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D and f block

The document provides an overview of transition elements, focusing on their standard electrode potentials and significance in electrochemical reactions. It explains the definitions, properties, and factors affecting electrode potentials, as well as trends across periods and groups in the periodic table. Additionally, it highlights the applications of these potentials in redox reactions, electrochemical cells, and other areas of chemistry.

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17 views13 pages

D and f block

The document provides an overview of transition elements, focusing on their standard electrode potentials and significance in electrochemical reactions. It explains the definitions, properties, and factors affecting electrode potentials, as well as trends across periods and groups in the periodic table. Additionally, it highlights the applications of these potentials in redox reactions, electrochemical cells, and other areas of chemistry.

Uploaded by

aadityapsinghal123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Class 12

D and F-Block
Elements
Standard Electrode Potentials Of Transition Elements
Presented by Simaran Parween
OVERVIEW
⚬ Brief introduction to transition elements in the Periodic Table.

⚬ Definition of standard electrode potential (E°).

⚬ Importance of studying electrode potentials in transition metals.


INTRODUCTION
⚬ Definition of Transition Elements
⚬ Transition elements are those elements that have partially
filled d-orbitals.
⚬ Found in d-block of the periodic table.
⚬ Importance of Standard Electrode Potentials
⚬ Standard electrode potential helps determine the ease of
oxidation or reduction of an element in an electrochemical
reaction.
⚬ It indicates the tendency of a metal to lose electrons.
TRANSITION ELEMENTS:
D AND F BLOCK
⚬ D-Block Elements: Elements in the 3d, 4d,
and 5d series (e.g., Ti, Fe, Cu, Ag).
⚬ F-Block Elements: Lanthanides and
Actinides (e.g., La, Ce, U, Th).
⚬ Properties of Transition Elements:
⚬ Variable oxidation states.
⚬ Formation of complex ions.
⚬ High melting points and good conductivity.
WHAT IS STANDARD ELECTRODE
POTENTIAL (E°)?
⚬ The standard electrode potential is the voltage (in volts) that represents the
tendency of a half-reaction to occur as a reduction at a standard electrode,
typically referenced against the Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE).
⚬ Standard Conditions:
⚬ 1 M concentration for ions.
⚬ 1 atm pressure for gases.
⚬ 25°C temperature.
FACTORS AFFECTING STANDARD
ELECTRODE POTENTIAL
⚬ Oxidation State: Higher oxidation states generally have more
negative electrode potentials.

⚬ Atomic Radius: Smaller radii of ions tend to have higher


reduction potentials.
⚬ Electron Configuration: Fully filled or half-filled d-orbitals are
more stable and affect the E° values.
TRENDS IN STANDARD ELECTRODE
POTENTIALS OF TRANSITION ELEMENTS
Across a Period:
⚬ Electrode potential generally becomes more
negative from left to right in the d-block due
to the increasing nuclear charge and greater
tendency to lose electrons.
Down a Group:
⚬ Electrode potential becomes more negative
as the atomic size increases and the ability
to lose electrons enhances.
EXAMPLE OF STANDARD ELECTRODE
POTENTIALS
⚬ Iron (Fe):
Fe²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Fe (E° = -0.44 V)
Fe³⁺ + e⁻ → Fe²⁺ (E° = +0.77
⚬ Copper (Cu):
Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Cu (E° = +0.34 V)
⚬ Manganese (Mn):
Mn²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Mn (E° = -1.18 V)
SIGNIFICANCE OF STANDARD ELECTRODE
POTENTIALS
Prediction of Redox Reactions:
Positive E° values indicate that the species are more likely to gain
electrons (reduction).
Negative E° values indicate a tendency to lose electrons (oxidation).

Stability of Transition Metal Complexes:


Electrode potentials help predict the formation and stability of
transition metal complexes.
APPLICATION OF ELECTRODE POTENTIALS
IN TRANSITION METAL CHEMISTRY
⚬ Redox Reactions: Predicts the ease of oxidation and reduction between
various oxidation states of transition metals.
⚬ Electrochemical Cells: Governs voltage and efficiency in batteries (e.g.,
Ni-Cd, lithium-ion) and galvanic cells.
⚬ Corrosion: Helps understand and prevent metal corrosion by comparing
electrode potentials (e.g., iron vs. zinc).
⚬ Catalysis: Explains transition metal catalysis due to their ability to change
oxidation states easily.
⚬ Electroplating: Determines metal deposition in electroplating processes
(e.g., copper, gold).
COMPARISON BETWEEN D-BLOCK
AND F-BLOCK ELEMENTS
⚬ D-Block Electrode Potentials:
⚬ F-Block Electrode Potentials:
⚬ Transition elements show a range of
⚬ Lanthanides and actinides generally
electrode potentials due to varying exhibit lower (more negative) electrode
oxidation states. potentials due to the involvement of 4f
⚬ Elements like Cu and Ag have relatively and 5f orbitals.
high (positive) electrode potentials.
CONCLUSION
⚬ Summary:
⚬ Transition elements, with their variable oxidation states, show
diverse standard electrode potentials.
⚬ These values are crucial for understanding redox reactions and
applications in electrochemistry and metallurgy.
⚬ Importance in Real-World Chemistry:
⚬ Helps in understanding corrosion, metal extraction, and battery
technology.
Thank You
For your attention

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