DETAILED DESIGN CALCULATION

OF
HARPAN KHOLA BRIDGE

1
 HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

Harpan River bridge

A. Design of Superstructure, Cantilever slab
Design Data
Materials and its Properties:
2
Concrete: M45 fck 45 N/mm
2
Reinforcement: Fe500 fy 500 N/mm
Self weight of materials as per IRC : 6-2017:
3
Concrete (cement-Reinforced) 25 kN/m
3
Macadam (binder premix) 22 kN/m
Geometrical Properties:
Effective Span of Bridge 35.00
Nos. of longitudinal Girder webs 2 Nos.
C/C Spacing of web 4 m
Overall depth of girder 2200 mm
Web width of girder 300 mm
C/C Distance of edge beams 4000.00 mm
Distance of edge beams' outer edges 4300.00 mm
Depth of footpath above deck slab 275 mm
Rib width of cross girder 300 mm
Overall depth of cross girder 1100 mm
Deck slab thickness 250 mm
Cantilever slab thickness in junction 250 mm
Deck slab thickness at edge 150 mm
Thickness of wearing coat 75 mm
Fillet size (horizontal) 450 mm
Fillet size (vertical) 150 mm
Bridge Width:
Carriageway width 6m
Width of kerb and foothpath 1.2 m
Space Behind Railing Post 0.05 m
Size of Railing Post 0.15 m
Total Width of deck slab 8.40 m
Footpath width for pedestrian walking 1.00 m
Space available from kerb edge to outer beam edge 0.85 for symmetrical spaced beams
Total depth of footpath at the end 0.425 m
Thickness of wearing coat 0.075 m
Clear cantilever span 2.05 m
2.0 Design of Slab
2.1 Design of Cantilever slab: by effective width method.
Thickness of slab, maximum 250.0 mm at junction with rib
Thickness of slab, minimum 150.0 mm at end
Self weight of Railing 1.00 kN/m (assumed)
Impact factor 50.0 % (for IRC class A loading)
2
(P-260-4800/L)*(16.5-W)/15 1.07 KN/m
Thickness of wearing coat 0.075 mm
Dead Load Bending Moment and Shear Force:
Width Depth Load per Moment
S.No. Item Distance
(m) (m) m width of slab (kN-m)
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 HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE
Width Depth Load per Moment
S.No. Item Distance
(m) (m) m width of slab (kN-m)
1 Railing/Parapet 1.000 1.925 1.925
2 Concrete for railining 0.20 0.275 1.375 1.925 2.65
3 Footpath 1 0.275 6.875 1.350 9.28
4 Pedestrian Load 1 1.0 1.066 1.350 1.439
4 Wearing Coat 1 0.075 1.650 0.425 0.701
5 uniform 1 0.150 3.750 1.025 3.844
Slab
Triangl 1 0.05 1.250 0.683 0.854
Total 16.966 20.692
Dead load Shear force at the face of rib 16.966 kN per metre width of slab
Dead load Bending Moment at the face of rib 20.692 kN-m per metre width of slab
Live Load Bending Moment and Shear Force:
IRC Class A Loading:
Average thickness of cantilever slab 200 mm
Bending moment due to load W1:
Wheel load, W1 57 kN
Clear distance to be kept from the kerb, C 150 mm
Tyre contact length along Cantilever span, x 0.50 m
Tyre contact length acorss cantilever span, y 0.25 m
Distance of C/C wheel from the kerb 0.40 m
Test: Is the wheel on the cantilever slab? YES
Wheel load's CG distance from rib face, X 0.45 m wheel in cantiever
slab depth X far from beam edge towards cantilever 228.05 mm one condition 228.05
Load dispersion width along span of cantilever slab 1.128 < 2.05
Thickness of slab at dispersed end of cantilever 210.29 mm Average assumed
load length in the cantilever 1.01 m
Portion of load in the cantilever 51.24 KN
UDL over cantilever 50.53 KN/m due to one wheel
Tire width +2WC thickness, bw 0.65 m
Effective width of slab bef = 1.2*X + bw 1.19 m < 1.2 No overlap of wheels
Load per meter width of slab due to one wheel 42.46 kN/m per metre width of slab
Shear in cantilever slab 43.06 kN/m per metre width of slab
Shear in cantilever slab including impact 64.59 kN per metre width of slab
Maximum Bending moment due to live load 19.376 kNm per metre width of slab
Bending moment including impact 29.064 kNm per metre width of slab
Bending moment due to load 40KN Wheel:
Wheel load, W1 40.00 KN
Tyre contact length along Cantilever span, x 0.30 m
Tyre contact length across cantilever span, y 0.30 m
Wheel load's CG distance from rib face, X 1.55 m
slab depth X far from beam edge towards cantilever 174.39 mm
Dispersion width of load along span of cantilever 0.87 < 2.05
Thickness of slab at dispersed end of cantilever 437.82 mm
load length in the cantilever 0.87 m
Portion of load in the cantilever 40.00 KN
UDL over cantilever 45.75 KN/m
bw 0.850 m
Effective width of slab bef = 1.2*X + bw 2.710 m
Load per meter width of slab 16.88 kN/m per metre width of slab
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Shear in cantilever slab 14.760 KN per metre width of slab
Shear in cantilever slab including impact 22.140 KN per metre width of slab
Maximum Bending moment due to live load 22.878 KNm per metre width of slab
Bending moment including impact 34.317 KNm per metre width of slab
Pedestrian load 1.066 KNm per metre width of slab
Shear force due to pedestrian load 1.066 kN per m width ofslab
Moment due to pedestrian load 1.439 kN-m
Factor of safety for Dead load 1.350
Factor of safety for live load 1.500
Factored BM of DL+LL including Impact 79.410 kN-m 103.2311
Factored SF DL+LL including Impact 121.383 KN 121.2073
Design for Flexure by Limit State Method as per code IRC 112-2011:
compressive strain ecu2 0.0035
compressive strain ec2 0.0020
Provided by manufacturer or assummed, eyk 0.05
Ultimate dessign stain, eud 0.045
Material partial factor of safety for concrete, gc 1.50
Material partial factor of safety for steel, gs 1.15
Youngs modulus of elasticity for steel, Es 200000
strain ratio 0.571
1 - strain ratio 0.429
n 2.00
b1 0.80952
b2 0.41597
1/gs 0.870
α 0.670
α/gc 0.447
Design stress, fcd 20.1000 N/mm2
Permissible Flexural Tensile stress, fyd 434.78 N/mm2
σc 20.100 N/mm2
Design Data:
neutral axis depth factor xu,max/d 0.6169
Lever arm factor, jmin 0.7434
Mu,lim = Kfckbd2 where, K 0.1658
Mu,lim = Rbd2 where, R 7.4617
Design of Cantilever Sab
Assummed bar dia 16.00 mm
Cover 40.00 mm
Effective Depth, d 202.00 mm
Effective depth rqd, d rqd 103.16 < 202.0 OK
Neutral axis depth, xu 25.50 mm
Neutral Axis Depth Ratio, xu/d 0.1262
Lever arm factor, j 0.9475
I Method, A st = M Ed /(f yd jd) 954.28 mm2 I and II Method is
Ast, MEd II method 954.28 mm2 Mathematically the
Min Ast % = 0.85*100/fy 0.170 % Ast 343.40 mm2 same.
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Min. area of steel @ 0.12 % 300.00 mm2
Check for minimum area of steel for slab: 8.33
Required 16 + 0 φ bar @ 210.69 mm c/c giving Ast 954.3 mm2
2
Provide 16 + 12 φ bar @ 300.00 mm c/c giving Ast 1047.2 mm
Bar in other direction Steel: 6.141593 4.513274
Distribution steel provided for 0.3 x live load moment + 0.2 x dead load moment.
Therefore moment in other direction 21.030 KNm
Assumed bar dia, φ 10.0 mm
Effective Depth provided, d 189.00 mm
Effective depth rqd, d rqd 53.09 < 189.0 OK
Neutral axis depth, xu 6.94 mm
Neutral Axis Depth Ratio, xu/d 0.0367
Lever arm factor, j 0.9847
I Method, A st = M Ed /(f yd jd) 259.89 mm2 I and II Method is
Ast, MEd II method 259.89 mm2 Mathematically the
Min Ast % = 0.85*100/fy 0.170 % Ast 321.30 mm2 same.
Min. area of steel @ 0.12 % 242.40 mm2
Required 10 + 0 φ bar @ 244.44 mm c/c giving Ast 321.30 mm2
Provide 10 + 0 φ bar @ 175.00 mm c/c giving Ast 448.80 mm2
Half reinforcement is to be provided at top and half at bottom. 224.40 mm2
2
Provide 10 φ bar @ 350 mm c/c for both top and bottom, Ast 224.40 mm
Design for Shear by Limit State Method as per code IRC 112-2011:
Axial comprressive stress, scp 0.0000 N/mm2
Factored DL + LL shear including impact 121.38 kN
slope of bottom line of cantilever slab, tanb 0.100
M B2 2 M B3

Shear stress, t 0.420 N/mm2
K value 2.0000
Reinforcement ratio ρl 0.0055
nmin 0.588 N/mm2
tRdc1 0.644 N/mm2
tRdc,min 0.588 KN
Permissible shear stress tRdc N/mm2 0.644 > 0.420 OK

HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

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 HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

Harpan River bridge

A. Design of Superstructure, Cantilever slab
Design Data
Materials and its Properties:
2
Concrete: M45 fck 45 N/mm
2
Reinforcement: Fe500 fy 500 N/mm
Self weight of materials as per IRC : 6-2017:
3
Concrete (cement-Reinforced) 25 kN/m
3
Macadam (binder premix) 22 kN/m
Geometrical Properties:
Effective Span of Bridge 35.00
Nos. of longitudinal Girder webs 2 Nos.
C/C Spacing of web 4 m
Overall depth of girder 2200 mm
Web width of girder 300 mm
C/C Distance of edge beams 4000.00 mm
Distance of edge beams' outer edges 4300.00 mm
Depth of footpath above deck slab 275 mm
Rib width of cross girder 300 mm
Overall depth of cross girder 1100 mm
Deck slab thickness 250 mm
Cantilever slab thickness in junction 250 mm
Deck slab thickness at edge 150 mm
Thickness of wearing coat 75 mm
Fillet size (horizontal) 450 mm
Fillet size (vertical) 150 mm
Bridge Width:
Carriageway width 6m
Width of kerb and foothpath 1.2 m
Space Behind Railing Post 0.05 m
Size of Railing Post 0.15 m
Total Width of deck slab 8.40 m
Footpath width for pedestrian walking 1.00 m
Space available from kerb edge to outer beam edge 0.85 for symmetrical spaced beams
Total depth of footpath at the end 0.425 m
Thickness of wearing coat 0.075 m
Cantilever span 2.05 m
2.0 Design of Slab
2.1 Design of Cantilever slab: by effective width method.
Thickness of slab, maximum 250.0 mm at junction with rib
Thickness of slab, minimum 150.0 mm at end
Self weight of Railing 1.00 kN/m (assumed)
Impact factor 50.0 % (for IRC class 70R_W loading)
2
(P-260-4800/L)*(16.5-W)/15 1.07 KN/m
Thickness of wearing coat 0.075 mm
Dead Load Bending Moment and Shear Force:
Width Depth Load per Moment
S.No. Item Distance
(m) (m) m width of slab (kN-m)
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Width Depth Load per Moment
S.No. Item Distance
(m) (m) m width of slab (kN-m)
1 Railing/Parapet 1.000 1.925 1.925
2 Concrete for railining 0.20 0.275 1.375 1.925 2.65
3 Footpath 1 0.275 6.875 1.350 9.28
4 Pedestrian Load 1 1.0 1.066 1.350 1.439
4 Wearing Coat 1 0.075 1.650 0.425 0.701
5 uniform 1 0.150 3.750 1.025 3.844
Slab
Triangl 1 0.05 1.250 0.683 0.854
Total 16.966 20.692
Dead load Shear force at the face of rib 16.966 kN per metre width of slab
Dead load Bending Moment at the face of rib 20.692 kN-m per metre width of slab
Live Load Bending Moment and Shear Force:
IRC Class 70R_W Loading:
Average thickness of cantilever slab 200 mm
Bending moment due to load W1:
Wheel load, W1 85 kN
Clear distance to be kept from the kerb, C 1200 mm
Tyre contact length along Cantilever span, x 0.86 m
Tyre contact length acorss cantilever span, y 0.61 m
Distance of C/C wheel from the kerb 1.63 m
Test: Is the wheel on the cantilever slab? NO
Wheel load's CG distance from rib face, X 0.00 m wheel not in cantilever
slab depth X far from beam edge towards cantilever 250.00 mm one condition 250
Load dispersion width along span of cantilever slab 0.000 < 2.05
Thickness of slab at dispersed end of cantilever 0.00 mm Average assumed
load length in the cantilever 0.00 m
Portion of load in the cantilever 0.00 KN
UDL over cantilever 0.00 KN/m due to one wheel
Tire width +2WC thickness, bw 1.01 m
Effective width of slab bef = 1.2*X + bw 1.01 m < 1.37 No overlap of wheels
Load per meter width of slab due to one wheel 0.00 kN/m per metre width of slab
Shear in cantilever slab 0.00 kN/m per metre width of slab
Shear in cantilever slab including impact 0.00 kN per metre width of slab
Maximum Bending moment due to live load 0.000 kNm per metre width of slab
Bending moment including impact 0.000 kNm per metre width of slab
Bending moment due to load 40KN Wheel:
Wheel load, W1 40.00 KN
Tyre contact length along Cantilever span, x 0.30 m
Tyre contact length across cantilever span, y 0.30 m
Wheel load's CG distance from rib face, X 0.50 m
slab depth X far from beam edge towards cantilever 225.61 mm
Dispersion width of load along span of cantilever 0.93 < 2.05
Thickness of slab at dispersed end of cantilever 487.79 mm
load length in the cantilever 0.93 m
Portion of load in the cantilever 40.00 KN
UDL over cantilever 43.21 KN/m
bw 0.850 m
Effective width of slab bef = 1.2*X + bw 1.450 m
Load per meter width of slab 29.80 kN/m per metre width of slab
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Shear in cantilever slab 27.586 KN per metre width of slab
Shear in cantilever slab including impact 41.379 KN per metre width of slab
Maximum Bending moment due to live load 13.793 KNm per metre width of slab
Bending moment including impact 20.690 KNm per metre width of slab
Pedestrian load 1.066 KNm per metre width of slab
Shear force due to pedestrian load 1.066 kN per m width ofslab
Moment due to pedestrian load 1.439 kN-m
Factor of safety for Dead load 1.350
Factor of safety for live load 1.500
Factored BM of DL+LL including Impact 58.968 kN-m
Factored SF DL+LL including Impact 84.973 KN
Design for Flexure by Limit State Method as per code IRC 112-2011:
compressive strain ecu2 0.0035
compressive strain ec2 0.0020
Provided by manufacturer or assummed, eyk 0.05
Ultimate dessign stain, eud 0.045
Material partial factor of safety for concrete, gc 1.50
Material partial factor of safety for steel, gs 1.15
Youngs modulus of elasticity for steel, Es 200000
strain ratio 0.571
1 - strain ratio 0.429
n 2.00
b1 0.80952
b2 0.41597
1/gs 0.870
α 0.670
α/gc 0.447
Design stress, fcd 20.1000 N/mm2
Permissible Flexural Tensile stress, fyd 434.78 N/mm2
σc 20.100 N/mm2
Design Data:
neutral axis depth factor xu,max/d 0.6169
Lever arm factor, jmin 0.7434
Mu,lim = Kfckbd2 where, K 0.1658
Mu,lim = Rbd2 where, R 7.4617
Design of Cantilever Sab
Assummed bar dia 16.00 mm
Cover 40.00 mm
Effective Depth, d 202.00 mm
Effective depth rqd, d rqd 88.90 < 202.0 OK
Neutral axis depth, xu 18.66 mm
Neutral Axis Depth Ratio, xu/d 0.0924
Lever arm factor, j 0.9616
I Method, A st = M Ed /(f yd jd) 698.25 mm2 I and II Method is
Ast, MEd II method 698.25 mm2 Mathematically the
Min Ast % = 0.85*100/fy 0.170 % Ast 343.40 mm2 same.
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Min. area of steel @ 0.12 % 300.00 mm2
Check for minimum area of steel for slab:
Required 16 + 0 φ bar @ 287.95 mm c/c giving Ast 698.2 mm2
2
Provide 16 + 0 φ bar @ 200.00 mm c/c giving Ast 1005.3 mm
Bar in other direction Steel:
Distribution steel provided for 0.3 x live load moment + 0.2 x dead load moment.
Therefore moment in other direction 14.897 KNm
Assumed bar dia, φ 10.0 mm
Effective Depth provided, d 189.00 mm
Effective depth rqd, d rqd 44.68 < 189.0 OK
Neutral axis depth, xu 4.90 mm
Neutral Axis Depth Ratio, xu/d 0.0259
Lever arm factor, j 0.9892
I Method, A st = M Ed /(f yd jd) 183.26 mm2 I and II Method is
Ast, MEd II method 183.26 mm2 Mathematically the
Min Ast % = 0.85*100/fy 0.170 % Ast 321.30 mm2 same.
Min. area of steel @ 0.12 % 242.40 mm2
Required 10 + 0 φ bar @ 244.44 mm c/c giving Ast 321.30 mm2
Provide 10 + 0 φ bar @ 200.00 mm c/c giving Ast 392.70 mm2
Half reinforcement is to be provided at top and half at bottom. 196.35 mm2
2
Provide 10 φ bar @ 350 mm c/c for both top and bottom, Ast 224.40 mm
Design for Shear by Limit State Method as per code IRC 112-2011:
Axial comprressive stress, scp 0.0000 N/mm2
Factored DL + LL shear including impact 84.97 kN
slope of bottom line of cantilever slab, tanb 0.100
M B2 2 M B3

Shear stress, t 0.285 N/mm2
K value 2.0000
Reinforcement ratio ρl 0.0053
nmin 0.588 N/mm2
tRdc1 0.636 N/mm2
tRdc,min 0.588 KN
Permissible shear stress tRdc N/mm2 0.636 > 0.285 OK

HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

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 HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

Harpan River bridge

A. Design of Superstructure, Cantilever slab
Design Data
Materials and its Properties:
2
Concrete: M45 fck 45 N/mm
2
Reinforcement: Fe500 fy 500 N/mm
Self weight of materials as per IRC : 6-2017:
3
Concrete (cement-Reinforced) 25 kN/m
3
Macadam (binder premix) 22 kN/m
Geometrical Properties:
Effective Span of Bridge 35.00
Nos. of longitudinal Girder webs 2 Nos.
C/C Spacing of web 4 m
Overall depth of girder 2200 mm
Web width of girder 300 mm
C/C Distance of edge beams 4000.00 mm
Distance of edge beams' outer edges 4300.00 mm
Depth of footpath above deck slab 275 mm
Rib width of cross girder 300 mm
Overall depth of cross girder 1100 mm
Deck slab thickness 250 mm
Cantilever slab thickness in junction 250 mm
Deck slab thickness at edge 150 mm
Thickness of wearing coat 75 mm
Fillet size (horizontal) 450 mm
Fillet size (vertical) 150 mm
Bridge Width:
Carriageway width 6m
Width of kerb and foothpath 1.2 m
Space Behind Railing Post 0.05 m
Size of Railing Post 0.15 m
Total Width of deck slab 8.40 m
Footpath width for pedestrian walking 1.00 m
Space available from kerb edge to outer beam edge 0.85 for symmetrical spaced beams
Total depth of footpath at the end 0.425 m
Thickness of wearing coat 0.075 m
Cantilever span 2.05 m
2.0 Design of Slab
2.1 Design of Cantilever slab: by effective width method.
Thickness of slab, maximum 250.0 mm at junction with rib
Thickness of slab, minimum 150.0 mm at end
Self weight of Railing 1.00 kN/m (assumed)
Impact factor 50.0 % (for IRC class 70R_T loading)
2
(P-260-4800/L)*(16.5-W)/15 1.07 KN/m
Thickness of wearing coat 0.075 mm
Dead Load Bending Moment and Shear Force:
Width Depth Load per Moment
S.No. Item Distance
(m) (m) m width of slab (kN-m)
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Width Depth Load per Moment
S.No. Item Distance
(m) (m) m width of slab (kN-m)
1 Railing/Parapet 1.000 1.925 1.925
2 Concrete for railining 0.20 0.275 1.375 1.925 2.65
3 Footpath 1 0.275 6.875 1.350 9.28
4 Pedestrian Load 1 1.0 1.066 1.350 1.439
4 Wearing Coat 1 0.075 1.650 0.425 0.701
5 uniform 1 0.150 3.750 1.025 3.844
Slab
Triangl 1 0.05 1.250 0.683 0.854
Total 16.966 20.692
Dead load Shear force at the face of rib 16.966 kN per metre width of slab
Dead load Bending Moment at the face of rib 20.692 kN-m per metre width of slab
Live Load Bending Moment and Shear Force:
IRC Class 70R_T Loading:
Average thickness of cantilever slab 200 mm 1.10
Bending moment due to load W1: 1.62
Wheel load, W1 350 kN 1.20
Clear distance to be kept from the kerb, C 1200 mm -0.1
Tyre contact length along Cantilever span, x 0.84 m
Tyre contact length acorss cantilever span, y 4.57 m
Distance of C/C wheel from the kerb 1.62 m
Test: Is the wheel on the cantilever slab? NO
Wheel load's CG distance from rib face, X 0.00 m wheel not in cantilever
slab depth X far from beam edge towards cantilever 250.00 mm one condition 250
Load dispersion width along span of cantilever slab 0.000 < 2.05
Thickness of slab at dispersed end of cantilever 0.00 mm Average assumed
load length in the cantilever 0.00 m
Portion of load in the cantilever 0.00 KN
UDL over cantilever 0.00 KN/m due to one wheel
Tire width +2WC thickness, bw 0.99 m
Effective width of slab bef = 1.2*X + bw 0.99 m < 90 No overlap of wheels
Load per meter width of slab due to one wheel 0.00 kN/m per metre width of slab
Shear in cantilever slab 0.00 kN/m per metre width of slab
Shear in cantilever slab including impact 0.00 kN per metre width of slab
Maximum Bending moment due to live load 0.000 kNm per metre width of slab
Bending moment including impact 0.000 kNm per metre width of slab
Bending moment due to load 40KN Wheel:
Wheel load, W1 40.00 KN
Tyre contact length along Cantilever span, x 0.30 m
Tyre contact length across cantilever span, y 0.30 m
Wheel load's CG distance from rib face, X 0.50 m
slab depth X far from beam edge towards cantilever 225.61 mm
Dispersion width of load along span of cantilever 0.93 < 2.05
Thickness of slab at dispersed end of cantilever 487.79 mm
load length in the cantilever 0.93 m
Portion of load in the cantilever 40.00 KN
UDL over cantilever 43.21 KN/m
bw 0.850 m
Effective width of slab bef = 1.2*X + bw 1.450 m
Load per meter width of slab 29.80 kN/m per metre width of slab
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Shear in cantilever slab 27.586 KN per metre width of slab
Shear in cantilever slab including impact 41.379 KN per metre width of slab
Maximum Bending moment due to live load 13.793 KNm per metre width of slab
Bending moment including impact 20.690 KNm per metre width of slab
Pedestrian load 1.066 KNm per metre width of slab
Shear force due to pedestrian load 1.066 kN per m width ofslab
Moment due to pedestrian load 1.439 kN-m
Factor of safety for Dead load 1.350
Factor of safety for live load 1.500
Factored BM of DL+LL including Impact 58.968 kN-m 103.2311
Factored SF DL+LL including Impact 84.973 KN 121.2073
Design for Flexure by Limit State Method as per code IRC 112-2011:
compressive strain ecu2 0.0035
compressive strain ec2 0.0020
Provided by manufacturer or assummed, eyk 0.05
Ultimate dessign stain, eud 0.045
Material partial factor of safety for concrete, gc 1.50
Material partial factor of safety for steel, gs 1.15
Youngs modulus of elasticity for steel, Es 200000
strain ratio 0.571
1 - strain ratio 0.429
n 2.00
b1 0.80952
b2 0.41597
1/gs 0.870
α 0.670
α/gc 0.447
Design stress, fcd 20.1000 N/mm2
Permissible Flexural Tensile stress, fyd 434.78 N/mm2
σc 20.100 N/mm2
Design Data:
neutral axis depth factor xu,max/d 0.6169
Lever arm factor, jmin 0.7434
Mu,lim = Kfckbd2 where, K 0.1658
Mu,lim = Rbd2 where, R 7.4617
Design of Cantilever Sab
Assummed bar dia 16.00 mm
Cover 40.00 mm
Effective Depth, d 202.00 mm
Effective depth rqd, d rqd 88.90 < 202.0 OK
Neutral axis depth, xu 18.66 mm
Neutral Axis Depth Ratio, xu/d 0.0924
Lever arm factor, j 0.9616
I Method, A st = M Ed /(f yd jd) 698.25 mm2 I and II Method is
Ast, MEd II method 698.25 mm2 Mathematically the
Min Ast % = 0.85*100/fy 0.170 % Ast 343.40 mm2 same.
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Min. area of steel @ 0.13 % 325.00 mm2
Check for minimum area of steel for slab:
Required 16 + 0 φ bar @ 287.95 mm c/c giving Ast 698.2 mm2
2
Provide 16 + 0 φ bar @ 200.00 mm c/c giving Ast 1005.3 mm
Bar in other direction Steel:
Distribution steel provided for 0.3 x live load moment + 0.2 x dead load moment.
Therefore moment in other direction 14.897 KNm
Assumed bar dia, φ 10.0 mm
Effective Depth provided, d 189.00 mm
Effective depth rqd, d rqd 44.68 < 189.0 OK
Neutral axis depth, xu 4.90 mm
Neutral Axis Depth Ratio, xu/d 0.0259
Lever arm factor, j 0.9892
I Method, A st = M Ed /(f yd jd) 183.26 mm2 I and II Method is
Ast, MEd II method 183.26 mm2 Mathematically the
Min Ast % = 0.85*100/fy 0.170 % Ast 321.30 mm2 same.
Min. area of steel @ 0.13 % 262.60 mm2
Required 10 + 0 φ bar @ 244.44 mm c/c giving Ast 321.30 mm2
Provide 10 + 0 φ bar @ 200.00 mm c/c giving Ast 392.70 mm2
Half reinforcement is to be provided at top and half at bottom. 196.35 mm2
2
Provide 10 φ bar @ 350 mm c/c for both top and bottom, Ast 224.40 mm
Design for Shear by Limit State Method as per code IRC 112-2011:
Axial comprressive stress, scp 0.0000 N/mm2
Factored DL + LL shear including impact 84.97 kN
slope of bottom line of cantilever slab, tanb 0.100
M B2 2 M B3

Shear stress, t 0.285 N/mm2
K value 2.0000
Reinforcement ratio ρl 0.0053
nmin 0.588 N/mm2
tRdc1 0.636 N/mm2
tRdc,min 0.588 KN
Permissible shear stress tRdc N/mm2 0.636 > 0.285 OK

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Harpan River bridge

A. Design of Two Way Slab by LSM: IRC 112-2012
1.0 Design Data
1.1. Materials and its Properties:
Concrete: M45 45 N/mm2
Reinforcement:Fe500 500 N/mm2
1.2. Geometrical Properties:
Deck slab thickness  st
M
 j  d
250 mm for Bending Moment
Deck slab thickness 400 mm for Shear force
After Anaysis for IRC Class A, Class 70R wheel and 70R track Loading Cases
Governing Moment and Shear force
MB along short span 116.90 KNm for Class AA_T track
ML along long span 34.43 KNm for Class AA_T track
Maximum shear force VEd 199.99 KN for Class AA_T track
compressive strain ecu2 0.0035
compressive strain ec2 0.0020
Provided by manufacturer or assummed, eyk 0.05
Ultimate dessign stain, eud 0.045
Material partial factor of safety for concrete, gc 1.50
Material partial factor of safety for steel, gs 1.15
Youngs modulus of elasticity for steel, Es 200000
strain ratio 0.571
1 - strain ratio 0.429
n 2.00
b1 0.80952
b2 0.41597
1/gs 0.870
α 0.670
α/gc 0.447
Design stress, fcd 20.1000
Permissible Flexural Tensile stress, fyd 434.78
σc 20.100

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Design Data:
neutral axis depth factor xu,max/d 0.6169
Lever arm factor, jmin 0.7434
2
Mu,lim = Kfckbd where, K 0.1658
2
Mu,lim = Rbd where, R 7.4617
Design of Sab
Assummed main bar dia 20.0 mm
Cover 40.0 mm
Effective Depth provided, d 200.00 mm
Effective depth rqd, d rqd = 125.17 < 200.0 OK
Neutral axis depth, xu 39.10 mm
Neutral Axis Depth Ratio, xu/d 0.1955
Lever arm factor, j 0.9187
I Method, A st = M Ed /(f yd jd) 1463.40 mm2 First and Second
Method is
Ast, MEd II method 1463.40 mm2
Mathematically the
Min Ast % = 0.85*100/fy 0.170 % Ast 340.00 mm2 same.
Min. area of steel @ 0.13 % 325.00 mm2
Check for minimum area of steel for slab:
Required 16 + 0 φ bar @ 137.39 mm c/c giving Ast 1463.40 mm2
Provide 16 + 0 φ bar @ 125.00 mm c/c giving Ast 1608.50 mm2
Bar in other direction Steel:
Assummed bar dia 10.0 mm
Effective Depth provided, d 189.00 mm
Effective depth rqd, d rqd = 67.93 < 189.0 OK
Neutral axis depth, xu 11.49 mm
Neutral Axis Depth Ratio, xu/d 0.0608
Lever arm factor, j 0.9747
I Method, A st = M Ed /(f yd jd) 429.82 mm2 First and Second
Method is
Ast, MEd II method 429.82 mm2
Mathematically the
Min Ast % = 0.85*100/fy 0.170 % Ast 321.30 mm2 same.
Min. area of steel @ 0.12 % 240.00 mm2
Required 10 + 0 φ bar @ 182.73 mm c/c giving Ast 429.82 mm2
Provide 10 + 0 φ bar @ 175.00 mm c/c giving Ast 448.80 mm2

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Design for Shear by Limit State Method as per code IRC 112-2011:
Effective depth for shear force, d 352 mm
Ultimate design shear stress, t Ed 0.568 N/mm2
K value 2.0000
Reinfoircement ratio ρl 0.0080
Axial comprressive stress, cp 0.0000 N/mm2
nmin 0.58818 N/mm2
tRdc1 0.729 N/mm2
tRdc,min 0.588 N/mm2
permissible shear stress tRdc N/mm2 0.729 > 0.568 OK

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Harpan River bridge

A. Analysis of Superstructure, Deck Slab for Class A loading
1.0 Design Data
1.1. Materials and its Properties:
2
Concrete: M25 25 N/mm
2
Reinforcement: Fe500 500 N/mm
Self weight of materials as per IRC : 6-2000:
3
Concrete (cement-Reinforced) 25 kN/m
3
Macadam (binder premix) 22 kN/m
1.2. Geometrical Properties:
Effective Span of Bridge 35.00 m
Total length of span 35.56 m
Numbers of span 2.00
Total length of Bridge 71.12 m
Nos. of longitudinal Girder 2 Nos.
Spacing of Mian girders 4m
Width of main girder 300 mm
Overall depth of main girder 2200 mm
Depth of footpath above deck slab 275 mm
Spacing of cross girder 11.67 m
Nos. of cross girder in the mid-spans 2.00 Nos/span
Nos. of cross girder in the end-spans 2.00 Nos/span
Rib width of cross girder 300 mm
Overall depth of cross girder 1650.00 mm
Deck slab thickness 250 mm
Cantilever slab thickness in junction 250 mm
Deck slab thickness at edge 150 mm
Thickness of wearing coat 75 mm
Fillet size (horizontal) 450 mm
Fillet size (vertical) 150 mm
Bridge Width:
Carriageway width in the left of island 0m
Carriageway width in the right of island 6.00 m
Footpath width cum kerb at left of island 0m
width of island 0.00 m
Kerb or railing in the right of island 0.30 m
Size of Railing Post 0.15 m
Space Behind Railing Post 0.05 m
Total Width of deck slab 6.30 m
Total depth of footpath at edge 0.425 m
Thickness of wearing coat 0.075 m
2.0 Design of Interior Panels: The slab panel is designed by Pigeaud’s method.
Clear Long span of slab, Ls 11.367 m
Clear Short span of slab, Bs 3.700 m
Depth of slab D 0.250 m

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Deck slab RCC

Calculation of Bending moments Impact factor 0.250
a) Due to Dead load:
2
Self weight of wearing coat 1.650 kN/m
2
Self weight of deck slab 6.250 kN/m
2
Total dead udl in the slab 7.900 kN/m
For rectangular slabs supported on all four sides,
Pigeaud's curve can be used to calculate moments.
For rectangular slabs supported on all four sides, Tables for Analysis of Pates, Slabs
diaphragms based on eastic theory can also used to calcuate moments.
Ratio, k = Bs/Ls = 0.325513 Ratio, k' = Ls/Bs 3.072072 > 2.0
As the panel is loaded with UDL, Assumming Poison ratio, ν 0.15
u/Bs = 1
v/Ls = 1
Where, u & v are the dimensions of the loaded area.
From the Pigeaud’s curve,
mx = 0.03839
my = 0.00163
2
Total dead load W = 332.248 kN Load intensity q 7.90 kN/m
Short span Moment, MB 12.84 kN-m
Long spanMoment, ML 2.45 kN-m
Considering effects of continuity, Factor 0.8
Short span Moment, MB 10.27 kN-m
Long spanMoment, ML 1.96 kN-m
b) Due to Live load:
Due to IRC class A loading
To achieve the maximum bending moment and the requirements of Pigeaud's curve,
we place one of the wheels of IRC Class A at the centre of the slab and the other at
1.2m from it. Wheel distances in vehicle direction 1.20 m
Tyre contact length along short span, x 0.50 m
Tyre contact length along long span, y 0.25 m
But the loading is not symmetrical. To make it so, we add an imaginary load W3 = W2
on the other side of W1 and caculate the moments accordingly.
Bending moment due to load W1: Placed at the centre of slab
Wheel load, W1 = 57 kN
Dimension of load spread along the span, u 0.650 m
Dimension of load spread along the span, v 0.400 m
Ratio, k = Bs/Ls 0.326
u/Bs 0.176
v/Ls 0.035
From the Pigeaud’s curve,
m1 = 0.2325
m2 = 0.1747
Short span Moment, MB1 14.7 kN-m

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Long span Moment,ML2 11.9 kN-m

Bending moment due to load W2:
Wheel load W2 57 kN
W2
Intensity of loading, q =  219.2 kN/m
2
uv
Considering loaded area 0.650 x 2.800 m
2
Load dispersion area 1.820 m
Total applied load 399.00 kN
Loaded length, u 0.650 m
Loaded width, v 2.800 m
Ratio, k = Bs/Ls 0.33
u/Bs = 0.176
v/Ls = 0.246
From the Pigeaud’s curve,
m1 = 0.17055
m2 = 0.04947
Short span Moment, MB1 71.0 kN-m
Long span Moment,ML2 29.9 kN-m
Considering loaded area 0.65000 x 2.00000 m
2
Load dispersion area = 1.300 m
Total applied load = q x area = 285.00 kN
Loaded length, u = 0.650 m
Loaded width, v = 2.000 m
Ratio, k = Bs/Ls = 0.33
u/Bs = 0.176
v/Ls = 0.176
From the Pigeaud’s curve,
m1 = 0.18899
m2 = 0.07147
Short span Momennt, MB3 57 kN-m
Long span Moment, ML3 28 kN-m
M B2 2 M B3


Bending moment due to IRC class A loading as per the Pigeaud's curve,
M B2  M B3
MB =  7.0 kN-m
2

M L2  M L3
ML =  -0.7 kN-m
2
Total Bending Moment due to load W1 & W2 will be,
MB 21.8 kN-m
ML 11.2 kN-m
Bending moment including impact and continuity,
MB 21.8 kN-m
ML 11.2 kN-m

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Calculation of Shear Force

a) Due to Dead load:
2
Self weight of wearing coat 1.65 kN/m
2
Self weight of deck slab 6.25 kN/m
2
Total dead udl in the slab 7.9 kN/m
Dead load shear force 11.03 kN/m
b) Due to Live load:
Due to IRC class A loading
Shear force due to load W1:
Dispersion width in the direction of short span 1.15 m
for maximum loading, wheel is placed at distance of 0.575 m from edge
of girder. The second wheel is at the distance of 1.8m from it.
 x
α x  1    bw
Effective width for first wheel =  l 
Where, x 0.575 m
bw 0.40 m
For b/lo 3.072 α = 3.00
Therefore, Effective width 1.857 m
But distance between axle is 1.2 m and hence effective width overlaps.
Average effective width / wheel 1.528 m
Load W1 57 kN
Load per meter width of slab 37.3 kN/m
And shear force 31.5 kN
Shear force including impact 39.4 kN
Shear force due to load W2:
Effective width for second wheel =
Where, x= 1.325 m
bw = 0.40 m
For b/lo = 3.07 α = 3.00
Therefore, Effective width = 2.952 m > 1.2 m
But distance between axle is 1.2 m and hence effective width overlaps.
Average effective width / wheel 2.076 m
Load W2 = 57 kN
Load per meter width of slab = 27.46 kN/m
And shear force = 17.63 kN
Shear force including impact = 22.03 kN
Total shear IRC class A loading = 61.40 kN
Summary of Bending Moment and Shear Force
Dead load factor of satety 1.35
Live load Factor of safety 1.50
Total Bending moment due to DL + LL, MB 32.1 kN-m Without FOS
Total Bending moment due to DL + LL, ML 13.2 kN-m Without FOS
Total Shear force 72.4 kN Without FOS
For Limit state Method
Factored MB = 46.55 kN-m

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Factored ML = 19.44 kN-m

Factored S.F. = 106.99 kN

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Harpan River bridge

A. Analysis of Superstructure, Deck Slab for IRC Class 70R_W loading
1.0 Design Data
1.1. Materials and its Properties:
2
Concrete: M25 25 N/mm
2
Reinforcement: Fe500 500 N/mm
Self weight of materials as per IRC : 6-2000:
3
Concrete (cement-Reinforced) 25 kN/m
3
Macadam (binder premix) 22 kN/m
1.2. Geometrical Properties:
Effective Span of Bridge 35.00 m
Total length of span 35.56 m
Numbers of span 2.00
Total length of Bridge 71.12 m
Nos. of longitudinal Girder 2 Nos.
Spacing of Mian girders 4m
Width of main girder 300 mm
Overall depth of main girder 2200 mm
Depth of footpath above deck slab 275 mm
Spacing of cross girder 11.67 m
Nos. of cross girder in the mid-spans 2.00 Nos/span
Nos. of cross girder in the end-spans 2.00 Nos/span
Rib width of cross girder 300 mm
Overall depth of cross girder 1650.00 mm
Deck slab thickness 250 mm
Cantilever slab thickness in junction 250 mm
Deck slab thickness at edge 150 mm
Thickness of wearing coat 75 mm
Fillet size (horizontal) 450 mm
Fillet size (vertical) 150 mm
Bridge Width:
Carriageway width in the left of island 0m
Carriageway width in the right of island 7.50 m
Footpath width cum kerb at left of island 0m
width of island 0.00 m
Kerb or railing in the right of island 0.30 m
Size of Railing Post 0.15 m
Space Behind Railing Post 0.05 m
Total Width of deck slab 7.80 m
Total depth of footpath  st
M
 j  d
0.425 m
Thickness of wearing coat 0.075 m
2.0 Design of Interior Panels: The slab panel is designed by Pigeaud’s method.
Clear Long span of slab, Ls 11.367 m
Clear Short span of slab, Bs 3.700 m
Depth of slab D 0.250 m

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Deck slab RCC

Calculation of Bending moments Impact factor 0.25
a) Due to Dead load:
2
Self weight of wearing coat 1.650 kN/m
2
Self weight of deck slab 6.250 kN/m
2
Total dead udl in the slab 7.900 kN/m
For rectangular slabs supported on all four sides,
Pigeaud's curve can be used to calculate moments.
For rectangular slabs supported on all four sides, Tables for Analysis of Pates, Slabs
diaphragms based on eastic theory can also used to calcuate moments.
Ratio, k = Bs/Ls = 0.325513 Ratio, k' = Ls/Bs 3.072072 > 2.0
As the panel is loaded with UDL, Assumming Poison ratio 0.15
u/Bs = 1
v/Ls = 1
Where, u & v are the dimensions of the loaded area.
From the Pigeaud’s curve,
mx = 0.03839
my = 0.00163
2
Total dead load W = 332.248 kN Load intensity q= 7.90 kN/m
Short span Moment, MB 12.84 kN-m mm
Long spanMoment, ML 2.45 kN-m
Considering effects of continuity, Factor 0.8
Short span Moment, MB 10.27 kN-m
Long spanMoment, ML 1.96 kN-m
b) Due to Live load:
Due to IRC class 70R_W loading
To achieve the maximum bending moment and the requirements of Pigeaud's curve,
we place one of the wheels of IRC Class 70R_W at the centre of the slab and the other at
1.37m from it. Wheel distances in vehicle direction 1.37 m
Tyre contact length along short span, x 0.86 m
Tyre contact length along long span, y 0.41 m
But the loading is not symmetrical. To make it so, we add an imaginary load W3 = W2
on the other side of W1 and caculate the moments accordingly.
Bending moment due to load W1: Placed at the centre of slab
Wheel load, W1 = 85 kN
Dimension of load spread along the span, u 1.010 m
Dimension of load spread along the span, v 0.560 m
Ratio, k = Bs/Ls 0.33
u/Bs 0.27
v/Ls 0.05
From the Pigeaud’s curve,
m1 = 0.1977
m2 = 0.1446
Short span Moment, MB1 18.6 kN-m

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Long span Moment,ML2 14.8 kN-m

Bending moment due to load W2:
Wheel load W2 85 kN
W2
Intensity of loading, q =  150.3 kN/m
2
uv
Considering loaded area 1.010 x 3.30 m
2
Load dispersion area 3.333 m
Total applied load 500.89 kN
Loaded length, u 1.01000 m
Loaded width, v 3.30000 m
Ratio, k = Bs/Ls 0.33
u/Bs = 0.273
v/Ls = 0.290
From the Pigeaud’s curve,
m1 = 0.14861
m2 = 0.03884
Short span Moment, MB1 77.4 kN-m
Long span Moment,ML2 30.6 kN-m
Considering loaded area 1.01000 x 2.18000 m
2
Load dispersion area = 2.202 m
Total applied load = q x area = 330.89 kN
Loaded length, u = 1.01000 m
Loaded width, v = 2.18000 m
Ratio, k = Bs/Ls = 0.33
u/Bs = 0.273
v/Ls = 0.192
From the Pigeaud’s curve,
m1 = 0.16843
m2 = 0.06394
Short span Momennt, MB3 59 kN-m
Long span Moment, ML3 30 kN-m
M B2 2 M B3


Bending moment due to IRC class A loading as per the Pigeaud's curve,
M B2  M B3
MB =  9.2 kN-m
2

M L2  M L3
ML =  -0.6 kN-m
2
Total Bending Moment due to load W1 & W2 will be,
MB 27.9 kN-m
ML 14.3 kN-m
Bending moment including impact and continuity,
MB 27.9 kN-m
ML 14.3 kN-m

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Calculation of Shear Force

a) Due to Dead load:
2
Self weight of wearing coat 1.65 kN/m
2
Self weight of deck slab 6.25 kN/m
2
Total dead udl in the slab 7.9 kN/m
Dead load shear force 11.03 kN/m
b) Due to Live load:
Due to IRC class A loading
Shear force due to load W1:
Dispersion width in the direction of short span 1.51 m
for maximum loading, wheel is placed at distance of 0.755 m from edge
of girder. The second wheel is at the distance of 2.04m from it.
 x
α x 1   bw
Effective width for first wheel =  l 
Where, x 0.755 m
bw 0.56 m
For b/lo 3.07 α = 3.00
Therefore, Effective width 2.361 m
But distance between axle is 1.37 m and hence effective width overlaps.
Average effective width / wheel 1.866 m
Load W1 85 kN
Load per meter width of slab 45.6 kN/m
And shear force 36.3 kN
Shear force including impact 45.3 kN
Shear force due to load W2:
Effective width for second wheel =
Where, x= 0.905 m
bw = 0.56 m
For b/lo = 3.07 α = 3.00
Therefore, Effective width = 2.609 m < 1.37 m
But distance between axle is 1.37 m and hence effective width does not overlap.
Average effective width / wheel 1.989 m
Load W2 = 85 kN
Load per meter width of slab = 42.72 kN/m
And shear force = 32.27 kN
Shear force including impact = 40.34 kN
Total shear IRC class 7R_W loading = 86 kN
Summary of Bending Moment and Shear Force
Dead load factor of satety 1.35
Live load Factor of safety 1.50
Total Bending moment due to DL + LL, MB 38.1 kN-m Without FOS
Total Bending moment due to DL + LL, ML 16.2 kN-m Without FOS
Total Shear force 96.7 kN Without FOS
For Limit state Method
Factored MB = 55.67 kN-m

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Factored ML = 24.04 kN-m

Factored S.F. = 143.40 kN

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Harpan River bridge

A. Analysis of Superstructure, Deck Slab for IRC Class 70R_T loading
1.0 Design Data
1.1. Materials and its Properties:
2
Concrete: M25 25 N/mm
2
Reinforcement: Fe500 500 N/mm
Self weight of materials as per IRC : 6-2000:
3
Concrete (cement-Reinforced) 25 kN/m
3
Macadam (binder premix) 22 kN/m
1.2. Geometrical Properties:
Effective Span of Bridge 35.00 m
Total length of span 35.56 m
Numbers of span 2
Total length of Bridge 71.12 m
Nos. of longitudinal Girder 2 Nos.
Spacing of Mian girders 4m
Width of main girder 300 mm
Overall depth of main girder 2200 mm
Depth of footpath above deck slab 275 mm
Spacing of cross girder 11.67 m
Nos. of cross girder in the mid-spans 2.00 Nos
Nos. of cross girder in the end-spans 2.00 Nos
Rib width of cross girder 300 mm
Overall depth of cross girder 1650.00 mm
Deck slab thickness 250 mm
Cantilever slab thickness in junction 250 mm
Deck slab thickness at edge 150 mm
Thickness of wearing coat 75 mm
Fillet size (horizontal) 450 mm
Fillet size (vertical) 150 mm
Bridge Width:
Carriageway width in the left of island 0m
Carriageway width in the right of island 6.00 m
Footpath width cum kerb at left of island 0m
width of island 0m
Kerb or railing in the right of island 0.30 m
Size of Railing Post 0.15 m
Space Behind Railing Post 0.05 m
Total Width of deck slab 6.30 m
Total depth of footpath  st
M
 j  d
0.425 m
Thickness of wearing coat 0.075 m
2.0 Design of Interior Panels: The slab panel is designed by Pigeaud’s method.
Clear Long span of slab, Ls 11.367 m
Clear Short span of slab, Bs 3.700 m
Depth of slab D 0.250 m

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Deck slab RCC

Calculation of Bending moments Impact factor 0.5
a) Due to Dead load:
2
Self weight of wearing coat 1.650 kN/m
2
Self weight of deck slab 6.250 kN/m
2
Total dead udl in the slab 7.900 kN/m
For rectangular slabs supported on all four sides,
Pigeaud's curve can be used to calculate moments.
For rectangular slabs supported on all four sides, Tables for Analysis of Pates, Slabs
diaphragms based on eastic theory can also used to calcuate moments.
Ratio, k = Bs/Ls = 0.325513 Ratio, k' = Ls/Bs 3.072 > 2.0
As the panel is loaded with UDL, Assumming Poison ratio 0.15
u/Bs = 1
v/Ls = 1
Where, u & v are the dimensions of the loaded area.
From the Pigeaud’s curve,
mx = 0.03839
my = 0.00163
2
Total dead load W = 332.248 kN Load intensity q= 7.90 kN/m
Short span Moment, MB 12.84 kN-m mm
Long spanMoment, ML 2.45 kN-m
Considering effects of continuity, Factor 0.8
Short span Moment, MB 10.27 kN-m
Long spanMoment, ML 1.96 kN-m
b) Due to Live load:
Due to IRC class 70R_T loading
To achieve the maximum bending moment and the requirements of Pigeaud's curve,
we place one of the wheels of IRC Class 70R_T at the centre of the slab and other at
0.0m from it Wheel distances in vehicle direction 0.00 m
Tyre contact length along short span, x 0.84 m
Tyre contact length along long span, y 4.57 m
But the loading is not symmetrical. To make it so, we add an imaginary load W3 = W2
on the other side of W1 and caculate the moments accordingly.
Bending moment due to load W1: Placed at the centre of slab
Wheel load, W1 = 350 kN
Dimension of load spread along the span, u 0.990 m
Dimension of load spread along the span, v 4.720 m
Ratio, k = Bs/Ls 0.33
u/Bs 0.27
v/Ls 0.42
From the Pigeaud’s curve,
m1 = 0.127664
m2 = 0.0212
Short span Moment, MB1 45.8 kN-m mm

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M B2 2 M B3

Long span Moment,ML1 14.1 kN-m
Total Bending Moment due to load W1 & W2 will be,
MB 45.8 kN-m
ML 14.1 kN-m
Bending moment including impact and continuity,
MB 68.7 kN-m
ML 21.2 kN-m
Calculation of Shear Force
a) Due to Dead load:
2
Self weight of wearing coat 1.65 kN/m
2
Self weight of deck slab 6.25 kN/m
2
Total dead udl in the slab 7.9 kN/m
Dead load shear force 11.03 kN/m
b) Due to Live load:
Due to IRC class A loading
Shear force due to load W1:
Dispersion width in the direction of short span 1.49 m
for maximum loading, wheel is placed at distance of 0.745 m from edge
of girder. The second wheel is at the distance of 2.06m from it.
 x
α x 1   bw
Effective width for first wheel =  l 
Where, x 0.745 m
bw 4.72 m
For b/lo 3.07 α = 3.00
Therefore, Effective width 6.503 m
But distance cross girder is 11 m and hence effective width does not overlaps.
Average effective width / wheel 6.503 m
Load W1 350 kN
Load per meter width of slab 53.8 kN/m
And shear force 43.0 kN
Shear force including impact 64.5 kN
Shear force due to load W2:
Effective width for second wheel =
Where, x= 0.895 m
bw = 4.72 m
For b/lo = 3.07 α = 3.00
Therefore, Effective width = 6.754 m < 11.66667 cross girder spacing
There is no chance of overlap because it is track vehicle.
Average effective width / wheel 6.754 m
Load W2 = 350 kN
Load per meter width of slab = 51.82 kN/m
And shear force = 39.29 kN
Shear force including impact = 58.93 kN
Total shear IRC class 70R_T loading = 123 kN
Summary of Bending Moment and Shear Force

HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

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 HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

Dead load factor of satety 1.35

Live load Factor of safety 1.50
Total Bending moment due to DL + LL, MB 79.0 kN-m Without FOS
Total Bending moment due to DL + LL, ML 23.1 kN-m Without FOS
Total Shear force 134 kN Without FOS
For Limit state Method
Factored MB = 116.90 kN-m
Factored ML = 34.43 kN-m
Factored S.F. = 199.99 kN

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HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

41
HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

42
 HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

s girder spacing

HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

43
HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

44
 HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

REACTION FACTORS RF (HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE )

Motorable Bridge (span of 35m)
1.0 IRC Class 70R Tracked Vehicle Loading:
Reacion on the Girder will be maximum when the eccentricity is maximum. Eccetricity will be maximum
when the loads are very near to the kerb. Position of loads for maximum eccentrictiy is shown in Figure.
W1 W1
1200 1620 2060 2320 1200

Kerb Kerb

6000
2000 2000
RA RC
Number of Girder 2.000 Nos
Eccentricity 350.00 mm
Total Load is W 2.000 W1
Reaction Factor for outer support, RA 0.588 W
Therefore Reaction Factor for RC 0.413 W
2.0 IRC Class 70R Wheeled Vehicle Loading:
Reacion on the Girder will be maximum when the eccentricity is maximum. Eccetricity will be maximum
when the loads are very near to the kerb. Position of loads for maximum eccentrictiy is shown in Figure.
W1 W1
1200 1630 1930 2440 1200

Kerb Kerb

6000
2000 2000
RA RC
Number of Girder 2.000 Nos
Eccentricity 405.000 mm
Total Load is W 2.000 W1
Reaction Factor for outer support, RA 0.601 W
Therefore Reaction Factor for RC 0.399 W
3.0 IRC Class A Wheel Vehicle:
Reacion on the Girder will be maximum when the eccentricity is maximum. Eccetricity will be maximum
when the loads are very near to the kerb. Position of loads for maximum eccentrictiy is shown in Figure.
W1 W1
1200 400 1800 1600.00 1800 400 1200

Kerb Kerb

6000
2000 2000
RA RC
Number of Girder 2.000 Nos.
Eccentricity, e 0.000 mm
Total Load is W 4.000 W1
Reaction Factor for outer support, RA 0.500 W
Therefore Reaction Factor for Rc 0.500 W

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 HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

BRIDGE NAME: HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

DEAD LOAD ANALYSIS AND SECTION PROPERTIES OF 2T - GIRDER
General: Demension Detail of Slab:
Span of Bridge 35 m Thickness of Slab 250 mm
2
Pedestrian Load 500 Kg/m Cantilever slab minimum thickness 150 mm
Double lane bridge, Lane 2 Nos. Cantiever slab maximum thickness 250 mm
No of Footpath 2 Nos. Overhang from C/C of web both side 2.2 mm
3
Specific Weight of Concrete 25 KN/m Thickness of bottom slab in mid-span 315 mm
Specific Weight of Wearing Coat 22 KN/m3 Kerb thickness 275 mm
Carriageway width 6.0 m Wearing coat thickness 75 mm
Total deck width 8.40 m Foothpath width bothside 1.20 m
Void length in foothpath for utility 0.00 m Void depth in foothpath for utility 0.000 m
Demensions of 2T Girder at mid-section: Demensions of 2T Girder at end-section:
Number of Deck, bottom flange 1.00 Nos. Number of Deck, bottom flange 1.00 Nos.
Width of web, bw 0.30 m Width of web, bw 0.750 m
Depth of Web, dw 1.635 m Depth of Web, dw 1.635 m
Number of edge main girder 2.00 Nos. Number of webs or Girder 2.00 Nos.
Number of middle main girder 0.00 Nos. Number of middle girder 0.00 Nos.
Horizontal dimension of Top fillet inner 0.45 m Horizontal dimension of Top fillet inner 0.45 m
Horizontal dimension of Top fillet outer 0.00 m Horizontal dimension of Top fillet outer 0.00 m
Top fillet number 2.00 Nos. Top fillet number 2.00 Nos.
Horizontal dimension of Bottom inner 0.225 m Horizontal dimension of Bottom inner 0 m
Vertical dimension of Top fillet inner 0.150 m Vertical dimension of Top fillet inner 0.150 m
Vertical dimension of Top fillet outer 0 m Vertical dimension of Top fillet outer 0 m
Vertical dimension of bottom fillet 0.1125 m Vertical dimension of bottom fillet 0 m
Bottom fillet number 2.00 Nos. Bottom fillet number 0.00 Nos.
Spacing of webs or C/C of web 4.00 m Spacing of webs or C/C of web 4.00 m
C/C of edge webs 4.00 m C/C of edge webs 4.00 m
Top Flange Width or total deck width bft 8.40 m Top Flange Width or total deck width bft 8.4 m
Bottom Flange width, bfb 1.05 m Bottom Flange width, bfb 1.50 m
Thickness of Top flange, tft 0.25 m Thickness of Top flange, tft 0.25 m
Thickness of Bottom flange, tfb 0.315 m Thickness of Bottom flange, tfb 0.315 m
Total depth of T- girder 2.200 m Total depth of Box girder 2.200 m
Demensions of Cross Girder in mid-span sections: Demension of Cross Girder at end section:
Width of Cross Girders 0.300 m Width of Cross Girder 0.450 m
Spacing of Cross girder 11.67 m Spacing of Cross girder 11.67 m
Top Horizontal fillet inner 0.450 m Top Horizontal fillet inner 0.450 m
Top vertical fillet inner 0.150 m Top vertical fillet inner 0.150 m
Number of span 1.000 Nos Number of span 1.000 Nos
Depth of Cross Girder 1.10 m Depth of Cross Girder 1.100 m
Number of mid-span Cross girders 2.00 Nos Number of End-span Cross girders 2.00 Nos
Sectional Properties of Edge Girder at mid section
2 3
Area m A*Y m Ixx m4 4
Iyy m Wdth m Depth m Areafactor Nos KN/m Ax
Top Slab(without cantilever) 0.4625 0.0578 0.143 0.1319 1.8500 0.2500 1.00 1.00 11.563 0.25
Cantilever rectangular 0.3075 0.0231 0.11172 1.2770 2.0500 0.1500 1.00 1.00 7.688 0.18
Cantilever triangular 0.1025 0.0188 0.02496 0.2891 2.0500 0.1000 0.50 1.00 2.563 0.06
Bottom Bulb/Slab 0.1418 0.2895 0.26578 0.0006 0.2250 0.3150 1.00 2.00 3.544 0.00

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 HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

Web 0.6600 0.7260 0.38474 2.64495 0.3000 2.2000 1.00 1.00 16.500 0.07
Top Fillets 0.0338 0.0101 0.00482 115491 0.4500 0.1500 0.50 1.00 0.844 0.00
Bottom Filletinner + outer 0.0253 0.0468 0.03474 86621 0.2250 0.1125 0.50 2.00 0.633 0.00
SUM 1.7333 1.1721 0.96969 202116 2.20 43.333 0.56
Area of section, A 1733312.5 mm2 A 1.73331 m2 for edge girder
CG for top fibreYt 676.21 mm Yt 0.67621 m for edge girder
CG from bottom fibre Yb 1523.79 mm Yb 1.52379 m for edge girder
3 3
Section modulus (for top) Zt ########### mm Zt 1.43402 m for edge girder
3 3
Section modulus (for bottom) Zb 636369072.8 mm Zb 0.63637 m for edge girder
4 4
Moment of inertia of 1T-beam, Ix 969693695895 mm Ix 0.96969 m for edge girder
3 3
Aabove CGx about CG 564039088.7 mm Ax 0.56404 m for edge girder
Sectional Properties of Edge Girder at End section
2 3 4
Area mm A*Y mm Ixx mm Iyy mm4 Wdth mm Depth mm Areafactor Nos KN/m Ax
Top Slab 0.4063 0.0508 0.2768 0.0894 1.6250 0.2500 1.00 1.00 10.16 0.33
Cantilever rectangular 0.2738 0.0205 0.2088 0.8906 1.8250 0.1500 1.00 1.00 6.84 0.24
Cantilever triangular 0.0913 0.0167 0.0533 0.2011 1.8250 0.1000 0.50 1.00 2.28 0.07
Bottom Flange/Slab 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3150 1.00 2.00 0.00 0.00
Web 1.6500 2.2275 0.9331 0.0858 0.7500 2.2000 1.00 1.00 41.25 0.34
Top Fillets 0.0338 0.0101 0.0142 250.688 0.4500 0.1500 0.50 1.00 0.84 0.00
Bottom Filletinner + outer 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.50 2.00 0.00 0.00
SUM 2.4550 2.3257 1.4862 251.955 2.2000 61.375 0.98
Area of section 2455000 mm2 A 2.45500 m2 for edge girder
CG for top fibreYt 947.32 mm Y t 0.94732 mm for edge girder
CG from bottom fibre Yb 1252.68 mm Yb 1.25268 mm for edge girder
3 3
Top fibre section modulus Zt ########### mm Zt 1.56884 mm for edge girder
3
Bottom fibre section modulus Zb ########### mm Zb 1.18641 mm3 for edge girder
4 4
Moment of inertia of 1T-beam, Ix 1486192241952 mm Ix 1.48619 mm for edge girder
3
Aabove CGx about CG 983669702.7 mm Ax 0.98367 for edge girder
Load Calculation:
UDL Dead Load at Transfer
Dead Load of Box Girder through out 86.666 KN/m Calculated for whole width
Extra Partial UDL at the end 36.084 KN/m upto
Concentrated Dead Load at Transfer
Number of concentrated load in mid-span 2.00 Nos Calculated for whole bridge width
Cross beam concentrated load in mid-span 23.59 KN Calculated for whole bridge width
Fillet of cross beam, Concentrated load 6.244 KN Calculated for whole bridge width
Concentrated Load in mid-sapn 29.831 KN Calculated for whole bridge width
Number of concentrated load in end-span 2.00 Nos
Cross beam concentrated load in end-span 31.08 KN
Fillet of cross beam, Concentrated load 5.48 KN
Concentrated load in end-span 36.563 KN
Total Concentrated load 132.788 KN Calculated for whole bridge width
UDL Dead Load at working stage
Dead Load of Foothpath Cum Kerb 16.50 KN/m
Dead load void in footpath to be deducted 0.00 KN/m
Dead Load of Railing apporximately assumed 0.85 KN/m Assumed for whole bridge width

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 HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

Dead Load of Wearing Course 9.90 KN/m Calculated for whole bridge width
Concentrated railing post 1.15 KN/m Calculated for whole bridge width
Dead Load for working stage 28.40 KN/m Calculated for whole bridge width
UDL Pedestrian Live Load at working stage
Additional footpath Pedestrian Load, PL 2.126 KN/m Calculated for whole bridge width Using IRC 6 2010
Carriageway Pedestrian Load, PL 0.000 KN/m Calculated for whole bridge width Using IRC 6 2010
Pedestrian load for working stage 2.126 KN/m Calculated for whole bridge width Using IRC 6 2010
Total load UDL at Working stage 30.53 KN/m Calculated for whole bridge width Using IRC 6 2010
Load Summary:
At Transfer Ist Stage loading
UDL Dead Load at Transfer 86.666 KN/m Calculated for whole bridge width
Extra Partial UDL at the end 36.084 KN/m Calculated for whole bridge width
Concentrated DL 2T girder at transfer 29.831 KN Calculated for whole bridge width
Concentrated load at end 44.747 KN
At Working/Service IInd Stage loading
UDL Deck WC and Railing at working 28.402 KN/m Calculated for whole bridge width
UDL Pedestrian Load at working 2.126 KN/m Calculated for whole bridge width
UDL Cariageway Pedestrian Load at working 0.000 KN/m Calculated for whole bridge width
Total UDL at Transfer and working 117.19 KN/m Calculated for whole bridge width

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 HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

BRIDGE NAME: HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

Calculation of theoritcal elongations of cables
Prestressing force/cable, P 2515.00 KN
Young's modulus of Elasticity, E 195000 N/mm2
Cable specification 19 19K13 12.7 mm
Area of one wire Aw 98.70 mm 2
Areafactor 0.7791
Area of one cable 1875.30 mm2
Cable stress due to Prestressing force 1341.12 N/mm2
% Cable strain due to Prestressing force 0.68775 %
Prestressing activities from both ends of T-Girder
Emerging Required
Extension of cable Single stage of
Cable ID L,m angle in Jacking Number of cabes
per side, mm pre-stressging
Degree force
1st
D, 1/ L 35.971 123.697 7.036 2515.00 Emergency Spares 0
2nd
2/ L 35.949 123.620 6.002 2515.00 PS 1
3rd
3/ L 35.931 123.558 4.964 2515.00 PS 1
4th
4/ L 35.902 123.459 3.923 2515.00 PS 1
5th
5,6/ L 35.900 123.452 0.000 2515.00 PS 2

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 HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

BRIDGE NAME: HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

COORDINATES: Coordinate system:
X (Global Coordinate System) = 0 at the support/bearing centre +ve along the vehicle direction
Y (Global Coordinate System) = 0 at soffit of T - Girder +ve vertical upward
Z (Local Coordinate) = 0 at centre of respective web
D for Dummy and L for Layer of cable at the end or at support
rth
L Stands for rth layer and C. no. Stands for cable number
COORDINATES OF CABLES:
X in metre -0.45 0 2 4 6 8
rth
C. No./ L Y Z Y Z Y Z Y Z Y Z Y Z
1st
D, 1/ L 1826.3 0.0 1770.0 0.0 1537.2 0.0 1332.7 0.0 1156.4 0.0 1008.3 0.0
2/2ndL 1477.9 0.0 1430.0 0.0 1231.7 0.0 1057.5 0.0 907.3 0.0 781.1 0.0
3rd
3/ L 1129.6 0.0 1090.0 0.0 926.2 0.0 782.3 0.0 658.2 0.0 554.0 0.0
4th
4/ L 781.3 0.0 750.0 0.0 620.7 0.0 507.1 0.0 409.1 0.0 326.8 0.0
5th
5/ L 150.0 -175.0 150.0 -175.0 150.0 -175.0 150.0 -175.0 150.0 -175.0 150.0 -175.0
6/6thL 150.0 175.0 150.0 175.0 150.0 175.0 150.0 175.0 150.0 175.0 150.0 175.0

COORDINATES OF CABLES:
X in metre 10 12 14 16 17.5
rth
C. No./ L Y Z Y Z Y Z Y Z Y Z
1st
D, 1/ L 888.4 0.0 796.7 0.0 733.2 0.0 697.9 0.0 690.0 0.0
2nd
2/ L 679.0 0.0 600.9 0.0 546.8 0.0 516.8 0.0 510.0 0.0
3rd
3/ L 469.6 0.0 405.1 0.0 360.4 0.0 335.6 0.0 330.0 0.0
4th
4/ L 260.2 0.0 209.3 0.0 174.0 0.0 154.4 0.0 150.0 0.0
5th
5/ L 150.0 -175.0 150.0 -175.0 150.0 -175.0 150.0 -175.0 150.0 -175.0
6/6thL 150.0 175.0 150.0 175.0 150.0 175.0 150.0 175.0 150.0 175.0

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 HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

IRC CLASS A LOADING

Simply Supported Motorable Bridge (Harpan River Bridge)
Response Calculations:
Effective span of Girder, L 35.0 m
Cantilever beyond the span both sides, a 0.45 m
Reaction Factor 0.500
Reaction Factor for Carriageway pedestrain load 0.000
Type of Bridge RCC
Impact Factor 0.1098
Ordinate of Bending Moment at considered section, Mx = (1-x/L)x
Bending Moment at 1L/8 4.375 m
Vehicle movement in reverse direction Vehicle movement in forward direction
Maximum ILD Ordinates 3.828 3.828
Load Load Position IL Ordinate Moment Load Position IL Ordinate Moment Remarks
detail (kN) from left for Moment KNm (kN) from left for Moment KNm if any
support m support m
W1 27 -0.55000 0.000 0.00 68 0.75000 0.656 44.63
W2 27 0.55 0.481 12.99 68 3.75 3.281 223.13
W3 114 3.75 3.281 374.06 68 6.75 3.531 240.12
W4 114 4.95 3.756 428.21 68 9.75 3.156 214.62
W5 68 9.25 3.219 218.88 114 14.05 2.619 298.54
W6 68 12.25 2.844 193.38 114 15.25 2.469 281.44
W7 68 15.25 2.469 167.88 27 18.45 2.069 55.86
W8 68 18.25 2.094 142.38 27 19.55 1.931 52.14
Total 1537.77 1410.48
Bending Moment at 2L/8 8.75 m
Vehicle movement in reverse direction Vehicle movement in forward direction
Maximum ILD Ordinates 6.563 6.563
Load Load Position IL Ordinate Moment Load Position IL Ordinate Moment Remarks
detail (kN) from left for Moment KNm (kN) from left for Moment KNm if any
support m support m
W1 27 4.45000 3.337 90.11 68 2.75000 2.063 140.25
W2 27 5.55 4.162 112.39 68 5.75 4.313 293.25
W3 114 8.75 6.562 748.12 68 8.75 6.562 446.25
W4 114 9.95 6.263 713.93 68 11.75 5.812 395.25
W5 68 14.25 5.188 352.75 114 16.05 4.737 540.07
W6 68 17.25 4.438 301.75 114 17.25 4.437 505.87
W7 68 20.25 3.688 250.75 27 20.45 3.637 98.21
W8 68 23.25 2.938 199.75 27 21.55 3.362 90.79
Total 2769.55 2509.95
Bending Moment at 3L/8 13.125 m
Vehicle movement in reverse direction Vehicle movement in forward direction

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 HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

Maximum ILD Ordinates 8.203 8.203

Load Load Position IL Ordinate Moment Load Position IL Ordinate Moment Remarks
detail (kN) from left for Moment KNm (kN) from left for Moment KNm if any
support m support m
W1 27 7.62500 4.766 128.67 68 4.12500 2.578 175.31
W2 27 8.73 5.453 147.23 68 7.12 4.453 302.81
W3 114 11.93 7.453 849.66 68 10.12 6.328 430.31
W4 114 13.13 8.203 935.16 68 13.12 8.203 557.81
W5 68 17.43 6.591 448.16 114 17.42 6.591 751.33
W6 68 20.43 5.466 371.66 114 18.62 6.141 700.03
W7 68 23.43 4.341 295.16 27 21.82 4.941 133.40
W8 68 26.43 3.216 218.66 27 22.92 4.528 122.26
Total 3394.37 3173.27
Bending Moment at 4L/8 17.5 m
Vehicle movement in reverse direction Vehicle movement in forward direction
Maximum ILD Ordinates 8.750 8.750
Load Load Position IL Ordinate Moment Load Position IL Ordinate Moment Remarks
detail (kN) from left for Moment KNm (kN) from left for Moment KNm if any
support m support m
W1 27 9.49999 4.750 128.25 68 1.70000 0.850 57.80
W2 27 10.60 5.300 143.10 68 4.70 2.350 159.80
W3 114 13.80 6.900 786.60 68 7.70 3.850 261.80
W4 114 15.00 7.500 855.00 68 10.70 5.350 363.80
W5 68 19.30 7.850 533.80 114 15.00 7.500 855.00
W6 68 22.30 6.350 431.80 114 16.20 8.100 923.40
W7 68 25.30 4.850 329.80 27 19.40 7.800 210.60
W8 68 28.30 3.350 227.80 27 20.50 7.250 195.75
Total 3436.150 3027.95

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 HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

IRC CLASS 70R_W LOADING

Simply Supported Motorable Bridge (Harpan River Bridge)
Response Calculations:
Effective span of Girder, L 35.0 m
Cantilever beyond the span both sides, a 0.45 m
Reaction Factor 0.601
Type of Bridge RCC
Impact Factor 0.1098
Ordinate of Bending Moment at considered section, Mx = (1-x/L)x
CALCULATION OF BENDING MOMENTS:
Bending Moment at L/8 4.375 m
Vehicle movement in reverse direction Vehicle movement in forward direction
Maximum ILD Ordinates 3.828 3.828
Load Load Position IL Ordinate Moment Load Position IL Ordinate Moment Remarks
detail (kN) from left for Moment KNm (kN) from left for Moment KNm if any
support m support m
W1 80 -0.21 0.000 0.00 170 3.75000 3.281 557.81
W2 120 3.75 3.281 393.75 170 5.12 3.735 634.95
W3 120 5.27 3.716 445.95 170 8.17 3.354 570.14
W4 170 7.40 3.450 586.50 170 9.54 3.183 541.03
W5 170 8.77 3.279 557.39 120 11.67 2.916 349.95
W6 170 11.82 2.898 492.58 120 13.19 2.726 327.15
W7 170 13.19 2.726 463.46 80 17.15 2.231 178.50
W8 80 43.19 0.000 0.00 170 47.15 0.000 0.00
Total 2939.62 3159.52
Bending Moment at 2L/8 8.75 m
Vehicle movement in reverse direction Vehicle movement in forward direction
Maximum ILD Ordinates 6.563 6.563
Load Load Position IL Ordinate Moment Load Position IL Ordinate Moment Remarks
detail (kN) from left for Moment KNm (kN) from left for Moment KNm if any
support m support m
W1 80 3.27000 2.452 196.20 170 7.38000 5.535 940.95
W2 120 7.23 5.422 650.70 170 8.75 6.562 1115.62
W3 120 8.75 6.562 787.50 170 11.80 5.800 986.00
W4 170 10.88 6.030 1025.10 170 13.17 5.458 927.78
W5 170 12.25 5.688 966.88 120 15.30 4.925 591.00
W6 170 15.30 4.925 837.25 120 16.82 4.545 545.40
W7 170 16.67 4.583 779.03 80 20.78 3.555 284.40
W8 80 46.67 0.000 0.00 170 50.78 0.000 0.00
Total 5242.65 5391.15
Bending Moment at 3L/8 13.125 m
Vehicle movement in reverse direction Vehicle movement in forward direction

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 HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

Maximum ILD Ordinates 8.203 8.203

Load Load Position IL Ordinate Moment Load Position IL Ordinate Moment Remarks
detail (kN) from left for Moment KNm (kN) from left for Moment KNm if any
support m support m
W1 80 5.51500 3.447 275.75 170 8.70500 5.441 924.91
W2 120 9.48 5.922 710.63 170 10.08 6.297 1070.47
W3 120 11.00 6.872 824.63 170 13.13 8.203 1394.53
W4 170 13.13 8.203 1394.53 170 14.50 7.689 1307.19
W5 170 14.50 7.689 1307.19 120 16.63 6.891 826.87
W6 170 17.55 6.546 1112.76 120 18.15 6.321 758.47
W7 170 18.92 6.032 1025.42 80 22.11 4.836 386.85
W8 80 48.92 0.000 0.00 170 52.11 0.000 0.00
Total 6650.90 6669.30
Bending Moment at 4L/8 17.5 m
Vehicle movement in reverse direction Vehicle movement in forward direction
Maximum ILD Ordinates 8.750 8.750
Load Load Position IL Ordinate Moment Load Position IL Ordinate Moment Remarks
detail (kN) from left for Moment KNm (kN) from left for Moment KNm if any
support m support m
W1 80 11.02000 5.510 440.80 170 15.57999 7.790 1324.30
W2 120 14.98 7.490 898.80 170 16.95 8.475 1440.75
W3 120 16.50 8.250 990.00 170 20.00 7.500 1275.00
W4 170 18.63 8.185 1391.45 170 21.37 6.815 1158.55
W5 170 20.00 7.500 1275.00 120 23.50 5.750 690.00
W6 170 23.05 5.975 1015.75 120 25.02 4.990 598.80
W7 170 24.42 5.290 899.30 80 28.98 3.010 240.80
W8 80 54.42 0.000 0.00 170 58.98 0.000 0.00
Total 6911.100 6728.20

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 HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

IRC CLASS 70R_T LOADING

Simply Supported Motorable Bridge (Harpan River Bridge)
Response Calculations:
Effective span of Girder, L 35.0 m
Cantilever beyond the span both sides, a 0.45 m
Reaction Factor 0.570
Type of Bridge RCC
Impact Factor 0.1000
Ordinate of Bending Moment at considered section, Mx = (1-x/L)x
Bending Moment at 1L/8 4.375 m
Vehicle movement in reverse direction
Maximum ILD Ordinates 3.828
Track Track Distributed IL Ordinate Moment
Load UDL protion for Moment KNm
KN kN/m from left
700 153 3.80375 3.328 0.00
700 153 8.37 3.328 2504.74
700 153 98.37 0.000 0.00
700 153 102.94 0.000 0.00
Total 2504.74
Bending Moment at 2L/8 8.75 m
Vehicle movement in reverse direction
Maximum ILD Ordinates 6.563
Track Track Distributed IL Ordinate Moment
Load UDL protion for Moment KNm
KN kN/m from left
700 153 support
7.60750 m 5.706 0.00
700 153 12.18 5.706 4293.84
700 153 102.18 0.000 0.00
700 153 106.75 0.000 0.00
Total 4293.84
Bending Moment at 3L/8 13.125 m
Vehicle movement in reverse direction
Maximum ILD Ordinates 8.203
Track Track Distributed IL Ordinate Moment
Load UDL protion for Moment KNm
KN kN/m from left
700 153 11.41125 7.132 0.00
700 153 15.98 7.132 5367.30
700 153 105.98 0.000 0.00
700 153 110.55 0.000 0.00
Total 5367.30
Bending Moment at 4L/8 17.5 m
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 HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

Vehicle movement in reverse direction

Maximum ILD Ordinates 8.750
Track Track Distributed IL Ordinate Moment
Load UDL protion for Moment KNm
KN kN/m from left
700 153 support
17.71500 m 8.643 0.00
700 153 22.28 6.358 5250.00
700 153 112.28 0.000 0.00
700 153 116.85 0.000 0.00
Total 5250.000

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 HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

IRC CLASS A LOADING

Simply Supported Motorable Bridge (Harpan River Bridge )
Response Calculations: Note:
Effective span of Girder, L 35.0 m NC = Not calculated
Cantilever beyond the span both sides, a 0.45 m NA = Not Applicable
Reaction Factor 0.500
Reaction Factor for Carriageway pedestrain load 0.000
Type of Bridge RCC
Impact Factor 0.1098
Ordinate of Shear Force at considered section, SFx = (1-x/L)
SF at 0L 0m
Vehicle movement in reverse direction Vehicle movement in forward direction
Maximum ILD Ordinates 1.000 1.000
Load Load Position IL Ordinate Shear Load Position IL Ordinate Shear Remarks
detail (kN) from left for Shear Force KNm (kN) from left for Shear Force KNm if any
support m Force support m Force
W1 27 -4.30000 0.000 0.00 68 0.00000 1.000 68.00
W2 27 -3.20 0.000 0.00 68 3.00 0.914 62.17
W3 114 0.00 1.000 114.00 68 6.00 0.829 56.34
W4 114 1.20 0.966 110.09 68 9.00 0.743 50.51
W5 68 5.50 0.843 57.31 114 13.30 0.620 70.68
W6 68 8.50 0.757 51.49 114 14.50 0.586 66.77
W7 68 11.50 0.671 45.66 27 17.70 0.494 13.35
W8 68 14.50 0.586 39.83 27 18.80 0.463 12.50
W9 27 34.50 0.014 0.39 27 38.80 0.000 0.00
Total 418.76 400.32
SF at L/8 4.375 m
Vehicle movement in reverse direction Vehicle movement in forward direction
Maximum ILD Ordinates 0.875 0.875
Load Load Position IL Ordinate Shear Load Position IL Ordinate Shear Remarks
detail (kN) from left for Shear Force KNm (kN) from left for Shear Force KNm if any
support m Force support m Force
W1 27 0.07500 -0.002 -0.06 68 4.37500 0.875 59.50
W2 27 1.18 -0.034 -0.91 68 7.38 0.789 53.67
W3 114 4.38 0.875 99.75 68 10.38 0.704 47.84
W4 114 5.58 0.841 95.84 68 13.38 0.618 42.01
W5 68 9.88 0.718 48.81 114 17.68 0.495 56.43
W6 68 12.88 0.632 42.99 114 18.88 0.461 52.52
W7 68 15.88 0.546 37.16 27 22.08 0.369 9.97
W8 68 18.88 0.461 31.33 27 23.18 0.338 9.12
Total 354.91 331.07
SF at 2L/8 8.75 m
Vehicle movement in reverse direction Vehicle movement in forward direction
Maximum ILD Ordinates 0.750 0.750
Load Load Position IL Ordinate Shear Load Position IL Ordinate Shear Remarks
detail (kN) from left for Shear Force KNm (kN) from left for Shear Force KNm if any
support m Force support m Force

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 HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

W1 27 4.450 -0.127 -3.43 68 8.750 0.750 51.00

W2 27 5.55 -0.159 -4.28 68 11.75 0.664 45.17
W3 114 8.75 0.750 85.50 68 14.75 0.579 39.34
W4 114 9.95 0.716 81.59 68 17.75 0.493 33.51
W5 68 14.25 0.593 40.31 114 22.05 0.370 42.18
W6 68 17.25 0.507 34.49 114 23.25 0.336 38.27
W7 68 20.25 0.421 28.66 27 26.45 0.244 6.60
W8 68 23.25 0.336 22.83 27 27.55 0.213 5.75
Total 285.66 261.82
SF at 3L/8 13.125 m
Vehicle movement in reverse direction Vehicle movement in forward direction
Maximum ILD Ordinates 0.625 0.625
Load Load Position IL Ordinate Shear Load Position IL Ordinate Shear Remarks
detail (kN) from left for Shear Force KNm (kN) from left for Shear Force KNm if any
support m Force support m Force
W1 27 8.82500 -0.252 -6.81 68 13.12500 0.625 42.50
W2 27 9.93 -0.284 -7.66 68 16.13 0.539 36.67
W3 114 13.13 0.625 71.25 68 19.13 0.454 30.84
W4 114 14.33 0.591 67.34 68 22.13 0.368 25.01
W5 68 18.63 0.468 31.81 114 26.43 0.245 27.93
W6 68 21.63 0.382 25.99 114 27.63 0.211 24.02
W7 68 24.63 0.296 20.16 27 30.83 0.119 3.22
W8 68 27.63 0.211 14.33 27 31.93 0.088 2.37
Total 216.41 192.57
SF at 4L/8 17.5 m
Vehicle movement in reverse direction Vehicle movement in forward direction
Maximum ILD Ordinates 0.500 0.500
Load Load Position IL Ordinate Shear Load Position IL Ordinate Shear Remarks
detail (kN) from left for Shear Force KNm (kN) from left for Shear Force KNm if any
support m Force support m Force
W1 27 13.20000 -0.377 -10.18 68 17.50000 0.500 34.00
W2 27 14.30 -0.409 -11.03 68 20.50 0.414 28.17
W3 114 17.50 0.500 57.00 68 23.50 0.329 22.34
W4 114 18.70 0.466 53.09 68 26.50 0.243 16.51
W5 68 23.00 0.343 23.31 114 30.80 0.120 13.68
W6 68 26.00 0.257 17.49 114 32.00 0.086 9.77
W7 68 29.00 0.171 11.66 27 35.20 0.000 0.00
W8 68 32.00 0.086 5.83 27 36.30 0.000 0.00
Total 147.16 124.48

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 HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

IRC CLASS 70R_W LOADING

Simply Supported Motorable Bridge (Harpan River Bridge )
Response Calculations: Note:
Effective span of Girder, L 35.0 m NC = Not calculated
Cantilever beyond the span both sides, a 0.45 m NA = Not Applicable
Reaction Factor 0.581
Reaction Factor for Carriageway pedestrain load 0.000
Type of Bridge RCC
Impact Factor 0.1098
Ordinate of Shear Force at considered section, SFx = (1-x/L)
CALCULATION OF SHEAR FORCES:
Shear Force at 0L 0m
Vehicle movement in reverse direction Vehicle movement in forward direction
Maximum ILD Ordinates 1.000 1.000
Load Load Position IL Ordinate Shear Load Position IL Ordinate Shear Remarks
detail (kN) from left for Shear Force KNm (kN) from left for Shear Force KNm if any
support m Force support m Force
W1 80 -3.96000 0.000 0.00 170 0.00000 1.000 170.00
W2 120 0.00 1.000 120.00 170 1.37 0.961 163.35
W3 120 1.52 0.957 114.79 170 4.42 0.874 148.53
W4 170 3.65 0.896 152.27 170 5.79 0.835 141.88
W5 170 5.02 0.857 145.62 120 7.92 0.774 92.85
W6 170 8.07 0.769 130.80 120 9.44 0.730 87.63
W7 170 9.44 0.730 124.15 80 13.40 0.617 49.37
W8 80 39.44 0.000 0.00 170 43.40 0.000 0.00
W9 27 43.40 0.000 0.00 170 44.77 0.000 0.00
Total 787.63 853.61
Shear Force at L/8 4.375 m
Vehicle movement in reverse direction Vehicle movement in forward direction
Maximum ILD Ordinates 0.875 0.875
Load Load Position IL Ordinate Shear Load Position IL Ordinate Shear Remarks
detail (kN) from left for Shear Force KNm (kN) from left for Shear Force KNm if any
support m Force support m Force
W1 80 0.415 -0.012 -0.95 170 4.375 0.875 148.75
W2 120 4.38 0.875 105.00 170 5.75 0.836 142.10
W3 120 5.90 0.832 99.79 170 8.80 0.749 127.28
W4 170 8.03 0.771 131.02 170 10.17 0.710 120.63
W5 170 9.40 0.732 124.37 120 12.30 0.649 77.85
W6 170 12.45 0.644 109.55 120 13.82 0.605 72.63
W7 170 13.82 0.605 102.90 80 17.78 0.492 39.37
W8 80 43.82 0.000 0.00 170 47.78 0.000 0.00
Total 671.68 728.61
Shear Force at 2L/8 8.75 m
Vehicle movement in reverse direction Vehicle movement in forward direction
Maximum ILD Ordinates 0.750 0.750

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 HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

Load Load Position IL Ordinate Shear Load Position IL Ordinate Shear Remarks
detail (kN) from left for Shear Force KNm (kN) from left for Shear Force KNm if any
support m Force support m Force
W1 80 4.79000 -0.137 -10.95 170 8.75000 0.750 127.50
W2 120 8.75 0.750 90.00 170 10.12 0.711 120.85
W3 120 10.27 0.707 84.79 170 13.17 0.624 106.03
W4 170 12.40 0.646 109.77 170 14.54 0.585 99.38
W5 170 13.77 0.607 103.12 120 16.67 0.524 62.85
W6 170 16.82 0.519 88.30 120 18.19 0.480 57.63
W7 170 18.19 0.480 81.65 80 22.15 0.367 29.37
W8 80 48.19 0.000 0.00 170 52.15 0.000 0.00
Total 546.68 603.61
Shear Force at 3L/8 13.125 m
Vehicle movement in reverse direction Vehicle movement in forward direction
Maximum ILD Ordinates 0.625 0.625
Load Load Position IL Ordinate Shear Load Position IL Ordinate Shear Remarks
detail (kN) from left for Shear Force KNm (kN) from left for Shear Force KNm if any
support m Force support m Force
W1 80 9.16500 -0.262 -20.95 170 13.12500 0.625 106.25
W2 120 13.13 0.625 75.00 170 14.50 0.586 99.60
W3 120 14.65 0.582 69.79 170 17.55 0.499 84.78
W4 170 16.78 0.521 88.52 170 18.92 0.460 78.13
W5 170 18.15 0.482 81.87 120 21.05 0.399 47.85
W6 170 21.20 0.394 67.05 120 22.57 0.355 42.63
W7 170 22.57 0.355 60.40 80 26.53 0.242 19.37
W8 80 52.57 0.000 0.00 170 56.53 0.000 0.00
Total 421.68 478.61
Shear Force at 4L/8 17.5 m
Vehicle movement in reverse direction Vehicle movement in forward direction
Maximum ILD Ordinates 0.500 0.500
Load Load Position IL Ordinate Shear Load Position IL Ordinate Shear Remarks
detail (kN) from left for Shear Force KNm (kN) from left for Shear Force KNm if any
support m Force support m Force
W1 80 13.54000 -0.387 -30.95 170 17.50000 0.500 85.00
W2 120 17.50 0.500 60.00 170 18.87 0.461 78.35
W3 120 19.02 0.457 54.79 170 21.92 0.374 63.53
W4 170 21.15 0.396 67.27 170 23.29 0.335 56.88
W5 170 22.52 0.357 60.62 120 25.42 0.274 32.85
W6 170 25.57 0.269 45.80 120 26.94 0.230 27.63
W7 170 26.94 0.230 39.15 80 30.90 0.117 9.37
W8 80 56.94 0.000 0.00 170 60.90 0.000 0.00
Total 296.68 353.61

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 HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

IRC CLASS 70R_T LOADING

Simply Supported Motorable Bridge (Harpan River Bridge )
Response Calculations: Note:
Effective span of Girder, L 35.0 m NC = Not calculated
Cantilever beyond the span both sides, a 0.45 m NA = Not Applicable
Reaction Factor 0.570
Reaction Factor for Carriageway pedestrain load 0.000
Type of Bridge RCC
Impact Factor 0.1000
Ordinate of Shear Force at considered section, SFx = (1-x/L)
Shear Force at 0L 0m
Vehicle movement in forward direction
1.000
Track Distri IL Ordinate Shear Remarks if
UDL buted for Shear Force KN any
kN/m protio Force
n
153.2 from
0.00 1.000 0.00
153.2 4.57 0.869 654.300
153.2 94.57 0.000 0.00
153.2 99.14 0.000 0.000
654.30
SF at L/8 4.375 m
Vehicle movement in forward direction
0.875
Track Distri IL Ordinate Shear Remarks if
UDL buted for Shear Force KN any
kN/m protio Force
153.2 4.375 0.875 0.00
153.2 8.9 0.744 566.800
153.2 98.9 0.000 0.00
153.2 103.5 0.000 0.000
566.80
SF at 2L/8 8.75 m
Vehicle movement in forward direction
0.750
Track Distri IL Ordinate Shear Remarks if
UDL buted for Shear Force KN any
kN/m protio Force
153.2 8.750n 0.750 0.00
153.2 13.3 0.619 479.300
153.2 103.3 0.000 0.00
153.2 107.9 0.000 0.000
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 HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

479.30
SF at 3L/8 13.125 m
Vehicle movement in forward direction
0.625
Track Distri IL Ordinate Shear Remarks if
UDL buted for Shear Force KN any
kN/m protio Force
153.2 13.13 0.625 0.00
153.2 17.70 0.494 391.800
153.2 107.7 0.000 0.00
153.2 112.3 0.000 0.000
391.80
SF at 4L/8 17.5 m
Vehicle movement in forward direction
0.500
Track Distri IL Ordinate Shear Remarks if
UDL buted for Shear Force KN any
kN/m protio Force
153.2 17.50n 0.500 0.00
153.2 22.1 0.369 304.300
153.2 112.1 0.000 0.00
153.2 116.6 0.000 0.000
304.30

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 HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

ANALYSIS RESULT
Simply Supported Motorable Bridge (Harpan River Bridge)
Span, L 35.00 m Overall Depth of Girder
Cantilever beyond the span both sides, a 0.45 m 2.200 m
Spacing of Cross Girder, S 11.67 m Extra section upto
Number of Main Girder, N 2.00 Nos 1.750 m
Number of Lanes, n 2.00 Nos
DL1 (Deck slab and T-Girder) 86.666 KN/m for transfer and service stage
DL1 dead load BM, Extra enlarged 36.084 KN/m for transfer and service stage
DL2 (Point load by Cross Girder) 29.831 KN for transfer and service stage
DL3 (Foothpath cum Kerb) 16.500 KN/m for service stage only
SIDL1 (Hand rail) 2.002 KN/m for service stage only
SIDL2 (Wearing Course) 9.900 KN/m for service stage only
LL1 = PL1 (Foothpath Pdedestrian) 2.126 KN/m for service stage only
LL2 = PL2 (Cariageway Pedestrian) 0.000 KN/m for service satge only
Number of Cross Girder 4.000 Nos
Total Load due to cross Girder 119.33 KN
Reaction due to cross girder 59.66 KN
Track loading Therefore wheel load is zero 0.000 KN
Loading Length 0.000 m
Intensity of loading, w 0.00 KN/m
Descriptions of Loads Calculation of bending moments at various section
ILD at, α = X/L 0.000 0.125 0.250 0.375 0.500 RF FOS
ILD at, x 0.00 4.38 8.75 13.13 17.50
DL1 Deck slab +girder -8.8 5797.1 9944.2 12432.5 13261.90 0.500 1.35
DL1 Extra enlarged -3.654 51.601 51.601 51.601 51.60 0.500 1.35
DL2 Point load 0.00 130.51 261.02 348.03 348.03 0.500 1.35
DL3 foothpath cum kerb -1.7 1103.7 1893.3 2367.0 2524.9 0.500 1.35
SIDL1 hand rail -0.2 133.9 229.7 287.2 306.4 0.500 1.35
SIDL2 wearing course -1.0 662.2 1136.0 1420.2 1514.9 0.500 1.75
LL1 = PL1kerb pedestrian -0.22 142.19 243.91 304.94 325.28 0.500 1.50
LL2 = PL2 carigeway pedestrian 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 1.50
LL3 = VL+IL vehicle load 0.00 3159.52 5391.15 6669.30 7128.20 0.581 1.50
Type of Bridge RCC Impact Factor 0.1098
Analysis result: Anlaysis result for Bending moment at various section
ILD at, α = X/L 0.000 0.125 0.250 0.375 0.500
ILD at, x 0.00 4.38 8.75 13.13 17.50
DL(SL+PG+CG), Mg1 -6.2 2989.6 5128.4 6416.1 6830.8
DL Load Mg2 -1.4 949.9 1629.5 2037.2 2173.1
PL+VL+IL Mq1 -0.11 2108.26 3598.00 4452.62 4758.68
Ultimate BM Mu -10.69 8613.22 14747.33 18374.85 19596.21
Descriptions of Loads Calculation of shear force at various section
ILD at, α = X/L 0.000 0.125 0.250 0.375 0.500 RF FOS
ILD at, x 0.00 4.38 8.75 13.13 17.50

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 HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

DL1 Deck slab +girder 1516.65 1137.49 758.32 379.16 0.00

DL1 Extra enlarged 63.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
DL2 Point load 66.39 29.83 29.83 0.00 0.00
DL3 foothpath cum kerb 288.75 216.56 144.38 72.19 0.00
SIDL1 hand rail 35.04 26.28 17.52 8.76 0.00
SIDL2 wearing course 173.25 129.94 86.63 43.31 0.00
LL1 = PL1kerb pedestrian 37.20 27.90 18.60 9.30 0.00
LL2 = PL2 carigeway pedestrian 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
LL3 = VL+IL vehicle load 853.61 728.61 603.61 478.61 353.61
Type of Bridge RCC Impact Factor 0.1098
Anlaysis result for Shear force at various section
DL(SL+PG+CG), Vg1 823.1 583.7 394.1 189.6 0.0
DL Load Vg2 248.5 186.4 124.3 62.1 0.0
PL+VL+IL Vq1 568.98 483.73 398.49 313.24 227.99
Ultimate BM Mu 1640.59 1253.78 916.82 564.95 227.99

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DESIGN OF T-BEAM
LIMIT STATE MEHOD (LSM): AS PER IRC 6-2017 AND IRC 112-2011 (HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE)
Concrete grade fck 45.00 N/mm2
Yield Stress of Steel , fyk or fy 500.00 N/mm2
Yield Stress of cable , fpk or fp 1860.00 N/mm2
Elasticity modulus for cablel, Es 195000.0 N/mm2
Material partial factor of safety for concrete, gc 1.50
Material partial factor of safety for steel, gs 1.15 Overall depth = D
α 0.670
α/gc 0.447
Design stress, fcd 20.100 N/mm2
n 2.00
ecu2 0.0035 bw
ec2 0.0020
strain ratio 0.571
1 - strain ratio 0.429
b1 0.809524
b2 0.415966
xu,max/d 0.2968
jmin 0.8766
K= 0.0941
Span of Bridge, L 35.00 m
Cable specification and wire nos in one cable 19.00 19K13 12.70
Area factor of wire 0.7791
Minimum angle of inclined concrete strut, qmin 21.8 o
Maximum angle of inclined concrete strut, qmax 45.0 o
Inclination of stirrups, a3 90.0 o
acw 1.25

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 HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE
Duct dia, dd 90 mm
Value of k1 0.80
Value of k2 0.50 for bending
Value of k3 3.40
Value of k4 0.425
Value of kt 0.50
2
fcm 55.00 N/mm
Mean modulus of elasticity, Ecm 34313.0 N/mm2
Modular ratio ae 5.68
2
Mean tensile strength of concrete fctm 3.28 N/mm
Tensile strength of concrete fct,eff 3.28 N/mm2
fctk,0.05 2.29 N/mm2
Allowable tensile stress fctd 1.53 N/mm2
strength reduction factor n1 0.5129
For q = 45o, max allowable tmax 6.4433
Area of one wire, f 98.70 mm2
area of one cable, Ap,one 1875.30 mm2
Total area of cable, Ap 9376.50 mm2
Total area of cable, Ap 0.009377 m

DESIGN FOR FLEXURE AND STRESS CHECK

At sections (fraction of length or span) 0L/8 1L/8 2L/8 3L/8 4L/8
At sections m 0.000 4.375 8.750 13.125 17.500
Check for stresses
Area of section A m2 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73
CG of section from top fibreYt m 0.6762 0.6762 0.6762 0.6762 0.6762
CG of sectionfrom bottom fibreYb m 1.5238 1.5238 1.5238 1.5238 1.5238
top section modulus Zt m3 1.4340 1.4340 1.4340 1.4340 1.4340
Bottom section modulus Zb m3 0.6364 0.6364 0.6364 0.6364 0.6364

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 HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE
Moment of inertia of section, I m 4
0.9697 0.9697 0.9697 0.9697 0.9697
Moment of area about CG S = Aabove 0.5640 0.5640 0.5640 0.5640 0.5640
Cable eccentricity e mm 809.8 1009.3 1151.8 1237.3 1265.8
Angle of cable with horizontal θo 7.0363 6.0022 4.9641 3.9227 0.0000
% prestressing loss assumed to calculate stresses 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00
Moment Without FOS DL(SL+PG+CG), Mg1 kNm 21.41 2989.63 5128.43 6416.06 6830.77
Moment Without FOS DL Load Mg2 kNm -1.44 949.92 1629.46 2037.18 2173.09
Moment Without FOS PL+LL+IL Mq kNm -0.11 2179.26 3719.15 4602.50 4918.87
Ultimate Moment with FOS MEd kNm 26.60 8719.72 14929.06 18599.66 19836.50
Prestress force in one cable by hit and trail kN 2300 2300 2300 2300 2300 Assumed first
Number of cables provided by hit and trail Nos 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
Total prestressing force to calculate stresses P kN 11500.00 11500.00 11500.00 11500.00 11500.00
prestressing efficiency assumed m 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
Stress at transfer state/rare combination
Stress at top fibre N/mm2 0.156 0.626 0.974 1.187 1.247
Permissible stress at top N/mm2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Remarks OK OK OK OK OK
Stress at bottom fibre N/mm2 21.235 20.176 19.390 18.912 18.775
permissible stress at bottom N/mm2 21.600 21.600 21.600 21.600 21.600
Remarks OK OK OK OK OK
Stress at working /Service state/Quasi-permanent combination
Stress at top fibre N/mm2 0.119 3.172 5.355 6.639 7.072
permissible stress at top N/mm2 16.200 16.200 16.200 16.200 16.200
Remarks OK OK OK OK OK
Stress at bottom fibre N/mm2 15.920 9.040 4.123 1.230 0.253
permissible stress at bottom N/mm2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Remarks OK OK OK OK OK

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Check for ultimate moment
Overall depth (including slab) of girder, D or h mm 2200.00 2200.00 2200.00 2200.00 2200.00
Width of flange bf mm 4200.00 4200.00 4200.00 4200.00 4200.00
Depth of flange Df mm 250.00 250.00 250.00 250.00 250.00
width of web bw mm 750.00 300.00 300.00 300.00 300.00
Neutral axis depth xu mm 112.41 132.21 150.57 167.81 184.16
Lever arm z = jd, lever arm factor j 0.9685 0.9674 0.9657 0.9635 0.9606
Effective depth of beam d mm 1486.00 1685.50 1828.00 1913.50 1942.00
Neutral axis depth xu,max mm 440.98 500.18 542.46 567.84 576.29
If xu,max <= Df, Muc,lim kNm 39254.54 50502.14 59402.49 65089.24 67042.58
l 0.1272 0.1272 0.1272 0.1272 0.1272
Ratio Df/d 0.1682 0.1483 0.1368 0.1307 0.1287
Yf 228.65 237.53 243.87 247.68 248.94
Moment capacity with respect to cable Mus 19644.08 22254.62 24095.36 25164.45 25460.66
Moment capacity with respect to concrete Muc 28758.33 32779.48 36857.79 39396.04 40257.33
Ultimate moment capacity Mu 19644.08 22254.62 24095.36 25164.45 25460.66
Remarks OK OK OK OK OK
Factor of safey against ultimate moment FOS 738.4 2.6 1.6 1.4 1.3

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DESIGN FOR SHEAR

Ultimate Design Shear Force, VEd kN 2363.57 1815.71 1335.15 834.46 353.91
Actual % prestressing loss calculated, approx. 28.91 31.32 31.32 31.32 31.32 Calculated
Prestress force in one cable 2515.00 2515.00 2515.00 2515.00 2515.00 after compesating
After all loss Cable forces P kN 9431.25 9431.25 9431.25 9431.25 9431.25
Width of web bw mm 705.00 255.00 255.00 255.00 255.00
Ibw/S, m2 1.212 0.438 0.438 0.438 0.438
Main steel area provided, Asl mm2 9376.50 9376.50 9376.50 9376.50 9376.50
Vertical component of prestress force Vp kN 1155.32 986.19 816.10 645.20 0.00
Direct compressive stress scp A N/mm2 5.44 5.44 5.44 5.44 5.44
Top stress by prestress sP,t N/mm2 0.12 -1.20 -2.13 -2.70 -2.88
Bottom stress by prestress sP,b N/mm2 17.44 20.40 22.51 23.78 24.20
Flexural top stress sF,t N/mm2 0.02 6.08 10.41 12.97 13.83
Flexural bottom stress sF,b N/mm2 0.04 13.70 23.46 29.23 31.17
Resultant top stress st N/mm2 0.13 4.88 8.28 10.27 10.95
Resultant bottom stress sb N/mm2 17.40 6.70 -0.95 -5.45 -6.97
Allowable tensile stress fctd -1.53 -1.53 -1.53 -1.53 -1.53
Section Test: Cracked or Uncracked uncracked uncracked uncracked cracked cracked
Net shear force VNS 1208.25 829.52 519.06 189.27 353.91
Shear stress t N/mm2 1.28 2.14 1.24 0.43 0.79
Shear stress capacity kN/m2 3264.75 3264.75 3264.75 3264.75 3264.75
Reinforcement ratio rl 0.00895 0.02000 0.02000 0.01922 0.01893
K value 1.36686 1.34447 1.33077 1.32330 1.32092
nmin N/mm2 1.11463 1.08735 1.07078 1.06177 1.05890
tRdc1 N/mm2 1.34 1.49 1.48 1.47 1.46
tRdc min N/mm2 1.93 1.90 1.89 1.88 1.88
Shear capacity without stirrups
tRdc N/mm2 1.93 1.90 1.89 1.88 1.88
shear capacity VRdc KN 2022.77 818.14 879.58 916.33 928.56
Shear capacity VRdc,PSC KN 3956.99 1431.25 1431.25 1431.25 1431.25
Net Shear Force for stirrup-design, VNS KN 1208.25 829.52 519.06 0.00 0.00
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Test: Stirrup's requirement not Rqd not Rqd not Rqd not Rqd not Rqd

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Design of stirrups
For qo = 45.0o, max allowable tRds,max N/mm2 6.44 6.44 6.44 6.44 6.44
Shear stress t N/mm 2 1.28 2.14 1.24 0.00 0.00
If tNS <= tRds,max  OK otherwise revised OK OK OK OK OK
qocalculated 5.74 9.72 5.54 0.00 0.00
\ angle of compression strut qoadopted 21.80 21.80 21.80 21.80 21.80
For qo, allowable tRds N/mm2 4.44 4.44 4.44 4.44 4.44
Asw/s mm2/mm 0.7227 0.4374 0.2524 0.0000 0.0000
(Asw/s)min mm2/mm 0.6810 0.2463 0.2463 0.2463 0.2463
(Asw/s)required mm2/mm 0.7227 0.4374 0.2524 0.2463 0.2463
Number of stirrup's legs provided, n Nos 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
Dia of stirrups provided, f mm 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
Area of 1-legged stirrup, Astirrup mm2 78.54 78.54 78.54 78.54 78.54
Area of n-legged stirrups, Asw mm2 157.08 157.08 157.08 157.08 157.08
Stirrups: required spacing, s @ mm C/C 217.35 359.09 622.39 637.69 637.69
Stirrups: Provide spacing, s @ mm C/C 200.00 200.00 200.00 200.00 200.00
Stirrups ratio provided, Asw/s @ mm2/mm 0.7854 0.7854 0.7854 0.7854 0.7854
CHECK FOR CRACKWIDTH
Moment, BM without FOS, KNm 19.9 6118.8 10477.0 13055.7 13922.7
Permissible crack width Wk,perm 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
Section Properties
Bar spacer mm 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00
Dia of main bar, f 48.86 48.86 48.86 48.86 48.86
Bottom clear cover, c 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00
Depth of web Dw mm 1950.0 1950.0 1950.0 1950.0 1950.0
width of flange excluding web 3450.0 3900.0 3900.0 3900.0 3900.0

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Area of section, Ac mm2 1733313 1733313 1733313 1733313 1733313
Moment of area about top mm3 1922812500 847875000 847875000 847875000 847875000
CG of section, from top mm 676.21 676.21 676.21 676.21 676.21
Moment of Inertia of Section mm 4
969693695895 969693695895 969693695895 969693695895 969693695895
Dia of stirrup, fR mm 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00
Bottom cover to bar Cb mm 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00
Vertical spacing of bar sv mm 80.86 80.86 80.86 80.86 80.86
sh mm 297.16 297.16 297.16 297.16 297.16
Uncracked Stress at top stop N/mm2 0.01 -1.99 2.28 4.79 5.64
Uncracked stress at bottom sbot N/mm2 21.24 15.26 10.99 8.48 7.63
permissible tensile stress of concrete fctm -3.277 -3.277 -3.277 -3.277 -3.277
Section test: crack/uncracked. Sectiontop is Ucracked Ucracked Ucracked Ucracked Ucracked
Section test: crack/uncracked. Section bottom is Ucracked Ucracked Ucracked Ucracked Ucracked

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DESIGN FOR BENDING MOMENT AT 4L/8

Simply Supported Motorable Bridge (Harpan River Bridge)
Span, L 35.00 m Overall depth of Girder
Cantilever beyond the span both sides, a 0.45 m 2.20 m
Spacing of Cross Girder, S 11.667 m Extra section upto
Number of Main Girder, N 2.00 Nos 1.750 m
Number of Lanes, n 2.00 Nos
Characterstic strength of concrete, fck 45.00 N/mm2
Ultimate stress of high tensile wires/Strand/Cable fp 1860.00 N/mm2 Grade of steel IS 6006
Number of strand/wire in one Freyssinet cable Ns 19 19K13 12.7 mm
Area of one wire Aw 98.70 mm2 Areafactor 0.7791
Prestressing efficiency, ne 75.00 % Loss 25.00 %
Top Flange width of girder, bf 4200.00 mm
Top Flange Thickness of Girder, Df 250.00 mm Number of webs
Web Thickness of Girder, bw 300.00 mm 2.00 Nos
Web depth excluding slab and bottom slab thickness, dw 1635.00 mm
Bottom Flange width of girder, bfb 750.00 mm
Bottom Flange Thickness of Girder, Dfb 315.00 mm
2
Adopted area of section of Box girder, A 1733312.50 mm
Centroid from top fibre Yt 676.21 mm
Centroid from bottom fibre Yb 1523.79 mm
Adopted section modulus of one T- girder at top Zt 1434015540.4 mm3
Adopted section modulus of one T- girder at bottom Zb 636369072.75 mm3
Maximum Eccentricity available emid at mid section 1265.791 mm
Maximum Eccentricity ex at required section 1265.791 mm Input from Cable Profile
DL1 (Deck slab and T-Girder) for transfer and service stage 87.916 KN/m
DL1 (Extra enlarged Section) for transfer and service stage 36.084 KN/m
DL2 (cross girder point load) for transfer and service stage 37.894 KN
DL3 (Foothpath cum Kerb) for service stage only 16.500 KN/m
SIDL1 (Hand rail), for service stage only 2.002 KN/m
SIDL2 (Wearing Course), for service stage only 9.900 KN/m
LL1 = PL1 (Foothpath Pdedestrian) for service stage only 2.126 KN/m
LL2 = PL2 (Cariageway Pedestrian) for service satge only 0.000 KN/m
Overall depth of Girder, D 2200.00 mm
Effective depth d 1942.00 mm
Centroid of Cable from bottom fibre 258.00 mm
Number of Cross Girder 4.00 Nos
Total Load due to cross Girder 151.58 KN
Reaction due to cross girder 75.79 KN
Characterstic strength at transfer, fci,min 36.00 N/mm2
Permissible tensile stress at transer ftt 0.00 N/mm2 Ist class prestressing
Permissible compressive stress at transer fct 21.60 N/mm2 <= 18.00 1/2fci
Permissible compressive stress at service fcw 16.20 N/mm2 <= 15.00 1/3fck
Permissible tensile stress at service ftw 0.00 N/mm2 st
I class prestressing
Prestressing efficiency, η 0.75
permissibe stress in the top ftr 16.20 N/mm2
Permissibe stress in the bottom fbr 16.20 N/mm2
permissibe stress in wires/Strands/Cables 1456.38 N/mm2
Breaking load of one Cable 3488.06 KN

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Permissible load for one cable 2731.15 KN

DESIGN CALCULATIONS:
ILD at, α = X/L 0.5000 Moderate
ILD at, x 17.5000 m FOS for G FOS SG FOS for Q
Prestressing force, Pcosθ 11500.0 kN 1.25 2.00 2.50
Eccentricity, ex 1265.79 mm Cabile Profile: Eccentric Parabola, e2 0.810 m
2
Eccentricity of prestressed force ex 1.266 m Cable Equation: ex = 4(emid - e2)x(L-x)/L + e2
Tanθ 0.0000 Slope Equation:Tanθx=d(ex)/dx = 4(emid - e2)(L-2x)/L2
INPUT RESPONSES FROM ANALYSIS: Governing load case: IRC Class 70R_W
Max Mements about L/2: IRC Class 70R_W
Without FOS DL(SL+PG+CG), Mg1 6830.77 KNm
Without FOS DL Load Mg2 2173.09 KNm
Without FOS PL+LL+IL Mq 4918.87 KNm
Ultimate BM With FOS Mu 19836.50 KNm
Without FOS Prestressing Load Mp 14556.60 KNm
Permissible stress fsup -4.76 N/mm2 due to prestressing force only at top fibre
Permissible stress finf 29.17 N/mm2 due to prestressing force only at bottom fibre
Min Prqd 9822.68 KN In total
Max erqd 1522.73 mm > permissible 1265.79 revise 'e'
Adopt revised eccentricty, e 1265.79 mm DIRECT or MANUAL INPUT for HIT AND TRIAL
Min Prqd 11368.28 KN
Min Post tensioning force P 11368.28 KN 4852.2002
Adopt Total Post Tensioning, P 11500.00 KN DIRECT or MANUAL INPUT for HIT AND TRIAL
Achieved Prestressing force, Pcosθ 11500.0 KN In total
Number of Cable Np rqd 4.21068 Nos Min Post tensioning force P 2273.66 KN
Adopt number of Cable Np rqd 5.00 Nos Adopt Post tensioning force P 2300.00 KN
Adopt Post Tensioning/cable P/cable 2300.00 KN <= 2731.15 OK
Factor of safety 1.5165 FOS >= 1.00000 OK
Post Tensioning/cable P for check 2300.00 KN by another method Matching
Area of one cable Acable 1875.30 mm2
Total Area of cable Ap 9376.50 mm2
1. Check of Section Modulus
Section modulus at top, Zt reqd 0.4426 m3 <= 1.4340 OK
Section modulus at top, Zb reqd 0.4426 m3 <= 0.6364 OK
2. Check of stressess
a. Rare combination Adopt cable no for transfer 5.00 Nos
Stress at top fibre, ft 1.247 N/mm2 >= 0.000 OK
Stress at bottom fibre, fb 18.775 N/mm2 <= 21.600 OK
b. Quasi-permanent combination
Stress at top fibre ft 7.0717 N/mm2 <= 16.200 OK
Stress at bottom fibre fb 0.2535 N/mm2 >= 0.0000 OK
3) Check for ultimate moment capacity, Mu
Material partial factor of safety, gc 1.50
Material partial factor of safety, gs 1.15
Lever arm z = jd, lever arm factor j 0.9606 by strain-stress analysis of strain compatibility method
Neutral axis depth, xu 184.157 mm by strain-stress analysis of strain compatibility method
fck 45.0 N/mm2
fp 1860.0 N/mm2
Elasticity modulus for cablel, Es 195000.0 N/mm2

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α 0.670
α/gc 0.447
Design stress, fcd 20.10 N/mm2
n 2.00
ecu2 0.0035
ec2 0.0020
strain ratio 0.571
1 - strain ratio 0.429
b1 0.809524
b2 0.415966
xu,max/d 0.2968
jmin 0.8766
K 0.0941
bf 4200.00 mm
Df 250.00 mm
d 1942.00 mm
bw 300.00 mm
xu,max 576.29 mm
If xu,max <= Df, Muc,lim 67042.58 KNm
l 0.127
Test: Df/d 0.129
If xu,max > Df, Yf 248.94 mm
Ultimate moment capacity, Mus 25460.67 KNm
Ultimate moment capacity, Muc 40257.3 KNm
Ultimate moment capacity Mu 25460.67 KNm >= 19836.50 OK
FOS against moment Mu 1.2835 >= 1.00 OK

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DESIGN FOR BENDING MOMENT AT 3L/8

Simply Supported Motorable Bridge (Harpan River Bridge)
Span, L 35.00 m Overall depth of Girder
Cantilever beyond the span both sides, a 0.45 m 2.20 m
Spacing of Cross Girder, S 11.667 m Extra section upto
Number of Main Girder, N 2.00 Nos 1.750 m
Number of Lanes, n 2.00 Nos
Characterstic strength of concrete, fck 45.00 N/mm2
Ultimate stress of high tensile wires/Strand/Cable fp 1860.00 N/mm2 Grade of steel IS 6006
Number of strand/wire in one Freyssinet cable Ns 19 19K13 12.7 mm
Area of one wire Aw 98.70 mm2 Areafactor 0.7791
Prestressing efficiency, ne 75.00 %
Top Flange width of girder, bf 4200.00 mm
Top Flange Thickness of Girder, Df 250.00 mm Number of webs
Web Thickness of Girder, bw 300.00 mm 2.00 Nos
Web depth excluding slab and bottom slab thickness, dw 1635.00 mm
Bottom Flange width of girder, bfb 750.00 mm
Bottom Flange Thickness of Girder, Dfb 315.00 mm
2
Adopted area of section of Box girder, A 1733312.50 mm
Centroid from top fibre Yt 676.21 mm
Centroid from bottom fibre Yb 1523.79 mm
Adopted section modulus of one T- girder at top Zt 1434015540.4 mm3
Adopted section modulus of one T- girder at bottom Zb 636369072.75 mm3
Maximum Eccentricity available emid at mid section 1265.791 mm
Maximum Eccentricity ex at required section 1237.291 mm Input from Cable Profile
DL1 (Deck slab and T-Girder) for transfer and service stage 86.666 KN/m
DL1 (Extra enlarged Section) for transfer and service stage 36.084 KN/m
DL2 (cross girder point load) for transfer and service stage 29.831 KN
DL3 (Foothpath cum Kerb) for service stage only 16.500 KN/m
SIDL1 (Hand rail), for service stage only 2.002 KN/m
SIDL2 (Wearing Course), for service stage only 9.900 KN/m
LL1 = PL1 (Foothpath Pdedestrian) for service stage only 2.126 KN/m
LL2 = PL2 (Cariageway Pedestrian) for service satge only 0.000 KN/m
Overall depth of Girder, D 2200.00 mm
Effective depth d 1913.50 mm
Centroid of Cable from bottom fibre 286.50 mm
Number of Cross Girder 4.00 Nos
Total Load due to cross Girder 119.33 KN
Reaction due to cross girder 59.66 KN
Characterstic strength at transfer, fci,min 36.00 N/mm2
Permissible tensile stress at transer ftt 0.00 N/mm2 Ist class prestressing
Permissible compressive stress at transer fct 21.60 N/mm2 <= 18.00 1/2fci
Permissible compressive stress at service fcw 16.20 N/mm2 <= 15.00 1/3fck
Permissible tensile stress at service ftw 0.00 N/mm2 st
I class prestressing
Prestressing efficiency, η 0.75
permissibe stress in the top ftr 16.20 N/mm2
Permissibe stress in the bottom fbr 16.20 N/mm2
permissibe stress in wires/Strands/Cables 1456.38 N/mm2
Breaking load of one Cable 3488.06 KN

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Permissible load for one cable 2731.15 KN

DESIGN CALCULATIONS:
ILD at, α = X/L 0.3750 Moderate
ILD at, x 13.1250 m FOS for G FOS SG FOS for Q
Prestressing force, Pcosθ 11499.0 KN 1.25 2.00 2.50
Eccentricity, ex 1237.2914 mm Cabile Profile: Eccentric Parabola, e2 0.810 m
2
Eccentricity of prestressed force ex 1.2372914 m Cable Equation: ex = 4(emid - e2)x(L-x)/L + e2
Tanθ = d(ex)/dx = 4e(L-2x)/L2 -0.0130 Slope Equation:Tanθx=d(ex)/dx = 4(emid - e2)(L-2x)/L2
INPUT RESPONSES FROM ANALYSIS: Governing load case: IRC Class 70R_W
Max Mements about L/2: IRC Class 70R_W
Without FOS DL(SL+PG+CG), Mg1 6416.06 KNm
Without FOS DL Load Mg2 2037.18 KNm
Without FOS PL+LL+IL Mq 4602.50 KNm
Ultimate BM With FOS Mu 18599.66 KNm
Without FOS Prestressing Load Mp 14227.64 KNm
Permissible stress fsup -4.47 N/mm2 due to prestressing force only at top fibre
Permissible stress finf 27.35 N/mm2 due to prestressing force only at bottom fibre
Min Prqd 9202.09 KN In total
Max erqd 1524.57 mm > permissible 1237.29 revise 'e'
Adopt revised eccentricty, e 1237.29 mm DIRECT or MANUAL INPUT for HIT AND TRIAL
Min Prqd 10849.73 KN
Min Post tensioning force P 10850.65 KN
Adopt Total Post Tensioning, P 11500.00 KN DIRECT or MANUAL INPUT for HIT AND TRIAL
Achieved Prestressing force, Pcosθ 11499.0 KN In total
Number of Cable Np rqd 4.21068 Nos Min Post tensioning force P 2170.13 KN
Adopt number of Cable Np rqd 5.00 Nos Adopt Post tensioning force P 2300.00 KN
Adopt Post Tensioning/cable P/cable 2300.00 KN <= 2731.15 OK
Factor of safety 1.5165 FOS >= 1.00000 OK
Post Tensioning/cable P for check 2300.00 KN by another method Matching
Area of one cable Acable 1875.30 mm2 2601.10
Total Area of cable Ap 9376.50 mm2
1. Check of Section Modulus
Section modulus at top, Zt reqd 0.4146 m3 <= 1.4340 OK
Section modulus at top, Zb reqd 0.4146 m3 <= 0.6364 OK
2. Check of stressess
a. Rare combination Adopt cable no for transfer 5.00 Nos
Stress at top fibre, ft 1.187 N/mm2 >= 0.000 OK
Stress at bottom fibre, fb 18.909 N/mm2 <= 21.600 OK
b. Quasi-permanent combination
Stress at top fibre ft 6.6388 N/mm2 <= 16.200 OK
Stress at bottom fibre fb 1.2278 N/mm2 >= 0.0000 OK
3) Check for ultimate moment capacity, Mu
Material partial factor of safety, gc 1.50
Material partial factor of safety, gs 1.15
Lever arm z = jd, lever arm factor j 0.9635 by strain-stress analysis of strain compatibility method
Neutral axis depth, xu 167.814 mm by strain-stress analysis of strain compatibility method
fck 45.0 N/mm2
fp 1860.0 N/mm2
Elasticity modulus for cablel, Es 195000.0 N/mm2

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α 0.667
α/gc 0.444
Design stress, fcd 20.00 N/mm2
n 2.00
ecu2 0.0035
ec2 0.0020
strain ratio 0.571
1 - strain ratio 0.429
b1 0.809524
b2 0.415966
xu,max/d 0.2968
jmin 0.8766
K 0.0936
bf 4200.00 mm
Df 250.00 mm
d 1913.50 mm
bw 300.00 mm
xu,max 567.84 mm
If xu,max <= Df, Muc,lim 64765.42 KNm
l 0.127
Test: Df/d 0.131
If xu,max > Df, Yf 247.68 mm
Ultimate moment capacity, Mus 25164.46 KNm
Ultimate moment capacity, Muc 39200.0 KNm
Ultimate moment capacity Mu 25164.46 KNm >= 18599.66 OK
FOS against moment Mu 1.3530 >= 1.00 OK

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DESIGN FOR BENDING MOMENT AT 2L/8

Simply Supported Motorable Bridge (Harpan River Bridge)
Span, L 35.00 m Overall depth of Girder
Cantilever beyond the span both sides, a 0.45 m 2.20 m
Spacing of Cross Girder, S 11.667 m Extra section upto
Number of Main Girder, N 2.00 Nos 1.750 m
Number of Lanes, n 2.00 Nos
Characterstic strength of concrete, fck 45.00 N/mm2
Ultimate stress of high tensile wires/Strand/Cable fp 1860.00 N/mm2 Grade of steel IS 6006
Number of strand/wire in one Freyssinet cable Ns 19 19K13 12.7 mm
Area of one wire Aw 98.70 mm2 Areafactor 0.7791
Prestressing efficiency, ne 75.00 %
Top Flange width of girder, bf 4200.00 mm
Top Flange Thickness of Girder, Df 250.00 mm Number of webs
Web Thickness of Girder, bw 300.00 mm 2.00 Nos
Web depth excluding slab and bottom slab thickness, dw 1635.00 mm
Bottom Flange width of girder, bfb 750.00 mm
Bottom Flange Thickness of Girder, Dfb 315.00 mm
2
Adopted area of section of Box girder, A 1733312.50 mm
Centroid from top fibre Yt 676.21 mm
Centroid from bottom fibre Yb 1523.79 mm
Adopted section modulus of one T- girder at top Zt 1434015540.4 mm3
Adopted section modulus of one T- girder at bottom Zb 636369072.75 mm3
Maximum Eccentricity available emid at mid section 1265.791 mm
Maximum Eccentricity ex at required section 1151.791 mm Input from Cable Profile
DL1 (Deck slab and T-Girder) for transfer and service stage 86.666 KN/m
DL1 (Extra enlarged Section) for transfer and service stage 36.084 KN/m
DL2 (cross girder point load) for transfer and service stage 29.831 KN
DL3 (Foothpath cum Kerb) for service stage only 16.500 KN/m
SIDL1 (Hand rail), for service stage only 2.002 KN/m
SIDL2 (Wearing Course), for service stage only 9.900 KN/m
LL1 = PL1 (Foothpath Pdedestrian) for service stage only 2.126 KN/m
LL2 = PL2 (Cariageway Pedestrian) for service satge only 0.000 KN/m
Overall depth of Girder, D 2200.00 mm
Effective depth d 1828.00 mm
Centroid of Cable from bottom fibre 372.00 mm
Number of Cross Girder 4.00 Nos
Total Load due to cross Girder 119.33 KN
Reaction due to cross girder 59.66 KN
Characterstic strength at transfer, fci,min 36.00 N/mm2
Permissible tensile stress at transer ftt 0.00 N/mm2 Ist class prestressing
Permissible compressive stress at transer fct 21.60 N/mm2 <= 18.00 1/2fci
Permissible compressive stress at service fcw 16.20 N/mm2 <= 15.00 1/3fck
Permissible tensile stress at service ftw 0.00 N/mm2 st
I class prestressing
Prestressing efficiency, η 0.75
permissibe stress in the top ftr 16.20 N/mm2
Permissibe stress in the bottom fbr 16.20 N/mm2
permissibe stress in wires/Strands/Cables 1456.38 N/mm2
Breaking load of one Cable 3488.06 KN

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Permissible load for one cable 2731.15 KN

DESIGN CALCULATIONS:
ILD at, α = X/L 0.2500 Moderate
ILD at, x 8.7500 m FOS for G FOS SG FOS for Q
Prestressing force, Pcosθ 11496.1 KN 1.25 2.00 2.50
Eccentricity, ex 1151.7914 mm Cabile Profile: Eccentric Parabola, e2 0.810 m
2
Eccentricity of prestressed force ex 1.1517914 m Cable Equation: ex = 4(emid - e2)x(L-x)/L + e2
Tanθ -0.0261 Slope Equation:Tanθx=d(ex)/dx = 4(emid - e2)(L-2x)/L2
INPUT RESPONSES FROM ANALYSIS: Governing load case: IRC Class 70R_W
Max Mements about L/2: IRC Class 70R_W
Without FOS DL(SL+PG+CG), Mg1 5128.43 KNm
Without FOS DL Load Mg2 1629.46 KNm
Without FOS PL+LL+IL Mq 3719.15 KNm
Ultimate BM With FOS Mu 14929.06 KNm
Without FOS Prestressing Load Mp 13241.11 KNm
Permissible stress fsup -3.58 N/mm2 due to prestressing force only at top fibre
Permissible stress finf 21.95 N/mm2 due to prestressing force only at bottom fibre
Min Prqd 7401.59 KN In total
Max erqd 1520.21 mm > permissible 1151.79 revise 'e'
Adopt revised eccentricty, e 1151.79 mm DIRECT or MANUAL INPUT for HIT AND TRIAL
Min Prqd 9196.85 KN
Min Post tensioning force P 9199.97 KN 4415.2002
Adopt Total Post Tensioning, P 11500.00 KN DIRECT or MANUAL INPUT for HIT AND TRIAL
Achieved Prestressing force, Pcosθ 11496.1 KN In total
Number of Cable Np rqd 4.21068 Nos Min Post tensioning force P 1839.99 KN
Adopt number of Cable Np rqd 5.00 Nos Adopt Post tensioning force P 2300.00 KN
Adopt Post Tensioning/cable P/cable 2300.00 KN <= 2731.15 OK
Factor of safety 1.5165 FOS >= 1.00000 OK
Post Tensioning/cable P for check 2300.00 KN by another method Matching
Area of one cable Acable 1875.30 mm2
Total Area of cable Ap 9376.50 mm2
1. Check of Section Modulus
Section modulus at top, Zt reqd 0.3339 m3 <= 1.4340 OK
Section modulus at top, Zb reqd 0.3339 m3 <= 0.6364 OK
2. Check of stressess
a. Rare combination Adopt cable no for transfer 5.00 Nos
Stress at top fibre, ft 0.975 N/mm2 >= 0.000 OK
Stress at bottom fibre, fb 19.381 N/mm2 <= 21.600 OK
b. Quasi-permanent combination
Stress at top fibre ft 5.3552 N/mm2 <= 16.200 OK
Stress at bottom fibre fb 4.1160 N/mm2 >= 0.0000 OK
3) Check for ultimate moment capacity, Mu
Material partial factor of safety, gc 1.50
Material partial factor of safety, gs 1.15
Lever arm z = jd, lever arm factor j 0.9657 by strain-stress analysis of strain compatibility method
Neutral axis depth, xu 150.572 mm by strain-stress analysis of strain compatibility method
fck 45.0 N/mm2
fp 1860.0 N/mm2
Elasticity modulus for cablel, Es 195000.0 N/mm2

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α 0.667
α/gc 0.444
Design stress, fcd 20.00 N/mm2
n 2.00
ecu2 0.0035
ec2 0.0020
strain ratio 0.571
1 - strain ratio 0.429
b1 0.809524
b2 0.415966
xu,max/d 0.2968
jmin 0.8766
K 0.0936
bf 4200.00 mm
Df 250.00 mm
d 1828.00 mm
bw 300.00 mm
xu,max 542.46 mm
If xu,max <= Df, Muc,lim 59106.96 KNm
l 0.127
Test: Df/d 0.137
If xu,max > Df,
243.87 mm
Yf
Ultimate moment capacity, Mus 24095.37 KNm
Ultimate moment capacity, Muc 36674.4 KNm
Ultimate moment capacity Mu 24095.37 KNm >= 14929.06 OK
FOS against moment Mu 1.6140 >= 1.00 OK

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DESIGN FOR BENDING MOMENT AT L/8

Simply Supported Motorable Bridge (Harpan River Bridge)
Span, L 35.00 m Overall depth of Girder
Cantilever beyond the span both sides, a 0.45 m 2.20 m
Spacing of Cross Girder, S 11.667 m Extra section upto
Number of Main Girder, N 2.00 Nos 1.750 m
Number of Lanes, n 2.00 Nos
Characterstic strength of concrete, fck 45.00 N/mm2
Ultimate stress of high tensile wires/Strand/Cable fp 1860.00 N/mm2 Grade of steel IS 6006
Number of strand/wire in one Freyssinet cable Ns 19 19K13 12.7 mm
Area of one wire Aw 98.70 mm2 Areafactor 0.7791
Prestressing efficiency, ne 75.00 %
Top Flange width of girder, bf 4200.00 mm
Top Flange Thickness of Girder, Df 250.00 mm Number of webs
Web Thickness of Girder, bw 300.00 mm 2.00 Nos
Web depth excluding slab and bottom slab thickness, dw 1635.00 mm
Bottom Flange width of girder, bfb 750.00 mm
Bottom Flange Thickness of Girder, Dfb 315.00 mm
2
Adopted area of section of Box girder, A 1733312.50 mm
Centroid from top fibre Yt 676.21 mm
Centroid from bottom fibre Yb 1523.79 mm
Adopted section modulus of one T- girder at top Zt 1434015540.4 mm3
Adopted section modulus of one T- girder at bottom Zb 636369072.75 mm3
Maximum Eccentricity available emid at mid section 1265.791 mm
Maximum Eccentricity ex at required section 1009.291 mm Input from Cable Profile
DL1 (Deck slab and T-Girder) for transfer and service stage 86.666 KN/m
DL1 (Extra enlarged Section) for transfer and service stage 36.084 KN/m
DL2 (cross girder point load) for transfer and service stage 29.831 KN
DL3 (Foothpath cum Kerb) for service stage only 16.500 KN/m
SIDL1 (Hand rail), for service stage only 2.002 KN/m
SIDL2 (Wearing Course), for service stage only 9.900 KN/m
LL1 = PL1 (Foothpath Pdedestrian) for service stage only 2.126 KN/m
LL2 = PL2 (Cariageway Pedestrian) for service satge only 0.000 KN/m
Overall depth of Girder, D 2200.00 mm
Effective depth d 1685.50 mm
Centroid of Cable from bottom fibre 514.50 mm
Number of Cross Girder 4.00 Nos
Total Load due to cross Girder 119.33 KN
Reaction due to cross girder 59.66 KN
Characterstic strength at transfer, fci,min 36.00 N/mm2
Permissible tensile stress at transer ftt 0.00 N/mm2 Ist class prestressing
Permissible compressive stress at transer fct 21.60 N/mm2 <= 18.00 1/2fci
Permissible compressive stress at service fcw 16.20 N/mm2 <= 15.00 1/3fck
Permissible tensile stress at service ftw 0.00 N/mm2 st
I class prestressing
Prestressing efficiency, η 0.75
permissibe stress in the top ftr 16.20 N/mm2
Permissibe stress in the bottom fbr 16.20 N/mm2
permissibe stress in wires/Strands/Cables 1456.38 N/mm2
Breaking load of one Cable 3488.06 KN

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Permissible load for one cable 2731.15 KN

DESIGN CALCULATIONS:
ILD at, α = X/L 0.1250 Moderate
ILD at, x 4.3750 m FOS for G FOS SG FOS for Q
Prestressing force, Pcosθ 11491.2 KN 1.25 2.00 2.50
Eccentricity, ex 1009.2914 mm Cabile Profile: Eccentric Parabola, e2 0.810 m
2
Eccentricity of prestressed force ex 1.0092914 m Cable Equation: ex = 4(emid - e2)x(L-x)/L + e2
Tanθ -0.0391 Slope Equation:Tanθx=d(ex)/dx = 4(emid - e2)(L-2x)/L2
INPUT RESPONSES FROM ANALYSIS: Governing load case: IRC Class 70R_W
Max Mements about L/2: IRC Class 70R_W Max Reaction at support: IRC Class 70R_W
Without FOS DL(SL+PG+CG), Mg1 2989.63 KNm Without FOS, SFg1 583.66 KN
Without FOS DL Load Mg2 949.92 KNm Without FOS DL SF g2 186.39 KN
Without FOS PL+LL+IL Mq 2179.26 KNm Without FOS SFq 500.11 KN
Ultimate BM With FOS Mu 8719.72 KNm Ultimate SF With FOS SFu 1815.71 KN
Without FOS Prestressing Load Mp 11597.99 KNm Without FOS SF p 1316.75 KN
Permissible stress fsup -2.08 N/mm2 due to prestressing force only at top fibre
Permissible stress finf 12.82 N/mm2 due to prestressing force only at bottom fibre
Min Prqd 4327.27 KN In total
Max erqd 1518.21 mm > permissible 1009.29 revise 'e'
Adopt revised eccentricty, e 1009.29 mm DIRECT or MANUAL INPUT for HIT AND TRIAL
Min Prqd 5927.22 KN
Min Post tensioning force P 5931.74 KN 3868.9502
Adopt Total Post Tensioning, P 11500.00 KN DIRECT or MANUAL INPUT for HIT AND TRIAL
Achieved Prestressing force, Pcosθ 11491.2 KN In total
Number of Cable Np rqd 4.21068 Nos Min Post tensioning force P 1186.35 KN
Adopt number of Cable Np rqd 5.00 Nos Adopt Post tensioning force P 2300.00 KN
Adopt Post Tensioning/cable P/cable 2300.00 KN <= 2731.15 OK
Factor of safety 1.5165 FOS >= 1.00000 OK
Post Tensioning/cable P for check 2300.00 KN by another method Matching
Area of one cable Acable 1875.30 mm2 2601.10
Total Area of cable Ap 9376.50 mm2
1. Check of Section Modulus
Section modulus at top, Zt reqd 0.1953 m3 <= 1.4340 OK
Section modulus at top, Zb reqd 0.1953 m3 <= 0.6364 OK
2. Check of stressess
a. Rare combination Adopt cable no for transfer 5.00 Nos
Stress at top fibre, ft 0.627 N/mm2 >= 0.000 OK
Stress at bottom fibre, fb 20.157 N/mm2 <= 21.600 OK
b. Quasi-permanent combination
Stress at top fibre ft 3.1733 N/mm2 <= 16.200 OK
Stress at bottom fibre fb 9.0260 N/mm2 >= 0.0000 OK
3) Check for ultimate moment capacity, Mu
Material partial factor of safety, gc 1.50
Material partial factor of safety, gs 1.15
Lever arm z = jd, lever arm factor j 0.9674 by strain-stress analysis of strain compatibility method
Neutral axis depth, xu 132.213 mm by strain-stress analysis of strain compatibility method
fck 45.0 N/mm2
fp 1860.0 N/mm2
Elasticity modulus for cablel, Es 195000.0 N/mm2

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α 0.667
α/gc 0.444
Design stress, fcd 20.00 N/mm2
n 2.00
ecu2 0.0035
ec2 0.0020
strain ratio 0.571
1 - strain ratio 0.429
b1 0.809524
b2 0.415966
xu,max/d 0.2968
jmin 0.8766
K 0.0936
bf 4200.00 mm
Df 250.00 mm
d 1685.50 mm
bw 300.00 mm
xu,max 500.18 mm
If xu,max <= Df, Muc,lim 50250.89 KNm
l 0.127
Test: Df/d 0.148
If xu,max > Df, Yf 237.53 mm
Ultimate moment capacity, Mus 22254.63 KNm
Ultimate moment capacity, Muc 32616.4 KNm
Ultimate moment capacity Mu 22254.63 KNm >= 8719.72 OK
FOS against moment Mu 2.5522 >= 1.00 OK

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DESIGN FOR BENDING MOMENT AT 0L/8

Simply Supported Motorable Bridge (Harpan River Bridge)
Span, L 35.00 m Overall depth of Girder
Cantilever beyond the span both sides, a 0.45 m 2.20 m
Spacing of Cross Girder, S 11.667 m Extra section upto
Number of Main Girder, N 2.00 Nos 1.750 m
Number of Lanes, n 2.00 Nos
Characterstic strength of concrete, fck 45.00 N/mm2
Ultimate stress of high tensile wires/Strand/Cable fp 1860.00 N/mm2 Grade of steel IS 6006
Number of strand/wire in one Freyssinet cable Ns 19 19K13 12.7 mm
Area of one wire Aw 98.70 mm2 Areafactor 0.7791
Prestressing efficiency, ne 75.00 %
Top Flange width of girder, bf 4200.00 mm
Top Flange Thickness of Girder, Df 250.00 mm Number of webs
Web Thickness of Girder, bw 300.00 mm 2.00 Nos
Web depth excluding slab and bottom slab thickness, dw 1635.00 mm
Bottom Flange width of girder, bfb 750.00 mm
Bottom Flange Thickness of Girder, Dfb 315.00 mm
2
Adopted area of section of Box girder, A 1733312.50 mm
Centroid from top fibre Yt 676.21 mm
Centroid from bottom fibre Yb 1523.79 mm
Adopted section modulus of one T- girder at top Zt 1434015540.4 mm3
Adopted section modulus of one T- girder at bottom Zb 636369072.75 mm3
Maximum Eccentricity available emid at mid section 1265.791 mm
Maximum Eccentricity ex at required section 809.791 mm Input from Cable Profile
DL1 (Deck slab and T-Girder) for transfer and service stage 86.666 KN/m
DL1 (Extra enlarged Section) for transfer and service stage 36.084 KN/m
DL2 (cross girder point load) for transfer and service stage 29.831 KN
DL3 (Foothpath cum Kerb) for service stage only 16.500 KN/m
SIDL1 (Hand rail), for service stage only 2.002 KN/m
SIDL2 (Wearing Course), for service stage only 9.900 KN/m
LL1 = PL1 (Foothpath Pdedestrian) for service stage only 2.126 KN/m
LL2 = PL2 (Cariageway Pedestrian) for service satge only 0.000 KN/m
Overall depth of Girder, D 2200.00 mm
Effective depth d 1486.00 mm
Centroid of Cable from bottom fibre 714.00 mm
Number of Cross Girder 4.00 Nos
Total Load due to cross Girder 119.33 KN
Reaction due to cross girder 59.66 KN
Characterstic strength at transfer, fci,min 36.00 N/mm2
Permissible tensile stress at transer ftt 0.00 N/mm2 Ist class prestressing
Permissible compressive stress at transer fct 21.60 N/mm2 <= 18.00 1/2fci
Permissible compressive stress at service fcw 16.20 N/mm2 <= 15.00 1/3fck
Permissible tensile stress at service ftw 0.00 N/mm2 st
I class prestressing
Prestressing efficiency, η 0.75
permissibe stress in the top ftr 16.20 N/mm2
Permissibe stress in the bottom fbr 16.20 N/mm2
permissibe stress in wires/Strands/Cables 1456.38 N/mm2
Breaking load of one Cable 3488.06 KN

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Permissible load for one cable 2731.15 KN

DESIGN CALCULATIONS:
ILD at, α = X/L 0.0000 Moderate
ILD at, x 0.0000 m FOS for G FOS SG FOS for Q
Prestressing force, Pcosθ 11484.4 KN 1.25 2.00 2.50
Eccentricity, ex 809.7914 mm Cabile Profile: Eccentric Parabola, e2 0.810 m
2
Eccentricity of prestressed force ex 0.8097914 m Cable Equation: ex = 4(emid - e2)x(L-x)/L + e2
Tanθ -0.0521 Slope Equation:Tanθx=d(ex)/dx = 4(emid - e2)(L-2x)/L2
INPUT RESPONSES FROM ANALYSIS: Governing load case: IRC Class 70R_W
Max Mements about L/2: IRC Class 70R_W
Without FOS DL(SL+PG+CG), Mg1 21.41 KNm
Without FOS DL Load Mg2 -1.44 KNm
Without FOS PL+LL+IL Mq -0.11 KNm
Ultimate BM With FOS Mu 26.60 KNm
Without FOS Prestressing Load Mp 9299.98 KNm
Permissible stress fsup -0.01 N/mm2 due to prestressing force only at top fibre
Permissible stress finf 0.04 N/mm2 due to prestressing force only at bottom fibre
Min Prqd 4.25 KN In total
Max erqd 5865.13 mm > permissible 809.79 revise 'e'
Adopt revised eccentricty, e 809.79 mm DIRECT or MANUAL INPUT for HIT AND TRIAL
Min Prqd 22.51 KN
Min Post tensioning force P 22.54 KN 3104.2002
Adopt Total Post Tensioning, P 11500.00 KN DIRECT or MANUAL INPUT for HIT AND TRIAL
Achieved Prestressing force, Pcosθ 11484.4 KN In total
Number of Cable Np rqd 4.21068 Nos Min Post tensioning force P 4.51 KN
Adopt number of Cable Np rqd 5.00 Nos Adopt Post tensioning force P 2300.00 KN
Adopt Post Tensioning/cable P/cable 2300.00 KN <= 2731.15 OK
Factor of safety 1.5165 FOS >= 1.00000 OK
Post Tensioning/cable P for check 2300.00 KN by another method Matching
Area of one cable Acable 1875.30 mm2 2601.10
Total Area of cable Ap 9376.50 mm2
1. Check of Section Modulus
Section modulus at top, Zt reqd 0.0003 m3 <= 1.4340 OK
Section modulus at top, Zb reqd 0.0003 m3 <= 0.6364 OK
2. Check of stressess
a. Rare combination Adopt cable no for transfer 5.00 Nos
Stress at top fibre, ft 0.155 N/mm2 >= 0.000 OK
Stress at bottom fibre, fb 21.206 N/mm2 <= 21.600 OK
b. Quasi-permanent combination
Stress at top fibre ft 0.1192 N/mm2 <= 16.200 OK
Stress at bottom fibre fb 15.8987 N/mm2 >= 0.0000 OK
3) Check for ultimate moment capacity, Mu
Material partial factor of safety, gc 1.50
Material partial factor of safety, gs 1.15
Lever arm z = jd, lever arm factor j 0.9685 by strain-stress analysis of strain compatibility method
Neutral axis depth, xu 112.412 mm by strain-stress analysis of strain compatibility method
fck 45.0 N/mm2
fp 1860.0 N/mm2
Elasticity modulus for cablel, Es 195000.0 N/mm2

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α 0.667
α/gc 0.444
Design stress, fcd 20.00 N/mm2
n 2.00
ecu2 0.0035
ec2 0.0020
strain ratio 0.571
1 - strain ratio 0.429
b1 0.809524
b2 0.415966
xu,max/d 0.2968
jmin 0.8766
K 0.0936
bf 4200.00 mm
Df 250.00 mm
d 1486.00 mm
bw 300.00 mm
xu,max 440.98 mm
If xu,max <= Df, Muc,lim 39059.25 KNm
l 0.127
Test: Df/d 0.168
If xu,max > Df, Yf 228.65 mm
Ultimate moment capacity, Mus 19644.09 KNm
Ultimate moment capacity, Muc 27253.0 KNm
Ultimate moment capacity Mu 19644.09 KNm >= 26.60 OK
FOS against moment Mu 738.3775 >= 1.00 OK

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BEARING PRESSURE AT ANCHOR END AND END BLOCK DESIGN

Simply Supported Motorable Bridge (Harpan River Bridge)
Span, L 35.00 m
Cantilever beyond the span both sides, a 0.45 m
Adopt post tensioning/cable, P/cable 2515.000 KN Revised force after cactual loss calculation
Prestressing efficiency, ne 83.328 % Assumed after initial loss (friction, slip,elastic shortenting)
Characterstic strength of concrete, fck 45.00 N/mm2

Steel grade for bursting force, fy 500.00 N/mm2

Overall depth of Girder, D 2200.00 mm Provided
Bottom flange thickness of slab, Dfb 750.00 mm Provided
Spacing of cable in bottom slab 175.00 mm Provided
Thickness of web 300.00 mm Provided
Spacing of cable in web 340.00 mm Provided
Anchor bearing plate width, b1 244 mm Note: in addition to 244 x 244
Anchor bearing plate depth, d1 244 mm Provide extra plate 244 x 244
Anchor base area, A1 59536.00 mm2
Maximum Force/cable 2095.69 KN Assumed after initial loss (friction, slip,elastic shortenting)
1. Bearing pressure in web at anchor end:
Area of prism for web, A2 102000.000 mm2
square root of area ratio, √A2/A1 1.309
Allowable bearing stress = 0.48*fck√(A2/A1) 28.27 N/mm2 or = 0.8*fck 36 N/mm2
2
Bearing Stress in web 35.20 N/mm <= 28.27 provide spiral bar
% increase in allowable bearing stress 25.00 % Assumed if confinement reinforcement is provided
Bearing Stress 35.20 N/mm2 <= 35.34 OK
Note: Spiral bar as confinement reinforcement hence increasing bearing capacity of concrete.
3. Design of End Block Table for end block bursting
Width of end block, 2yo 750.00 mm Ypo/Yo Fbst/Pk
Force transfering area 2ypo 244.00 mm 0.300 0.260
Prestressing force in one cable Pk 2095.69 KN 0.400 0.230
Ratio =2ypo/2yo 0.33 mm 0.500 0.190
Bursting force in end block Fbst 528.952 KN 0.600 0.160
Area of steel, Abst = Fbst/(0.87*fy) 1215.981 mm 2 0.700 0.120
Required 16.00 φ bar @ 165.35 mm c/c area of steel 1215.98 mm2
Provide 16.00 φ bar @ 150.00 mm c/c area of steel 1340.41 mm2
Bar distributed from 0.2yo 75.00 to 2yo 750.00 mm
Length of end block 2200.00 mm Provide beyond the support 0.45 m
Depth of end block 2200.00 mm Provide within the support 1.75 m

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HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

CALCULATION OF LOSS OF PRESTRESS
(Assumption: Prestressing activities from both end of girder)
Span of the bridge 35.00 m
Cantilever proection beyond the span, a 0.450 m 0.450 m
2
Grade of Cable, fp 1860.00 N/mm
Prestressing Force/Cable, P 2300.00 KN
Cable specification 19.00 19K13 12.70 mm
Area factor 0.7791
Number of cables 5.00 Nos
Eccentricity of cable 1265.79 mm
Grade of Concrete 45.00 N/mm2
Young's modulus of elasticity, Es 195000.00 N/mm2
Area of Concrete at mid, Ac 1733312.50 mm2
Moment of Inertia at mid, I 969693695895 mm4
Area of Concrete at end, Ac 2455000.00 mm2
Moment of Inertia nat end, I 1486192241952 mm4
Total length of bridge 35.900 m
Total Prestressing Force 11500.00 KN
Area of cable of total cable, A 9376.502824 mm2
Young's modulus of elasticity, Ecm 34312.984 N/mm2
Modular Ratio of Concrete, m 5.683 N/mm2
Initial stress in steel, Po 1226.470 N/mm2
Stress in the Concrete, fc (After Successive deduction) 22.706 N/mm2
1. Calculation of Loss of Stress due to Friction (prestressing from both end of girder)
Coefficient of friction between duct and cable, μ 0.17000 Per radian
Friction coefficient for wave effect, K 0.00200 per m
Average emerging angle/slope in degree,θend 2.193 o
Average emerging angle/slope in radian,θend 0.0383 radian
Friction at mid section, x = L/2 17.950 m
slope in degree,θx 0.0000 o
slope in radian,θx 0.0000 radian
Angle between tangents at support and at x, αx 0.0383 radian
Px at x = L/2 1175.546 N/mm2
Loss of Stress in steel due to friction 50.924 N/mm2
% loss of stress in steel due to friction 4.152 %
Prestressing Force after friction loss 11022.51 KN
2. Calculation of Loss of Stress due to Anchorage Slip (During prestressing)
Let the slip at the jacking end assumed 10 mm at both end
Average length of cable, lc 35.92 m
Strain in the concrete due to slip 0.00055685

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Loss of stress in steel due to anchorage slip 108.59 N/mm2

% loss of stress in steel due to anchorage slip 0.000 %
Prestressing Force after cummulative loss (friction and slip) 11022.51 KN
Stress after cummulative loss (friction and slip) 1175.55 N/mm2
3. Calculation of Loss of Stress due to Relaxation (Short term relaxation loss)
Type of relaxation Low
Initial Stress ratio 0.632
% loss of stress in steel due to short term relaxation 1.650 % Table 6.2 IRC 112-2011
Prestressing force after cummulative loss 11022.510 KN
4. Calculation of Loss of Stress due to Elastic shortening by sequencial prestressing
Eccentriciety at the end-section eend 809.791 mm
Eccentricity at mid-section emid 1265.791 mm
stress in end at centroid of cable, send 9.759 N/mm2
stress in mid at centroid of cable, smid 25.636 N/mm2
for parabolic cable, Stress 26.849 N/mm2
loss of prestress due to elastic shortaning 76.292 N/mm2
% loss of stress in steel due to elastic shortening 5.626 %
Prestressing force after cummulative loss 10185.73 KN
5. Calculation of Loss of Stress due to Shrinkage of Concrete (long term loss)
Age of concrete at transfer 0 28.00 Days
Shrinkage Strain 0.00014
Loss of stress in steel due to concrete shrinkage 26.40 N/mm2
% loss of stress in steel due to concrete shrinkage 2.153 %
6. Calculation of Loss of Stress due to Creep of Concrete (Long term loss)
Ultimate Creep Strain per unit stress, εcc 0.00004000 per N/mm2
Loss of stress in steel 177.110 N/mm2
% loss of stress in steel due to concret creep 14.441 %
7. Calculation of Loss of Stress due to Relaxation (Long term Loss)
% loss of stress in steel due to long term relaxation 4.951 % Table 6.2 IRC 112-2011
Total initial % loss in Post-tensioning actual 11.428 % For transfer load
Total final % loss in Post-tensioning actual 31.322 % for sevice load
% loss of Prestress in design assumed 25.00 % for sevice load
Increase prestressing force to balance excess loss 9.200 % compensating exess loss
Extra Prestressing force to balance excess % loss 211.600 KN for adjustment
Prestressing force including excess loss 2512.000 KN
Prestress force after total loss assumed 1725.00 KN in design
Prestress force after total loss actual/Final 1725.19 KN > matching OK
Adopt prestressing force 2515.0 KN

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HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

CALCULATION OF LOSS OF PRESTRESS
(Assumption: Prestressing activities from both end of girder)
Span of the bridge 35.00 m
Cantilever proection beyond the span, a 0.450 m 0.450 m
2
Grade of Cable, fp 1865.00 N/mm
Prestressing Force/Cable, P 2300.00 KN
Cable specification 19.00 19K13 12.70 mm
Area factor 0.7791
Number of cables 5.00 Nos
Eccentricity of cable 809.79 mm
Grade of Concrete 45.00 N/mm2
Young's modulus of elasticity, Es 195000.00 N/mm2
Area of Concrete at mid, Ac 1733312.50 mm2
Moment of Inertia at mid, I 969693695895 mm4
Area of Concrete at end, Ac 2455000.00 mm2
Moment of Inertia nat end, I 1486192241952 mm4
Total length of bridge 35.000 m
Total Prestressing Force 11500.00 KN
Area of cable of total cable, A 9376.502824 mm2
Young's modulus of elasticity, Ec 33541.01966 N/mm2
Modular Ratio of Concrete, m 5.814 N/mm2
Initial stress in steel, Po 1226.470 N/mm2
Stress in the Concrete, fc (After Successive deduction) 12.009 N/mm2
1. Calculation of Loss of Stress due to Friction (prestressing from both end of girder)
Coefficient of friction between duct and cable, μ 0.17000 Per radian
Friction coefficient for wave effect, K 0.00200 per m
Average emerging angle in degree,α 2.193 o
Average emerging angle in radian,α 0.0383 radian
Friction at mid section, x = 0 0.0000 m
slope in degree,θx 2.193 o
slope in radian,θx 0.0383 radian
Angle between tangents at support and at x, αx 0.0000 radian
Px at x = L/2 1226.470 N/mm2
Loss of Stress in steel due to friction 0.000 N/mm2
% loss of stress in steel due to friction 0.000 %
Prestressing Force after friction loss 11500.00 KN

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2. Calculation of Loss of Stress due to Anchorage Slip (During prestressing Short term loss)
Let the slip at the jacking end assumed 10 mm at both end
Average length of cable, lc 35.92 m
Total Strain in the concrete = εcc 0.00057143
Loss of stress in steel due to anchorage slip 111.43 N/mm2
% loss of stress in steel due to anchorage slip 9.085 %
Prestressing Force after cummulative loss (friction and slip) 10455.19 KN
Stress after cummulative loss (friction and slip) 1115.04 N/mm2
3. Calculation of Loss of Stress due to Relaxation (Short term relaxation loss)
Type of relaxation Low
Initial Stress ratio 0.598
% loss of stress in steel due to short term relaxation 1.223 % Table 6.2 IRC 112-2011
Prestressing force after cummulative loss 10455.190 KN
4. Calculation of Loss of Stress due to Elastic shortening by sequencial prestressing
Eccentriciety at the end-section eend 809.791 mm
Eccentricity at mid-section emid 1265.791 mm
stress in end at centroid of cable, send 9.759 N/mm2
stress in mid at centroid of cable, smid 25.636 N/mm2
for parabolic cable, Stress 26.849 N/mm2
loss of prestress due to elastic shortaning 78.048 N/mm2
% loss of stress in steel due to elastic shortening 6.364 %
Prestressing force after cummulative loss 9582.67 KN
5. Calculation of Loss of Stress due to Shrinkage of Concrete (long term loss)
Age of concrete at transfer 28.00 Days
Shrinkage Strain 0.00014
Loss of stress in steel due to concrete shrinkage 26.40 N/mm2
% loss of stress in steel due to concrete shrinkage 2.153 %
6. Calculation of Loss of Stress due to Creep of Concrete (Long term loss)
Ultimate Creep Strain per unit stress, εcc 0.00004000 per N/mm2
Loss of stress in steel 93.669 N/mm2
% loss of stress in steel due to concret creep 7.637 %
7. Calculation of Loss of Stress due to Relaxation (Long term Loss)
% loss of stress in steel due to long term relaxation 3.670 % Table 6.2 IRC 112-2011
Total initial % loss in Post-tensioning actual 16.672 % For bearing
Total final % loss in Post-tensioning actual 28.909 % for sevice load
% loss of Prestress in design assumed 25.00 % for sevice load
Increase prestressing force to balance excess loss 9.200 % to compensate extra loss

HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

92
 HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

Extra Prestressing force to balance excess % loss 211.600 KN for adjustment

Prestressing force including excess loss 2512.00 KN
Prestress force after total loss assumed 1725.00 KN 34.914 N/mm2
Prestress force after total loss actual/Final 1785.80 KN > 1725 OK
Adopt prestressing force 2515.00 KN

HARPAN RIVER BRIDGE

93
 Design of Abutment Bamdi Harpan Khola bridge
(Left / Right)

Analysis data
Unit weight of backfill soil γ 20 kN/m³
Unit weight of concrete ω_conc 25 kN/m³

Degree Radian
Angle between the wall and earth α 0 0.0000
Angle of internal friction of backfill soil φ 35 0.6109
Angle of friction between soil and wall δ 22.5 0.3927

Span length = 35 m
R.L. of Deck surface 777.418 m
Total depth of superstructure deck (including Wearing Course) 2.285 m
(From design report of superstructure)
Assumed thickness of bearing + levelling pedestal 0.3 m
Thickness of abutment cap 0.6 m
HFL 773.333 m
Freeboard 1.5 m
Lowest bed level of the river 770.012
Maximum scour level for abutment 768.529 m
Average ground level at abutment locations 771.000
Bottom of abutment stem 769.510 m

Total height of the abutment H= 7.908 m

(from the stem base to the top of the ballast wall)
Height of abutment deducting approach slab thickness H1 = 7.608 m

Length of the abutment L= 8.40 m

Thickness of the return wall 0.400 m

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_stem_L [1]

 Let the section of the abutment be as follows:

0.25 0.5
3.50 1.20 777.418 Deck level
0.3

a5
1.50 0.50
a6
2.285
a4 0.62 0.58 775.133 Soffit level
a7
_ 1.685 0.300
2.50 a3 0.60
a8 HFL= 773.333

7.908
2.0
a1

0.357
0.5
4.723

0.263
3.69
a2
A Stem base 769.510

1.20 0
1.20

Calculation of area, volume, weight and CG with respect to point A

Area CG-X CG-Z Volume, m³ Weight, kN

a1 5.668 0.600 2.361 47.61 1190.20
a2 0.000 1.200 1.574 0.00 0.00
a3 1.020 0.350 5.023 8.57 214.20
a4 1.293 -0.250 6.765 10.86 271.43
a5 0.094 -0.625 7.358 0.79 19.69
a6 3.750 -1.750 7.158 3.00 75.00
a7 2.106 -1.333 5.846 1.69 42.13
a8 0.500 -0.167 4.056 4.20 105.00
Total 14.43 76.71 1917.63 (dl_abut)
Position of CG 0.263 3.69
Position of CG relative to superstructure load point = 0.357
Position of CG relative to center of stem base -0.337
Position of superstr. Load point relative to stem base 0.020

Non-seismic forces on the abutment

Total dead+superimposed loads from superstructure dl_sup 2340 kN

Surfacing load from the superstructure dl_surf 152 kN

Pedestrian live load pl 230 kN

Critical moving load excluding impact 854 kN
Total live load ll 1084 kN

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_stem_L [2]

 Transverse Eccentricity of superstructure Dead loads e_dl 0.00 m
Transverse Eccentricity of superstructure Live loads e_ll 0.350 m

Braking force:
Braking force = 20% of the weight of the 1st train of design vehicle + 10% of the succeeding thereof
And this force acts along the bridge at 1.2m above the road level
(IRC:6-2017, 211.2)

Weight of the IRC Class A vehicle = 544 kN

Number of lanes considered 2
Hence weight of first train of vehicle 1088 kN
Partial weight of succeeding vehicle 0 kN
Therefore braking force = br_f 109 kN
(Note: the braking force is shared by the abutment and the neighbouring pier)

Frictional force due to resistance of bearings (temperature effect)

Coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete C 0.0000117

Length of main girders L 35000 mm
Concrete grade of superstructure M 45 N/mm²
Assumed Width of elastomeric beraing (a) 750 mm
Assume width of elastomeric bearing (parallel to span) (b) 500 mm
Assume thickness of elastomeric bearing T 65 mm
Differential temperature in celcius dt 30 degree
Number of main girders = 2 nos
Assume Shear modulus of elastomer (IRC:83-2015 part II) G 0.90 N/mm² (range 0.7 to 1.15)
Elongation of the girder due to temperature, C*L*dt 12.29 mm

Notional size of girder, ho = 459 kh = 0.710 ε_cd = 3.20E-04

Shrinkage strain Autogenous Drying Total (IRC:112-2019, 6.4.2.6)
0.000065 0.000228 0.000293
change in length of the girder due to shrinkage 10.2 mm
Hence total elongation (at each side) dL = 11.3 mm
Plan area of the bearing A 375000 mm²

Force transmitted to the pier/abutment (G*A*dl/T) 58.48 kN per bearing

Total force from all bearings 116.96 kN
Hence Lateral force due to frictional resistance of bearings,
fr_f 116.96 kN

Effect of buyoncy

Depth of submerged part of abutment = 3.82 m

Area of stem at base = 10.08 m²
Area of stem at top = 10.08 m²
Area of stem at HFL = 10.08 m²
Volume of submerged part of abutment = 38.54 m³
In case of scour around, full buyont force -385.36 kN Scour around
Buyoncy through pore pressure bu_f -57.80 kN Pore pressure

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_stem_L [3]

 Forces due to earth pressure

Active earth pressure coefficient

Where,
Ø= Angle of internal friction of soil 0.611 rad
θ= Angle of inner face of the wall with the vertical plane = 0.0 rad
δ= Angle of friction of soil with the wall 0.393 rad
β= Angle of slope of filling 0.00 rad

Hence, Ka = 0.244

Total force by static earth pressure = 0.5* Ka* γ * H² * L = 1284.25 kN

It's point of application will be at H*0.42 (IRC:6-2017, 214.1.1.1) 3.32 m

Live load surcharge

(IRC:06-2017, 214.1.1.3) Equivalent surcharge height, H_s = 1.2
Surcharge pressure = 5.9 kN/m²
Total surcharge force = 375 kN
Point of application (H*0.5) 3.80 m

Seismic forces on the abutment

(IRC:6-2017. Cl 219. IRC:SP114-2018, 5.2)

Loads from the superstructure

For the purpose of fundamental period, loads from the superstructure taken for full span,
considering fixed bearing at the abutment and free bearing at the adjacent pier/abutment

Total dead+superimposed+surfacing load from superstructure 4984 kN (unfactored)

Live load along the bridge axis 0 (IRC:6, 219.5.2)
Live load across the bridge bridge axis 434 kN (unfactored)
Load of the abutment above the cap level 513 kN
Total load on the abutment stem, (D) Along bridge axis 5497 kN
Across bridge axis 5931 kN
In case of pile foundation
Dead load of abutment 1918 kN
Dead load of pile cap 3520 kN
Total load on piles Along bridge axis 10935 kN
Across bridge axis 11368 kN

Let the number of piles be 12 nos

Diameter of pile 1.0 m
Cracked moment of inertia of single pile 0.0368 m^4
Virtual depth of fixity of piles 5.88 m (No scour condition)
Concrete grade of pile M 35 Hence, E = 32000000 kN/m²
Stiffness of single pile (fixed head column) 69703 kN/m
Stiffness of group of pile (approximate) k_p = 836440 kN/m

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_stem_L [4]

 Effective Moment of inertia of abutment stem (considering tapered section of the stem)
Moment of inertia at base along bridge axis 1.21 m^4
across bridge axis 59.27 m^4

Moment of inertia at bottom of cap along bridge axis = 1.21 m^4 Rario of I = n = 1.00
across bridge axis = 59.27 m^4 Rario of I = n = 1.00

Equivalent moment of inertia = 0.67*(n² + 4n+1)*I_base/(n*(n+3))

Along bridge axis 1.22 m^4
Across bridge axis 59.57 m^4

Cracked Moment of inertia of abutment (75% of total I)

Along bridge axis I= 0.91 m^4
Across bridge axis I= 44.68 m^4

Height of abutmet (from the stem base to the cap level) 5.32 m
Modulus of elasticity of concrete IRC:112-2019 Table 6.5 3.10E+07 kN/m²

Stiffness of abutment stem Along bridge axis k_abut = 562189 kN/m

Across bridge axis k_abut = 27547281 kN/m

Total stiffness of elastomeric bearings k_b = 10384.6154 kN/m

Hence combined stiffness of the abutment column + piles (if any)

Along bridge axis 10073 kN/m
Across bridge axis 10253 kN/m

Taking displacement, from the relation F = k*displacement, F =

Along bridge axis 10.07 kN
Across bridge axis 10.25 kN

Fundamental Time Period, T = 2*sqrt(D/(1000*F)

Along bridge axis 2.08 sec
Across bridge axis 2.11 sec

Design acceleration coefficient, following Elastic Seismic Acceleration Method (IRC SP:114-2018. 5.2.1)

Type of soil Medium soil

Along bridge axis Sa/g = 0.65
Across bridge axis Sa/g = 0.65

General horizontal seismic coefficient, Ah = Z/2 * I * Sa/g / R

Where, Z = Zonal factor 0.36 (IRC:SP:114-2018, 4.3)
I = Importance factor 1.2 (IRC:SP:114-2018, 4.5)
Sa/g = Average response acceleration coefficient, as derived above
R = Reduction coefficient 3 (IRC:SP:114-2018, 4.2.4)
Considering plastic hinge at the base. To be checked for requirement of ductile detailing

Along bridge axis Across bridge axis

General Horizontal seismic coefficient αh = 0.0470 0.0465
General Vertical seismic coefficient (2/3 of αh) αv = 0.0313 0.0310

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_stem_L [5]

 Seismic forces from different component (unfactored)

Vertical Horizontal force,kN Moment, kN.m

load, kN along axis across axis along axis across axis
Due to Dead loads

Superstructure DL+superimposed
73 220 109 1489.4 736.1

Abutment
Ballast wall 8.50 12.8 12.6 79.1 85.4
Return walls 3.67 5.5 5.4 27.9 35.4
Cap 6.7 10.1 10.0 48.9 50.0
Stem (rectangle) 37.3 55.9 55.3 132.1 130.7
Stem (triangle) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total due to abutment DL 56.17 84.25 83.37 288.0 301.5

Due to surface load 4.76 14.29 7.07 113.8 56.2

Due to live loads

Pedestrians 2.88 0.00 4.28 0.1 34.0
Vehicles 10.70 0.00 15.88 0.2 144.7
Total due to live loads 13.58 0.00 20.16 0.27 178.71

Seismic force due to Backfill soil

(Following Mononobe-Okabe analysis. Ref. AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications 2004. App. A11.1)

Seismic active pressure coefficient

Where,
Ø= Angle of internal friction of soil = 0.611 rad
θ= arctan(Ah / (1-Av)) 0.048 rad
β= Slope of the wall to the vertical = 0.0 rad
δ= Angle of friction between soil and abutment = 0.393 rad
i= Backfill slope angle 0.0 rad

We get, K_ae = 0.27

Total horizontal force due to seismic earth pressure = 0.5*K_ae* γ * H² * L = 1431.5 kN

Dynamic increment in soil pressure = 1431.53 - 1284.25 147.3 kN

Its point of application will be at 0.5 of abutment height 3.95 m
Moment at the base = 582.3

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_stem_L [6]

 Seismic increment due to live load surcharge

Total horizontal seismic earth pressure = 6.5 kN/m²

Horizontal Force at abutment base 418.0 kN
Dynamic increment in horizontal force 418.0 - 375.0 43.0 kN
Lever arm and longitudinal moment at the base = 3.80 m 163.6 kN.m

Total seismic forces at the abutment base Along axis Across axis
Verticle/axial, kN 147.8
Horizontal along axis, kN 508.7
Horizontal across axis, kN 219.4
Moment along axis, kN.m 2637.3
Moment across axis, kN.m 1272.6

Load combinations for different limit states (IRC:6-2017. Tables B1 to B4)

Ultimate limit state, Basic combination

Particular Load Vertical Hor. Force Hor. Force Moment Moment

factor force (kN) along axis, across axis, along axis, across
kN kN kN.m axis, kN.m

Superstructure DL 1.35 3159.0 63.18 0.0

Surface load 1.75 266.0 5.32 0.0
Live load 1.50 1626.0 33 569.1
Abutment 1.35 2588.8 -873
Soil mass 1.50 1926.38 6398
Buyoncy 0.15 -8.7
Live load surcharge 1.20 449.97 1712
Tractive/Braking force 1.5 163.20 1486
Temperature 0.9 105.26 592

Total 7631 2645 0 9416 569

Ultimate limit state, Seismic combination

Particular Load Vertical Hor. Force Hor. Force Moment Moment

factor force (kN) along axis, across axis, along axis, across
kN kN kN.m axis, kN.m
Non seismic forces
Superstructure DL 1.35 3159.0 0.0 0.0 63.2 0.0
Surface load 1.75 266.0 0.0 0.0 5.3 0.0
Live load 0.20 216.8 0.0 0.0 4.3 75.9
Abutment 1.35 2588.8 0.0 0.0 -872.9
Soil mass 1.00 0.0 1284.3 0.0 4265.5
Buyoncy 1.00 -57.8 0.0 0.0 0.0
Live load surcharge 0.20 0.0 75.0 0.0 285.3
Tractive/Braking force 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Temperature 0.50 0.0 58.5 0.0 328.8

Seismic forces 1.50 221.7 763.1 329.1 3955.9 1908.9

Total 6395 2181 329 8035 1985

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_stem_L [7]

 Serviceability limit state (Rare Combination)

Particular Load Vertical Hor. Force Hor. Force Moment Moment

factor force (kN) along axis, across axis, along axis, across
kN kN kN.m axis, kN.m
Superstructure DL 1.00 2340.0 0.0 0.0 46.8 0.0
Surface load 1.20 182.4 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0
Live load 1.00 1084.0 0.0 0.0 21.7 379.4
Abutment 1.00 1917.6 0.0 0.0 -646.6 0.0
Soil mass 1.00 0.0 1284.3 0.0 4265.5 0.0
Buyoncy 0.15 -8.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Live load surcharge 0.80 0.0 300.0 0.0 1141.1 0.0
Tractive/Braking force 1.00 0.0 108.8 0.0 991.0 0.0
Temperature 0.60 0.0 70.2 0.0 394.6 0.0

Total 5515.36 1763.20 0.00 6217.68 379.40

Serviceability limit state (Quasi Permanent Combination)

Particular Load Vertical Hor. Force Hor. Force Moment Moment

factor force (kN) along axis, across axis, along axis, across
kN kN kN.m axis, kN.m
Superstructure DL 1.00 2340.0 0.0 0.0 46.8 0.0
Surface load 1.20 182.4 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0
Live load 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Abutment 1.00 1917.6 0.0 0.0 -646.6 0.0
Soil mass 1.00 0.0 1284.3 0.0 4265.5 0.0
Buyoncy 0.15 -8.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Live load surcharge 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tractive/Braking force 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Temperature 0.50 0.0 58.5 0.0 328.8 0.0

Total 4431.36 1342.73 0.00 3998.17 0.00

Summary of load cases

Loads/forces --> Vertical Hor. Force Hor. Force Moment Moment

force (kN) along axis, across axis, along axis, across axis,
kN kN kN.m kN.m
Load combinations
ULS Basic combination 7631.1 2644.8 0.0 9416.3 569.1
ULS Seismic combination 6394.5 2180.8 329.1 8035.4 1984.7
SLS Rare combination 5515.4 1763.2 0.0 6217.7 379.4
SLS Quasi Permanent combination 4431.4 1342.7 0.0 3998.2 0.0

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_stem_L [8]

 Design of abutment (at stem base)

Material specifications
Grade of concrete fck = 30 N/mm²
Grade of reinforcing steel fy = 500 N/mm²
Concrete Mean strength fcm = 40 N/mm²
Modulus of elasticity of concrete Ecm = 31187 N/mm²
Modulus of elasticity of steel rebars Es = 200000 N/mm²
Design concrete stress For ULS fcd_uls = 13.40 N/mm²
For Rare comb. fcd_rare = 14.40 N/mm²
For QPC fcd_qpc = 10.80 N/mm²
Design tensile strength of concrete fctm = 2.50 N/mm²
Design tensile stress of steel (for ULS) fyd_uls = 434.8 N/mm²
Design tensile stress of steel (for SLS) fyd = 400.0 N/mm²

Area of concrete at base Ac = 10.08 m²

0.1*fcd*Ac = 13507 kN
Ultimate axial load = N_ed = 7631 kN
Can be designed as flexural member, neglecting axial load (IRC:112-2019. 7.6.4.1)

B, mm D, mm Ac, mm²
Total length, breadth and area of abutment at base = 8400 1200 1.01E+07

Lets provide tensile steel reinforcement as Ø 25 mm @ 150 mm c/c

Clear cover = 75 mm Total number of main bars 56 nos
Diameter of transverse bars 12 mm Area of tensile rebars, Ast = 27489 mm²
_ Effective depth, d_eff = 1101 mm
Minimum required area of tensile reinforcement
0.0012*Ac = 12096 mm² (0.26*f_ctm/fy)*b*d_eff = 12020 mm² ok

Reinforcement at toe side, provide Ø 20 mm @ 150 mm c/c

Total number of main bars 56 nos
Total area of reinforcement at both face Area of comp. rebars 17593 mm²
Minimum 24192 mm² Minimum required 12096 ok
Maximum 403200 mm² Total reinforcement area 45082 mm²
(IRC:112-2019. 16.3.1) ok

Transverse reinforcement
Minimum required
0.001Ac = 1200 per meter height 0.25*Ast/meter length = 1342 mm²

Provide both sides (as stirrups) Ø 12 mm @ 150 mm c/c

Total number each side 33 nos Total number (both sides) 66 nos
Total area 7464 mm²
Area per meter height 1580 ok

Ultimate moment

Coefficient for compressive force block (rectangle/parabolic) β1 = 0.8095

Coefficient for center of compressive block β2 = 0.4160
Ultimate strain in concrete εcu = 0.0035
Ultimate strain in steel = 0.87*(fy/Es) εsu = 0.0022
Limiting neutral axis Xu = 679 mm
Limiting compression force = β1*B*fcd*Xu Fcu = 61845 kN
Limiting tensile force for steel 0.87*fy*Ast Tu = 11958 kN

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_stem_L [9]

 Lever arm = def - β2*Xu Zu = 818 mm
Limiting ultimate moment (for concrete), Fc*Zu Mu_lim (conc) = 50600 kNm
Limiting ultimate moment (for steel) =Tu*Zu Mu_lim (st) = 9783 kNm
Design ULS moment Mu = 9416 kNm
ok
Actual Neutral Axis=(d/2β2) - sqrt[(d/2β2)² - M/(β1β2*bw*fcd)] X_actual = 97 mm
Z_actual = 1060 mm

Ultimate shear IRC:112-2019, 10.3.2 (2)

V_RDc = [0.12*K(80*ρ1*fck)^0.33 +0.15σcp]*bw*def

should not be less than [(0.031*(K^1.5) * sqrt(fck)) + 0.15σcp]*bw*def

K = 1+sqrt(200/d) <= 2.0 K= 1.43

Percentage of tension steel, ρ1 (< 0.02) 0.003
Stress due to axial load (minimum 0.2*fcd) σcp = 0.63 N/mm²
Design shear resistance V_RDc = 3906 kN
Should not be less than 3553 Section adequate
Design ultimate shear force = 2645 kN Shear reinforcement not required

Check for requirement of ductile detailing at location of plastic hinge

Seismic design is Design Based Earthquake (DBE) for 100 years design life. (IRC:SP:114-2018. 7.2.1)

Location of plastic hinge Base of the abutment stem

Design moment of resistance for ULS = M_rd = 9783 kNm

Design moment from ULS seismic combination M_ed = 9416 kNm
No additional detailing required.

Normalized axial force, n_k = N_ed/(Ac*fck) = 0.06 <0.08 Normal overstrength

Overstrength factor 1.35
Overstrength moment at the base = Mo = 13208 kNm
Curtailment level (from the stem base) 0.00 m. No curtailment
Ultimate axial force at curtailment level N/A
Design moment of resistance at curtailment level = N/A

Check for overstrength shear Vc = Mo/H 1670 kN

Section designed for ultimate shear force 2645 kN
No additional detailing required

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_stem_L [10]

 Check for crack width (IRC:112-2019, 12.3.4)

Design bending moment (QPC) 3998 kNm

Design concrete stress fcd_qpc = 10.80 N/mm²
Neutral axis for the SLS moment (β1 and β2 from above calculation) 50 mm
Lever arm with respect the SLS neutral axis Z= 1080 mm
Area of tensile steel Ast = 27489 mm²
Stress in steel σsc = 134.7 N/mm²
Factor for load duration, k1 0.5
For effective reinforcement area, hc_eff = minimum of

Effective thickness of tension zone hc_eff = 249 mm

Effective area of tensile zone Ac_eff = 2089500 mm²
Effective ratio of steel = Ast/Ac_eff ρ_eff = 0.0132
Ratio of modulus of elasticity α_e = 6.41
fct_eff = Mean design tensile strength fctm (cl. 12.3.3) 2.50 N/mm²
From equation 12.6 and 12.8

εsm - εcm
Larger of 0.00040 and 0.00016
Hence εsm - εcm = 0.00040

Cover, c= 75 mm k1 = 0.8 k2 = 0.5

Effective Diameter of bars 25 mm
Sr_max = 578.1 Hence crack width = 0.23 mm
ok

Curtailment

Re-bars curtailed? No Height of curtailment from stem base 0m

Method of curtailment: None New bar dia 0 mm

Design of Ballast Wall

Height of Ballast wall H= 2.585 m

Total length of ballast wall L= 8.40 m
Total thickness of ballast wall = 0.5 m
Total Static earth pressure = 0.5* Ka * γ * H1² * L = 137.23 kN
It's point of application will be at H*0.42, hence lever arm = 1.09 m
Hence moment due to Backfill pressure = 148.99 kN.m

Live load surcharge Surcharge height 1.20 m

Surcharge pressure 5.87 kN/m²
Total surchage force 127.41 kN
Surcharge moment 164.67 kN.m

Maximum axle load including impact (70 bogie+class A) 393.8 kN

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_stem_L [11]

 Seismic force Total weight including return walls 408.24 kN
Horizontal seismic coefficient 0.141 Taking reduction factor=1
Vertical seismic coefficient 0.094
Horizontal seismic force 57.6 kN
Horizontal seismic moment 74.4 kN.m

Dynamic increment in soil pressure

Ø θ β δ i
0.61 0.15 0.00 0.39 0.0 K_ae = 0.35

Total horizontal force due to seismic earth pressure = 0.5*K_ae* γ * H² * L = 194.5 kN

Dynamic increment in soil pressure = 194.5 - 137.2 57.3 kN
Moment due to seismic increment effect in soil pressure 74.1 kN.m

Live load and live load surcharge ignored along bridge axis

Ultimate factored loads

load factor Horizontal force Moment
Forces in basic combination
Dead loads 1.35 0.00 0.00
Live load 1.5 0.00 0.00
Soil pressure 1.5 205.8 223.5
Live load surcharge 1.2 152.9 197.6
358.7 kN 421.1 kNm

load factor Horizontal force Moment

Forces in seismic combination
Dead loads 1.35 0.00 0.00
Live load 0 0.00 0.00
Soil pressure 1 137.2 149.0
Live load surcharge 0.2 25.5 32.9
Seismic force 1.5 172.3 222.7
335.0 kN 404.6 kNm

Area of section 4.20 m² Axial load including seismic increment 430.75623 kN

0.1*fcd*Ac 5628 kN
Can be designed as cantilever

Clear Cover = 70 mm
Main tensile bars 16 mm @ 150 c/c. 56 nos. Area = 11259
Compression bars 16 mm @ 150 c/c. 56 nos. Area = 11259
Distribution bars 10 mm @ 200 c/c. 14 nos. Area = 1100

Effective depth d_eff 412 mm

Minimum required area of tensile reinforcement

0.0012*Ac = 5040 mm² (0.26*f_ctm/fy)*b*d_eff = 4500 mm² ok
Minimum required area of compression reinfocement 5040 mm² ok
Total maximum and minimum required area of reinforcement
Min 10080 Max 168000 mm² ok
Transverse reinforcement (required area per meter height)

0.001Ac = 500 per m. height 0.25*Total Ast = 670 mm² per m. length
Provided total at both sides 2199 mm² 851 mm² per m. height
ok

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_stem_L [12]

 Check for ultimate moment resistance

β1 β2 εcu εsu
0.8095 0.4160 0.0035 0.0022

Limiting neutral axis Xu = 254 mm

Limiting compression force = β1*B*fcd*Xu Fcu = 23153 kN
Limiting tensile force for steel 0.87*fy*Ast Tu = 4898 kN
Lever arm = def - β2*Xu Zu = 306 mm
Limiting ultimate moment (for concrete), Fc*Zu Mu_lim (conc) = 7092 kNm
Limiting ultimate moment (for steel) =Tu*Zu Mu_lim (st) = 1500 kNm
Design ULS moment Mu = 421.1 kNm
ok

Check for ultimate shear

K= 1.69673 ρ1 = 0.00325 σcp = 0.00 (For critical condition)

Design shear resistance V_RDc = 1388 kN

Should not be less than 1299 kN Section adequate
Design ultimate shear force = 358.7 kN No shear rienforcement required

Crack control

Design bending moment for QPC Load factor Unfactored moment Factored moment
From soil pressure 1.00 149.0 149 kNm
Live load surcharge 0.00 164.7 0 kNm
149 kNm
Design concrete stress fcd_qpc = 10.80 N/mm²
Neutral axis for the SLS moment (β1 and β2 from above calculation) 1.84 mm
Lever arm with respect the SLS neutral axis 411 mm
Area of tensile steel 11259 mm²
Stress in steel 32.2 N/mm²
Maximum bar spacing for crack control (IRC:112-2019. Table 12.3) 300 mm
Provided spacing 150 mm ok

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_stem_L [13]

 Summary of the design (reinfrocement).

Height of the curtailment from the top of the footing 0.00

Development lengths for the lapped bars (if provided) Heel side (tension) 0.00 m
Toe side (compression) 0.00 m

Abutment stem Diameter Total nos. Approximate

of bars Spacing (mm
(mm) c/c)
Back face of the stem 25 56 150 AB2
Front face of the stem 20 56 150 AB1
Distribution (horizontal) bars (on each face) 12 33 150 AB3

Above the curtailment No curtailment.

Back face of the stem 25 56 150 AB2a

Front face of the stem 20 56 150 AB1a
Distribution (horizontal) bars (on each face) 12 33 150 AB3
Clear cover = 75 mm

Ballast wall
Back face 16 56 150
Front face 16 56 150
Distribution (horizontal) bars (on each face) 10 14 200
Clear cover = 70 mm

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_stem_L [14]

 Bar schedule
Dia Nos Length Unit wt. Weight (kg)
300
AB1 20 56 7.504 2.47 1036.3
150 6704
mm c/c approx 90 deg
500

0
AB1a 0 0 0.000 0.00 0.0
0 0
mm c/c approx

500

AB2 6704 25 56 7.704 3.85 1662.7

150
mm c/c 500

AB2a
0 0 0 0 0.000 0.00 0.0
mm c/c

at sideface
AB2b
300 6700 16 8 7.2 1.58 91.0
mm c/c (2 x 4)
500

8238

AB3 Average 1200 12 33 18.88 0.89 553.1

150
mm c/c 8238

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_stem_L [15]

 1535
AB4
150 2x100 515 16 57 4.30 1.58 387.0
mm c/c

AB5 8250 12 28 8.25 0.89 205.1

150
mm c/c

360

AB7 3185 16 56 3.845 1.58 340.0

150
mm c/c 300

360

AB8 3115
150 16 56 5.837 1.58 516.1
mm c/c 2062

300

AB8a 8250 10 12 8.25 0.62 61.0

200
mm c/c

8250
AB9
335 10 14 17.170 0.62 148.1

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_stem_L [16]

 110 610
AB10 300 16 38 1.975 1.58 118.5
200 755
mm c/c 200

AB11 610
12 76 1.010 0.89 68.2
200 200

AB11a 305 Average 12 76 0.705 0.89 47.6

200 200

AB12 8260 20 1 8.260 2.47 20.4

AB13 8260 16 2 8.260 1.58 26.1

AB14 400 20 28 0.900 2.47 62.1

500

5343.2
5.343
MT

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_stem_L [17]

 A

Ø 16 @ 150 c/c AB7

Ø 10 @ 200 c/c AB9

See details of pedestal

Ø 16 @ 150 c/c AB8 Ø 12 @ 150 c/c AB5

Ø 16 @ 150 c/c AB4

AB1 continued
Ø 10 @ 200 c/c AB8a

AB2 continued
M 30 Ø 12 @ 150 c/c AB3

Ø 16 @ 300 c/c AB2b

Ø 25 @ 150 c/c AB2

_ Ø 20 @ 150 c/c AB1 _

Pile cap M30

1.20

8.00

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_stem_L [18]

 Back Face (Heel Side) Front Face (Toe Side)

Ø 10 @ 200 c/c AB9 Ø 10 @ 200 c/c AB9

Ø 16 @ 150 c/c AB8 Ø 16 @ 150 c/c AB7

Ø 10 @ 200 c/c AB8a

Ø 16 @ 150 c/c AB8

Ø 12 @ 150 c/c AB3 Ø 12 @ 150 c/c AB3

AB1 continued
AB2 continued
Lap 0 Lap 0
Bars NOT curtailed
Ø 25 @ 150 c/c AB2 Ø 20 @ 150 c/c AB1

M30

M30

8.40

11.00

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_stem_L [19]

 28 nos Ø20 AB14, exposed part covered by non shrink grout
and encased by Ø30 HDPE pipes before casting the
approach slab
250 500

Ø 20 AB12
AB8

2 nos Ø12, AB11

250

250 2 nos Ø12, AB11a

AB7

Ø 16 AB13

Ø 16 @ 200 c/c AB10

Detail at A

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_stem_L [20]

Design of Wing wall / Return wall (Left / Right) Bamdi Harpan Khola bridge

Width of the wingwall, W = 0.4 m 2.50

Effective Cover = 88 mm
Concrete grade fck = 30 N/mm²

1.50
Design for vertical load
Area CG, m Weight, kN
3.750 1.250 37.500
2.106 0.833 21.063 1.685
5.856 58.563
Resultant CG = 1.100 m

Dead load moment at the face of abutment= 64.4 kN.m

Load factor 1.35 Factored moment = 87.0 kN.m
Accidental live load on the edge of the wingwall =
114 kN
Hence live load moment including impact = 456.0 kN.m
Load factor 1.5 Factored moment = 684 kN.m

Total design moment at the face of abutment 771.0 kN.m

Let the diameter of main bars be 20 mm

Hence effective depth = d= 3087 mm
Mu_limit = 0.133*fck*b*d² (for Fe 500) Mu_lim = 15209 kNm ok
Taking x/d for Fe500 = 0.46 X= 1420 mm
Lever arm, d(1-0.416*(x/d)) Z= 2491 mm
Area of steel required = M/0.87*fy*Z Ast = 712 mm²
Provide
3 nos of dia 20 bars ok
Then provided area = 942.5 mm² ok (R1)

Design for earth pressure γ, kN/m³ Ka

20 0.244
Total depth of the wingwall = 3.19 m
Equivalent live load surcharge = 1.2 m
Total H = 4.39 m
Total force by static earth pressure = 0.5* Ka* γ * H² * L = 117.52 kN
Moment by earth pressure including live load surcharge = 123.40 kN.m
Load factor = 1.5 Hence, Factored moment 185.1 kN.m

Thickness of the wingwall = 400 mm

Clear cover 88 mm
Lets use the diameter of rebars 16 mm
Effective depth (thickness) available = d= 304 mm
Depth at the joint b= 3185 mm
Mu_limit = 0.133*fck*b*d² (for Fe 500) Mu_lim = 1174 kNm ok
Taking x/d for Fe500 = 0.46 X= 140 mm

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / wingwall_L 1

Lever arm, d(1-0.416*(x/d)) Z= 245 mm
Area of steel required = M/0.87*fy*Z Ast = 1735 mm²/m
Provide
16 mm dia bars @ 200 mm c/c 17 nos total
Then provided area = 3418 mm² ok (R3)

Dia Nos Length Unit wt. Wt. kg

R1 2912
400 20 6 4.512 2.466 66.76
1200

300
R2
1412 16 6 4.727 1.579 44.78

3015

2824
R3 2x150 224 16 16 6.396 1.579 161.59

Average 1350
R4 2x150 224 16 18 3.448 1.579 98.00

R5 Average 2343 10 22 5.37 0.616 72.76

192

R6 312 20 2 0.312 2.466 1.54

R7 2900 10 8 2.900 0.616 14.29

R8 235 10 26 1.27 0.616 20.34

350

Total in 2 wingwalls in one abutment 480.06

in MT 0.480

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / wingwall_L 2

 1 Nos. Ø 20 R6
Ø 20 mm 3 nos, R1
If raised footpaths provided
Raised block for footpath
See details
__
AB8

Ø 10 @ 250 c/c R5
AB7

Ø 16 mm 3 nos, R2

Ø 16 @ 200 c/c R3, R4

(Tied up with bar AB7)

Reinforcement details of wingwalls

2 Raised footpath provided both sides

Railing posts

1.0

0.8
Ø 10 bars at corners 0.2
and stirrups @250 c/c Additional bars at approach slab
R7, R8 Longitudinal Ø10 @ 150
Stirrups Ø10 @ 200
Raised block over
the return wall
Top surface of return Approach slab
wall to be roughened
before casting the block
Thickness 275 Vertical bars of railing posts to be embedded
in the return wall

Return wall

Details of footpath over the approach slab with raised blocks

(In case of footpath is provided)

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / wingwall_L 3

 Design of abutment piles Bamdi Harpan Khola bridge

Average Ground level near abutment 771.00 m

1.49
HFL 773.33 m

4.804 769.51 m
1.60 m (cap thickness)

0.981 -0.62
Maximum scour 768.529 m

18.619 4.89 19.6

Level of fixity 763.63 m

13.725

Founding level 749.91 m

Dimeter of the pile dia = 1.00 m

Number of piles along the bridge axis 3
Number of piles across the bridge axis 4 ok
Offset of pilecap from the outer surface of the outermost pile = 0.5 m
Total number of piles n= 12 nos
Center to center distance of the piles:
Along the bridge axis (Xi) 3.00 m c/c ok
Across the bridge axis (Yi) 3.00 m c/c ok
[Center to center distance between piles restricted by IRC:78, 709.1.5.1]

11
Bridge axis
4 nos, Ø 1 m @ 3 m c/c

3 nos, Ø1 m @3 m c/c

8m

Length of pilecap along the bridge axis Lcap = 8m

Width of pilecap across the bridge axis Wcap = 11 m ok

Let the thickness of pile cap be Th_pc = 1.6 m

Thickness of pile cap restricted by IRC:78, 709.5.1] ok

Depth of fixity from maximum scour level 4.89 m

Embedded length of pile = D_emb= 18.62 m

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_piles_L 25

 Width of pile group (outer surfaces of the piles) along the bridge axis, B = 7.00 m
Length of pile group (outer surfaces of the piles) across the bridge axis, L = 10.00 m
Area enclosed by the perimeter of the pilegroup as above, Ag = 70.00 m²

Additional forces from soil mass and LL surcharge Load Lever arm Moment
Vertical load at back of the wall due to soil mass 5915.2 2.3 13604.9
Vertical load due to live load surcharge 685.4 2.3 1576.5

Summary of unfactored loads above the pile cap

Load combinations IRC:78-2014
Vertical Hor. Hor. Moment Moment Comb-I Comb - II Comb -
Particulars along axis across along across III
axis axis axis
Superstructure DL (G) 2340.0 0.0 0.0 46.8 0.0 1 1 1
Surface load (G) 152.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 1 1 1
Live load (Q) 1084.0 0.0 0.0 21.7 379.4 1 1 0
Abutment (G) 1917.6 0.0 0.0 -646.6 0.0 1 1 1
Soil mass (Fep) 5915.2 1284.3 0.0 -7285 0.0 1 1 1
Buyoncy (Gb) -57.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1
Live load surcharge (Q) 685.4 375.0 0.0 450 0.0 1 1 0
Tractive/Braking force (Fb) 0.0 108.8 0.0 1165.0 0.0 1 1 0
Friction due to temperature (Ff) 0.0 117.0 0.0 844.8 0.0 1 1 1
Seismic forces (Feq) 147.8 508.7 219.4 2637.3 1272.6 0 1 1
Total 12184.3 2393.7 219.4 -2763 1652.0
(The load factors for base pressure or axial load on piles taken as per IRC:6-2017, Table B4, Note 8)
(Note: moment from soil mass and live load surcharge are added from this sheet)
Moments from horizontal forces acting on the stem are based on lever arm from the bottom of pile cap

Additional loads/forces from the pile cap

Unit weight of concrete 25 kN/m³

Dead load of the pile cap 3520.0 kN

Additional seismic forces from pile cap

Seismic coefficient for piles (considering scour condition) along axis across axis
Horizontal 0.047 0.046
Verticle 0.031 0.031
Seismic forces Horizontal 165.41 163.67
Vertical 110.27

Buyoncy
Volume of pilecap 140.80 m³
Volume of piles (ignored, since deadload is not considered)
Total upward force due to buyoncy -1408.0 kN

Load combinaions at the bottom of pile cap (for pile axial capacity)
IRC:78-2014. 706.1.1

Forces Vertical Horizontal Horizont Moment Moment

load load along al load along the across
the axis across axis (Mxx) the axis
(xx) the axis (Myy)
(yy)
Combination I 14148 1885 0 -5400.1 379
Combination II 14407 2559 383 -2762.8 1652
Combination III 12637 2075 383 -4399.3 1273

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_piles_L 26

 Maximum load on individual piles (for pile axial capacity)
The moments of inertia of the piles ΣXi²= 72.00 m²
denoted in terms of sum of squares of the distance ΣYi²= 135.00 m²
Maximum load will be obviously on the outermost piles
X max = 3m
Y max = 4.5 m

V max = [V/n] + (Mxx*Xmax)/Σ Xi² + (Myy*Ymax)/Σ Yi²

V min = [V/n] - (Mxx*Xmax)/Σ Xi² - (Myy*Ymax)/Σ Yi²

For different combinations V1 V2

Combination I (Non seismic) 966.68 1391.39
Combination II (Seismic) 1140.50 1260.6
Combination III (Seismic) 912.21 1193.98

Max Min
Critical values 1391.39 966.68 kN (non seismic)
1260.60 912.21 kN (seismic)

Length of pile selected as per geotechincal report 18 m

Total depth of pile including the pile cap 19.6 m
Actual founding depth from the existing ground level = 21.1 m
The useful length of the pile (considering pilecap and scour) = 18.00 m

The capacity of a single pile at this depth (from Geo-tech report) 1424.0 kN
(including self weight of pile) > Vmax, ok
Capacity of a single Pile for seismic case (increase 25%) 1780.0 kN
> Vmax, ok
Total Ultimate bearing capacity of the group, n*Qult = 17088.0 kN

The calculated pile capacity is based on low settlement criteria. It is recommended to

conduct pile load test before construction of working pile, and revise the design if
necessary. In adverse case, settlement up to 60mm can be adopted for analysis.

Ultimate bearing capacity of the pile group as a single unit

Group efficiency (from geotechnical report) 100 % = 1.00
(The individual capacity based 100% group efficiency)

Hence safe bearing capacity of pile group = Qg(al) = 17088 kN

Which is > the vertical load, i.e. 14407 kN

ok

Adopted design: Number of piles 12

Pile depth 19.6 m including pilecap
Pile diameter 1.00 m
Size of pile cap L= 8 m along the bridge axis
B= 11 m across the bridge axis
h= 1.6 m

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_piles_L 27

 Structural Design of Piles

Depth of fixity of piles (IS:2911, Part-1, Sec.-2, Appendix - C)

Let the concrete grade M 35 N/mm²

Steel grade Fe 500 N/mm²

Diameter of pile 1.00 m Moment of inertia, I = 0.04909 m^4 E= 32000000

Exposed length of pile (scour depth) e = L1 = 0.00 m
Embedded length of pile L= 18.00 m

For cohesive soil Unconfined compressive strength, qu = 45 kN/m² Soft clay

k1 (from C.2.1 Table 4) = 8100 kN/m³ K= 1620
Stiffness factor R = 0.59 2R = 1.18 3.5R = 2.06 Long pile

For Non-cohesive soil Type of soil Dense sand, submerged (or equivalent)
Avergae SPT value 50
Modulus of horizontal subgrade reaction (C-2.1 Table 3), nh = 11562.5 kN/m³
Stiffness factor T = 2.67 2T = 5.34 4T = 10.68 Long pile

Type of soil (considering upper layers) Non-cohesive T= 2.67

Long pile L1/T = 0.00 m
Hence Lf/T = 2.20 m
Zf = Lf = 5.88 m
Total equivalent length of fixity including scour depth (e+Zf) = 5.88 m
(Virtual depth of fixity)
Moment reduction factor (IS:2911-1-2. C-4.3) m= 0.820

Forces on pile for different combinations XX = forces along axis. YY = forces across axis

Seismic design of piles

No plastic hinge in the piles considered.

Horizontal force and moments from the stem are transferred to thepiles/pile cap only until formation
of hinge in the stem. Hence the horizontal and vertical seismic coefficients are taken with reduction
factor 3 and 1 respectively.

Seismic coefficients for scour condition Along bridge axis Across bridge axis
Above the pile cap αh = 0.0470 0.0465
αv = 0.0940 0.0940

Pile cap & below αh = 0.141 0.139

αv = 0.094 0.094

Unfactored seismic forces above the pile cap (from abutment stem design)
Vertical H-XX H-YY M-XX M-YY
147.8 508.7 219.4 2637.3 1272.6

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_piles_L 28

 Unfactored Total forces above the pile cap
Vertical H-XX H-YY M-XX M-YY
Superstructure DL 2340.0 0.0 0.0 46.8 0.0
Surface load 152.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0
Live load 1084.0 0.0 0.0 21.7 379.4
Abutment 1917.6 0.0 0.0 -646.6 0.0
Soil mass 5915.2 1284.3 0.0 -7284.7 0.0
Buyoncy -57.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Live load surcharge 685.4 375.0 0.0 449.8 0.0
Tractive/Braking force 0.0 108.8 0.0 1165.0 0.0
Temperature 0.0 117.0 0.0 844.8 0.0

Seismic forces 443.5 508.7 219.4 2637.3 1272.6

Additional from pile cap

Dead load 3520.0 0 0
Buyoncy for pile cap -1408.0 0 0

Seismic from pile cap 330.8 496.2 491.0 0 0

Summary of loads on pile, for structural design (unresolved)

Vertical H-XX H-YY M-XX M-YY
Dead loads 7777.6 0.0 0.0 -599.8 0.0
Surface loads 152.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0
Live loads 1084.0 0.0 0.0 21.7 379.4
Soil pressure 5915.2 1284.3 0.0 -7284.7 0.0
Buyoncy -1465.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Live load surcharge 685.4 375.0 0.0 449.8 0.0
Braking/Tractive force 0.0 108.8 0.0 1165.0 0.0
Temperature 0.0 117.0 0.0 844.8 0.0
Seismic forces 774.3 1005.0 710.4 2637.3 1272.6

Load factors for different limit states for structural design and serviceability
Ultimate limit state Serviceability limit state
Basic Seismic Rare Quasi-permanent
Dead loads 1.35 1.35 1.00 1.00
Surface loads 1.75 1.75 1.20 1.20
Live loads 1.50 0.20 1.00 0.00
Back fill/Earth pressure 1.50 1.00 1.00 1.00
Buyoncy 0.15 1.00 0.15 0.15
Live load surcharge 1.20 0.20 0.80 0.00
Braking/Tractive force 1.50 0.20 1.00 0.00
Temperature 0.90 0.50 0.60 0.50
Seismic forces 0.00 1.50 0.00 0.00

Summary of loads according to different load combinations

Ultimate limit state Vertical M-XX M-YY

Basic combination 21867 -8651 569
Seismic combination 16731 -3383 1985

Serviceability limit state

Rare combination 15288 -5827 379
Quasi-permanent combination 13655 -7458 0

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_piles_L 29

 Critical axial loads on individual pile

Taking Σ X i ², Σ Y i ², X max , Y max and number of piles from previous calculations

Critical Factored axial force (N) for: N1 N2 Maximum

ULS Basic combination 1480.8 2163.8 2163.8 kN
ULS Seismic combination 1319.4 1469.0 1469.0 kN
SLS Rare combination 1043.8 1043.8 1043.8 kN
SLS Quasi permanent combination 827.2 827.2 827.2 kN

Critical horizontal force on individual pile

Resultant non seismic horizontal forces

H-XX H-YY Resultant (factored)
ULS Basic combination 220 0 220 kN
ULS Seismic combination 120 0 120 kN
SLS Rare combination 147 0 147 kN
SLS Quasi permanent combination 112 0 112 kN

Seismic horizontal forces are resolved as:

(IRC:6-2017. 219.4) r1+0.3r2 0.3r1+r2

Contribution of orthogonal horizontal seismic forces above the pile cap

Combination 1 508.7 65.8 Resultant 513.0
Combination 2 152.6 219.4 Resultant 267.3
Taking the larger among the two, the resultant horizontal seismic force = 513.0 kN

Contribution of orthogonal horizontal seismic forces from the pile cap

Combination 1 496.2 147.3 Resultant 517.6
Combination 2 148.9 491.0 Resultant 513.1
Taking the larger among the two, the resultant horizontal seismic force = 517.6 kN

Resultant Seismic horizontal forces: Maximum (factored)

ULS Basic combination 0 kN
ULS Seismic combination 128.8 kN
SLS Rare combination 0 kN
SLS Quasi permanent combination 0 kN

Total Horizontal force and moment on individual pile

Moment reduction coeffieicne (from above calcs) m= 0.820

H (resultant) M (resultant)
ULS Basic combination 220 kN 530.9
ULS Seismic combination 249 kN 599.3
SLS Rare combination 147 kN 353.9
SLS Quasi permanent combination 112 kN 269.5

ULS design of pile

Concrete grade fck 35 N/mm²
Reinforcement grade Fe 500 N/mm²
Design concrete stress fcd_uls 15.6 N/mm²
Design flexural tensile strength of concrete fctd 1.94 N/mm²
Design tensile stress of steel fyd_uls 434.8 N/mm²
Modulus of elasticity of concrete Ecm = 32308 N/mm²
Modulus of elasticity of steel rebars Es = 200000 N/mm²

Total diameter of pile 1000 mm

Let the diameter of main vertical bars 16 mm

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_piles_L 30

 Let the diameter of transverse bars (at critical section) 10 mm
Total number of bars 18 nos
Clear cover to rebars 75 mm
Total area of main vertical bars 3619 mm² 0.46%
(Minimum 0.4%, Maximum 2.5%, IRC:78-2014, 709.4.4) ok
Spacing of main bars Approximately 142 mm c/c
_

Verification with interaction diagram For ultimate axial force, N_ed = 2163.8 kN
Design moment resistance (M_rd) = 1230.1 kN.m
Ultimate design moment (M_ed) = 599.3 kN.m
30000 ok

25000
Xu/D = 0.330
Xu = 330 mm
20000
Axial Load in KN, Nu

Compression zone area =

15000 226286 mm²
Tensile zone area =
10000 559112 mm²

5000 Effective area of tensile reinforcement

Ast_eff = 2576 mm²
0
-500 0 500
Moment in KN, 1000
Mu 1500 2000

Check for Ultimate shear

To find the effective depth and effective shear area

Overall diameter of pile D= 1000 mm
Total area of longitudinal reinforcement A1 = 3619 mm²
Ratio of longitudinal reinforcement to gross sectional area ρg = 0.0046
Clear cover c= 75 mm
Thickness of equivalent steel plate for the reinforcement area a= 1.4 mm
a= -D/2 +c + 0.5*sqrt((D-c)² + rg*D²)
Neutral axis depth for the ultimate moment (from PM interaction equations), x = 330 mm
Constant α = arccos[(D/2 -x)/(D/2 -c)] α= 0.399 rad
Let r1 = D/2 - c - a and r2 = D/2 - c r1 = 424 mm
r2 = 425 mm
Now effective depth d= 560 mm

For effective area Cos β = 2d / D-1 Hence, β= 1.121 rad

Effective segmental shear area = Ag - D²[2β - sin(2β)]/8 A_eff = 602847 mm²

Effective area of tensile reinforcement Ast_eff = 2576 mm²

From IRC:112-2019, 10.3.2 (2)

K = 1+sqrt(200/d) <= 2.0 K= 1.60

Ratio of tensile steel to effective area, ρ1 (< 0.02) ρ1 = 0.004

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_piles_L 31

 Stress due to axial load (not more than 0.2*fcd) σcp = 2.44 N/mm²
Design shear resistance (without additional reinforcement) V_RDc = 483 kN
Should not be less than 444 kN Section ok
Design ultimate shear force = V_ed = 249 kN
No additional shear reinforcement required

Coefficient for center of compressive block β2 = 0.416

Lever arm z = deff- β2*x z= 423 mm
Strength reduction factor (assuming the section is cracked) ν= 0.532
Design strength of steel fyd = 434.8 N/mm²
For σcp = 2.44 N/mm²
Coefficient for stress in compression αcw = 1.07
Maximum allowable shear stress with normal shear reinforcement = αcw*ν*fcd/(cotθ+tanθ)
Limiting Shear stress for θ = 45 deg 4.45 N/mm²
Actual ultimate shear stress = 0.413 N/mm²
Check for adequacy of the section ok
Angle for ultimate shear stress θ (actual) 2.66 deg
Limiting Shear stress for θ = 21.8 deg 3.07 N/mm²
Governing shear stress for design 3.07 N/mm²

Provide spiral reinforcement with Ø 10 mm @ 150 mm c/c 2 legs

Area per leg Asw = 157 mm²
Maximum allowable spacing (eq. 10.8) S= 290 mm
ok
Provide the design spiral reinforcement down to 8.00 m from the bottom of pile cap
Provide nominal reinforcement below the critical length Ø 10 200 mm c/c
Privide reinforcement inside the pile cap Ø 10 200 mm c/c

Limit State of Serviceability

Coefficient for compressive force block (rectangle/parabolic) β1 = 0.80952

Coefficient for center of compressive block β2 = 0.41597
Effective depth (from above calculations) d_eff = 560 mm
Total depth of equivalent rectangular section D_eq = 653 mm
Equivalent width for an effective area = bw_eq = 1202 mm
Effective area of tension steel Ast_eff = 2576 mm²

Check for stresses

(Rare combination)
Design stress of concrete for rare combination fcd_rare = 16.8 N/mm²
Design stress in reinforcement fyd = 400 N/mm²
Axial force for rare combination N= 1043.8 kN
Bending moment for rare combination M= 353.9 kNm
Neutral axis for corresponding moment X= 40 mm
Z= 544 mm
Compressive stress in steel due to axial force σcs = 288 N/mm²
Hence resultant tensile stress in steel σst = 0.0 N/mm²
ok

(Quasi Permanent combination)

Design stress of concrete for Q-P combination fcd_QPC = 12.6 N/mm²
Design stress in reinforcement fyd = 400 N/mm²
Axial force for QP combination N= 827.2 kN
Bending moment for rare combination M= 269.5 kNm
Neutral axis for corresponding moment X= 40 mm
Z= 543 mm

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_piles_L 32

 Compressive stress in steel due to axial force σcs = 229 N/mm²
Hence resultant tensile stress in steel σst = 0.0 N/mm²
ok

Crack width

Design bending moment (QPC) M_QPC = 269.5 kN.m

Design concrete stress fcd_qpc = 12.6 N/mm²
Neutral axis for the SLS moment (β1 and β2 from above calculation) 40 mm
Lever arm with respect the SLS neutral axis Z= 543 mm
Equivalent Effective Area of tensile steel Ast_eff = 2576 mm²

Factor for load duration, k1 0.5

Effective area of tensile zone is based on equivalent rectangle as derived above
For effective reinforcement area, hc_eff = minimum of
Total depth of equivalent rectangle 653 mm

Effective depth from above d_eff = 560 mm

Constants for bond properties and strain distribution K1 = 0.8 K2 = 0.5
Ratio of modulus of elasticity α_e = 6.19
Stress in steel σsc = 0.0 N/mm²
Effective thickness ofequivalent tension zone hc_eff = 204 mm
Effective area of equivalent tensile zone Ac_eff = 245587.5 mm²
Mean value of tensile strength of concrete fct_eff = 1.94 N/mm²
Effective ratio of steel = Ast/Ac_eff ρ_eff = 0.01049

εsm - εcm= -7.9E-04 < 0.6*σsc/Es 0.00E+00

Hence 0
Clear cover c= 75 mm
Diameter of reinforcing bars Ø= 16 mm
Check spacing of reinforcement, 5*(c+Ø/2) = 415 mm
Equivalent approximate number of bars within equivalent width 13 nos
Equivalent effective spacing of bars 100 mm
Hence Sr_max= 3.4+0.17*dia/rp_eff = 514 mm
Hence, Crack width, Wk = Sr_max*(εsm - εcm) = 0.00 mm
< 0.3 mm, ok

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_piles_L 33

 Design of Pile cap

Total length of pile cap along the bridge axis = 8m

Total breadth of pile cap across the bridge axis = 11 m
Number of piles and spacing
Along the bridge axis 3 nos @ 3.00 m c/c
Across the bridge axis 4 nos @ 3.00 m c/c
Diamater of piles 1m

Offset to the CL of outermost pile from the edge of pilecap 1m

1.20

3.40 3.40

1.6

3.00
1.0
Total number of piles along the length 3

For FE analysis
Thikness of pilecap 1.6 m
Total distance between c/c of extreme piles 6 m
Overhang from the external piles 1.0 m
C/C distance of the piles 3.00 m

Taking one meter strip of the pile cap

Unfactored loads Loaded length
Vertical loads From To Moment
Dead loads from superstructure+stem 387.1 kN 3.40 4.60 -54.5
UDL of pile cap 40.00 kN/m 0 8 0
Surface loads from stem 13.8 kN 3.40 4.60 0.3
Live loads from stem 98.5 kN 3.40 4.60 2.0
Soil pressure UDL at back of stem 158.2 kN/m 0 3.40 -662.2
Buyoncy (as upward UDL) -16.7 kN/m 0 8 0
Live load surcharge (UDL at back of stem) 18.3 kN/m 0.00 3.40 40.9
Braking/Tractive force 0.0 105.9
Temperature 0.0 76.8
Seismic forces from stem 40.3 kN 3.40 4.60 239.8
Seismic forces from pile cap 3.76 kN/m 0 8 0

ULS SLS
Load factors Basic Seismic Rare Quasi-permanent
Dead loads from superstructure+stem 1.35 1.35 1 1
UDL of pile cap 1.35 1.35 1 1
Surface loads from stem 1.75 1.75 1.2 1.2
Live loads from stem 1.5 0.2 1 0
Soil pressure UDL at back of stem 1.5 1 1 1
Buyoncy (as upward UDL) 0.15 1 0.15 0.15
Live load surcharge (UDL at back of stem) 1.2 0.2 0.8 0
Braking/Tractive force 1.5 0.2 1 0

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_piles_L 34

 Temperature 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.5
Seismic forces from stem 0 1.5 0 0
Seismic forces from pile cap 0 1.5 0 0

The pile cap is analyzed with FE model with the above values and load factors

Factored moments and shear forces ULS SLS

Basic Seismic Rare Q,P,
Critical moment 421 204 283 322 kNm
Critical shear 562 351 380 368 kN

Material properties
Grade of concrete fck = 30 N/mm²
Grade of reinforcing steel fy = 500 N/mm²
Concrete Mean strength fcm = 40 N/mm²
Modulus of elasticity of concrete Ecm = 31187 N/mm²
Modulus of elasticity of steel rebars Es = 200000 N/mm²
Design concrete stress For ULS fcd_uls = 13.40 N/mm²
For Rare comb. fcd_rare = 14.40 N/mm²
For QPC fcd_qpc = 10.80 N/mm²
Design tensile strength of concrete fctm = 2.50 N/mm²
Design tensile stress of concrete in flexure fctd = 1.75 N/mm²
Design tensile stress of steel (for ULS) fyd_uls = 434.8 N/mm²
Design tensile stress of steel (for SLS) fyd = 400.0 N/mm²

Let the main reinforcement be

Ø 25 @ 150 mm c/c 8 nos/meter 3927 mm² 0.25%
Check for minimum area of steel 0.0013*Ac 2080
Ac*0.26*fctm/fyk 2081 ok
Check for maximum area of steel .025*Ac 40000 ok

Provide similar reinforcement top and bottom Total area 7854 mm²
Check for maximum area of steel .04*Ac 64000 ok

Let the diameter and spacing of distrubution bars (top and bottom) 16 mm @ 150 8
Clear cover at all sides Clear cover = 75 mm, all sides
Hence the effective depth d_eff = 1512.5 mm

Area of distribution reinforcement at one face 1608 mm² per meter strip
Minimum area 25% of the main reinforcement of 0.001Ac 982 mm² ok
(IRC:112-2019. 16.3.2)

Check for ultimate bending moment

From IRC:SP-105-2015, Ch.6

Coefficient for compressive force block (rectangle/parabolic) β1 = 0.8095
Coefficient for center of compressive block β2 = 0.4160

Ultimate design stress of concrete fcd = 0.67*fck/γs fcd = 13.40 N/mm²

γm = 1.5 εcu = 0.0035
εsu = 0.87*(fy/Es) εsu = 0.00218
Limiting neutral axis Xu = 933 mm
Limiting compression force = β1*W*fcd*Xu Fcu = 10119 kN for 1m strip
Limiting tensile force for steel 0.87*fy*Ast Tu = 1708 kN for 1m strip
Lever arm = def - β2*Xu Zu = 1124 mm
Limiting ultimate moment (for concrete), Fc*Zu Mu_lim (conc) = 11378 kNm

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_piles_L 35

 Limiting ultimate moment (for steel) =Tu*Zu Mu_lim (st) = 1921 kNm
Design maximum ULS moment Mu = 421 kNm ok

Actual neutral axis for the given moment Actual X 26 mm

(d/2β2) - sqrt[(d/2β2)² - M/(β1β2*bw*fcd)] Actual lever arm, z = 1502 mm

Moment of inertia of section I = 3.41E+11 mm^4

Section modulus Z = 4.27E+08 mm³
Tensile stress at the extreme fibers 0.99 N/mm²
Section Uncracked
Check for ultimate shear
Design shear resistance without shear reinforcement (IRC:112-2019, 10.3.2 (2))

V_RDc = [0.12*K(80*ρ1*fck)^0.33 +0.15σcp]*bw*def

should not be less than [(0.031*(K^1.5) * sqrt(fck)) + 0.15σcp]*bw*def

K = 1+sqrt(200/d) <= 2.0 K= 1.364

Percentage of tension steel, ρ1 (< 0.02) ρ1 =0.0026
Stress in concrete due to axial force σcp = 0
Design shear resistance V_RDc = 453 kN
Should not be less than 409 kN Section ok
Ultimate design shear Vu = 562 kN
Shear reinforcement required

Ignore the following calculations if shear reinforcement is not required

Shear resistance, V_RDs is minimum of
(Asw/S)*Z*fywd* Cotθ and αcw*bw*Z*ν1*(fcd/(cotθ + tanθ) (IRC:112-2019, 10.3.3.2)

Strength reduction factor (1 if section uncracked) ν1 = 1.00

Coefficient for axial compression (1 for no axial force) αcw = 1.00
Lever arm z= 1502 mm
Limiting Shear stress for θ = 45 deg 6.70 N/mm²
Limiting Shear stress for θ = 21.8 deg 4.62 N/mm²
Applied shear stress. v_ED = Vu/(bw*z) = 0.37 N/mm² ok

Actual angle of shear plane, θ = 0.5 Sin^(-1)*[v_ED/0.225*ν1*fck] 1.6 deg.

Hence governing angle of plane for shear design = θ= 21.8 deg.

Provide shear links

Dia 16 mm Asw = 201 mm² Curve L = 251
Nos/m 1 legs/meter fywd = 434.8 N/mm² 80
Hook length
Approx. distance between legs 1000 mm 1370 Radius 40
Provide spacing along the footing S= 500 mm _

Provided shear capacity (Asw/S)*z*fywd* Cotθ = 656 kN/m strip

ok

Check for Ultimate Punching Shear

Corner pile is checked as the most critical pile

Critical loads including from pile cap Basic Seismic

Critical ULS axial force on pile N= 2163.8 1469.0 kN
Critical ULS resultant moment on pile M= 530.9 599.3 kNm

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_piles_L 36

 Punching shear resistance without additional reinforcement

K= 1.36
Ratio of tensile reinforcement (considered both ways) ρ1 = 0.0031
σcp = 0.0 No axial force
Nominal shear stress ν_min = 0.270 N/mm²
Resistance to punching shear ν_Rdc = 0.321 N/mm² ok

Diameter of pile D= 1000 mm 500

Effective depth of pile cap d= 1512.5 mm 500
Offset of the pile cap edge from center of corner pile 1000 mm
Overall diameter of the control perimeter 7050 mm 3025
Angle covering the control perimeter 2.146 radian
Hence length of the control perimeter u1 = 7565 mm 7.56 m
u2 = 5752 mm 5.75 m
For c1/2c2 = 0.5 k= 0.45
Sides of the equivalent square c1=c2 = 886mm
From eq. 10.31 W1 = 2.89E+07
Basic Seismic
e_par = 0.25 0.41
From eq. 10.30 β= 1.315 1.315
Punching shear stress developed = ν_ed = 0.267 0.181
ok ok

Limit State of Serviceability

Check for stresses

(Rare combination)
Design stress of concrete for rare combination fcd_rare = 14.4 N/mm²
Design stress in reinforcement fyd = 400 N/mm²

Bending moment for rare combination M= 283 kNm

Neutral axis for corresponding moment X= 16.1 mm
Z= 1506 mm
Hence stress in steel σst = 47.9 N/mm²
ok
(Quasi Permanent combination)
Design stress of concrete for Q-P combination fcd_QPC = 10.8 N/mm²
Design stress in reinforcement fyd = 400 N/mm²

Bending moment for rare combination M= 322 kNm

Neutral axis for corresponding moment X= 24.5 mm
Z= 1502 mm
Hence stress in steel σst = 54.6 N/mm²
ok
Check for crack width

Constants for bond properties and strain distribution k1 k2

From (IRC:112-2019, 12.3.4.3) 0.8 0.5
Ratio of modulus of elasticity αe = 6.41
Stress in steel (QPC) σsc = 54.6 N/mm²
Effective thickness of concrete in tensile area hc_eff = 218.8 mm
Effective tensile area Ac_eff = 218750 mm²
Mean value of tensile strength of concrete fct_eff = 1.75 N/mm²
Ratio of tensile steel area to the effective tensile area of concrete ρp_eff = 0.018

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_piles_L 37

 εsm - εcm= -0.00016 < 0.6*σsc/Es 0.000164
Hence εsm-εcm= 0.0001637
Clear cover c= 75 mm
Effective Bar diameter, Ø dia = 25 mm
Check spacing of reinforcement, 5*(c+Ø/2) = 437.5 mm c/c max
Provided effective spacing 150 mm c/c ok
Hence Sr_max= 3.4+0.17*dia/rp_eff = 492 mm
Hence, Crack width, Wk=Sr_max*(εsm - εcm)= 0.08 < 0.3 mm, ok

APC4 Ø 16 @ 150 c/c

APC2 Ø 25 @ 150 c/c

APC6 M30 APC5 Ø 16

Ø 16 @ 500 along axis
4 nos @ 1000 across axis
Peripheral
bars @ 300
approximate APC3 Ø 16 @ 150 c/c APC1
Ø 25 @ 150 c/c

Pilecap

AP3 M30 1600

Ø 10 @ 200 c/c
inside pile cap

Groove 75
AP2
Ø 10 @ 150 c/c
for upto 8 m from
the bottom of pile cap 18 nos, Ø 16 (AP1a)
(Critical zone) 0 nos, Ø 0 (AP1b)

18000
AP3 M35
Ø 10 @ 200 c/c
at remaining portion
below critical zone

Ø 1000

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_piles_L 38

 Bar Schedule (Left abutment piles/pilecap)
Dia Nos Length Unit Wt. Weight

APC1 960 7825 960 25 74 9.745 3.854 2779.24

APC2 960 7825 960 25 74 9.745 3.854 2779.24

APC3 960 10834 960 16 54 12.754 1.579 1087.48

10834
APC4 960 960 16 54 12.754 1.579 1087.48

curve length = 251

APC5 1370 curve radius = 40 16 207 2.032 1.579 664.17

hook length = 80

Approximate spacing: 500 c/c along axis 1000 c/c across axis

APC6 10850 16 4 37.4 1.579 236.22

7850
Peripheral reinforcement

Total in pile cap of one abutment8633.82

MT 8.634

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_piles_L 39

 Bar Schedule of piles Dia Nos Length Unit Wt. Weight

200

AP1a 19409 16 18 19.61 1.579 6688

(Full length bars) each pile all piles

0
AP1b
(Curtailed bars) 0 No curtailment 0 0 0.00 0 0
each pile all piles

AP2 10 12 142.97 0.616 1057

Dia= 840 for all piles
Pitch = 150 for critical zone
8m from bottom of pile cap

AP3 10 12 155.98 0.616 1153

Dia= 840 for all piles 20.35+135.64
Pitch = 200 inside pilecap
200 below critical zone

Total in piles in one abutment 8898

MT 8.90

Total in pile cap and piles in one abutment 17.53

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / abut_piles_L 40

Design of Pier Cap (Hammer Head Type)
Bamdi Harpan Khola bridge

Span 35 m
Critical Loads from superstructure

Left span Right span Total

Dead+superimposed load from superstructure 2340 2340 4680
Surface loads from the superstructure 152 152 304
Live (moving) load excluding impact 854 854 1708
Pedestrian load 230 230 460
Number of bearings each span 2 nos
Bottom width of the main girders 0.75 m
Center to center spacing of girders 4 m
Eccentricity of Live loads (across bridge axis) 0.35 m

Load position L3 L2 L1 Center R1 R2 R3

Distance from center 0 0 2 0 -2 0 0

DL eccenricity factor 0.000 0.000 0.500 0.000 0.500 0.000 0

Dead+superimposed 0 0 2340 0 2340 0 0
Surface loads 0 0 152.00 0.00 152.00 0 0

LL eccentricity 0.00 0.00 0.59 0.00 0.41 0.00 0.00

LL excl. impact 0 0 1003 0 705 0 0
Pedestrian load 0 0 270 0 190 0 0
Sum 0 0 3766 0 3386 0 0

Eccentricity of superstructure (across the axis from pier center)

Max distance of CG of loads (at one arm of pier cap) 2 m
Impact factor = 0.60
Distance between CL outer exterior girders 4000 mm
Girder bottom width 750 mm
Gap between exterior girder and stopper 10 mm
Width of shear blocks / stopper 400 mm

Size of bearing pad Length = 890 mm Width = 730 mm

5.570 Including gap each side

1.475

2 2 0.75 1.6

1.885

Ø 1.80 1.80
4.10 Width ok

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan/piercap 41

Material properties
Concrete grade fck 30 N/mm²
Steel grade fe (fyk) 500 N/mm²
Modulus of elasticity of concrete Ec = 31187 N/mm²
Modulus of elasticity of steel rebar Es = 200000 N/mm²
Design mean tensile strength fctm = 2.50 N/mm²
Design concrete stress For ULS fcd_uls = 13.40 N/mm²
For Rare comb. fcd_rare = 14.40 N/mm²
For QPC fcd_qpc = 10.80 N/mm²
Design tensile stress for flexure fctd = 1.75 N/mm²
Design tensile stress of steel (for ULS) fyd_uls = 434.8 N/mm²
Design tensile stress of steel (for SLS) fyd = 400.0 N/mm²

Unfactored forces at the edge of the stem shaft

Dead load moments and shear
Moment, kNm Shear,kN
Due to dead load of the cap itself = 188.2 227.0
Dead load of stopper block 5.8 3.5
Due to dead load from superstructure = 2574.0 2340.0
Total from dead loads 2768.0 2570.5

Due to surfacing loads 167.2 152.0

Due to pedestrian live load 297.3 270.3

Due to moving load excluding impact = 1103.8 1003.5
Due to live load impact 662.3 602.1
Total from live load 2063.3 1875.8

Seismic forces (only the vertical seismic load is considered)

Seismic coefficient for vertical forces (from design of pier stem) αv = 0.049

Seimic force from dead+superimposed loads 134.3 124.7

Seimic force from surfacing 8.1 7.4
Seimic force from live loads 100.1 91.0
Total seismic forces 242.5 223.1

Overall breadth of the pier cap = B= 4100 mm

Provided overall depth = D= 1600 mm
Let the clear cover be, c= 75 mm
Let the diameter of main bars = Ø 32 mm
Let the total number of main reinforcing bars be 22 nos
Provide the bars in 1 layer(s)
Let the diameter of the shear stirrups Ø 16 mm

Hence the actual effective depth d_eff = 1493 mm

Spacing of the bars (approximate) 188 mm c/c ok

Distance of the CG of load points from the face of support = 1.10 m
(IRC:78-2014, 710.9.1) Check for corbel action

Provided area of tensile reinforcement = Ast = 17693 mm² 0.0029

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan/piercap 42

Check for maximum area (25% of gross area) = 1640000 mm² ok
Check for minimum area 0.0013*Ac_eff 7958 mm² ok
Ac_eff*0.26*fctm/fyk 7960 mm² ok
Reinforcement at the bottom (compression side)
Lets provide bars Ø 20 mm bars 22 nos @ 188 mm c/c (approx)
Total area of compression side reinforcement 6912 mm²

Total area of tension and compression reinforcement 24605 mm²

Check for maximum (0.04*Ac) 2624000 mm² ok

Factored moments and shear forces for ultimate limit states

Basic combination Seismic combination
Load factor Moment Shear Load factor Moment Shear
Dead+superimposed 1.35 3736.8 3470.1 1.35 3736.8 3470.1
Surface load 1.75 292.6 266.0 1.75 292.6 266.0
Live loads 1.5 3095.0 2813.7 0.2 412.7 375.2
Seismic forces 0 0.0 0.0 1.5 363.8 334.7
Total 7124.4 6549.8 4805.9 4446.0

Check for ultimate bending moment

From IRC:SP-105-2015, Ch.6

Coefficient for compressive force block (rectangle/parabolic) β1 = 0.80952
Coefficient for center of compressive block β2 = 0.41597
Ultimate strain in concrete εcu = 0.0035
Ultimate strain in steel = 0.87*(fy/Es) εsu = 0.0022
Limiting neutral axis Xu = 921 mm
Limiting compression force = β1*B*fcd*Xu Fcu = 40952 kN
Limiting tensile force for steel 0.87*fy*Ast Tu = 7697 kN
Lever arm = def - β2*Xu Zu = 1110 mm
Limiting ultimate moment (for concrete), Fc*Zu Mu_lim (conc) = 45456 kNm
Limiting ultimate moment (for steel) =Tu*Zu Mu_lim (st) = 8543 kNm
Design ULS moment Mu = 7124 kNm ok

Actual neutral axis for the given moment Actual X 111 mm

(d/2β2) - sqrt[(d/2β2)² - M/(β1β2*bw*fcd)] Actual lever arm, z = 1447 mm

Moment of inertia of section I= 1.40E+12 mm^4

Section modulus Z= 1.75E+09 mm³
Tensile stress at the extreme fibers 4.07 N/mm²
Section cracked

Check for ultimate shear

Design shear resistance without shear reinforcement (IRC:112-2019, 10.3.2 (2))

V_RDc = [0.12*K(80*ρ1*fck)^0.33 +0.15σcp]*bw*def

should not be less than [(0.031*(K^1.5) * sqrt(fck)) + 0.15σcp]*bw*def

K = 1+sqrt(200/d) <= 2.0 K= 1.37

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan/piercap 43

Percentage of tension steel, ρ1 (< 0.02) ρ1 = 0.0029
Stress in concrete due to axial force σcp = 0
Design shear resistance V_RDc = 464 kN
Should not be less than 405 kN Section ok
Ultimate design shear Vu = 6550 kN
Shear reinforcement required
Ignore the following calculations if shear reinforcement is not required
Shear resistance, V_RDs is minimum of
(Asw/S)*Z*fywd* Cotθ and αcw*bw*Z*ν1*(fcd/(cotθ + tanθ) (IRC:112-2019, 10.3.3.2)

Strength reduction factor (1 if section uncracked) ν1 = 0.54

Coefficient for axial compression (1 for no axial force) αcw = 1
Lever arm z= 1447 mm
Limiting Shear stress for θ = 45 deg 3.63 N/mm²
Limiting Shear stress for θ = 21.8 deg 2.50 N/mm²
Applied shear stress. v_ED = Vu/(bw*z) = 1.10 N/mm² ok

Actual angle of shear plane, θ = 0.5 Sin^(-1)*[v_ED/0.225*ν1*fck] 8.8 deg

Hence governing angle of plane for shear design = θ= 21.8 deg.

Provide 8 legs of 16 mm Ø bars, @ 200 mm c/c

Asw = 1608 mm² fywd = 434.8 N/mm²

Provided shear capacity (Asw/S)*z*fywd* Cotθ = 12650 kN ok

Check for shear at external bearings

Check shear at a distance 1.10 m from the face of the stem

Total Depth of beam at the bearing line = 1104 mm
Effective Depth of beam at the bearing line = 997 mm
Let lever arm = 0.8*d_eff z= 798 mm
Shear forces: Unfactored Load factors Factored SF, kN
Basic Seismic Basic Seismic
Due to dead load of the cap itself = 89 1.35 1.35 119.9 119.9
Due to dead load from superstructure = 2340 1.35 1.35 3159.0 3159.0
Due to surface load from supersructure = 152 1.75 1.75 266.0 266.0
Due to pedestrian live load = 270 1.5 0.2 405.4 54.1
Due to live load excluding impact = 1003 1.5 0.2 1505.2 200.7
Due to Impact load = 602 1.5 0.2 903.1 120.4
Seismic loads 216 0 1.5 0.0 324.3
Total 4673 6359 4244

Limiting Shear stress for θ = 45 deg 3.63 N/mm²

Limiting Shear stress for θ = 21.8 deg 2.50 N/mm²
Applied shear stress. v_ED = Vu/(bw*z) = 1.94 N/mm² ok

Actual angle of shear plane, 16.1 deg

Hence governing angle of plane for shear design = θ= 21.8 deg

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan/piercap 44

Provide 8 legs of 16 mm Ø bars, @ 200 mm c/c

Asw = 1608 mm² fywd = 434.8 N/mm²

Provided shear capacity (Asw/S)*z*fywd* Cotθ = 6973 kN ok

Check for corbel action __

(IRC:112-2019. 16.7)

Half thickness of the cap ta stem face 0.5*Hc = 0.80 m

Distance of the CG of loads from the stem face, ac = 1.10 m. Check area of stirrups
Ultimate shear force Vu = 6549.8 kN
Required total area of stirrups = 0.5*Vu/fyd = 7532 mm²
Provided total area of shear stirrups, ΣAs.sturrup = 17693 mm² ok
In case of ac < 0.5Hc, provide horizontal links @ 0.25*Ast
Nominal horizontal links, 0.25 Ast 4423 mm² N/A
2212 mm² each side
Providing 11 nos, Ø 16 mm bars each side @ 145 mm c/c approx.
Provided area at each side = 2212 mm² _

Limit State of Serviceability

SLS factors and factored BM & Shear force

Unfactored forces for Rare combination For Quasi Permanent combination
Due to: Shear force BM Factors Shear Force Moments Factors Shear Force Moments
DL+SIDL 2570 2768 1 2570.48 2768.00 1 2570.48 2768.00
Surface 152 167 1.2 182.40 200.64 1.2 182.40 200.64
Live load 1876 2063 1 1875.77 2063.35 0 0.00 0.00

Total 4598.25 4998.54 4628.65 5031.98 2752.88 2968.64

Design stress in concrete, for rare combination fcd (rare) = 14.4 N/mm²
Design stress in concrete, for quasi permanent combination fcd (QPC) = 10.8 N/mm²
Design stress in reinforcement fyd = 400 N/mm²
Modulus of elasticity of concrete Ecm = 31187 N/mm²
Modulus of elasticity of steel Es = 200000 N/mm²

From the above calculations we have β1 = 0.8095 β2 = 0.4160

Effective depth d_eff = 1493 mm
Area of tensile steel provided Ast = 17693 mm²

Check for Rare combination

Neutral axis for corresponding moment X= 72 mm
Z= 1463 mm
Hence stress in steel σst = 194 N/mm² ok
Strain in steel εst = 0.00097
From strain compatibility, εc = 0.00005 Hence stress in top fiber, σc = 1.53 ok

Check for Quasi Permanent combination

Neutral axis for corresponding moment X= 56.4 mm
Z= 1470 mm

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan/piercap 45

Hence stress in steel σst = 114.7 N/mm² ok

Check for crack width

IRC:112-2019, 12.3.4

Constants for bond properties and strain distribution k1 k2

From (IRC:112-2019, 12.3.4.3) 0.8 0.5
Ratio of modulus of elasticity αe = 6.41
Stress in steel (QPC) σsc = 114.7 N/mm²
Effective thickness of concrete in tensile area hc_eff = 267.5 mm
Effective tensile area Ac_eff = 1096750 mm²
Mean value of tensile strength of concrete fct_eff = 1.75 N/mm²
Ratio of tensile steel area to the effective tensile area of concrete ρp_eff = 0.0161

εsm - εcm= 9.45E-05 < 0.6*σsc/Es 3.44E-04

Hence εsm-εcm= 0.000344
Clear cover c= 75
Effective Bar diameter, Ø dia = 32
Check spacing of reinforcement, 5*(c+Ø/2) = 455 mm
Provided effective spacing 188 mm c/c
Hence Sr_max= 3.4+0.17*dia/rp_eff = 592 mm c/c
Hence, Crack width, Wk = Sr_max*(εsm - εcm) = 0.20 < 0.3 mm, ok

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan/piercap 46

Summary of design
Particulars Diameter Spacing, c/c
Tensile reinforcement at the top: 32 188
Compression reinforcement at bottom 20 188
Shear reinforcement 8 legged 16 200 200
Side face reinforcement : 16 145

Bar Bending schedule for 1 pier cap

Dia Nos Length Unit wt. Total wt.

P1 560 5388 560 32 22 6.508 6.31 903.87

188 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00
c/c approx
In 1 layer(s)

P2 675 675
188 20 22 7.140 2.47 387.36
c/c 1800 1995

3950
8 Legs
P3 H varies: 16 29 13.48 1.58 617.26
200 - 200 600 4 rings with leg spacing 560 mm
c/c 1450
Hook length 160

3685 400

P4 3934 16 10 12.104 1.58 191.12

145 (2 x 5) each link
c/c 3685

2743 (Average) 400

P5 3934 16 12 10.220 1.58 193.65

145 (2 x 6) each link
c/c Average 2743

P6 3950
32 2 3.95 6.31 49.87

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan/piercap 47

Bar Bending schedule for pedestal

810
PED 1 560 10 12 2.33 0.62 17.22
200

650
PED 2 560 10 14 2.17 0.62 18.71
200

800

PED 3 640
10 2 9.12 0.62 11.24

Pitch 150 mm bothways

1 layers

Total in 1 pier cap kg 2390.31

MT 2.390

Dia 32 both sides (P6) 22 nos dia 32 main bars (P1) evenly spaced in 1 layer(s)
welded to Bars P1 & P2
5 nos both sides Ø 16 @ 145 c/c (P4)

See details of
Stopper & pedestal

2 x 11 nos dia 16 stirrups

22 nos dia 20 (P2) spaced 200 - 200 at cantilever part
300 c/c at the stem part (P3)

6 nos both sides dia 16 @ 145 c/c (P5)

Vertical main bars from the stem

to be embedded into the cap
up to the top reinforcement of the cap

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan/piercap 48

Design of Circular Pier Stem Bamdi Harpan Khola bridge

Design Data:
R.L. of Deck surface 777.418 m
Total depth of superstructure deck 2.285 m
Assumed thickness of pedestal+bearing 0.3 m
Top level of pier cap 774.833 m
HFL 773.333 m
Maximum scour level for pier 767.714 m
Average ground level at pier locations 769.500 m
Bottom level of pier stem 769.510 m

Dead load eccentriciy of superstructure across the axis 0.0 m

Live load critical eccentricity across the axis 0.35 m
Eccentricity of the pedestrian load

Span 35 m
Critical Loads from superstructure

Load position L3 L2 L1 Center R1 R2 R3

Distance from center 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 -2.00 0.00 0.00

DL eccenricity factor 0.000 0.000 0.500 0.000 0.500 0.000 0.000

Dead+superimposed 0.0 0.0 2340.0 0.0 2340.0 0.0 0.0
Surface loads 0.00 0.00 152.00 0.00 152.00 0.00 0.00

LL eccentricity 0.00 0.00 0.59 0.00 0.41 0.00 0.00

LL excl. impact 0.0 0.0 1003.5 0.0 704.6 0.0 0.0
Pedestrian load 0.0 0.0 270.3 0.0 189.8 0.0 0.0

777.418 Deck level

5.57 4.10
1.475
774.833
1.60 0.75
773.233
2 2

1.885
5.32 HFL = 773.333

Ø 1.80 3.72

769.510
1.600
8.00 8.00 767.910

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan/Pier_stem 49

Height of deck surface from the pier cap= 2.585 m
(from the base to the top of pier cap)
Overall diameter of the column = D 1800 mm

Forces at the bottom of the stem (neglecting impact, IRC:6-2014, 208.7.c

X-X = along the traffic Y-Y = across the traffic

Load, kN Lever arm Moment, kN.m

X-X Y-Y X-X Y-Y
Dead+superimposed loads
Dead+superimposed load from superstructure 4680.00 0 0.0 0 0
Dead load from piercap 749.25 0 0 0 0
Dead load of pier stem 236.85 0 0 0 0
Total vertical dead load 5666.10 0 0

Surfacing loads 304.00 0 0.0 0 0

Live load
Critical moving load 1708.00 0.00 0.35 0.0 597.8
Pedestrian load 460.00 0.00 0.35 0 161
2168.00 0.00 758.80
Effect of buyoncy
By volume of displaced water by the pier -97.28

Braking force 109 9.11 990.95

Frictional force due to resistance of bearings (temperature effect)

Coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete (C) = 0.0000117
Length of main girders (L) 35000 mm
Concrete grade of superstructure 45 N/mm²
Assumed width of bearing (a) 750 mm
Assume width of elastomeric bearing (parallel to span) (b) 500 mm
Assume thickness of elastomeric bearing (T) 65 mm
Differential temperature in celcius (dt) 30 degree
Number of main girders = 2
Assume Shear modulus of elastomer (G) 0.90 N/mm² (range 0.6 to 1.2)
Elongation of the girder due to temperature, C*L*dt 12.29 mm
change in length of the girder due to shrinkage 10.24 mm (from abutment design)
Hence total elongation (at each side) dL =11.26 mm
Plan area of the bearing (A) = 375000 mm²
Longitudinal force transmitted to the pier
F = G*A*D / T = 58.48 kN per bearing
Total force from all bearings 117.0 kN
(In case both the fixed and free bearings are placed on the pier)
Lateral force from frictional resistance = 116.96 5.32 622.57

Force due to water current

(IRC:6-2017. 210.2)
Exposed height to water current 3.82
Area exposed 6.88

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan/Pier_stem 50

Maximum mean velocity m/sec 1.20
Maximum velocity, Sqrt(2)*V, = 1.697
Shape factor for square end , K = 0.66
Pressure intensity =52KV² = 98.84 kg/m²

Hence force due to water current = 0.97 kN 2.47

Seismic forces on the pier stem

(IRC:6-2017. Cl 219. IRC:SP114-2018, 5.2)

Loads from the superstructure

For the purpose of fundamental period, loads from the superstructure taken for half span
considering the worst case of one fixed and one free bearing

Total dead+superimposed+surfacing load from superstructure 2492 kN

Live load along the bridge axis 0 (IRC:6, 219.5.2)
Live load across the bridge bridge axis 170.8 kN
Dead load of the pier cap (excluding the stem part) 647 kN
Total load on the pier stem Along bridge axis 3139 kN
Across bridge axis 3310 kN
In case of pile foundation
Dead load of pier 986
Dead load of pile cap 2560 kN
Total load on piles D= Along bridge axis 6686
Across bridge axis 6856

Number of piles 9 nos

Diameter of pile 1.00 m
Cracked moment of inertia of single pile 0.0368 m^4
Virtual depth of fixity of piles (considering no scour condition) 5.85 m
Concrete grade of pile M 35 E= 32000000 kN/m²
Stiffness of single pile (fixed head column) 70618 kN/m
Stiffness of group of pile (approximate) k_pile = 635563 kN/m

Cracked moment of inertia of the pier stem I_pier = 0.386 m^4

Height of pier (from the stem base to pier cap top) 5.32 m
Concrete grade of pier M 30 E= 31000000 kN/m²
Stiffness of pier stem (both axis) k_pier = 238306 kN/m

Total stiffness of elastomeric bearings (from above calcs) k_b = 10384.62 kN/m

Hence combined stiffness of the pier stem + piles (if any) 9798 kN/m (both axes)
Taking displacement, from the relation F = k*displacement, F= 9.80 kN (both axes)

Fundamental Time Period, T = 2*sqrt(D/(1000*F) Along axis 1.65 sec

Across axis 1.67 sec

Design acceleration coefficient, following Elastic Seismic Acceleration Method (IRC SP:114-2018. 5.2.1)

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan/Pier_stem 51

Type of soil Soft soil
Along bridge axis Sa/g = 1.01
Across bridge axis Sa/g = 1.00

General horizontal seismic coefficient, Ah = Z/2 * I * Sa/g / R

Where, Z = Zonal factor 0.36 (IRC:SP:114-2018, 4.3)
I = Importance factor 1.2 (IRC:SP:114-2018, 4.5)
Sa/g = Average response acceleration coefficient, as derived above
R = Reduction coefficient 3 (IRC:SP:114-2018, 4.2.4)
Considering plastic hinge at the base. To be checked for requirement of ductile detailing

Along bridge axis Across bridge axis

General Horizontal seismic coefficient αh = 0.073 0.072
General Vertical seismic coefficient (2/3 of αh) αv = 0.049 0.048

Seismic forces from different components (at the base of pier stem)

Vertical Horizontal force,kN Moment, kN.m

load, kN along axis across axis along axis across axis

Due to Dead & superimposed loads

From superstructure 227.1 340.6 336.3 1813.1 1790.3
From pier cap 36.4 54.5 53.8 254.1 250.9
From pier stem 11.5 17.2 17.0 32.1 31.7
Total from DL+SIDL 274.9 412.4 407.2 2099.2 2072.9

From surface load 14.7 22.1 21.8 175.0 172.8

From live loads

Vehicle loads 16.6 0.0 24.5 0.0 229.4
Pedestrian loads 4.5 0.0 6.6 0.0 61.8
Total from live loads 21.0 0.0 31.2 0.0 291.2

Load Combinations

Ultimate limit state Basic combination

Particular Load Vertical Horizontal Horizontal Moment Moment

factor load load along load across along traffic across traffic
traffic(X-X) traffic (Y-Y) (X-X) (Y-Y)

Dead loads 1.35 7649.2

Surface loads 1.75 532.0
Vehicle load 1.50 2562.0 896.7
Pedestrian load 1.50 690.0 241.5
Tractive/Braking force 1.50 163.2 1486.4
Frictional force 0.90 105.3 560.3
Buyoncy 0.15 -14.6
Water current 1.00 1.0 2.5

Total 11418.6 268.5 1.0 2046.7 1140.7

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan/Pier_stem 52

Ultimate limit state Seismic combination

Particular Load Vertical Horizontal Horizontal Moment Moment

factor load load along load across along traffic across traffic
traffic(X-X) traffic (Y-Y) (X-X) (Y-Y)

Dead loads 1.35 7649.2

Surface loads 1.75 532.0
Vehicle load 0.20 341.6 119.6
Pedestrian load 0.20 92.0 32.2
Tractive/Braking force 0.20 21.8 198.2
Frictional force 0.50 58.5 311.3
Buyoncy 1.00 -97.3
Water current 1.00 1.0 2.5
8517.5 80.2 1.0 509.5 154.2

Seismic forces 1.50 466.1 651.8 690.3 3411.3 3805.3

Total 8983.6 732.0 691.3 3920.8 3959.5

Serviceability limit state (Rare Combination)

Particular Load Vertical Horizontal Horizontal Moment Moment

factor load load along load across along traffic across traffic
traffic(X-X) traffic (Y-Y) (X-X) (Y-Y)

Dead loads 1.00 5666.1

Surface loads 1.20 364.8
Vehicle load 1.00 1708.0 597.8
Pedestrian load 1.00 460.0 161.0
Tractive/Braking force 1.00 108.8 991.0
Frictional force 0.60 70.2 373.5
Buyoncy 0.15 -14.6
Water current 1.00 1.0 2.5

Total 8184.3 179.0 1.0 1364.5 761.3

Serviceability limit state (Quasi Permanent Combination)

Particular Load Vertical Horizontal Horizontal Moment Moment

factor load load along load across along traffic across traffic
traffic(X-X) traffic (Y-Y) (X-X) (Y-Y)

Dead loads 1.0 5666.1

Surface loads 1.2 364.8
Vehicle load 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pedestrian load 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tractive/Braking force 0.0 0.0 0.0
Frictional force 0.5 58.5 311.3
Buyoncy 0.2 -14.6
Water current 0.0 0.0 0.0

Total 6016.3 58.5 0.0 311.3 0.0

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan/Pier_stem 53

Summary of factored load combinations (unresolved)

Load combinations Vertical Horizontal Horizontal Moment Moment

load load along load across along traffic across traffic
traffic(X-X) traffic (Y-Y) (X-X) (Y-Y)

ULS Basic 11418.6 268.5 1.0 2046.7 1140.7

ULS Seismic 8983.6 732.0 Resolved separately below
SLS Rare 8184.3 179.0 1.0 1364.5 761.3
SLS QPC 6016.3 58.5 0.0 311.3 0.0

Resultant forces for design of circular pier stem

Static horizontal forces are resolved as square root of sum of squares
Seismic horizontal forces are resolved as square root of sum of squares in following combinations
Resultant horizontal force Resultant moment
Combination 1 r1+0.3r2 683.9 3597.2
Combination 2 0.3r1+r2 717.5 3940.5
(IRC:6-2017. 219.4)

N (resultant) H (resultant) M (resultant)

ULS Basic combination 11418.6 268.5 2343.1
ULS Seismic combination 8983.6 797.7 4472.8
SLS Rare combination 8184.3 179.0 1562.5
SLS Quasi permanent combination 6016.3 58.5 311.3

ULS design of pier

Concrete grade fck 30 N/mm²
Reinforcement grade Fe 500 N/mm²
Design concrete stress fcd_uls 13.4 N/mm²
Design flexural tensile strength of concrete fctd 1.75 N/mm²
Design tensile stress of steel fyd_uls 434.8 N/mm²
Modulus of elasticity of concrete Ecm = 31187 N/mm²
Modulus of elasticity of steel rebars Es = 200000 N/mm²

Total diameter of pier D= 1800 mm

Let the diameter of main vertical bars 25 mm
Let the diameter of transverse bars (at critical section) 16 mm
Total number of bars 40 nos
Clear cover to rebars 75 mm
Total area of main vertical bars Ast = 19635 mm²
Minimum area of reinforcement, larger of 0.1*N_ed/fyd = 2626
0.002*Ac = 5089 ok
Effective cover each side d' = 103.5 mm
Effctive diameter of core d= 1593 mm
Spacing of main vertical bars 125 mm c/c
Use maximum size of aggregate 40 mm ok

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan/Pier_stem 54

Verification with interaction diagram For ultimate axial force, N_ed = 11418.6 kN
Design moment resistance (M_rd) = 9737.9
Ultimate design moment (M_ed) = 4472.8 kNm
ok
45000

40000 Xu/D = 0.470

Xu = 845 mm
35000

30000 Compression zone area =

1173686 mm²
Axial Load in KN, Nu

25000 Tensile zone area =

1371004 mm²
20000
Effective area of tensile reinforcement
15000 Ast_eff = 10579 mm²

10000

5000

0
-2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Moment in KN, Mu

Check for Ultimate Shear

To find the effective depth and effective shear area

Overall diameter of pier D= 1800 mm
Total area of longitudinal reinforcement A1 = 19635 mm²
Ratio of longitudinal reinforcement to gross sectional area ρg = 0.0077
Clear cover c= 75 mm
Thickness of equivalent steel plate for the reinforcement area a= 3.8 mm
a= -D/2 +c + 0.5*sqrt((D-c)² + rg*D²)
Neutral axis depth for the ultimate moment (from PM interaction equations), x = 845 mm
Constant α = arccos[(D/2 -x)/(D/2 -c)] α= 0.066 rad
Let r1 = D/2 - c - a and r2 = D/2 - c r1 = 821 mm
r2 = 825 mm
Now effective depth d= 918 mm

For effective area Cos β = 2d / D-1 Hence, β= 1.020 rad

Effective segmental area = Ag - D²[2b - sin(2b)]/8 A_eff = 2079340 mm²

Area of reinforcement in effective tension Ast_eff = 10579 mm²

Check for requirement of ductile detailing at location of plastic hinge

Seismic design is Design Based Earthquake (DBE) for 100 years design life. (IRC:SP:114-2018. 7.2.1)

Location of plastic hinge Base of the pier stem

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan/Pier_stem 55

Design moment of resistance for ULS = M_rd = 9738 kNm
Design moment from ULS seismic combination M_ed = 4473 kNm
No additional detailing required.

Normalized axial force, n_k = N_ed/(Ac*fck) = 0.1177 >0.08 Modified overstrength

Factor for modified overstrength, K=(1+2(n_k - 0.08)²) 1.003

From IRC:112-2018, 17.2.1.1 >0.064, Check for Additional confinement reinforcement

Overstrength factor 1.354

Overstrength moment at the base = Mo = 13183 kNm
Resultant moment due to LL+Braking M_LL= 787 kNm
Capacity moment = Mo-M_LL = ∆M = 12397 kNm

Curtailment level (from the stem base) 0.00 m. No curtailment

Ultimate axial force at curtailment level N/A
Design moment of resistance at curtailment level = N/A

Check for overstrength shear Vo = ∆M/H 2329 kN

Capacity Design shear = Vc - LL forces Vc = 2307 kN. (LL forces for ULS seismic case)

From IRC:112-2019, 10.3.2 (2)

K = 1+sqrt(200/d) <= 2.0 K= 1.47

Ratio of tensile steel to effective area, ρ1 (< 0.02) ρ1 = 0.005
Stress due to axial load (not more than 0.2*fcd) σcp = 2.68 N/mm²
Design shear resistance (without additional reinforcement) V_RDc = 1672 kN
Should not be less than 1463 Section ok
Design ultimate shear force or Capacity Shear = V_ed or Vc = 2307 kN
Shear reinforcement required

Coefficient for center of compressive block β2 = 0.41597

Lever arm z = deff- β2*x z= 566 mm
Strength reduction factor (assuming the section is cracked) ν= 0.542
Design strength of steel fyd = 434.8 N/mm²
For σcp = 2.68 N/mm²
Coefficient for stress in compression αcw = 1.089
Maximum allowable shear stress with normal shear reinforcement = αcw*ν*fcd/(cotθ+tanθ)
Limiting Shear stress for θ = 45 deg 3.96 N/mm²
Actual ultimate shear stress = 1.110 N/mm²
Check for adequacy of the section ok
Angle for ultimate shear stress θ (actual) 8.15 deg
Limiting Shear stress for θ = 21.8 deg 2.73 N/mm²
Governing shear stress for design 2.73 N/mm²

At the critical section (near the support)

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan/Pier_stem 56

Critical length = 1100 mm
Maximum spacing for confinement of critical section 125 mm
Provide spiral reinforcement Ø 16 mm @ 100 mm c/c 2 legs
Area per leg Asw = 402 mm²
Maximum allowable spacing (eq. 10.8) S_max = 107 mm
ok
Spacing at non critical locations 200 mm c/c

Limit State of Serviceability

Coefficient for compressive force block (rectangle/parabolic) β1 = 0.80952

Coefficient for center of compressive block β2 = 0.41597
Effective depth (from above calculations) d_eff = 918 mm
Total depth of equivalent rectancle D_eq = 1021 mm
Equivalent width for an effective area = bw_eq = 2492 mm
Effective area of tension steel Ast_eff = 10579 mm²

Check for stresses

(Rare combination)
Design stress of concrete for rare combination fcd_rare = 14.4 N/mm²
Design stress in reinforcement fyd = 400 N/mm²
Axial force for rare combination N= 8184 kN
Bending moment for rare combination M= 1562 kNm
Neutral axis for corresponding moment X= 60.3 mm
Z= 893 mm
Compressive stress in steel due to axial force σcs = 417 N/mm²
Hence resultant tensile stress in steel σst = 0.0 N/mm²
ok

(Quasi Permanent combination)

Design stress of concrete for Q-P combination fcd_QPC = 10.8 N/mm²
Design stress in reinforcement fyd = 400 N/mm²
Axial force for QP combination N= 6016 kN
Bending moment for rare combination M= 311.3 kNm
Neutral axis for corresponding moment X= 15.7 mm
Z= 911 mm
Compressive stress in steel due to axial force σcs = 306
Hence resultant tensile stress in steel σst = 0.0 N/mm²
ok
Crack width

Design bending moment (QPC) 311.3 kN.m

Design concrete stress fcd_qpc = 10.8 N/mm²
Neutral axis for the SLS moment (β1 and β2 from above calculation) 15.7 mm
Lever arm with respect the SLS neutral axis Z= 911 mm
Equivalent Effective Area of tensile steel Ast_eff = 10579 mm²

Factor for load duration, k1 0.5

Effective area of tensile zone is based on equivalent rectangule as derived above
For effective reinforcement area, hc_eff = minimum of
Total depth of equivalent rectangle 1021 mm

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan/Pier_stem 57

Effective depth from above d_eff = 918 mm
Constants for bond properties and strain distribution K1 = 0.8 K2 = 0.5
Ratio of modulus of elasticity α_e = 6.41
Stress in steel σsc = 0.00 N/mm²
Effective thickness ofequivalent tension zone hc_eff = 258.75 mm
Effective area of equivalent tensile zone Ac_eff = 644718 mm²
Mean value of tensile strength of concrete fct_eff = 1.75 N/mm²
Effective ratio of steel = Ast/Ac_eff ρ_eff = 0.016408

εsm - εcm= -4.72E-04 < 0.6*σsc/Es 0.00E+00

Hence εsm-εcm= 0
Clear cover c= 75 mm
Diameter of reinforcing bars 25 mm
Check spacing of reinforcement, 5*(c+Ø/2) = 438 mm c/c
Equivalent approximate number of bars within equivalent width 22 nos
Equivalent effective spacing of bars 119 mm c/c
Hence Sr_max= 3.4+0.17*dia/rp_eff = 862 mm c/c
Hence, Crack width, Wk = Sr_max*(εsm - εcm) = 0.00 < 0.3 mm, ok

Dia Nos Length Unit Wt. Total Wt

P7 6675 25 40 7.075 3.854 1090.7

125 400
mm c/c
approx

16 113.75 1.579 179.6

P8 D = 1634
at critical zone
Pitch 100

P9 D = 1634 16 116.26 1.579 183.6

Non critical
zone
Pitch 200

Total in 1 pier stem 1270.3

1.270
MT

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan/Pier_stem 58

 125
Zone Bar Pitch Bar Ø
740 A P9 200 16
735 B P9 200 16

1100 C P8 100 16

1523 D P9 200 16

1100 E P8 100 16

735 F P9 200 16
740 G P9 200 16
125

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan/Pier_stem 59

 Design of Pier piles Bamdi Harpan Khola bridge

Average Ground level at pier locations 769.50 m

-0.01
HFL 773.33 m

5.619 769.51 m
1.60 m (cap thickness)

1.796 0.20
Maximum scour 767.714 m

16.804 4.25 18.6

Level of fixity 763.46 m

12.554

Founding level 750.91 m

Dimeter of the pile dia = 1.00 m

Number of piles along the bridge axis 3
Number of piles across the bridge axis 3 ok
Offset of pilecap from the outer surface of the outermost pile = 0.5 m
Total number of piles n= 9 nos
Center to center distance of the piles:
Along the bridge axis (Xi) 3.00 m c/c ok
Across the bridge axis (Yi) 3.00 m c/c ok
[Center to center distance between piles restricted by IRC:78, 709.1.5.1]

8
Bridge axis
3 nos, Ø 1 m @ 3 m c/c

3 nos, Ø1 m @3 m c/c

8m

Length of pilecap along the bridge axis Lcap = 8m

Width of pilecap across the bridge axis Wcap = 8m

Let the thickness of pile cap be Th_pc = 1.6 m

Thickness of pile cap restricted by IRC:78, 709.5.1] ok

Depth of fixity from maximum scour level 4.25 m

Embedded length of pile = D_emb= 16.80 m

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / pier_piles1 60

 Width of pile group (outer surfaces of the piles) along the bridge axis, B = 7.00 m
Length of pile group (outer surfaces of the piles) across the bridge axis, L = 7.00 m
Area enclosed by the perimeter of the pilegroup as above, Ag = 49.00 m²

Summary of unfactored loads above the pile cap

Load combinations IRC:78-2014
Vertical Hor. Hor. Moment Moment Comb-I Comb - II Comb -
Particulars along axis across along across III
axis axis axis
Dead loads (G) 5666.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1
Surface loads (G) 304.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1
Vehicle load (Q) 1708.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 597.8 1 1 0
Pedestrian load (Q) 460.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 161.0 1 1 0
Tractive/Braking force (Fb) 0.0 108.8 0.0 1165.0 0.0 1 1 0
Frictional force (Thermal) (Ff) 0.0 117.0 0.0 809.7 0.0 1 1 1
Buyoncy (Gb) -97.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1
Water current (Fwc) 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 2.5 1 1 1

Seismic forces (Feq) 310.7 434.5 460.2 2969.4 3265.9 0 1 1

Total 8351.5 660.3 461.2 4944.1 4027.1
(The load factors for base pressure or axial load on piles taken as per IRC:6-2017, Table B4, Note 8)

Additional loads/forces from the pile cap

Unit weight of concrete 25 kN/m³

Dead load of the pile cap 2560.0 kN

Additional seismic forces from pile cap

Seismic coefficient for piles (considering scour condition) along axis across axis
Horizontal 0.073 0.072
Verticle 0.048 0.048
Seismic forces Horizontal 186.17 183.83
Vertical 124.11

Buyoncy
Volume of pilecap 102.40 m³
Volume of piles (ignored, since deadload is not considered)
Total upward force due to buyoncy -1024.0 kN

Load combinaions at the bottom of pile cap (for pile axial capacity)
IRC:78-2014. 706.1.1

Forces Vertical Horizontal Horizont Moment Moment

load load along al load along the across
the axis across axis (Mxx) the axis
(xx) the axis (Myy)
(yy)
Combination I 9577 226 1 1974.7 761
Combination II 10012 846 645 4944.1 4027
Combination III 7844 738 645 3779.1 3268

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / pier_piles1 61

 Maximum load on individual piles (for pile axial capacity)
The moments of inertia of the piles ΣXi²= 72.00 m²
denoted in terms of sum of squares of the distance ΣYi²= 135.00 m²
Maximum load will be obviously on the outermost piles
X max = 3m
Y max = 4.5 m

V max = [V/n] + (Mxx*Xmax)/Σ Xi² + (Myy*Ymax)/Σ Yi²

V min = [V/n] - (Mxx*Xmax)/Σ Xi² - (Myy*Ymax)/Σ Yi²

For different combinations: V1 V2

Combination I (Non seismic) 1171.75 956.43
Combination II (Seismic) 1452.65 772.16
Combination III (Seismic) 1137.92 605.11

Max Min
Critical values 1171.75 956.43 kN (non seismic)
1452.65 605.11 kN (seismic)

Length of pile selected as per geotechincal report 17 m

Total depth of pile including the pile cap 18.6 m
Actual founding depth from the existing ground level = 18.6 m
The useful length of the pile (considering pilecap and scour) = 16.80 m

The capacity of a single pile at this depth (from Geo-tech report) 1465.0 kN
including pile self weight > Vmax, ok
Capacity of a single Pile for seismic case (increase 25%) 1831.3 kN
> Vmax, ok
Total Ultimate bearing capacity of the group, n*Qult = 13185.0 kN

The calculated pile capacity is based on low settlement criteria. It is recommended to

conduct pile load test before construction of working pile, and revise the design if
necessary. In adverse case, settlement up to 60mm can be adopted for analysis.

Ultimate bearing capacity of the pile group as a single unit

Group efficiency (from geotechnical report) 100 % = 1.00
(The individual capacity based 100% group efficiency)

Hence safe bearing capacity of pile group = Qg(al) = 13185 kN

Which is > the vertical load, i.e. 10012 kN

ok

Adopted design: Number of piles 9

Pile depth 18.6 m including pilecap
Pile diameter 1.00 m
Size of pile cap L= 8 m along the bridge axis
B= 8 m across the bridge axis
h= 1.6 m

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / pier_piles1 62

 Structural Design of Piles

Depth of fixity of piles (IS:2911, Part-1, Sec.-2, Appendix - C)

Let the concrete grade M 35 N/mm²

Steel grade Fe 500 N/mm²

Diameter of pile 1.00 m Moment of inertia, I = 0.04909 m^4 E= 32000000

Exposed length of pile (scour depth) e = L1 = 0.20 m
Embedded length of pile L= 16.80 m

For cohesive soil Unconfined compressive strength, qu = 45 kN/m² Soft clay

k1 (from C.2.1 Table 4) = 8100 kN/m³ K= 1620
Stiffness factor R = 0.59 2R = 1.18 3.5R = 2.06 Long pile

For Non-cohesive soil Type of soil Dense sand, submerged (or equivalent)
Avergae SPT value 50
Modulus of horizontal subgrade reaction (C-2.1 Table 3), nh = 11562.5 kN/m³
Stiffness factor T = 2.67 2T = 5.34 4T = 10.68 Long pile

Type of soil (considering upper layers) Non-cohesive T= 2.67

Long pile L1/T = 0.07 m
Hence Lf/T = 2.19 m
Zf = Lf = 5.85 m
Total equivalent length of fixity including scour depth (e+Zf) = 6.05 m
(Virtual depth of fixity)
Moment reduction factor (IS:2911-1-2. C-4.3) m= 0.832

Forces on pile for different combinations XX = forces along axis. YY = forces across axis

Seismic design of piles No plastic hinge considered.

Horizontal force and moments from the stem are transferred to thepiles/pile cap only until formation
of hinge in the stem. Hence the horizontal and vertical seismic coefficients are taken with reduction
factor 3 and 1 respectively.

Seismic coefficients for scour condition

Above the pile cap Pile cap & below
Along bridge axis Across bridge axis Along bridge axis Across bridge axis
αh = 0.073 0.072 αh = 0.073 0.072
αv = 0.145 0.144 αv = 0.145 0.144

Unfactored seismic forces above the pile cap (from pier stem design)
Vertical H-XX H-YY M-XX M-YY
310.7 434.5 460.2 2969.4 3265.9

Unfactored Total forces above the pile cap

Vertical H-XX H-YY M-XX M-YY
Dead loads 5666.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Surface loads 304.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vehicle load 1708.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 597.8
Pedestrian load 460.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 161.0
Tractive/Braking force 0.0 108.8 0.0 1165.0 0.0
Frictional force (Thermal) 0.0 117.0 0.0 809.7 0.0
Buyoncy -97.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Water current 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 2.5

Seismic forces 932.1 434.5 460.2 2969.4 3265.9

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / pier_piles1 63

 Additional from pile cap
Dead load 2560.0 0 0
Buyoncy for pile cap -1024.0 0 0

Seismic from pile cap 372.3 186.2 183.8 0 0

Summary of loads on pile, for structural design (unresolved)

Vertical H-XX H-YY M-XX M-YY
Dead loads 8226.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Surface loads 304.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vehicle load 1708.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 597.8
Pedestrian load 460.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 161.0
Tractive/Braking force 0.0 108.8 0.0 1165.0 0.0
Frictional force (Thermal) 0.0 117.0 0.0 809.7 0.0
Buyoncy -1121.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Water current 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 2.5
Seismic forces 1304.5 (resolved separately) 2969.4 3265.9

Load factors for different limit states for structural design and serviceability
Ultimate limit state Serviceability limit state
Basic Seismic Rare Quasi-permanent
Dead loads 1.35 1.35 1.00 1.00
Surface loads 1.75 1.75 1.20 1.20
Vehicle load 1.50 0.20 1.00 0.00
Pedestrian load 1.50 0.20 1.00 0.00
Tractive/Braking force 1.50 0.20 1.00 0.00
Frictional force (Thermal) 0.90 0.50 0.50 0.50
Buyoncy 1.50 1.00 0.15 0.15
Water current 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00
Seismic forces 0.00 1.50 0.00 0.00

Summary of loads according to different load combinations

Ultimate limit state Vertical M-XX M-YY

Basic combination 13207 2476 1141
Seismic combination 12906 5092 5053

Serviceability limit state

Rare combination 10591 1570 761
Quasi-permanent combination 8423 405 0

Critical axial loads on individual pile

Taking Σ X i ², Σ Y i ², X max , Y max and number of piles from previous calculations

Critical Factored axial force (N) for: N1 N2 Maximum

ULS Basic combination 1608.7 1326.3 1608.7 kN
ULS Seismic combination 1814.6 1053.4 1814.6 kN
SLS Rare combination 1267.5 1267.5 1267.5 kN
SLS Quasi permanent combination 952.7 952.7 952.7 kN

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / pier_piles1 64

 Critical horizontal force on individual pile

Resultant non seismic horizontal forces

H-XX H-YY Resultant (factored)
ULS Basic combination 30 0 30 kN
ULS Seismic combination 9 0 9 kN
SLS Rare combination 19 0 19 kN
SLS Quasi permanent combination 6 0 6 kN

Seismic horizontal forces are resolved as: r1+0.3r2 0.3r1+r2

(IRC:6-2017. 219.4)

Contribution of orthogonal horizontal seismic forces above the pile cap

Combination 1 434.5 138.1 Resultant 455.9
Combination 2 130.4 460.2 Resultant 478.3
Taking the larger among the two, the resultant horizontal seismic force = 478.3 kN

Contribution of orthogonal horizontal seismic forces from the pile cap

Combination 1 186.2 55.1 Resultant 194.2
Combination 2 55.9 183.8 Resultant 192.1
Taking the larger among the two, the resultant horizontal seismic force = 194.2 kN

Resultant Seismic horizontal forces: Maximum (factored)

ULS Basic combination 0 kN
ULS Seismic combination 112.1 kN
SLS Rare combination 0 kN
SLS Quasi permanent combination 0 kN

Total Horizontal force and moment on individual pile

Moment reduction coeffieicne (from above calcs) m= 0.832

H (resultant) M (resultant)
ULS Basic combination 30 kN 75.0
ULS Seismic combination 121 kN 304.2
SLS Rare combination 19 kN 46.7
SLS Quasi permanent combination 6 kN 16.3

ULS design of pile

Concrete grade fck 35 N/mm²
Reinforcement grade Fe 500 N/mm²
Design concrete stress fcd_uls 15.6 N/mm²
Design flexural tensile strength of concrete fctd 1.94 N/mm²
Design tensile stress of steel fyd_uls 434.8 N/mm²
Modulus of elasticity of concrete Ecm = 32308 N/mm²
Modulus of elasticity of steel rebars Es = 200000 N/mm²

Total diameter of pile 1000 mm

Let the diameter of main vertical bars 20 mm
Let the diameter of transverse bars (at critical section) 12 mm
Total number of bars 16 nos
Clear cover to rebars 75 mm
Total area of main vertical bars 5027 mm² 0.64%
(Minimum 0.4%, Maximum 2.5%, IRC:78-2014, 709.4.4) ok
Spacing of main bars 158 mm c/c
_

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / pier_piles1 65

 Verification with interaction diagram
For ultimate axial force, N_ed = 1814.6 kN
Design moment resistance (M_rd) = 1324.2 kN.m
Ultimate design moment (M_ed) = 304.2 kN.m
16000 ok

14000 Xu/D = 0.319

12000 Xu = 319 mm
Axial Load in KN, Nu

10000 Compression zone area =

8000 216131 mm²
Tensile zone area =
6000 569267 mm²
4000
Effective area of tensile reinforcement
2000 Ast_eff = 3643 mm²
0
-500 0 500 in KN,
Moment 1000
Mu 1500 2000

Check for Ultimate shear

To find the effective depth and effective shear area

Overall diameter of pile D= 1000 mm
Total area of longitudinal reinforcement A1 = 5027 mm²
Ratio of longitudinal reinforcement to gross sectional area ρg = 0.0064
Clear cover c= 75 mm
Thickness of equivalent steel plate for the reinforcement area a= 1.9 mm
a= -D/2 +c + 0.5*sqrt((D-c)² + rg*D²)
Neutral axis depth for the ultimate moment (from PM interaction equations), x = 319 mm
Constant α = arccos[(D/2 -x)/(D/2 -c)] α= 0.425 rad
Let r1 = D/2 - c - a and r2 = D/2 - c r1 = 423 mm
r2 = 425 mm
Now effective depth d= 564 mm

For effective area Cos β = 2d / D-1 Hence, β= 1.130 rad

Effective segmental area = Ag - D²[2b - sin(2b)]/8 A_eff = 599442 mm²

Hence area of reinforcement in effective tension Ast_eff = 3643 mm²

From IRC:112-2019, 10.3.2 (2)

K = 1+sqrt(200/d) <= 2.0 K= 1.60

Ratio of tensile steel to effective area, ρ1 (< 0.02) ρ1 = 0.006
Stress due to axial load (not more than 0.2*fcd) σcp = 2.68 N/mm²
Design shear resistance (without additional reinforcement) V_RDc = 534 kN
Should not be less than 463 kN Section ok
Design ultimate shear force = V_ed = 121 kN
No additional shear reinforcement required

Coefficient for center of compressive block β2 = 0.416

Lever arm z = deff- β2*x z= 431 mm

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / pier_piles1 66

 Strength reduction factor (assuming the section is cracked) ν= 0.532
Design strength of steel fyd = 434.8 N/mm²
For σcp = 2.68 N/mm²
Coefficient for stress in compression αcw = 1.08
Maximum allowable shear stress with normal shear reinforcement = αcw*ν*fcd/(cotθ+tanθ)
Limiting Shear stress for θ = 45 deg 4.48 N/mm²
Actual ultimate shear stress = 0.202 N/mm²
Check for adequacy of the section ok
Angle for ultimate shear stress θ (actual) 1.29 deg
Limiting Shear stress for θ = 21.8 deg 3.09 N/mm²
Governing shear stress for design 3.09 N/mm²

Provide spiral reinforcement with Ø 12 mm @ 150 mm c/c 2 legs

Area per leg Asw = 226 mm²
Maximum allowable spacing (eq. 10.8) S= 877 mm
ok
Provide the design spiral reinforcement down to 8.50 m from the bottom of pile cap
Provide nominal reinforcement below the critical length Ø 12 200 mm c/c
Privide reinforcement inside the pile cap Ø 12 200 mm c/c

Limit State of Serviceability

Coefficient for compressive force block (rectangle/parabolic) β1 = 0.80952

Coefficient for center of compressive block β2 = 0.41597
Effective depth (from above calculations) d_eff = 564 mm
Total depth of equivalent rectangular section D_eq = 661 mm
Equivalent width for an effective area = bw_eq = 1188 mm
Effective area of tension steel Ast_eff = 3643 mm²

Check for stresses

(Rare combination)
Design stress of concrete for rare combination fcd_rare = 16.8 N/mm²
Design stress in reinforcement fyd = 400 N/mm²
Axial force for rare combination N= 1267.5 kN
Bending moment for rare combination M= 46.7 kN.m
Neutral axis for corresponding moment X= 5.1 mm
Z= 562 mm
Compressive stress in steel due to axial force σcs = 252 N/mm²
Hence resultant tensile stress in steel σst = 0.0 N/mm²
ok

(Quasi Permanent combination)

Design stress of concrete for Q-P combination fcd_QPC = 12.6 N/mm²
Design stress in reinforcement fyd = 400 N/mm²
Axial force for QP combination N= 952.7 kN
Bending moment for rare combination M= 16.3 kN.m
Neutral axis for corresponding moment X= 2.4 mm
Z= 563 mm
Compressive stress in steel due to axial force σcs = 190 N/mm²
Hence resultant tensile stress in steel σst = 0.0 N/mm²
ok

Crack width

Design bending moment (QPC) M_QPC = 16.3 kN.m

Design concrete stress fcd_qpc = 12.6 N/mm²

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / pier_piles1 67

 Neutral axis for the SLS moment (β1 and β2 from above calculation) 2.4 mm
Lever arm with respect the SLS neutral axis Z= 563 mm
Equivalent Effective Area of tensile steel Ast_eff = 3643 mm²

Factor for load duration, k1 0.5

Effective area of tensile zone is based on equivalent rectangle as derived above
For effective reinforcement area, hc_eff = minimum of
Total depth of equivalent rectangle 661 mm

Effective depth from above d_eff = 564 mm

Constants for bond properties and strain distribution K1 = 0.8 K2 = 0.5
Ratio of modulus of elasticity α_e = 6.19
Stress in steel σsc = 0.0 N/mm²
Effective thickness ofequivalent tension zone hc_eff = 220 mm
Effective area of equivalent tensile zone Ac_eff = 260851.7 mm²
Mean value of tensile strength of concrete fct_eff = 1.94 N/mm²
Effective ratio of steel = Ast/Ac_eff ρ_eff = 0.01397

εsm - εcm= -6.0E-04 < 0.6*σsc/Es 0.00E+00

Hence 0.000
Clear cover c= 75 mm
Diameter of reinforcing bars Ø= 20 mm
Check spacing of reinforcement, 5*(c+Ø/2) = 425 mm
Equivalent approximate number of bars within equivalent width 12 nos
Equivalent effective spacing of bars 108 mm
Hence Sr_max= 3.4+0.17*dia/rp_eff = 498 mm
Hence, Crack width, Wk = Sr_max*(εsm - εcm) = 0.00 mm
< 0.3 mm, ok

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / pier_piles1 68

 Design of Pile cap

Total length of pile cap along the bridge axis = 8m

Total breadth of pile cap across the bridge axis = 8m
Number of piles and spacing
Along the bridge axis 3 nos @ 3.00 m c/c
Across the bridge axis 3 nos @ 3.00 m c/c
Diamater of piles 1m

Offset to the CL of outermost pile from the edge of pilecap 1m

Along the axis 1.80

3.10 3.10

1.6

3.00
1.0
Number of piles in one row along the axis = 3

Across the axis

1.80

3.10 3.10

3.00
1.0

Number of piles in one row along the axis = 3

For FE analysis
Thikness of pilecap 1.6 m
Total distance between c/c of extreme piles 6 m
Overhang from the external piles 1.0 m
C/C distance of the piles 3.00 m

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / pier_piles1 69

 Taking one meter strip of the pile cap
Unfactored loads along the axis Loaded length
Vertical loads From To Moment
Dead loads from superstructure+stem 708.3 kN 3.10 4.90 0.0
UDL of pile cap 40.00 kN/m 0 8 0
Surface loads from stem 38.0 kN 3.10 4.90 0.0
Live loads from stem 271.0 kN 3.10 4.90 0.0
Soil pressure 0.0 kN/m 0 0.00 0.0
Buyoncy (as upward UDL) -17.5 kN/m 0 8 0
Water current 0.0 kN/m
Braking/Tractive force 145.6
Temperature 0.0 101.2
Seismic forces from stem 116.5 kN 3.10 4.90 371.2
Seismic forces from pile cap 5.82 kN/m 0 8 0

Unfactored loads across the axis Loaded length

Vertical loads From To Moment
Dead loads from superstructure+stem 708.3 kN 3.10 4.90 0.0
UDL of pile cap 40.00 kN/m 0 8 0
Surface loads from stem 38.0 kN 3.10 4.90 0.0
Live loads from stem 271.0 kN 3.10 4.90 74.7
Soil pressure 0.0 kN/m
Buyoncy (as upward UDL) -17.5 kN/m 0 8 0
Water current 0.0 kN/m 0.3
Braking/Tractive force 0.0
Temperature 0.0 0.0
Seismic forces from stem 116.5 kN 3.10 4.90 408.2
Seismic forces from pile cap 5.82 kN/m 0 8 0

ULS SLS
Load factors Basic Seismic Rare Quasi-permanent
Dead loads from superstructure+stem 1.35 1.35 1.0 1.0
UDL of pile cap 1.35 1.35 1.0 1.0
Surface loads from stem 1.75 1.75 1.2 1.2
Live loads from stem 1.5 0.2 1.0 0
Buyoncy (as upward UDL) 0.15 1 0.15 0.15
Water current 1.0 1.0 1.0 0
Braking/Tractive force 1.5 0.2 1.0 0
Temperature 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.5
Seismic forces from stem 0 1.5 0 0
Seismic forces from pile cap 0 1.5 0 0

The pile cap is analyzed with FE model with the above values and load factors

Results from the analsis (Factored forces)

Along the Axis Across the Axis
ULS SLS ULS SLS
Basic Seismic Rare Q,P, Basic Seismic Rare Q,P,
Critical moment 243 336 169 95 178 332 126 81
Critical shear 681 653 485 347 647 651 462 338

Material properties
Grade of concrete fck = 30 N/mm²
Grade of reinforcing steel fy = 500 N/mm²
Concrete Mean strength fcm = 40 N/mm²
Modulus of elasticity of concrete Ecm = 31187 N/mm²

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / pier_piles1 70

 Modulus of elasticity of steel rebars Es = 200000 N/mm²
Design concrete stress For ULS fcd_uls = 13.40 N/mm²
For Rare comb. fcd_rare = 14.40 N/mm²
For QPC fcd_qpc = 10.80 N/mm²
Design tensile strength of concrete fctm = 2.50 N/mm²
Design tensile stress of concrete in flexure fctd = 1.75 N/mm²
Design tensile stress of steel (for ULS) fyd_uls = 434.8 N/mm²
Design tensile stress of steel (for SLS) fyd = 400.0 N/mm²
Clear cover C= 75 mm

Main reinforcement
Along the axis Across the axis
Ø 25 @ 150 mm c/c Ø 25 @ 150 mm c/c
8 nos/meter 3927 mm² 0.25% 8 nos/meter 3927 mm² 0.25%
Check for minimum area of steel Check for minimum area of steel
0.0013*Ac 2080 0.0013*Ac 2080
Ac*0.26*fctm/fyk 2081 ok Ac*0.26*fctm/fyk 2081 ok
Check for maximum area of steel Check for maximum area of steel
.025*Ac 40000 ok .025*Ac 40000 ok

Provide similar reinforcement top and bottom Provide similar reinforcement top and bottom
Total area 7854 mm² Total area 7854 mm²
Check for maximum area of steel Check for maximum area of steel
0.04*Ac 64000 mm² ok 0.04*Ac 64000 mm² ok

d_eff = 1487.5 mm d_eff = 1513 mm

Area of distribution reinforcement at one face (IRC:112-2019. 16.3.2)

3927 mm² per meter strip 3927 mm² per meter strip
Minimum area 25% of the main reinforcement of 0.001Ac
982 mm² ok 982 mm² ok

Check for ultimate bending moment

From IRC:SP-105-2015, Ch.6

Coefficient for compressive force block (rectangle/parabolic) β1 = 0.8095
Coefficient for center of compressive block β2 = 0.4160

Ultimate design stress of concrete fcd = 0.67*fck/γs fcd = 13.40 N/mm²

γm = 1.5 εcu = 0.0035
εsu = 0.87*(fy/Es) εsu = 0.00218

Along the axis Across the axis

Limiting neutral axis Xu = 917 mm 933 mm
Limiting compression force = β1*W*fcd*Xu (for 1m strip) Fcu = 9952 kN 10119 kN
Limiting tensile force for steel 0.87*fy*Ast (for 1m strip) Tu = 1708 kN 1708 kN
Lever arm = def - β2*Xu Zu = 1106 mm 1124 mm
Limiting ultimate moment (for concrete), Fc*Zu Mu_lim (conc) = 11005 kNm 11378 kNm
Limiting ultimate moment (for steel) =Tu*Zu Mu_lim (st) = 1889 kNm 1921 kNm
Design maximum ULS moment Mu = 336 kNm 332 kNm
ok ok

Actual neutral axis for the given moment Actual X 21 mm 20 mm

(d/2β2) - sqrt[(d/2β2)² - M/(β1β2*bw*fcd)] Actual lever arm, z = 1479 mm 1504 mm

Moment of inertia of section I= 3.41E+11 mm^4 3.41E+11 mm^4

Section modulus Z= 4.27E+08 mm³ 4.27E+08 mm³
Tensile stress at the extreme fibers 0.79 N/mm² 0.78 N/mm²

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / pier_piles1 71

 Section Uncracked Section Uncracked
Check for ultimate shear
Design shear resistance without shear reinforcement (IRC:112-2019, 10.3.2 (2))

V_RDc = [0.12*K(80*ρ1*fck)^0.33 +0.15σcp]*bw*def

should not be less than [(0.031*(K^1.5) * sqrt(fck)) + 0.15σcp]*bw*def
Along the axis Across the axis
K = 1+sqrt(200/d) <= 2.0 K= 1.367 1.364
Percentage of tension steel, ρ1 (< 0.02) ρ1 = 0.0026 0.0026
Stress in concrete due to axial force σcp = 0 0
Design shear resistance V_RDc = 449 kN 453 kN
Should not be less than 404 kN 409 kN
Section ok Section ok
Ultimate design shear Vu = 681 kN 651 kN

Shear reinforcement required along the axis

Shear reinforcement required across the axis

Ignore the following calculations if shear reinforcement is not required

Shear resistance, V_RDs is minimum of

(Asw/S)*Z*fywd* Cotθ and αcw*bw*Z*ν1*(fcd/(cotθ + tanθ) (IRC:112-2019, 10.3.3.2)

Along the axis Across the axis

Strength reduction factor (1 if section uncracked) ν1 = 1.00 1.000
Coefficient for axial compression (1 for no axial force) αcw = 1.00 1.00
Lever arm z= 1479 mm 1504 mm
Limiting Shear stress for θ = 45 deg 6.70 N/mm² 6.70 N/mm²
Limiting Shear stress for θ = 21.8 deg 4.62 N/mm² 4.62 N/mm²
Applied shear stress. v_ED = Vu/(bw*z) = 0.46 N/mm² 0.43 N/mm²
ok ok

Actual angle of shear plane, θ = 0.5 Sin^(-1)*[v_ED/0.225*ν1*fck] 2.0 deg. 1.8 deg.
Hence governing angle of plane for shear design = θ= 21.8 deg. 21.8 deg.

Provide shear links Ø 16 mm fywd = 434.8 N/mm²

Along the axis Across the axis

Spacing of links per meter length 800 mm c/c 600 mm c/c
_ _
Approximate number per meter length 1.3 1.7
Asw per m strip = 342 mm² 261.4

600 Bridge axis

Curve L = 251
80
Hook length
800 1370 Radius 40

Provided shear capacity per meter strip (Asw/S)*z*fywd* Cotθ = 687 kN 712 kN
ok ok

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / pier_piles1 72

 Check for Ultimate Punching Shear

Corner pile is checked as the most critical pile

Critical loads including from pile cap Basic Seismic

Critical ULS axial force on pile N= 1608.7 1814.6 kN
Critical ULS resultant moment on pile M= 75.0 304.2 kNm

Punching shear resistance without additional reinforcement

K= 1.37
Ratio of tensile reinforcement (considered both ways) ρ1 = 0.0049
σcp = 0.0 No axial force
Nominal shear stress ν_min = 0.271 N/mm²
Resistance to punching shear ν_Rdc = 0.373 N/mm² ok

Diameter of pile D= 1000 mm 500

Effective depth of pile cap d= 1487.5 mm 500
Offset of the pile cap edge from center of corner pile 1000 mm
Overall diameter of the control perimeter 6950 mm 2975
Angle covering the control perimeter 2.155 radian
Hence length of the control perimeter u1 = 7487 mm 7.49 m
u2 = 5673 mm 5.67 m
For c1/2c2 = 0.5 k= 0.45
Sides of the equivalent square c1=c2= 886
From eq. 10.31 W1 = 1.53E+07
Basic Seismic
e_par = 0.05 0.17
From eq. 10.30 β= 1.320 1.320
Punching shear stress developed = ν_ed = 0.205 0.232
ok ok

Limit State of Serviceability

Check for stresses

(Rare combination)
Design stress of concrete for rare combination fcd_rare = 14.4 N/mm²
Design stress of concrete for Q-P combination fcd_QPC = 10.8 N/mm²
Design stress in reinforcement fyd = 400 N/mm²

Along the axis Across the axis

Bending moment for rare combination M= 169 kNm 126 kNm
Neutral axis for corresponding moment X= 9.8 mm 7.2 mm
Z= 1483 mm 1510 mm
Hence stress in steel σst = 29.0 N/mm² 21.3 N/mm²
ok ok
(Quasi Permanent combination)
Bending moment for rare combination M= 95 kNm 81 kNm
Neutral axis for corresponding moment X= 7.3 mm 6.1 mm
Z= 1484 mm 1510 mm
Hence stress in steel σst = 16.3 N/mm² 13.7 N/mm²
ok ok

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / pier_piles1 73

 Check for crack width

Constants for bond properties and strain distribution k1 k2

From (IRC:112-2019, 12.3.4.3) 0.8 0.5
Ratio of modulus of elasticity αe = 6.41

Along the axis Across the axis

Stress in steel (QPC) σsc = 16.3 N/mm² 13.7 N/mm²
Effective thickness of concrete in tensile area hc_eff = 281.3 mm 218.75 mm
Effective tensile area Ac_eff = 281250 mm² 218750 mm²
Mean value of tensile strength of concrete fct_eff = 1.75 N/mm² 1.75 N/mm²
Ratio of tensile steel to the effective tensile area of concrete ρp_eff = 0.014 0.018

εsm - εcm= -0.00046 < 0.6*σsc/Es 0.000049 -0.00037 < 0.6*σsc/Es 4.89E-05

Hence εsm-εcm= 4.889E-05 4.889E-05

Effective Bar diameter, Ø = 25 mm 25 mm
Clear cover to bars c= 100 mm 75 mm
Check maximum spacing of reinforcement, 5*(c+Ø/2) = 562.5 mm c/c 437.5 mm c/c
Provided effective spacing 150 ok 150 ok
Hence Sr_max= 3.4+0.17*dia/rp_eff = 559 mm 237 mm
Hence, Crack width, Wk=Sr_max*(εsm - εcm)= 0.03 mm 0.01 mm
< 0.3 mm, ok < 0.3 mm, ok

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / pier_piles1 74

 Bridge axis

PPC2 Ø 25 @ 150 c/c

PPC4 Ø 25 @ 150 c/c

PPC6 M30 PPC5 Ø 16

Ø 16 @ 800 along axis
4 nos @ 600 across axis
Peripheral
bars @ 300
approximate PPC1 Ø 25 @ 150 c/c PPC3
Ø 25 @ 150 c/c

Pilecap

PP3 M30 1600

Ø 12 @ 200 c/c
inside pile cap

Groove 75
PP2
Ø 12 @ 150 c/c
for upto 8.5 m from
the bottom of pile cap 16 nos, Ø 20 (PP1a)
(Critical zone) 0 nos, Ø 0 (PP1b)

PP3 17000
Ø 12 @ 200 c/c M35
at remaining portion
below critical zone

Ø 1000

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / pier_piles1 75

 Bar Schedule (Left abutment piles/pilecap)
Dia Nos Length Unit Wt. Weight

PPC1 960 7825 960 25 54 9.745 3.854 2028.09

PPC2 960 7825 960 25 54 9.745 3.854 2028.09

PPC3 960 7825 960 25 54 9.745 3.854 2028.09

7825
PPC4 960 960 25 54 9.745 3.854 2028.09

curve length = 251

PPC5 1370 curve radius = 40 16 165 2.032 1.579 529.41

hook length = 80

Approximate spacing: 800 c/c along axis 600 c/c across axis

PPC6 7850 16 4 31.4 1.579 198.32

7850
Peripheral reinforcement

Total in pile cap of one abutment8840.09

MT 8.840

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / pier_piles1 76

 Bar Schedule of piles Dia Nos Length Unit Wt. Weight

200

PP1a 18400 20 16 18.60 2.466 6605

(Full length bars) each pile all piles

0
PP1b
(Curtailed bars) 0 No curtailment 0 0 0.00 0 0
each pile all piles

PP2 12 9 151.6 0.888 1211

Dia= 838 for all piles
Pitch = 150 for critical zone
8.5m from bottom of pile cap

PP3 12 9 135.33 0.888 1082

Dia= 838 for all piles 20.3+115.03
Pitch = 200 inside pilecap
200 below critical zone

Total in piles in one abutment 8898

MT 8.90

Total in pile cap and piles in one abutment 17.74

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / pier_piles1 77

Design of stoppers Bamdi Harpan Khola bridge
(Considering impact at free end)
Ultimate factored lateral force due to earthquake = 647.2 kN
Let the thickness of the stopper be 400 mm
Let the length of stopper be 600 mm
Concrete grade 30 N/mm² fcd_uls = 13.38
Steel grade 500 N/mm² fyd = 435
Clear cover 50 mm
Diameter of main reinforcement 20 mm Unit area 314.2
Diameter of stirrups 10 mm
Height of stopper at the side of contact 600 mm
Ultimate design Moment = 194 kNm
Effective depth = 290 mm

Required reinforcement = 1710 mm² 7 nos

Approximate spacing = 83 mm c/c ok
Length to be embedded = 1200 mm

Actual area of tensile reinforcement = 2199 mm² 0.92 %

Check for shear (design as corbel)

Ultimate shear force Vu = 647.2 kN
Nominal shear Vn = Vu/0.85 Vn = 761.5 kN
Vn should be < 0.85* 0.2fck*B*d_eff 887.4 kN, > Vn, section adequate
Reinforcement required for Shear friction, Avf = Vn/(µ*fy)
Coefficient of friction µ = 1.4 (ACI 11.7.4.3)
Hence, Avf = 1088 mm²
Provided area of flexural reinforcement Af = 2199 mm²
Provided area of tensile reinforcement An = 0 (for pure tension by creep/shrinkage)
Hence total provided area of longitudinal steel, As = 2199 mm²

Check, As > or = (2/3)Avf +An 725 mm² ok

In case As < (2/3)Avf+An, provide closed vertical ties

Ah = (1/3)Avf Ah = 0 mm² Provide nominal ties
Check, Ah_min = 0.5(As - An) Ah_min = 0 mm² ok
 400

0 nos Ø 10 (ST3)
@ 0 c/c approx 4 nos, Ø 10 (ST3)

6 nos Ø 10 @ 110 c/c approx. (ST2)

600
600

300 900 7 nos, Ø 20 approx. 83 mm c/c, (ST1)

300

400

Edge of exterior girder

600

Gap 10 mm

Dia Nos Length Unit wt. Weight

ST1
300

600 90 º
1500 20 7 3 2.466 52

300
300

320
ST2
100 10 6 1.84 0.616 7
500

ST3 500 10 4 0.5 0.616 1

Total of one stopper 60 kg

 0.060 MT

Gap 10
mm Exterior Intermediate
girder girder
Seismic
stopper

Pedestals

Abutment / Pier cap

Design of bearing pedestal Pedestal provided? 1 (1 if provided, else 0)
Bamdi Harpan Khola bridge

Vertical loads on the abutment cap (from individual girder)

Load factors
Number of main girders: 2 nos
Dead load of superstructure 1.35 1580 kN
Surfacing load 1.75 133
Maximum vehicle Live load (excluding impact) 1.5 753 kN
Maximum pedestrian live load 1.5 203
Impact load 452 kN
Maximum Design load on pedestal = 3119 kN
Use concrete grade fck = 30 N/mm²
Steel grade fy 500 N/mm²
Clear cover 40 mm
Type of bearing Pot/PTFE bearing
W L
Contact area of bearing plate, = 690 530 365700 mm²
Bearing stress = 8.5 N/mm²
Allowable bearing stress, 0.8*fck 24 N/mm² ok
(IS:1343-2012, 18.6.2.1)

Size of pedestal Across the bridge axis W= 890 mm

Along the bridge axis L= 730 mm
Height H= 200 mm
* To match the height of ballast wall, the pedestal thickness shall be suitably modified

Design for bursting stress

Size of the loaded area = 2Ypo= 530 mm
2Yo = 730 mm
Ypo/Yo = 0.73
Unisng Table 13.1 of IRC:112-2019 (interpolating) Fbst/P = 0.115
Hence bursting force, Fbst = 358.1 kN

Provide a cage with Ø 10 mm @ 150 mm approx. bothways 78.5

Number of bars along longer dimension 7 nos Other side 6 nos
Area = 550 mm²
Area of steel required = Fbst/0.87*fy 823 mm²
Hence additional reinforcement required = 273 mm²

Provide 1 layers mesh 10 mm @ 150 mm c/c bothways 78.5

Provided number along longer dimension 7 nos Othe side 4
Area = 550 mm² ok

Overall dimension of the mesh 800 mm

640 mm

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan/pedestal 81

 Bridge axis
730

890

Ø 10 mm cage reinforcement @ 150 c/c

1 nos Ø 10 mm mesh @ 150 c/c bothways (PED 1, PED 2)
(PED 3)

200 Abutment/Pier cap top

Bar schedule (for One pedestal) Dia Nos Length Unit wt. Weight

810
PED 1 560 10 6 2.330 0.62 8.6
200

650
PED 2 560 10 7 2.170 0.62 9.4
200

800

PED 3 640
10 1 9.12 0.62 5.6

Pitch 150 mm bothways

1 layers

23.6
0.024

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan/pedestal 82

Bar Bending Schedule of Approach Slab (For One slab) Bamdi Harpan Khola bridge

Dia Length Unit wt.

SN Sketch Label Nos Weight (kg)
(mm) (m) (kg/m)
3400
1 AS1 12 102 3.40 0.888 307.958
7500
2 AS2 12 48 7.50 0.888 319.680
7500
3 AS3 10 14 7.50 0.616 64.680

4 495 AS4 10 34 2.550 0.616 53.407

720
Total 745.726
Total in one approach slab 1 MT 0.746

7590

3500 Ø12 AS2, Top & Bottom

Ø12 AS1, Top & Bottom

Thickness of approach slab = 300 mm
Concrete grade, M 30

Raised footpath provided both sides

1000

800
Ø 10 @ 150 mm c/c, (AS3)

275 Ø 10 @ 200 mm c/c, (AS4)

Additional reinforcement in case raised footpath is provided on approach slab

Summary of concrete grades and covers in substructure

Concrete grade Clear cover

Abutment stem, Return walls M 30 75
Abutment pile cap M 30 75
Abutment piles M 35 75

Pier cap M 30 75
Pier stem M 30 75
Pier pile cap M 30 75
Pier piles M 35 75
 Quantity Calculation (substructure / foundation)
Bamdi Harpan Khola bridge

Foundation
S.N Particular Unit Nos. Length Breadth Height Area Quantity Total
. Quantity
Excavation in all kinds of soil

Left abutment cu.m 1 8.00 11.00 3.09 271.92

Right abutment cu.m 1 8.00 11.00 3.09 271.92
Pier(s) cu.m 1 8.00 8.00 1.60 102.40

Total Earthwork excavation in foundation 646.24

Excavation in hard rock

Left abutment cu.m 0 8.00 11.00 3.09 0.00
Right abutment cu.m 0 8.00 11.00 3.09 0.00
Pier(s) cu.m 0 8.00 8.00 1.60 0.00

Total excavation in hard rock 0.00

M15/20 concrete leveling course

Left abutment cu.m. 1 8.00 11.00 0.10 8.80
Right abutment cu.m. 1 8.00 11.00 0.10 8.80
Pier(s) cu.m. 1 8.00 8.00 0.10 6.40

Deduct area covered by piles

Left abutment 12 1.00 0.10 0.785 -0.94
Right abutment 12 1.00 0.10 0.785 -0.94
Pier(s) 9 1.00 0.10 0.785 -0.71

Total PCC leveling course 21.41

PCC works in pile caps

Left Abutment pile cap, M30 cu.m. 1 8.00 11.00 1.60 140.80
Right Abutment pile cap, M30 cu.m. 1 8.00 11.00 1.60 140.80
Pier(s) pile caps, M30 cu.m. 1 8.00 8.00 1.60 102.40

Total PCC in pile caps 384.00

PCC works in piles

Left abutment piles, M35 cu.m. 12 1.00 18.00 0.79 169.65

Right abutment piles, M35 cu.m. 12 1.00 18.00 0.79 169.65
Pier piles, M35 cu.m. 9 1.00 20.00 0.79 141.37

Total PCC in piles 480.66

Reinforcement in pile caps

Left abutment MT 1 8.634 8.634

Right abutment MT 1 8.634 8.634
Piers MT 1 8.840 8.840
Total Reinforcement in pile caps 26.108
Reinforcement in piles

Left abutment all piles MT 1 8.90 8.898

Right abutment all piles MT 1 8.90 8.898
Piers all piles MT 1 8.90 8.898

Total Reinforcement in piles 26.693

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / Qty_APS 85

 S.N Particular Unit Nos. Length Breadth Height Area Quantity Total
. Quantity
Formwork
Left Abutment pile cap
Vertical face sq.m. 2 8.00 1.60 25.6
Vertical face sq.m. 2 11.00 1.60 35.2 60.80
Right Abutment pile cap
Vertical face sq.m. 2 8.00 1.60 25.6
Vertical face sq.m. 2 11.00 1.60 35.2 60.80
Pier(s) pile cap
Vertical face sq.m. 2 8.00 1.60 25.6
Vertical face sq.m. 2 8.00 1.60 25.6 51.20

Total Formwork in foundation 172.80

Substructure

PCC works in substructures

Left abutment, M30

Stem (upto the bottom of abutment cap) cu.m. 1 8.40 1.20 4.72 47.61
Abutment cap cu.m. 1 8.40 1.70 0.60 8.57
Ballast wall cu.m. 1 8.40 0.50 2.59 10.86
Heel side hunch cu.m. 1 8.40 0.50 2.00 0.50 8.40
Approach slab corbel rectangular portion cu.m. 1 7.60 0.25 0.25 0.48
triangular portion cu.m. 1 7.60 0.25 0.25 0.50 0.24
Return walls
rectangular portion cu.m. 2 2.50 0.40 1.50 3.00
triangular portion cu.m. 2 2.50 0.40 1.69 0.50 1.69 80.83

Right abutment, M30

Stem (upto the bottom of abutment cap) cu.m. 1 8.40 1.20 4.72 47.61
Abutment cap cu.m. 1 8.40 1.70 0.60 8.57
Ballast wall cu.m. 1 8.40 0.50 2.59 10.86
Heel side hunch cu.m. 1 8.40 0.50 2.00 0.50 8.40
Approach slab corbel rectangular portion cu.m. 1 7.60 0.25 0.25 0.48
triangular portion cu.m. 1 7.60 0.25 0.25 0.50 0.24
Return walls
rectangular portion cu.m. 2 2.50 0.40 1.50 3.00
triangular portion cu.m. 2 2.50 0.40 1.69 0.50 1.69 80.83

Pier cap, M30

Top rectangular portion cu.m. 1 5.57 4.10 0.75 17.13
Bottom triangular portion cu.m. 2 1.89 4.10 0.85 0.50 6.57
Central bottom rectangular portion cu.m. 1 1.80 4.10 0.85 6.27 29.97

dia
Pier stem, M30 cu.m. 1 1.80 3.72 2.54 9.47 9.47

Approach slab, M30 cu.m. 2 3.50 7.60 0.30 15.96 15.96

Pedestals M30 cu.m. 8 0.89 0.73 0.20 1.04 1.04

Stoppers M30 cu.m. 8 0.60 0.40 0.60 1.15 1.15

Total PCC in substructure 219.26

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / Qty_APS 86

 S.N Particular Unit Nos. Length Breadth Height Area Quantity Total
. Quantity

Reinforcement (from the bar schedule)

Left abutment MT 1 5.789 5.789
Right abutment MT 1 5.789 5.789
Piers MT 1 3.661 3.66
Approach slab MT 2 0.628 1.255
Pedestals MT 8 0.024 0.189
Stoppers MT 8 0.060 0.479
Total Reinforcement in substructure 17.160

Formwork

Left abutment
For stem sq.m. 2 8.40 4.72 79.35
sq.m. 2 1.20 4.72 11.34
90.68

For abutment cap sq.m. 2 8.40 0.60 10.08

sq.m. 2 1.70 0.60 2.04
12.12
For ballast wall
Front face sq.m. 1 8.40 2.59 21.71
back face sq.m. 1 7.6 2.09 15.85
Side faces sq.m. 2 0.50 2.59 2.59
Corbel vertical portion sq.m. 1 7.60 0.25 1.90
Corbel inclined portion sq.m. 1 7.60 0.25 1.90
43.95
For Return walls
rectangular portion sq.m. 4 2.50 1.50 15
triangular portion sq.m. 4 2.50 1.69 0.5 8.43
Vertical face sq.m. 2 0.40 1.50 1.2
Inclined face sq.m. 2 0.40 3.01 2.412
27.04 173.78

Right abutment
For stem sq.m. 2 8.40 4.72 79.35
sq.m. 2 1.20 4.72 11.34
90.68

For abutment cap sq.m. 2 8.40 0.60 10.08

sq.m. 2 1.70 0.60 2.04
12.12
For ballast wall
Front face sq.m. 1 8.40 2.59 21.71
back face sq.m. 1 7.6 2.09 15.85
Side faces sq.m. 2 0.50 2.59 2.59
Corbel vertical portion sq.m. 1 7.60 0.25 1.90
Corbel inclined portion sq.m. 1 7.60 0.25 1.90
43.95
For Return walls
rectangular portion sq.m. 4 2.50 1.50 15
triangular portion sq.m. 4 2.50 1.69 0.5 8.43
Vertical face sq.m. 2 0.40 1.50 1.2
Inclined face sq.m. 2 0.40 3.01 2.412
27.04 173.78

Pedestals sq.m. 8 3.24 0.20 5.18 5.18

Stoppers sq.m. 8 2 0.600 9.60 9.60

Pier(s)

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / Qty_APS 87

 S.N Particular Unit Nos. Length Breadth Height Area Quantity Total
. Quantity
Pier shaft (circular) sq.m. 1 5.65 3.72 21.05
Pier Cap
Rectangular side faces sq.m. 2 5.57 0.75 8.36
Triangular side faces excl. middle part sq.m. 4 1.89 0.85 0.5 3.20
Middle part within the stem sq.m. 2 1.80 0.85 3.06
End faces sq.m. 2 4.10 0.75 6.15
Bottom faces sq.m. 2 2.07 4.10 16.96 58.78

Total formwork for substructures 421.13

4 Filter material behind abutment

Left abutment cu.m 1 7.60 0.6 7.91 36.06
Right abutment cu.m 1 7.60 0.6 7.91 36.06 72.12

5 Geotextile behind abutments

Left abutment sqm 1 7.60 7.91 60.10
Right abutment sqm 1 7.60 7.91 60.10 120.2

6 Graded backfill, Ø= 35º

Left abutment cu.m 1 8.40 66.80 561.1
Right abutment cu.m 1 8.40 66.80 561.1 1122.2

5 Weep holes
Left abutment rm 28 1.20 33.6
Right abutment rm 28 1.20 33.6 67.20

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / Qty_APS 88

 S.N Particular Unit Nos. Length Breadth Height Area Quantity Total
. Quantity
Quantity summary
Bamdi Harpan Khola bridge

Foundation
SN Particulars Unit Quantity
1 Excavation in all type of soil cum 646.24
2 Excavation in hard rock cum 0.00
3 PCC works
M10 cum 0.00
M15 cum 21.41
M20 cum 0.00
M25 cum 0.00
M30 cum 384.00
M35 cum 480.66
M40 cum 0.00

4 Reinforcement MT 52.801
5 Formwork sqm 172.80

Substructure
SN Particulars Unit Quantity
1 PCC works
M10 cum 0.00
M15 cum 0.00
M20 cum 0.00
M25 cum 0.00
M30 cum 219.26
M35 cum 0.00
M40 cum 0.00
M45 cum 0.00

2 Reinforcement MT 17.160
3 Formwork sqm 421.13
4 Filter material behind abutment cum 72.12
5 Geotextile behind abutments sqm 120.2
6 Graded backfill, Ø= 35º cum 1122.2
7 Weep holes rm 67.20

Abutment Pier Piles Harpan / Qty_APS 89