LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL - highly cultured and accomplished woman whom Rizal

LESSON 3: Rizal's Family, Childhood & Early Education called “loving and prudent”.
Rizal's Life Education at the Ateneo Municipal & at the - Educated at the College of Santa Rosa, a well known
University of Sto. Tomas Rizal's Higher Education & Life college for girls in Laguna.
Abroad - A remarkable woman, possessing refined culture,
literary talent, business ability, and the fortitude of
A Glimpse of Pepe's Life Spartan.
- José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda
(June 19, 1861 - December 30, 1896) RIZAL’S SIBLINGS
Saturnina (1850-1913)
JOSE - Oldest of the Rizal children
- Was chosen by his mother who was a devotee of the - Married Manuel Timoteo Hidalgo of Tanauan,
Christian Saint, San Jose (St. Joseph) Batangas.

PROTACIO Paciano (1851-1930)

- From Gervacio P. which came from a Christian - Older brother and confidant of Jose Rizal.
Calendar - He was the second father to Rizal.
- He was immortalized in Rizal' s first novel Noli Me
RIZAL Tangere as the wise Pilosopo Tasio. Rizal regarded him
- From the word "Ricial", in Spanish means new growth as “The Most Noble of Filipinos”.
in the after-crop of corn, or cattle feed that was cut - After his Pepe’s execution, he joined the Philippine
green. Revolution and became a combat general; after the
Revolution, he retired to his farm in Los Banos, where
MERCADO he lived as a gentleman farmer and died on April 13,
- Adopted in 1731 by Domingo Lamco (Paternal great- 1930, an old bachelor aged 79.
great grandfather of Jose Rizal) which means "Market"
in Spanish. Narcisa (1852-1939)
- She was married to Antonio Lopez (nephew of Father
ALONSO Leoncio Lopez), a school teacher of Morong as well as a
- The old surname of Jose Rizal's mother. musician.

REALONDA Olympia / Ypia (1855-1887)

- It was used by Dona Teodora from the surname of her - She married Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph operator
grandmother based on the culture at that time. from Manila.

Jose Rizal’s nickname, Pepe Lucia (1857-1979)

St. Joseph P.P. “Sanctus Josefus Pater Putatibus Christi” - She was married to Mariano Herbosa of Calamba, who
was a nephew of Father Casanas.
Who is Jose Rizal? - Herbosa Died of cholera in 1889 and was denied
 He was born near midnight of Wednesday of June Christian burial because he was a brother-in-law of Dr.
19, 1861 to the Rizal family of Calamba, Laguna. Rizal.
 He was baptized by Rev. Rufino Collantes in the
Catholic church of Calamba on June 22, 1861, Maria / Biang (1859-1945)
three days after birth. - She was married to Daniel Faustino Cruz of Binan,
Rizal's Parents Laguna.
 The real surname of the Rizal family was Mercado,
which was adopted in 1713 by Domingo Lamco Concepcion (1862-1865)
(paternal great-great grandfather of Jose Rizal), - Concha was her pet name.
who was a full blooded Chinese. - She died at age of three because of sickness. Her
 Rizal’ s family acquired a second surname - Rizal - death was Rizal' s first sorrow in life.
which was given by a Spanish Alcalde Mayor
(provincial governor) of Laguna, who was a family Josefa/Panggoy (1865-1945)
friend. - An epileptic and an old maid, that died at the age of 80.

DON MERCADO FRANCISCO (Rizal’s Father) Trinidad/Trining (1868-1951)

- Industrious farmer whom Rizal called as a Model of -Second youngest child of the family. Died a spinster
Farmers. and the last of the family to die.
- Studied Latin and Philosophy at the College of San
Jose in Manila. Became a tenant farmer of the Soledad/ Choleng (1870-1929)
Dominican-owned hacienda. - She was married to Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba.
- He died in Manila on January 5, 1898, at the age of 80.
In his student memoirs, Jose Rizal affectionately called Rizal's Childhood in Calamba, Laguna
him “a Model of Fathers”.  Calamba was a hacienda town which belonged to
Dominican Order, which also owned all the lands
TEODORA ALONZO Y QUINTOZ (Rizal’s Mother) around.
 Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My Town) GOMBURZA
- a poem about Rizal’ s beloved town written by  Mariano GOMez
Rizal in 1876 when he was 15 years old and was  Jose BURgos
student in “Ateneo de Manila.  Jacinto ZAmora
 One childhood memory of Rizal was the daily
Angelus prayer. By nightfall, his mother gathered all  January 20, 1872 - around 200 Filipino soldiers and
the children at the house to pray the Angelus. workmen of the Cavite arsenal under the leadership
 At age three he began to take part in the family of Sgt. Lamadrid rose in mutiny because of the
prayers. At 5, he was able to read haltingly the abolition of their usual privileges. The GomBurZa
Spanish family bible, make sketches with this pencil were executed at sunrise of February 17, 1872, by
and he was also already able to mold in clay and the order of Governor-General Izquierdo.
wax on objects which attracted his fancy.  The martyrdom of the GomBurZa in 1872 truly Rizal
to fight the evils of Spanish tyranny and redeem his
Influences on the Hero's Boyhood oppressed people. Rizal dedicated his second
Tio Jose Alberto novel El Filibusterismo to GomBurZa.
- developed the artistic ability of Rizal. He encouraged
him to sketch, paint and make Sculptures. INJUSTICE TO RIZAL'S MOTHER
 On June 1872 - Dona Teodora was suddenly
Tio Gregorio arrested on a malicious charge that she and her
- intensified Rizal’ s voracious reading of good books. brother Jose Alberto, tried to poison the latter ’ s
- He taught Rizal the value of hard work, to think for perfidious wife.
himself, and to observe his surroundings keenly.  Antonio Vivencio del Rosario - Calamba ’ s
Gobernadorcillo, helped in the arrest of Dona
Tio Manuel Teodora.
- encouraged Pepe to pursue his physical development.  After arresting Dona Teodora, the sadistic Spanish
- He taught the young boy swimming, fencing, wrestling lieutenant forced her to walk from Calamba to
and other sports. Santa Cruz, Laguna (50km.)
 Dona Teodora was incarcerated at the provincial
Early Education in Calamba. prison, where she languished for two years.
 Rizal’s first teacher was his mother, on her lap,
Rizal learned prayers and the alphabet at the age Rizal's Higher Education and Life Abroad
of three. Rizal's Ateneo Life
 Escuela Pia (Charity School) - former name of
First teachers hired by his father: Ateneo, a school for poor boys in Manila which was
Maestro Lucas Padua - science tutor established by the city government 1817.
Maestro Leon Monroy - a former classmate of his father,  June 10, 1872 - Rizal was accompanied by Paciano
that instructed in Spanish and Latin. He died five months on his way to Manila.
later.  Father Magin Ferrano - he was the college registrar,
who refused to admit Rizal in Ateneo for two reason:
Early Education in Binan. a) he was late or registration
 June 1869 - Rizal left Calamba to study in Binan, b) b) he was sickly and undersized for his age.
accompanied by Paciano.
 Because of Manuel Xerez Burgos' intercession,
Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz - Rizal' s first teacher in nephew of Father Burgos, Rizal was reluctantly
Binan admitted Ateneo. He registered Rizal as his
surname since Mercado was suspected by the
 Rizal experienced discriminations being the only Spanish authorities.
Filipino Student. He was the object of jealousy  Father Jose Vilaclara - advised Rizal to stop
because of his disciplined life and intellectual communing with the muse and pay more attention
superiority-the best in class in all the subjects. He to more practical studies.
was also bullied by his classmate, named, PEDRO,
a son of his Spanish Teacher. He was always Poems in Ateneo (1876)
challenged for a fight.  Un Recuerdo a Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My Town)
 Justiniano gave Rizal free lessons in drawing and - honour for his hometown.
painting, and was impressed with the artistry of the  Alianza Intima Entre la Religion y la Buena
young Pepe. Rizal was a fast learner, and had Education (Intimate Alliance Between Religion &
excelled under Maestro Justiniano. The Maestro Good Education) - shows the importance of religion
then suggested to Jose's parents that he be sent to & education.
Manila to pursue higher education.  Por la Educacion Recibe Lustre la Patria (Through
 Rizal however, did not enjoy his schooling under Education the Country Receives Light) - education
Maestro Justiniano Cruz because of his barbarous plays in the progress and welfare a nation.
punishment in making the pupils learn his lessons.  El Cautiverio y el Triunfo: Batalla de Lucenas y
He even highlighted this in his novel Noli Me Prison Boabdil (The Captivity and the Triumph:
Tangere. Battle of Lucena and the Imprisonment of Boadbil) -
the defeat and capture of Boabdil, the last Sultan of
MARTYRDOM OF GOMBURZA. Granada.
 La Entrada Triunfal de los Reyes Catolices en to the hostility of the Dominican professors.
Granada (The Triumphal Entry of the Catholic Accordingly, laboratory equipment' s are just for
Monarchs into Granada) - victorious entry of King display and racial discrimination against the Filipino
Ferdinand and Queen Isabel of Spain to Granada. students.

Poems in Ateneo (1877) Poems in UST (1877-1882)

 El Heroismo de Colon (The Heroism of Columbus) -  A La Juventud (To the Filipino Youth) - at 18, Rizal
poem praises Columbus. submitted this poem, an inspiring poem of flawless
 Colon y Juan II (Columbus and John II) - relates form. This poem won as a classic Filipino literature
how King John II of Spain missed fame and riches for two reasons:
by his failure to finance the projected expedition of a) it was a great poem in Spanish written by a Filipino,
Columbus to the New World. whose merit was recognized by Spanish literary
 Gran Cunsuelo en la Mayor Desdicha (Great authorities
Solace in Great Misfortune) - a legend relates to the b) 2) expressed for the first time the nationalistic concept
tragic life of Columbus. that the Filipino, and not the foreigners, were the “fair
 Un Dialogo Aluviso a la Despedida de los hope of the Fatherland”. The Board of Judges,
Colegiales (A Farewell Dialogue of the Students) - composed of Spaniards was impressed by Rizal’s poem
farewell to his classmates in Ateneo. and gave it gave it the first prize which consisted of a
 A la Virgen Maria (To the Virgin Mary) - another silver pen, feather-shaped and decorated with a gold
religious poem which doesn ’t have exact date ribbon.
when it was written.  Poems in UST (1877-1882)
A Filipinas - a sonnet written by Rizal for the album of
Rizal's Life in the University of Sto. Tomas the Society of
 After finishing the first year of a course in Sculptors; in this sonnet, he urged all Filipino artists to
Philosophy and Letters (1877-1878) in UST, he glorify the
transferred to a Medical course. April 1877 - he Philippines.
enrolled in the UST taking Philosophy and Letters  Abd-el-Azis y Mahoma - poem honouring the
because; Ateneo Patroness.
1) His father liked it  Al M.R.P Pablo Ramon - poem dedication to
2) He was still uncertain as to what career to pursue. Father Pablo Ramon (Atenean Rector), who had
been so kind and helpful to him.
 During Rizal' s first school term in the UST, Rizal  Vicenta Ybardolaza - a pretty girl colegiala who
also studied in Ateneo. He took the vocational skillfully played a harp at the Regalado home,
course leading to the title of surveyor). whom Rizal was infatuated.
 Perito Agrimensor (expect Rizal excelled in all  Companerismo (Comradeship) - Rizal founded a
subjects in the surveying course in Ateneo, secret society of Filipino students in UST 1880.
obtaining gold medals in agriculture and topography.
He passed all the subject but the title was no issued Rizal's Unhappy USTE Life
to him because he was only 17 years old, underage.  Rizal found the atmosphere at the UST suffocating
The title was issued to him on November 25, 1881- to his sensitive spirit. He was unhappy at this
the title was issued to Rizal for passing the final Dominican institution of higher learning because:
examination in the surveying course. 1) the Dominican professors were hostile to him
 While at UST, he fell in love with three women. 2) the Filipino students were racially discriminated by the
During his first year, he fell in love with a woman Spaniards
simply called “Miss L” , a woman with a fair, 3) the method of instruction was obsolete and repressive
seductive and attractive eyes.
 The romance dead a natural death because of two  In Rizal's novel, El Filibusterismo, he described how
reasons: the Filipino students were humiliated and insulted
(1) the sweet memory of Segunda Katigbak was still by their Dominican professors and how backward
fresh to in his memory the method of instruction was, especially in the
(2) Rizal’ s father did not like the family of Miss L. teaching of the natural sciences.

Rizal's Life Abroad

 During his sophomore year, he courted Leonor
Valenzuela, a tall girl with regal bearing. Rizal sent Rizal's First Trip to Europe.
her love notes in invisible ink. But just like Segunda  Jose Rizal left Manila on May 3, 1882
he also stopped visiting her. - He left for Spain with the blessings of his brother
 During his junior year, Rizal had romance with Paciano and his Uncle Antonio Rivera. He decided not
Leonor Rivera, of Camiling, Tarlac. Leonor was a to seek his parent’s blessings knowing they would never
pretty girl and a students of La Concordia College. approve of his plan. He secured endorsements from
Both Rizal and Leonor were engaged, he used the Perdo Paterno.
sign name “Taimis ” to cover their relationship from - His first stop was in Singapore; Colombo in Sri Lanka;
their parents. Aden in Yemen; and crossed the entire length of the
 Rizal studied in UST from 1878-1882. His grades in Suez Canal. They landed at Port Said, Egypt; Naples in
UST College of Medicine were not as impressive as Italy; and disembarked in Marseilles, France.
what he got at Ateneo Philosophy and Letters due
Arrival in Spain: Barcelona the genius is not a monopoly of any race and their prizes
 He first stopped in Barcelona, the capital of the were products of both the Philippines and Spain. He
Spanish Province, Cataluña, According to him, the voiced the hope that, someday Spain will grant reforms
people were indifferent and he arrived during the needed by Filipinos.
summer vacation of the students.
Completion of his studies.
A. In this city, he found out that people of the city  He completed his Licenciado en Medicina on June
enjoyed freedom and liberalism. 21, 1884. He did not have his Doctorate in Medicine
B. He wrote essays for Diariong Tagalog because he did not present the thesis required for
“Amor Patrio” (Love of Country) graduation. He can practice medicine with the
“Los Viajes” (travels) acquisition of this degree but he cannot teach
“Revista de Madrid” (reviews of Madrid) medicine.
C. He met his classmate from Ateneo at the Plaza de  He finished his studies in Philosophy and letters
Cataluña and obtained the degree Licenciado en Filiosofia y
Letras with the rating of Spbresaliente.
Madrid
 He enrolled at the Universidad Central de Madrid Madrid: Birth of the First Novel
on November 3, 1882. He enrolled in the following He started writing the novel Noli Me Tangere when he
courses: was still a student at the Central University of Madrid.
-Medicine  He was inspired to write after reading Uncle Tom’s
- Philosophy and letters Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe. This book is about
 He took courses at the Academy of San Carlos the trial and hardship of the black slaves and
- Painting and sculpture awakened in him his inherent love and concern for
-Languages: French, German and English the afflicted.
 He took private lessons at the Hall of Sanz and  On January 2, 1884, the Filipino expatriated had a
Carbonell meeting at the house of the Paterno brothers. It
- Shooting was during this meeting that the Filipinos who
- Fencing attended agreed to write a novel about the
Philippines. These were Pedro Paterno, Maximo
Important people he met: Paterno, Antonio Paterno, Graciano Lopez Jaena,
 Dr. Miguel Morayta, an advocate of freedom and Evaristo Aguirre and Eduardo de Lete.
self determination. Students from South America  The plan did not materialize and Jose Rizal was left
hailed Dr. Morayta as their champion. He joined his to write the novel. He started writing in Madrid and
students and the other supporters to this end. he continued to write while he was in France and
 Don Pablo Ortega y Rey, a Spanish liberal who Germany. Final revisions were made in Berlin.
used to live inthe Philippines.  He could not afford the printing cost but was saved
by his friend, Maximo Viola. He lent Jose P5300,
Jose Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano Filipino the exiles the needed amount for the first 2,000 copies of the
of 1872. novel.
 It was a social organization where the members  On March 29, 1887, the novel was printed in Berlin.
talked on the reforms needed in the Philippines. The first recipients of the novel were Dr. Ferdinand
 This group was mostly made up of elder Filipinos Blumentritt, Dr. Ponce, and Felix Resurreccion
who were Hidalgo.
 It held informal programs which included poetry
reading and debates. Madrid: Birth of the 1st Novel
As a way of showing his appreciation, he gave the
Jose Rizal joined the Masonic lodge in Madrid which original manuscript of the Noli Me Tangere and a
was called Acacia complimentary copy to Maximo Viola
 He became a member and his Masonic name was
“Dimasalang” Jose Rizal explained the tittle “Noli Me Tangere” means
 Freemasonry was an organization outlawed by the “Touch Me Not”. This was from the bible, from the
Catholic church because its beliefs are contrary to Gospel of St.John
the doctrines of the church.
 ]A mason’s view is that knowledge should be The book was dedicated to the Philippines, his
achieved by the light of the reason and universal fatherland.
brotherhood of men. Rizal adopted the masonic
view. Paris, France
 Masonry attacked the church because they  He arrived in Paris on November 1885.
believed it promoted religious superstition and  He worked as an assistant to Dr. Louis de Weckert.
obscurantism, hiding truth behind the veil of religion.  He found time to be with his friends, Pardo de
Taveras, Juan Luna, and Felix Resurreccion
Jose Rizal’s Brindis Speech: A Toast Honoring Juan Hidalgo.
Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo (June 25, 1884)  He posed for Juan Luna’s paintings.
 Composed songs: “Alin Mang Lahi” and “La
Juan Luna was awarded the top prize for his painting Deportacion”.
Spoliarium while Felix were the Pride of Filipino People;
 Germany: Heidelberg
On February 1886, he arrived in Heidelberg, an old
university town.
 He worked as an assistant to Dr. Otto Becker at the
University Eye Hospital. He listened to the lectures
of Dr. Becker and Prof. Wilhelm Kuehne. He wrote
the poem, “To the Flower of Heidelberg”.
He spent his summer vacation in 1886 in Wilhelmsfield
where he lived with Protestant pastor Karl Ulmer to
perfect his ability to speak German. He started his
correspondence with Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt, the
Director of Ateneo of Leitmeritz, Austria. He sent a book
to Prof. Blumentritt, Aritmetica by Rufino Baltazar.

Germany: Liepzig
On August 1886, he arrived in Liepzig.
 He met Prof. Friedrich Ratzel and Dr. Hans Meyer
who wrote a book on the Philippines. He translated
Schiler’s Wiliam Tel to Tagalog. The book narrates
how the Swiss attained their independence in a
peaceful manner.
 He translated Hans Christian Andersen’s Fairy
Tales to Tagalog for his nephews and nieces.

Other Places Rizal Visited in Germany

 Dresden - October 29, 1886
 Berlin - He made the final revisions on the novel
Noli Me Tangere. On March 29, 1887, the novel
was finaly printed. (For the summary of the Noli Me
Tangere).
 Prague - He went to Prague to visit the tomb of
Nicolaus Copernicus.

Departure from Europe

 In Geneva, Switzerland, Maximo Viola and Jose
Rizal parted ways. Viola returned to Spain.
 Rizal continued to Rome, Italy
 In Marseiles, France, he boarded Djamnah to
Saigon, Vietnam and finaly, Manila

Jose Rizal's Return to Calamba

 He established a clinic and his first patient was his
mother. He treated his mother’s eyes.
 He worked as a town physician. He was caled to
Malacañang by Gov.Gen. Emilio Terrero due to the
controversy raised by Noli Me Tangere. The first
copies had arrived in Manila.

 Lt. Jose Taviel de Andrade was assigned to watch

over Jose Rizal. After a review of the Noli Me
Tangere, it was found out that the book was
heretic,impious, unpatriotic, subversive, and Rizal
was ordered to Exile injurious to the government of
Spain in the Philippines. It was recommended that
the importation, reproduction, and distribution of the
book should be prohibited.
 Gov. Gen. Terrero requested Jose Rizal to leave
the country.