ANNA UNIVERSI TY CHENNAI

Regulation 2021

EC3492-DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

(Theory cum Lab course- Manual)

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

MATLAB / EQUIVALENT SOFTWARE PACKAGE

1. Generation of elementary Discrete-Time sequences

2. Linear and Circular convolutions
3. Auto correlation and Cross Correlation
4. Frequency Analysis using DFT
5. Design of FIR filters (LPF/HPF/BPF/BSF) and demonstrates the filtering operation
6. Design of Butterworth and Chebyshev IIR filters (LPF/HPF/BPF/BSF) and demonstrate the filtering
operations

DSP PROCESSOR BASED IMPLEMENTATION

1. Study of architecture of Digital Signal Processor

2. Perform MAC operation using various addressing modes
3. Generation of various signals and random noise
4. Design and demonstration of FIR Filter for Low pass, High pass, Band pass and Band stop filtering
5. Design and demonstration of Butter worth and Chebyshev IIR Filters for Low pass, High pass, Band
pass and Bandstop filtering
6. Implement an Up-sampling and Down-sampling operation in DSP Processor

TOTAL: 60 PERIODS
 INDEX
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

S. No Date Name of the Experiment Page no Marks Signature

1 Generation of Discrete Time Signals

2 Correlation of Sequences

3 Linear and Circular Convolutions

4 Spectrum Analysis using DFT

Design of FIR Filters

5a
(rectangular window design)
Design of FIR Filters
5b
(Hanning window
design)
6a Design of IIR Butterworth Filters

6b Design of IIR Chebyshev Filters

7 Study of Architecture of Digital

Signal Processor
MAC Operation using
8
Various Addressing Modes
Generation of various signals and
9
random noise
10 Design of FIR Filters

11 Design of IIR Filters

12a Up-sampling

12b Down-sampling
INTRODUCTION TO MATLAB

MATLAB is a software package for high-performance language for technical computing.

It integrates computation, visualization, and programming in an easy-to-use environment where
problems and solutions are expressed in familiar mathematical notation. Typical uses include the following

1. Math and computation

2. Algorithm development

3. Data acquisition

4. Modeling, simulation, and prototyping

5. Data analysis, exploration, and visualization

6. Scientific and engineering graphics

7. Application development, including graphical user interface building

The name MATLAB stands for matrix laboratory. MATLAB was originally written to provide easy
access to matrix software developed by the LINPACK and EISPACK projects. Today, MATLAB
engines incorporate the LAPACK and BLAS libraries, embedding the state of the art in software for
matrix computation.
MATLAB has evolved over a period of years with input from many users. In university environments,
it is the standard instructional tool for introductory and advanced courses in mathematics, engineering,
and science. In industry, MATLAB is the tool of choice for high-productivity research, development,
and analysis.
MATLAB features a family of add-on application-specific solutions called toolboxes. Very
important to most users of MATLAB, toolboxes allow learning and applying specialized technology.
Toolboxes are comprehensive collections of MATLAB functions (M-files) that extend the MATLAB
environment to solve particular classes of problems. Areas in which toolboxes are available
include Image processing, signal processing, control systems, neural networks, fuzzy logic,
wavelets, simulation, and many others.
The main features of MATLAB
1. Advance algorithm for high performance numerical computation ,especially
in the Field matrix algebra
2. A large collection of predefined mathematical functions and the ability to
define one’s own functions.
3. Two-and three dimensional graphics for plotting and displaying data
4. A complete online help system
5. Powerful, matrix or vector oriented high level programming language for
individual applications.
6. Toolboxes available for solving advanced problems in several application areas
 Ex. No: 1
Date :
GENERATION OF DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS

AIM:

To generate a discrete time signal sequence (Unit step, Unit ramp, Sine,
Cosine, Exponential, Unit impulse) using MATLAB function.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

HARDWARE :Personal Computer

SOFTWARE : MATLAB

PROCEDURE:
1. Start the MATLAB program.
2. Open new M-file
3. Type the program
4. Save in current directory
5. Compile and Run the program
6. If any error occurs in the program correct the error and run it again
7. For the output see command window\ Figure window
8. Stop the program.

MATLAB CODE (GENERATION OF BASIC DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS)

% program for generation of unit sample

clc;clear all;close all;

t = -3:1:3;
y = [zeros(1,3),ones(1,1),zeros(1,3)];
subplot(2,2,1);
stem(t,y);
ylabel('Amplitude------>');
xlabel('n ------>');
title('Unit Impulse Signal');

% program for generation of unit step of sequence [u(n)- u(n)-N]

t = -4:1:4;
y1 = ones(1,9);
subplot(2,2,2);
stem(t,y1);
ylabel('Amplitude------>');
xlabel('n ------>');

title('Unit step');
% program for generation of ramp sequence

n1 = input('Enter the value for end of the sequence '); %n1 = 7 %

x = 0:n1;
subplot(2,2,3);
stem(x,x);
ylabel('Amplitude------>');

xlabel('n ------>');
title('Ramp sequence');

% program for generation of exponential sequence

n2 = input('Enter the length of exponential sequence '); %n2 = 7 %

t = 0:n2;
a = input('Enter the Amplitude'); %a=1%
y2 = exp(a*t);
subplot(2,2,4);
stem(t,y2);
ylabel('Amplitude------>');
xlabel('n ------>');
title('Exponential sequence');

disp('Unit impulse signal');y

disp('Unit step signal');y1
disp('Unit Ramp signal');x
disp('Exponential sequence');y2

OUTPUT:
Enter the value for end of the sequence
7
Enter the length of exponential sequence
6
Enter the Amplitude
5
Unit impulse signal

y =

0 0 0 1 0 0 0

Unit step signal

y1 =

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Unit Ramp signal

x =

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Exponential sequence

y2 =

1.0e+13 *
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0072 1.0686

% GENERATION OF INPUT SIGNALS

clc;
% UNIT IMPLUSE
X=-10:1:10;
Y=((X-0)==0);
subplot(7,1,1);
stem(x,y);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('amp');
title('unit impluse');
% DELAYED UNIT IMPLUSE
X=-10:1:10;
Y=((X-4)==0);
subplot(7,1,3);
stem(x,y);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('amp');
title('delayed unit impluse');
% UNIT STEP
X=-10:1:10;
Y=((X-0)>=0);
subplot(7,1,5);
stem(x,y);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('amp');
title('unit step');

% DELAYED UNIT STEP

X=-10:1:10;
Y=((X-4)>=0);
subplot(7,1,7);
stem(x,y);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('amp');
title('delayed unit impluse');
%EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION
figure(2);
x=0:0.01:10;
subplot(7,1,1);
plot(x,exp(x));
xlabel('t');
ylabel('amp');
title('exponential function');
% RAMP FUNCTION
x=0:1:20;
y=0:1:20;
subplot(7,1,3);
plot(x,y);
xlabel('t');
ylabel('amp');
title('ramp function');
% RAMDOM FUNCTION
x=rand(1,10);
%y=rand(1,10);
subplot(7,1,5);
plot(x);
xlabel('t');
ylabel('amp');
title('random function');
%SINUSOIDAL FUNCTION
t=linespace(0,2*pi,1000);
disp( ' INPUT ');
disp(' ');
a=input('enter the amplitude :');
f=input('enter the frequency :');
th=input('enter the angle :');
theta=th*pi/180;
y=a*sin((2*pi*f*t)+theta);
subplot(7,1,7);
plot(t,y);
xlabel('t');
ylabel('amp');
title('sinusoidal function');
%COSINUSOIDAL FUNCTION
figure(3);
t=linespace(0,2*pi,1000);
disp( ' INPUT ');
disp(' ');
a=input('enter the amplitude :');
f=input('enter the frequency :');
th=input('enter the angle :');
theta=th*pi/180;
y=a*cos((2*pi*f*t)+theta);
subplot(7,1,1);
plot(t,y);
xlabel('t');
ylabel('amp');
title('cosinusoidal function');

Model output signals:

RESULT:
Thus the given signals are generated and the outputs are verified for unit impulse, unit step, delayed unit
step, Exponential, Sine wave, Cosine Wave, Ramp and Random function.