_______ is a part of a syllable and is made up of one or

more consonants preceding the nucleus.

An onset
_______ is a part of a syllable and is made up of one or
more consonants following the nucleus.

A coda
 A single vowel in isolation is called a/an _____.

A. minimum syllable B. consonant cluster

C. onset D. coda
The intonation of a list usually has a _______tone on each
item except the last, which usually has a _______.

A. fall / rise B. rise / fall

C. rise / rise D. fall / fall

 Which of the following is an example of a rising-falling
intonation pattern?

A. "I don't know..." B. "That's amazing!"

C. "Is it new or used?" D. "What time is it?"

That boy can swim fast.
I must go now.
That boy can swim fast.
/ðæt bɔɪ kən swɪm fɑːst/

/ðæp bɔɪ kən swɪm fɑːst/

I must go now.

/aɪ məst gəʊ naʊ/

/aɪ məs gəʊ naʊ/

Rhythm Assimilation

Elision Liaison/ Intrusion

• Define and describe rhythm in English, distinguishing

between stress-timed and syllable-timed languages.

• Understand and identify instances of assimilation, elision,

and liaison in spoken English.

• Engage in interactive activities to reinforce learning.

Walk down the path to the end of the canal.

Walk down the path to the end of the canal.

Can you feel the rhythm?

English has a stress-timed rhythm - the time between stressed syllables and
unstressed syllables remain fairly constant.

Does Vietnamese have stress-timed rhythm?

Our language has a syllable-timed rhythm because each syllable takes about
the same time.
 That boy can swim fast.

/ðæt bɔɪ/ /ðæp bɔɪ/

Assimilation

Assimilation: the process of changing the sound of one word to

the sound of another word in the same sentence.
• Each group sends 1 player.
• Listen and write down the sentences.
• Underline where assimilation occurs.
• Slap the board when you finish and earn 1 point for being the fastest.
• Earn 1 point for each correct answer.
• You will only listen once.

Example That boy can swim fast.

That boy can swim fast.

1. Would you like to come in? 2. You need to face your fears.

3. Does your roommate cook?

4. Here are the records your friend wants.

Good boy /ɡʊd bɔɪ/ /ɡʊb bɔɪ/

Regressive assimilation

Cats are /kæts ɑːr/ /kæts sɑːr/

Progressive assimilation
 That man /ðæt mæn/ /ðæp mæn/

Regressive assimilation

That thing /ðæt θɪŋ/ /ðæθ θɪŋ/

Regressive assimilation

Bright colour /braɪt ˈkʌlə/ /braɪk ˈkʌlə/

Regressive assimilation
Good night /ɡʊd naɪt/ /ɡʊn naɪt/

Regressive assimilation

That said /ðæt seɪd/ /ðæs seɪd/

Regressive assimilation
 In the /in ðə/ /in nə/

Progressive assimilation

Cheesecake /ˈtʃiːz keɪk/ /ˈtʃiːs keɪk/

Regressive assimilation
 An afternoon with a stranger
Yesterday, I met that man at the bus stop. He was wearing a white coat and
holding a good book in his hands. We had a chat about that girl he met last
week. She loves painting and visited a bright gallery downtown. While we
talked, a great boy ran past us, laughing. Then, I bought a hot drink from a
nearby café. It tasted amazing! We sat on a bench, watching people pass by.
The weather was cold, but the big coat I wore kept me warm. After a while, I
said goodbye and walked home. It was a great day!
Yesterday, I met that man (R) at the bus stop. He was wearing a white coat (R)

and holding a good book (R) in his hands. We had a (P) chat about that girl (R)

he met last week. She loves painting and visited a bright gallery (R)

downtown. While we talked, a great boy (R) ran past us (P), laughing. Then, I

bought a hot drink (R) from a nearby café. It tasted amazing! We sat on (P) a

bench, watching people pass by. The weather was cold, but the big coat (R) I

wore kept me warm. After a while, I said goodbye and walked home. It was a

great day (R)!

 I must go now.

/məst gəʊ/ /məs gəʊ/

Elision

Elision: the removal of a sound from a word.

 1. Loss of weak vowels after p, t, and k.

Potato /pəˈteɪtəʊ/ /pʰˈteɪtəʊ/

Tomato /təˈmɑːtəʊ/ /tʰˈmɑːtəʊ/

2. Weak vowel + l, r or a nasal becomes syllabic consonant.

Camel /ˈkæməl/ /ˈkæml̩/

Paper /ˈpeɪpər/ /ˈpeɪpɹ̩/

3. Avoidance of complex consonant clusters.

looked back /lʊkt bæk/ /lʊk bæk/

must go /məst gəʊ/ /məs gəʊ/

4. Loss of final v in “of” before consonants.

waste of money /weɪst əv ˈmʌni/ /weɪst ə ˈmʌni/

• Listen and find where elision occurs in each sentence.
• Raise your hand to answer.

1. The next day, we went to the beach. 1. /nekst deɪ/ → /neks deɪ/

2. I don't know what to do. 2. /dəʊnt nəʊ/ → /dəʊn nəʊ/

3. He must be tired. 3. /mʌst biː/ → /mʌs biː/

4. We had the best cake ever. 4. /best keɪk/ → /bes keɪk/

• Listen and find where elision occurs in each sentence.
• Raise your hand to answer.

5. I looked back but saw nothing. 1./lʊkt bæk/ → /lʊk bæk/

6. It's the coldest night of the year. 2./kəʊldɪst naɪt/ → /kəʊldɪs naɪt/

7. I had the first chance to try it. 3. /fɜːst tʃɑːns/ → /fɜːs tʃɑːns/

8. He left at the next stop. 4. /nekst stɒp/ → /neks stɒp/

Liaison = Intrusion: the addition of a sound to link words.

3 sounds are added to link words: j, w and r

• Go away! • /w/ is added.

• I am a student. • /j/ is added.
• Law and order. • /r/ is added
 So, what happens in connected speech?

• Sounds can be changed. • Assimilation

• Sounds can be lost. • Elision
• Sounds can be added. • Liaison = intrusion
 Identify the aspects of connected speech in these sentences:

1. She was ill and stayed in bed all day. assimilation

2. I hope to see him next year. elision

3. Go on, try again! liaison

4. Tell me the truth and just say it! elision & liaison
 Identify the aspects of connected speech in these sentences:

5. I really want to lose ten pounds. elision & assimilation

6. I’m staying with my mother and father. liaison

7. The baby loves mashed potatoes. elision

 What is assimilation?

A. The process of incorporating new information into existing knowledge.

B. The process of adapting new information to current work.

C. The process of adjusting the sound of one word to the sound of another
word in the same sentence.
 Which type of assimilation is the process of the influence
of the previous sound on the next sound?

A. Progressive assimilation B. Regressive assimilation.

C. Reciprocal assimilation.
 What is elision?

A. The addition of a sound to a word.

B. The removal of a sound from a word.

C. The substitution of one sound for another in a word.

D. The combination of two sounds into one in a word.

 What is liaison?

A. The addition of a sound to a word.

B. The removal of a sound from a word.

C. The linking of two words together in speech.

D. The combination of two sounds into one in a word.

 English is said to have _______ rhythm.

A. stress-timed B. syllable-timed

C. pitching D. assimilation
 REFLECTION write a summary of what you learnt in this
lesson

FINAL REVISION make sure to study everything you have learnt

so far for your final test!