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file Standard

The Linux File Hierarchy Structure Standard outlines the organization and contents of directories in Linux operating systems, maintained by the Linux Foundation. Key directories include / for the root filesystem, /bin for essential command binaries, /etc for configuration files, and /usr for user data and applications. Each directory serves a specific purpose, ensuring a structured and efficient file management system.

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4 views

file Standard

The Linux File Hierarchy Structure Standard outlines the organization and contents of directories in Linux operating systems, maintained by the Linux Foundation. Key directories include / for the root filesystem, /bin for essential command binaries, /etc for configuration files, and /usr for user data and applications. Each directory serves a specific purpose, ensuring a structured and efficient file management system.

Uploaded by

Devyani Jadhav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linux File Hierarchy Structure Standard

The Linux File Hierarchy Structure defines the directory structure and directory
contents in linux operating systems. It is maintained by the Linux Foundation.


1. / (Root) : Primary hierarchy root and root directory of the entire file system
hierarchy.
 Every single file and directory starts from the root directory
 Only root user has the right to write under this directory
 /root is root user’s home directory, which is not same as /

/ (root filesystem): It is the top-level filesystem directory. It must include every


file needed to boot the Linux system before another filesystem is mounted. Every
other filesystem is mounted on a well-defined and standard mount point because of
the root filesystem directories after the system is started.

 /root: It's the home directory for a root user

2. /bin : Essential command binaries that need to be available in single user mode;
for all users, e.g., cat, ls, cp.
 Contains binary executables
 /bin: This directory includes user executable files.

3. /boot : Boot loader files, e.g., kernels, initrd.


/boot: It includes the static kernel and bootloader configuration and executable
files needed to start a Linux computer

4. /dev : Essential device files, e.g., /dev/null.

These include terminal devices, usb, or any device attached to the system.
/dev: It includes the device file for all hardware devices connected to the system.
These aren't device drivers; instead, they are files that indicate all devices on the
system and provide access to these devices.

5. /etc : Host-specific system-wide configuration files.


 Contains configuration files required by all programs.
 This also contains startup and shutdown shell scripts used to start/stop
individual programs.

/etc: It includes the local system configuration files for the host system.

6. /home : Users’ home directories, containing saved files, personal settings, etc.

Home directories for all users to store their personal files. .

/home: The home directory storage is available for user files. All users have a
subdirectory inside /home.

7. /lib : Libraries essential for the binaries in /bin/ and /sbin/.

o /lib: It includes shared library files that are needed to start the system.

8. /media : Mount points for removable media such as CD-ROMs (appeared in


FHS-2.3).
 Temporary mount directory for removable devices.
9. /mnt : Temporarily mounted filesystems.
 Temporary mount directory where sysadmins can mount filesystems.
 /mnt: It is a temporary mount point for basic filesystems that can be used at
the time when the administrator is working or repairing a filesystem.

10. /opt : Optional application software packages.


 Contains add-on applications from individual vendors.
 Add-on applications should be installed under either /opt/ or /opt/ sub-
directory.

11. /sbin : Essential system binaries

 The linux commands located under this directory are used typically by system
aministrator, for system maintenance purpose.
 /sbin: These are system binary files. They are executables utilized for system
administration

12. /tmp : Temporary files. Often not preserved between system reboots, and may
be severely size restricted.

 /tmp: It is a temporary directory used by the OS and several programs for


storing temporary files. Also, users may temporarily store files here.
Remember that files may be removed without prior notice at any time in this
directory.
13. /usr : Secondary hierarchy for read-only user data; contains the majority of
(multi-)user utilities and applications.
 Contains binaries, libraries, documentation, and source-code for second level
programs.

14. /proc : Virtual filesystem providing process and kernel information as files. In
Linux, corresponds to a procfs mount. Generally automatically generated and
populated by the system, on the fly.
 Contains information about system process.

15/media: A place for mounting external removable media devices like USB
thumb drives that might be linked to the host.

16. /opt: It contains optional files like vendor supplied application programs
that must be placed here..

17./usr: They are read-only and shareable files, including executable libraries and
binaries, man files, and several documentation types.

18./var: Here, variable data files are saved. It can contain things such as MySQL,
log files, other database files, email inboxes, web server data files, and much more.

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