distribution   
5 5
Column-I Column-2
A) Mean is p) 4/5
B) Variance is q) 32/625
C) Standard deviation is r) 30/625
2
D) P(x=3) is s)
5
T.1
62 Let A and B are two independent events such that P(A) = 1/3 and P(B) = 1/ 4. Now match the entries from
the following two columns.
Column-I Column-2
A) P  A  B  is equal to P. 1/12
B) P  A / A  B  is equal to Q. 1 /2


C) P B / A  B 1
 is equal to
1
R. 2 /3

D) P  A / B  is equal to
1
S. 0
T. 1
63. The contents of three Urns w.r.t the Red, White and Green balls is as shown in the table given
Urn R W G
I 2 3 1
II 3 2 1
III 3 1 2
A coin when tossed is twice as likely to come heads as compared to tails. Such a coin is tossed two times,
If one head , one tail present then 3 balls are drawn simultaneously from the Urn-I, If head appears on
both the occasions then 3 balls are drawn in a similar manner from Urn – II and if no head appears in both
the tosses then 3 balls from the Urn-III are drawn in the same manner .
The probability that 3 drawn balls are 1 each of different colours is P/10 , then P =
64. There are four players, A1, A2, A3 and A4 in pool A and four players B1, B2, B3 and B4 in pool B. They are
arbitrarily paired in their respective pools to play against each other and one winner is decided in each pair
to play in semifinal. It is known that whenever A1, plays with A2, A1 wins the game and whenever B1 plays
with B2, B1 wins the game, the probabilities that A1 A2 , B2 B3
reach in the semifinal are K1 and K2 respectively then K1/K2 =
65 Suppose A and B shoot independently until each hits his target. They have probabilities 3/5 and 5/7 of
hitting the targets at each shot. The probability that B will require more shots than A is K1/31, then K1=
66 A box contains 24 balls of which 12 are black and 12 are white. The balls are drawn at random from the box
th th
one at a time with replacement . The probability that a white ball is drawn for the 4 time on the 7 draw is
K/32 , then K=
67 Three tangents are drawn at random to a given circle. The odds against the circle being inscribed in the
triangle formed by them is K to 1 , then K =
68 Two number x and y are chosen at random without replacement , from amongst the numbers 1,2,3,……3n .
3 3
The probability that x +y divisible by 3 is 1/P, then P =
69 A die is rolled three times, the probability of getting a large number than the previous number is K/54 then
K=
70 If A and B throw a die each. The probability that A’ s throw is not greater than B’s throw is K/12, then K=
71. A man alternately tosses a coin and a dice beginning with the coin. The probability that he gets a head in
the coin before he gets a 5 or 6 in the dice is
(A) 3/4 (B) 1/2 (C) 1/3 (D) None of these
72 You are given a box with 20 cards in it. 10 cards of this have the letter I printed on them. The other ten
have the letter T printed on them. If you pick up 3 cards at random and keep them in the same order , the
probability of making the word IIT is

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(A) 9/80 (B) 1/8 (C) 4/27 (D) 5/38

73. In a game called ‘odd man out’, 4 persons toss a coin to decide who will buy refreshments for the entire
group. A person who gets an outcome different from that of the rest of the members of the group is called
the odd man out. The probability that there is loser in any game is
(A) 1/3 (B) 1/4 (C) 1/2 (D) None of these
74. A bag contains 3 black and 2 red balls. One by one 3 balls are drawn from the bag without replacement.
The probability that the third ball is red, is
(A) 1/4 (B) 2/5 (C)3/5 (D) 1/3
75. Seven chits are numbered 1 to 7. Four chits are drawn one by one with replacements. The probability that
the least number on any selected chit is 5, is
4
3
(A) 1   2 / 7  (B) 4.  2 / 7 
4 4
(C)   (D) None of these
7
76. A box contains 100 tickets numbered 1 to 100 . Two tickets are chosen at random .It is given that the
maximum number on them is not more than 10, the minimum is 5 with probability
(A) 4/45 (B) 1/9 (C) 8/45 (D)1/18
77. An urn contains 2 white and 2 black balls. A ball is drawn at random. If it is white it is not replaced,
otherwise it is replaced along with another ball of the same colour. The process is repeated. The probability
that the third ball drawn is black, is
(A) 11/15 (B) 23/30 (C) 22/25 (D) None of these
78. Five horses are in a race. Mr. A selects two of the horses at random and bets on them. The probability that
Mr. A selected the winning horse is
(A) 3/5 (B) 1/5 (C) 2/5 (D) 4/5
79. If A and B are two events such that P B   1,B denotes the event complementary to B, then
c

P  A   p  A  B

(A) P A / BC   1  P B 
(B) P  A  B   P  A   P  B   1

 Ac 
 
(C) P  A   p  A / B  according as P A / Bc  P  A  (D) P A / Bc  P  c
B    1
 
80. For any two events A and B
(A) P  A  B   P  A   P B   1 (B) P  A  B   P  A   P B 
(C) P  A  B   P  A   P B   P  A  B  (D) P  A  B   P  A   P B   P  A  B 
KEY
1. A 2. C 3 B 4 A
5 C 6 B 7 D 8 A
9. B 10. B 11. B 12. C
13. B 14 A,B,C,D 15. A,B,C 16. B,C
17. A 18 D 19 D 20 C
21 C 22 B 23 D 24 C
25 B 26 D 27. A 28 B
29. A,B 30 A,B,C,D 31. A,B,C,D 32 D
33 B 34 D 35 A 36 A
37 B 38 C 39. B,C 40. 193
41 B 42 B 43 B 44. B
53 B 54. B 55. B 56. B
57. B 58. A 59. C,D 60. B,C
63. 3 64. 2 65. 6 66. 5
67. 2 68. 3 70. 7 71. A
72. D 73. C 75. C 76. B
77. B 78. C

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FIITJEE Probability

SOLUTIONS
1 f '  x   3x  2ax  b
2

f '  x   0, x discriminiant, (2a)2– 4 x3 x  2a   4  3  b  0  a2  3b  0

2

This is true for exactly 16 ordered pairs (a, b) namely (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1,4), (1, 5) (1, 6), (2, 2) (2, 3), (2,
4, (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 3) (3, 4), (3,5) , (3, 6) and (4, 6)
16 4
Thus, required probability = =
36 9
2 E  (10,5, 2) (8, 2, 4) (6, 2,3)
n(s)  10C3
3 1
P(E)  
10C3 40
3 No.of ways choosing three stations out of M is MC .
3
No.of triplets of consecutive stations viz
s1s2 s3 , s2 s3 s4 ,   sM2 sM1sM is (M  2)
p  M  2 / Mc 3
4. Total no.of consecutive pair of stations viz
s1s2 , s2 s3 ,   sM1sM is (M  1)
Each of the above pair associated with a third station in (M-2) ways. Choosing a pair of stations
and any third station can be done in (M-1) (M-2) ways. No.of ways in which three stations can be chosen
so that at least two of then are consecutive = (M  1)(M  2)  (M  2)  (M  2)2
p  (M  2)2 / MC3
5. No.of ways the train can stop so that no two stations are consecutive = mc  (m  2)2  m  2c
3 3
m  2c 3
p
mc 3
6-8.
In pool A pairing may be done in the following ways
1. A A and A A
1 2 3 4
2. A A and A A
1 3 2 4
3. A A and A A
1 4 2 3
Outcomes of different ways are

Way -1 A A A A
1 3 1 4
Way-2 A A A A A A A A
1 2 1 4 2 3 3 4
Way-3 A A A A A A A A
1 2 1 3 2 4 3 4

1 1 1 1
6. The probability that A1A 2 reach the semifinal  0   
3  4 4 6
1 1 1
7 The probability that A A reach the semifinal   
2 3 3 4 12
1 1 1
8. The probability that A1A 2 and B2 B3 reach the semifinal   
6 12 72
 1 
 Pr obability of B2B3 is same as A 2 A 3 Which is 12 
 

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 Exponent Sheet
FIITJEE Probability

62
c5 1 1
9 63
. 
c6 64 672
10 Prob.of equal no. of W and L = 0 wins, 0 losses + 1W, 1L + 2W,
5 5 5
 1  1  1 17
2L =    5 c1. 4 c1.    5 c 2 . 3 c 2 .   
3 3 3 81
11 The fourth power of a number ends with 1 if the last digit is 1, 3, 7, 9
 required probability = 4/10 = 2/5
4
c1 4 2
12 4 4
 
c 2  c1 10 5
m 2!  7  10! 7
13 P 
n (12)! 66
14 Prob. That atleast one blue ball is drawn
= 1- prob that all the balls drawn are red.
1 1 3 1
= 1 . .  1  0.9
3 2 5 10
Prob. That exactly one blue ball is drawn
1 1 2 2 1 2
= . .  . .  0.2
3 2 5 3 4 5
1
10 1
Prob. that all drawn balls are red given that all the drawn balls of the same colour    0.2
1 4 5

10 10
2 3 4
Prob.that atleast one red ball is drawn  1   . .  = 0.6
3 4 5
1 2
2

n n
63 
15 
n2 128
1 1
1  1
n 64
N
n! c n .n!
16 P1  n
and P2 
N Nn
 1
x    1  1
2
 1
3 
17 We have, P  X  x    x  1   since,
5
 P  X  x   1  k 1  2    3    4    . . .    1
5 5 5
x 0  
16
k
25
0
 1 16
a) P  X  0   k  0  1    k 
5 25
b) P  X  1  P  X  0   P(X  1)
c) P  X  1  1  P  X  0   1  k
18 Given P E1  E2   0.3
 P E1  .P E2   0.3
 P  0.5  P E2   0.3
 0.3 
 P  E2  
 0.5 

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 Exponent Sheet
FIITJEE Probability

 P E2   0.6
P E2   0.9
19. Statement 1 is false and statement 2 is true.
1
prob 
2
20 Statement 1 is true and statement 2 is false.
21. P Ei   Ki i  1
 P  E1   P E2   ......  P En   1
n
K  i i  1  1
i1

1 n n  1  3
K  n  n  1 2n  1   1 K 
 6 2  n  n  1 n  2 

n
22. P E    P E  .P E / E 
i 1
i i

 i 
i k
 Ki  i  1 .  3
 i2
n n i 1
 n n  1 2 

K    1
  n  n  1 2n  1 
n  2  6 
  
 3n  1n  2 

4n  n  2 
Lt p
3
 =
n 4
1
P E1  P E / E1  K 2
n 24
23. P E1 / E   = 
P E   3n  1 n  2  n  n  1n  2 3n  1
4n  n  2 
24-26
A : She get a success
T : She studies 10 hrs : P (T) = 0.1
S : She studies 7 hrs : P (S) = 0.2
F : She studies 4 hrs : P (F) = 0.7
T S
A
F

P(A/T)= 0.8; P(A/S)= 0.6; P(A/F)= 0.4

Now, P(A)= P  A  T  + P  A  S  + P  A  F 
= P(T) .P(A/T)+ P(S).P(A/S)+ P(F).P(A/F)
= (0.1)(0.8)+(0.2) (0.6) + (0.7)(0.4)
= 0.08+0.12 + 0.28 = 0.48
P F  A   0.7  0.4  0.28 7
P(F/A) =   
P A 0.48 0.48 12

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 Exponent Sheet
FIITJEE Probability


P FA   P  F   P F  A 

P F/ A =  P A  0.52

 0.7   0.28
0.42 21
  
0.52 0.52 26
27 There are 7 letters
7!
Total number of words without restriction
2!
Number of words containing CAN  5!
“ “ RAD  5!
“ “ both  3!
Total number of words neither containing CAN nor RAD
7!
  2.5! 3!
127
prob  2 
7! 140
2
28.
E0  5 silver coin 0 gold coin
E1  4 silver coin 1 gold coin
E2  3 silver coin 2 gold coin
G  the drawn coin is gold
E3  2 silver coin 3 gold coin
E4  1 silver coin 4gold coin
E5  0 silver coin 5 gold coin
p  G / E1  .p E1  1
p  E1 / G   5

15
 p G / E  .p E 
i0
i 1

29
Number of sample space  10
n E   1, 2,3,.....,7  7
7
p E  
10
Now p (the greatest obtained numbers is less than to 7, when experiment is repeated
8
 7 
8 times)  
 10 
P (The greatest number obtained is less than or equal to 6, when experiment is repeated
8 8
 7   6 
8 times)      
10
   10 
33 TO 35 PARAGRAPH:
Bag contains 1) ‘b’ red balls,
2) ‘2b’ white balls
3) ‘3b’ blue balls
b
C1.2b C1.3b C1 6b3 .6
33) P(A) = P(all different colour) = 
6b
C3 6b(6b  1)(6b  2)
6b2 3b2 3
P(A)     8b2  9b  1  0  b = 1.
(6b  1)(6b  2) (6b  1)(3b  1) 10

34) P(B) = P(no two of three are blue) = 1  P(BBB or BB and one R or W)

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FIITJEE Probability

 3b C3 3b C2 3b C1   3b(3b  1)(3b  2) 3b(3b  1)3b.6 

P(B) = 1      1   
 6b C 6b
C   6b(6b  1)(6b  2) 2.6b(6b  1)(6b  2) 
 3 3 
1
= hence P(B) is independent b
2

P  A  B
P(A) 3 2 3
35) P(A/B) =   . 
P(B) P(B) 10 1 5
36 TO 38 PARAGRAPH:
36) A1 : head appears on the coin (Die A is used)
A2 : tail appears on the coin (Die B is used)
E1 : dice shows red colour
1 2 1 1 1
P(red face is obtained) = P(A1 ).P(E1 / A1 )  P(A 2 ).P(E1 / A 2 )  .  . 
2 3 2 3 2

37) Let F : third dice thrown shows red colour

E2 : red face appear in first two throws

P(F / E2 ) 
  
P(A1 ).P(E2 / A1 ).P F /  A1  E2   P(A 2 ).P(E2 / A 2 ).P F /  A 2  E2  
P(A1 ).P(E2 / A1 )  P(A 2 ).P(E2 / A 2 )
2 2
1 4 4 12 2
     
2 6 6 26 6 3
= 2 2

14 14 5
  
2  6  26

38) E3 : Red turns at the first n throws

n
12
P(A1  E3 ) P(A1 ).P(E3 / A1 ) 2  3  2n
P  A 1 / E3    = =
P(E3 ) P(A1 ).P(E3 / A1 )  P(A 2 )P(E3 / A 2 ) 12
n
1 1
n
1  2n
  
2  3  23
39 Since A and B are independent,
2
= P(AB) = P(A) P(B) = [1 – P(A)] P(B) ...(1)
15
1
and = P(AB) = P(A) P(B) = P(A) [1 – P(B)] ... (2)
16
Subtracting (2) from (1), we get
P(A) – P(B) = 1/30 or P(A) = P(B) + 1/30
Put this value in (2), we get
[P(B) + 1/30] [1 – P(B)] = 1/6
2
 30[P (B)] – 29 P(B) + 4 = 0
 P(B) = 1/6, 4/5
40 Let E1 = the toss result in a head
E2 = the toss result in a tail
A = noted number is 7 or 8
 P(A) = P(E1) . P(A/E1) + P(E2) . P(A/E2)
1 11 1 2 193
=    
2 36 2 11 792
P 193
 
792 792
 P = 193.
[Questions 41 to 43]

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FIITJEE Probability

41. Total no of onto functions from set A to set B where set A ontain m elements and set B contains n

 m
2
m
  
elements is nm  n C  n  1 n C n  2  ....... . Here , 3n  3 C 2n 3 C  3n  3.2n  3 .
1 1 2

42. We want x to have exactly 2 pre images. These two pre images can be selected in n C ways . After
2


having done  n  2  elements can be mapped to 2 elements such that the mapping is onto is 2n  2  2 . 
 Total no of onto functions required n C
2 2n  2  2 .
43. We want y to have exactly 1 pre image. This one pre image can be any one of n elements. Now  n  1

 
elements can be mapped to 2 elements such that the mapping is onto is 2n  1  2 .  Total no. of onto


functions  n 2n  1  2 . 
100
1 24  24 
44 Probability of war in year = ;  No war in the year = ;  No war in 100 year =  
25 25  25 
45 In a leap year, there are 366 days,
i.e., 52 weeks and 2 days.
These extra 2 days can be
(sun – mon), (mon – tue), (tue – wed), (wed – thrus), (thus – fri), (fri – sat), (sat – sun)
Out of these 7 combinations, 2 have Thursdays.
2
So, the required probability is .
7
52. There are 25 tickets out of which one ticket can be drawn in 25 ways.
 Total number of elementary events = 25.
i) From the numbers 1 to 25, there are 13 odd numbers, namely, 1, 3, 5, … 25. Out of these 13 odd
numbered tickets, one ticket can be drawn in 13 ways.
 Favourable number of elementary events = 13.
13
 P (Getting an odd numbered card) = .
25
ii) From the numbers 1 to 25, there are eight multiples of 3, namely, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 and there are
three multiples of 7, namely, 7, 14, 21. The number 21 is the multiple of 3 and 7 both. Thus, a ticket
bearing a multiple of 3 or 7 can be drawn in 8 + 3 – 1 = 10 ways.
 Favourable number of elementary events = 10.
 P (getting a multiple of 3 or 7)
10 2
= =
25 5
53. Three numbers consecutive  10  3  1  8
None of them consecutive  8C3  56
64
P E  
10C3
54 E1 = Event that the missile is intercepted
E = Event that the missile hits the target.
  
 P(E) = P E1  .P  E / E1   P E1 .P E / E1 
1 2 3 1
 0 . 
3 3 4 2
3
 1
Required probability =    1/ 8
2
55 1 2 3 = 3! = 6

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FIITJEE Probability

222=1=1  P E   1/ 7
56 Team totals must be 0, 1, 2, 3, ………., 39.
Total games = 40C2 = 780, and each game will have two possibilities (W, L)
40!
 P E   780
2
57 P E1   P E2   2 / 11
2
P E1  E2  = Probability that two I’s and 2 B’s come together =
55
58.
Urn Red White Blue
Marbles marbles marbles
A 5 3 8
B 3 5 0

 2   5   1   3  10 6 1
P E1   P R              
3 16
      3 8 48 48 3
 2  3   1 5  6 10 1
P  E2   P  W              
 3   16   3   8  48 48 3
 2 8  1
P E3   P B       
 3   16  3
(C) Let A : event that urn A is chose
 2 5 
P  A  R   3   16   10  5
P  A / R      3   8   C  is incorrect
P R  1  48 
3
 2  3 
P  A  W   3   16   6  3
(D) P  A / W      3  8
P W  1  48 
3
 3  1 3
P  face five / W         D  is correct]
8
   4 32
 E  P E1  E2 
59 P 2  
 E1  P E1 
P E1  E2   1/ 8
P E1  E2 
P E1 / E2  
P  E2 
1 1 1
 / P  E 2   P  E2  
4 8 2
60 Probability of A’s winning
1 1 1
  3  5  ...........  2 / 3
2 2 2
 P B   1/ 3
 Expectation of A = Rs. 30 x 2/3 = 20/-
And expectation of B = Rs.10/-
63 P(H) = 2/3, P(T) = 1/3

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FIITJEE Probability

4
P(HT or TH) =
9
4
P(HH) = : P(TT) = 1/9
9
2
C1.3 C1.1 C1  4 4  
Required Probability  6  9  9  9   0.3
C3  
64 In pool A, pairing may be done as follows
Way (1): A1A2 and A3A4
Way (2): A1A3 and A2A4
Way (3): A1A4 and A2A3 and
Out comes of different ways are
W – 1: A1A3 A1A4
W – 2: A1A2 A1A4 A3A2 A3A4
W – 3: A1A2 A1A3 A4A2 A4A3
1 1 1 1
 Probability that A1A2 reach the semifinal   0    
3 4 4 6
1
Probability that B2B3 reach semifinal =
12
65 Let X = no. of times A shoots at the target to hit it for the first time.
Y = no. of times B shoots at the target to hit it for the first time.
m 1
2 3
P(X = m) =   .
5 5
n1  
2 5 6
P(Y = n) =   .
7
  7
P  Y  X 
m 1 nm 1
 
P  X  m  ,P  Y  n  
31
th
66 Required probability = Probability of drawing of 3 W & 3 B balls in first ‘6’ draws and a white ball in 7 draw.
1 5
6 C3 . 7 
2 32

67
2 1
P E   
6 3;
P E 
2
3

 odds against = 2 : 1
n2  n C 2 1
68 P E   3n

C2 3
69. Let the second number be ‘x’ (where 1 < x < 6)
Then first number can be chosen in (x - 1) ways and third in (6 - x) ways
5
 favourable cases =   x  1 6  x   20
x 2
70 If A gets 1, then B’s chances are 1,2,…….6 = 6
If A gets 2, then B’s chances are 2,3,……... = 5
21
Similarly so on up to 6 = 6 P E  
36 
1  1 2 1  1 2  1 2 1
71 Probability    .  .   .  .  .  
2 2 3 2 2 3 2 32
1  1
2
st nd rd 1  1 1 3
1 toss 2 toss 3 toss   1      ........   . 
2 3 3  2 1  1/ 3 4
 
10 9 10
C1 C1 C1 10 9 10 5
72  20
 19
. 18  . . 
C1 C1 C1 20 19 18 38

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 Exponent Sheet
FIITJEE Probability

4
73 Let A denote the event that there is an odd man out in a game Total no. of cases = 2 = 16
The no. of ways in which there is only one head (or tail) and rest tails (or heads) is 4 C1  4
44 1
 PA  
16 2
75 P (5 or 6 or 7) in one draw = 3/7
4
 Probability that in each of 4 draws. The chits bear 5 or 6 or 7 =  3 / 7 
76 The two numbers with maximum  10 are
(1, 2) (1,3) (1,4) ………. (1, 10)
(2, 3) (2, 4) …….. ..(2, 10)
(3, 4) ……… (3, 10)
,, ,,
,, ,,
(9, 10)
1 +2 + 3 + ………. +9 = 45 number pairs of these (5, 6) (5, 7) (5, 8) (5, 9) (5, 10) have minimum 5
1
The desired probability 
9
2 1 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 4 23
77 P(WWB) + P(WBB) + P(BWB) + P (BBB)  . .  . .  . .  . . 
4 3 2 4 3 4 4 5 4 4 5 6 30
78 Out of 5 horses only one is the winning horse.
4 3
The probability that Mr. A selected the losing horse 
5 4
4 3 20  12 8 2
The probability that Mr. A selected the winning horse  1  .   
5 4 20 20 5

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