Mark Scheme (FINAL)

November 2021

Pearson Edexcel GCE In A level Further

Mathematics
Paper 9FM0/3D- Decision 1
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November 2021
Publications Code 9FM0_3D_2111_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2021
General Marking Guidance

 All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners

must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as
they mark the last.
 Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must
be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather
than penalised for omissions.
 Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not
according to their perception of where the grade boundaries
may lie.
 There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark
scheme should be used appropriately.
 All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be
awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if
deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme.
Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if
the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to
the mark scheme.
 Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will
provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and
exemplification may be limited.
 When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the
mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader
must be consulted.
 Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate
has replaced it with an alternative response.

EDEXCEL GCE MATHEMATICS

General Instructions for Marking

 1. The total number of marks for the paper is 75.

2. The Edexcel Mathematics mark schemes use the following types of

marks:

 M marks: method marks are awarded for ‘knowing a method and

attempting to apply it’, unless otherwise indicated.
 A marks: Accuracy marks can only be awarded if the relevant method
(M) marks have been earned.
 B marks are unconditional accuracy marks (independent of M marks)
 Marks should not be subdivided.

3. Abbreviations

These are some of the traditional marking abbreviations that will appear in the
mark schemes.

 bod – benefit of doubt

 ft – follow through
 the symbol will be used for correct ft
 cao – correct answer only
 cso - correct solution only. There must be no errors in this part of the
question to obtain this mark
 isw – ignore subsequent working
 awrt – answers which round to
 SC: special case
 oe – or equivalent (and appropriate)
 dep – dependent
 indep – independent
 dp decimal places
 sf significant figures
  The answer is printed on the paper
 The second mark is dependent on gaining the first mark

4. All A marks are ‘correct answer only’ (cao.), unless shown, for example,
as A1 ft to indicate that previous wrong working is to be followed
through. After a misread however, the subsequent A marks affected are
treated as A ft, but manifestly absurd answers should never be awarded
A marks.
Questi
Scheme Marks AOs
on

1(a) …, D, Y, B, U, C B1 1.1b

(1)

(b)

M1 2.1

Or list of arcs: AU, AV, BV, CW, CX, DX, EY

e.g., select (and label) AU (as I) and the arcs that intersect AU are BV,
EY, CW and DX (so label them O so AU(I), AV, BV(O), CW(O), CX, A1 1.1b
DX(O), EY(O))
Edges BV and CW intersect and so the graph is not planar (oe) A1 2.2a

(3)
(4 marks)

Notes:
(a)
B1: CAO (CVEXAWDYBUC) – must return to C

(b)
M1: Either draws their Hamiltonian cycle from part (a) as the edges of a polygon and shows the
remaining arcs intersecting inside OR lists the arcs that are not part of the Hamiltonian cycle
A1: Selects any arc (that is not part of the Hamiltonian cycle) and lists/references the correct arcs
that intersect with this selected arc – dependent on any correct Hamiltonian cycle and correct arcs
that are not part of this cycle
A1: cao – based on their initial arc selection, states the two arcs that are unlabelled (or that are
labelled with the same label) which intersect each other (e.g., if CX chosen as the initial selection
then this arc intersects with BV, EY and AV but EY and AV intersect) and concludes that the graph
is not planar. This mark is dependent on the correct Hamiltonian cycle stated in either (a) or (b)
Questi
Scheme Marks AOs
on

2(a)

M1 2.1

A1 1.1b

M1 1.1b

A1 1.1b

(4)

(b) M1 1.1b

…= 3.22… therefore 4 workers A1 2.2a

(2)

(c)
e.g.

M1 2.1

A1 1.1b

A1 1.1b

(3)
(9 marks)

Notes:

(a)
M1: All top boxes completed, number generally increasing L to R (condone one “rogue”)
A1: cao - top boxes (including zero at the source node)
M1: All bottom boxes completed, numbers generally decreasing R to L (condone one “rogue”)
A1: cao - bottom boxes (including zero at the sink node)
(b)
M1: Attempt to find the lower bound (71  10) / their completion time (a value of 3.2… seen with
no working can imply this mark)
A1: cso - correct calculation seen or 3.2 followed by 4. An answer of 4 with no working scores
M0A0

(c)
M1: Not a cascade chart, 4 ‘workers’ used at most and at least 9 different activities placed
A1: 4 workers. All 13 activities present (just once – so if an activity appears for two different
workers and is happening at the same time this is A0). Condone at most two errors. An activity can
give rise to at most three errors; one on duration, one on time interval and only one on IPA
A1: 4 workers. All 13 activities present (just once). No errors

Activity Duration Time Interval IPA

A 4 0–4 -
B 6 0–8 -
C 10 0 – 15 -
D 2 4–9 A
E 4 4–8 A
F 5 8 – 15 B, E
G 6 8 – 15 B, D, E
H 7 8 – 15 B, E
I 2 8 – 16 B, E
J 7 15 – 22 G, H
K 6 13 – 22 C, F, I
L 7 13 – 22 C, F
M 5 13 – 22 C, F
Questi
Scheme Marks AOs
on

3(a) M1 1.1b
Prim’s starting at A: AH, AB, DH; CD, CE; DG, EF A1 1.1b
A1 1.1b
(3)

(b) Weight of MST is 183 (miles) B1 2.2a

(1)

(c) NNA: J – F – E – C – D – H – A – B – G – J B1 1.1b

Upper bound is 267 (miles) B1 2.2a

(2)

(d) 183 + 27 + 25 =… M1 3.1b

… = 235 (miles) A1 2.2a

(2)
(8 marks)

Notes:

(a)
M1: First three arcs correctly chosen in order {AH, AB, DH, …} or first four nodes correctly
chosen in order{A, H, B, D,…}. If any rejections seen at any point then M1 (max) only. Order of
nodes may be seen at the top of the matrix {1, 3, -, 4, -, -, -, 2} so please check the top of the matrix
carefully
A1: First five arcs correctly chosen in order {AH, AB, DH, CD, CE, …} or all eight nodes correctly
chosen in order{A, H, B, D, C, E, G, F}. Order of nodes may be seen at the top of the matrix so for
the first two marks accept {1, 3, 5, 4, 6, 8, 7, 2} (do not condone any missing numbers e.g. the
number 8 must be above F)
A1: cso – all arcs correct stated and chosen in the correct order. Candidates must be considering arcs
for this final mark (do not accept a list of nodes or numbers across the top of the matrix unless the
correct list of arcs (in the correct order) is also seen)

(b)
B1: cao (183)

(c)
B1: cao (for route – must return to J)
B1: cao (for upper bound of 267)

(d)
M1: Their answer to (b) + 27 + 25 (the two smallest arcs incident to J)
A1: cao (235)
Questi
Scheme Marks AOs
on

4(a) Initial time matrix

A B C D E F
A - 57 95 150 63 230
B 57 - 72 132
C 95 72 - 289 160 125
D 150 289 - 84 B1 1.1b
E 63 132 160 84 - 191
F 230 125 191 -

(1)

(b) 1st iteration:

A B C D E F
A - 57 95 150 63 230
B 57 - 72 207 120 287
C 95 72 - 245 158 125
D 150 207 245 - 84 380 M1 1.1b
E 63 120 158 84 - 191
F 230 287 125 380 191 - A1 1.1b
A B C D E F
A A B C D E F
B A B C A A A
C A B C A A F
D A A A D E A
E A A A D E F
F A A C A E F

(2)

(c) Route must start and finish at B, E therefore need to consider pairings of
M1 3.1b
the other four odd nodes (A, C, D and F)
AC + DF = 95 + 275 = 370
A1 1.1b
AD + CF = 147 + 125 = 272*
A1 1.1b
AF + CD = 220 + 242 = 462
Repeat arcs: AE, DE and CF A1 2.2a

(4)

(d) Length: 1648 + 272 = 1920 (minutes) B1 2.2a

(1)
(8 marks)
Notes:

(a)
B1: Correct distance table (condone dashes, crosses, etc. for infinity but do not condone a ‘large’
number in these cells or these cells left blank)

(b)
M1: No change in the first row and first column of both tables with at least two values in the
distance table correctly reduced and two letters in the route table correctly changed – all cells
complete
A1: cao

(c)
M1: Either the correct three pairings of the correct four nodes A, C, D and F or recognises that as
the route begins at B and finishes at E that only the nodes A, C, D and F need to be considered
A1: Two rows correct including pairings and totals
A1: All three rows correct including pairings and totals
A1: selecting the shortest pairing, and stating that these arcs (AE, DE and CF) should be repeated.
Must be these arcs and not e.g., AED or AD via E, etc.

(d)
B1: cao
Questi
Scheme Marks AOs
on

5(a)
e.g., middle right pivot(s)

30 12 5 2 23 18 36 10 15 24 M1 1.1b
30 23 36 24 18 12 5 2 10 15
A1 1.1b
36 30 23 24 18 12 5 10 15 2
36 30 24 23 18 12 15 10 5 2 A1ft 1.1b
36 30 24 23 18 15 12 10 5 2
A1 1.1b

Therefore, the sort is complete

(4)

(b) The 5 has been put in Bin 2 rather than Bin 1 which indicates that the
size of the bins is less than 30 + 12 + 5 = 47 and so therefore B1 3.1a

The fact that there is still room for the 2 in Bin 1 indicates that B1 2.4

The 18 cannot fit in Bin 2 and so therefore which B1 2.2a

implies that n is either 44 or 45
(3)

(c) Bin 1: 36 5 2
M1 1.1b
Bin 2: 30 15
A1 1.1b
Bin 3: 24 18
A1 1.1b
Bin 4: 23 12 10
(3)
(10 marks)

Notes:

(a)
M1: Quick sort, pivot, p, chosen (must be choosing middle left or right – choosing first/last item as
the pivot is M0). After the first pass the list must read (values greater than the pivot), pivot, (values
less that the pivot). If only choosing one pivot per iteration then max of M1 only – Bubble sort is
not a MR and scores M0
A1: First pass correct and next pivots chosen correctly for the second pass (but the second pass does
not need to be correct)
A1ft: Second and third passes correct (follow through from their first pass and choice of pivots).
They do not need to be choosing a pivot for the fourth pass for this mark
A1: cso (correct solution only – all previous marks in this part must have been awarded) including
‘sort complete’ statement
If list sorted into ascendng order then mark as a MR

(b)
B1: Correct reasoning why or n < 47 or or n < 46 - condone an argument which is
mathematical in nature only e.g., n < 30 + 12 + 5 or n < 5 + 23 + 18
B1: Correct reasoning why - condone ‘largest bin filled is 44 so ’ or other similar
mathematical argument. This mark can be awarded for an argument which is mathematical in nature
only e.g.,
B1: Completely correct reasoning for why n is either 44 or 45 only – this mark is dependent on the
two previous B marks and must give sufficient detail (so an argument that contains no clear
explanation of why certain inequalities hold cannot score this mark)

(c)
No MR or follow through in this part
M1: First five values placed correctly - with at least eight values placed (the squared values)
A1: First eight values places correctly with no additional/repeated values (the squared and
underlined values)
A1: cso - no additional/repeated values

Middle left pivot(s)

30 12 5 2 23 18 36 10 15 24
30 36 24 23 12 5 2 18 10 15
36 30 24 23 12 5 18 10 15 2
36 30 24 23 18 12 5 10 15 2
36 30 24 23 18 12 10 15 5 2
36 30 24 23 18 12 15 10 5 2
36 30 24 23 18 15 12 10 5 2

Therefore, the sort is complete

Questi
Scheme Marks AOs
on

6(a)(i)

M1 1.1b

A1 1.1b

A1 1.1b

A1ft 1.1b

Shortest path from A to H: ABEFGH A1 2.2a

(a)(ii) Length of shortest path from A to H is 112 A1ft 2.2a

(6)

(b) Applying Dijkstra repeatedly to n nodes implies that the order is

B1 3.1b

M1 3.4

= 656 (seconds) A1 2.2a

(3)

(c) e.g. order of does not mean that the order is proportional to (which
is the assumption behind the answer in (b)) but merely means that the B1 3.2b
dominant term is of order
(1)
(10 marks)

Notes:
In (a) it is important that all values at each node are checked very carefully – the order of the
working values must be correct for the corresponding A mark to be awarded e.g. at H the
working values must be 129 118 112 in that order (so 129 112 118 is incorrect)
It is also important that the order of labelling is checked carefully – some candidates start with
a label of 0 at A (rather than 1) – which is fine. Also the order of labelling must be a strictly
increasing sequence – so 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, … will be penalised once (see notes below) but 1, 2, 3, 5, 6,
… is fine. Errors in the final values and working values are penalised before errors in the
order of labelling

(a)
M1: A larger value replaced by a smaller value in at least two of the working boxes at either D or F
or G or H
A1: All values in A, B, C and E correct. Condone lack of 0 in A’s working value
A1: All values D and F correct and the working values in the correct order. Penalise order of
labelling only once per question (D and F must be labelled in that order and D must be labelled after
A, B, C and E)
A1ft: All values in G and H correct on the follow through and the working values in the correct
order. Penalise order of labelling only once per question. To follow through G check that the
working value at G follows from the candidate’s final values from their feeds into G (which will
most likely come from nodes C, D and/or F (in the order in which the candidate has labelled them))
and that the final value, and order of labelling, follows through correctly. Repeat this process for H
(which will possibly have working values from C, F and/or G with the order of these values
determined by the candidate’s order of labelling at C, F and G)
A1: cao - correct path from A to H (ABEFGH)
A1ft: Follow through their final value at H only (if 112 stated and 112 is not the final value at H
then A0)

(b)
B1: Any indication that repeated application of Dijkstra has cubic order
M1: Complete method – allow 10/200 – allow slips in values e.g. 0.82 for 0.082 and accept 200/10
(or 10/200) either squared or cubed only
A1: cao

(c)
B1: Any indication that the run-time is not exactly proportional to e.g., may suggest that there are
other terms (n3 + …), or that n3 is the dominant term, or that order does not imply proportionality.
Do not accept only that ‘n3 is not exact’. Condone use of n2 (oe) for n3
Questi
Scheme Marks AOs
on

7(a) Activity Immediately preceding activities

A -
B - B1 1.1b
C -
D A
E A
F A B1 1.1b
G B, F
H B, C, F
(2)

(b)
e.g.

M1 2.1

A1 1.1b

A1 1.1b

A1 1.1b

(4)

(c) If all activities have the same duration then any critical path must contain B1 2.4
5 activities. All paths that pass-through D have only 4 activities and so
therefore D cannot be critical. B1 2.4

(2)
(8 marks)
Notes:

(a)
B1: Either row G or H correct
B1: All rows correct (condone blanks in A, B and C rows)

(b)
Condone lack of, or incorrect, numbered events throughout. ‘Dealt with correctly’ means that the
activity starts from the correct event but need not necessarily finishes at the correct event, e.g. ‘K
dealt with correctly’ requires the correct precedences for this activity, i.e. E, G and H labelled
correctly and leading into the same node and K starting from that node but do not consider the end
event for K. Activity on node is M0
Assume that a solid line is an activity which has not been labelled rather than a dummy (even if in
the correct place for where a dummy should be)

Ignore incorrect or lack of arrows on the activities for the first three marks only
(b) M1: At least five activities (labelled on arc), at least two dummies placed
A1: Activities I, J, K and first dummy + arrow dealt with correctly
A1: Activities L, M, N and a second dummy + arrows dealt with correctly
A1: cso – all arrows present for every activity with one finish and exactly three dummies. Note that
this is not a unique solution e.g. M and N could be interchanged so please check these carefully.
Please check all arcs carefully for arrows – if there are no arrows on any dummies then M1
only
Note that additional (but unnecessary) ‘correct’ dummies that still maintain precedence for
the network should only be penalised with the final A mark if earned

For reference:

Activity I J K L M N
IPA D, E, G, H D, E, G, H E, G, H I, J, K J, K J, K

(c)
B1: Explains that all critical paths must contain 5 activities (oe method e.g., attempting a forward
and backward pass with each activity having the same duration)
B1: cao that D cannot be critical with mention of all paths through D only contain 4 activities (oe
method e.g., showing that the total float on activity D is not zero)

SCB1 – stating or implying that D has a float of 1 (oe) by considering a forward pass (which may or
may not be done mathematically) up to at least activity D
Questi
Scheme Marks AOs
on

8(a) B1 3.3
M1 3.3
A1 1.1b
B1 1.1b

Maximise B1 3.3

(5)

(b) M1 2.1
A1 1.1b

B1 2.5

M1 2.1
e.g.

b.v z Value

1 1 1 1 0 0 0 39
M1 3.3
2 2 0 1 0 0 0
A1 2.2a
1 0 1 0 0 1 28

P 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0

(6)

(c) The only negative in the objective row is the so the pivot is from the B1 2.4
z-column

B1 2.2a
The 5 in the row is the pivot because is less than
 (2)

(d)
b.v. Value Row Ops B1 1.1b
0 1 0 1 0 1 11 R1
M1 2.1
0 0 1
R2
A1 1.1b
1 0 0 0 R3
A1 1.1b
0 0 0 0 R4

Spend 15.6 hours swimming, 11 hours cycling and 12.4 hours running A1 3.2a

(5)
(18 marks)

Notes:

(a)
B1: cao ( )

M1: where is any inequality or equals

A1: cao
B1: cao ( )
B1: Correct objective function ( plus ‘maximise’ or ‘max’ but not ‘maximum’

(b)
M1: One constraint re-formulated as an equation using slack variables – dependent on either the
first B mark in (a) or the M mark in (a)
A1: cao (both constraints)
B1: constraint re-formulated as an equation using one surplus and one artificial variable

M1: Formulates second objective with and their expression for

M1: Setting up the initial tableau – all five rows complete with two correct rows (but ignore b.v.
column for this mark)
A1: cao (any equivalent correct form)
(c)
B1: Correct reasoning that the pivot is a value from the z-column – condone any mention of negative
value in P row

B1: Correct justification of why the 5 in the row is the next pivot – so must compare or state that
12.4 is less than 28 (not sufficient to just say that 12.4 (oe) is the least)

(d)
B1: Pivot row correct including change of b.v.
M1: All values in one of the non-pivot rows correct or one of the non zero and one columns

( or value) correct (from their choice of pivot)

A1: Row operations used correctly at least twice, i.e. two of the non zero and one columns ( or
value)
A1: For all values and row operations correctly stated – do not penalise lack of correct b.v. in pivot
row twice. Condone blank Row Ops in the first row only
A1: Correct allocation of training times – must be in context (so not just in terms of x, y and z)