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IP CHEM

The project investigates the foaming capacity of various soap brands to determine their cleaning effectiveness. The experiment compares foaming capacity using distilled and tap water, concluding that Santoor has the highest foaming capacity while Lux has the lowest. Tests for hardness in water showed no presence of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ salts, indicating the tap water used was soft.

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2 views

IP CHEM

The project investigates the foaming capacity of various soap brands to determine their cleaning effectiveness. The experiment compares foaming capacity using distilled and tap water, concluding that Santoor has the highest foaming capacity while Lux has the lowest. Tests for hardness in water showed no presence of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ salts, indicating the tap water used was soft.

Uploaded by

iamadvikamathur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

AIM: Foaming capacity of various soaps.

NAME: Advika Mathur


CLASS: 11th
SECTION: D(ACE)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I’d like to take this opportunity to express my


gratitude to my teacher who gave me this golden
opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic
“Foaming capacity of various soaps.” which also
brought me across many new things.
I would also like to thank my parents and friends for
their inexhaustible source of inspiration and support.
INDEX
INTRODUCTION

Soap samples of various brands are taken


and their foaming capacity is noticed. Various
soap samples are taken separately and their
foaming capacity is observed. The soap with
the maximum foaming capacity is thus, said to
be having the best cleaning capacity. The test
requires to be done with distilled water as well
as with tap water. The test of soap on distilled
water gives the actual strength of the soaps
cleaning capacity. The second test with tap
water tests the effect of Ca²+ and Mg²+ salts
on their foaming capacities.
THEORY

The foaming capacity of soap depends upon the


nature of the soap and its concentration. This
may be compared by shaking equal volumes of
solutions of different samples having the same
concentration with same force for the same
amount of time. The solutions are then allowed
to stand when the foam produced during shaking
disappears gradually. The time taken for the
foam to disappear in each sample is determined.
The longer the time taken for the disappearance
of the foam for the given sample of soap, greater
is its foaming capacity or cleansing action.

MATERIALS REQUIRED
▪ Five 100ml conical flasks
▪ Five test tubes
▪ 100ml measuring cylinder
▪ Test tube stand
▪ Weighing machine
▪ Stop watch
▪ Five different soap samples
▪ Distilled water
▪ Tap water
PROCEDURE
i. Five 100ml conical flasks, five test tubes,
100ml measuring cylinder, test tube stand,
weighing machine, stop watch.
ii. Warm the contents to get a solution.
iii. Take five test tubes; add 1ml of soap solution to
3ml of water. Repeat the process for each soap
solution in different test tubes.
iv. Close the mouth of the test tube and shake
vigorously for a minute. Do the same for all test
tubes and with equal force.
v. Start the timer immediately and notice the rate of
disappearance of 2mm of froth.
vi. Record all observations in tabular form.
Start the timer immediately
and notice the rate.
OBSERVATION
RESULT
The cleansing capacity of the soaps taken is in
the order:
Santoor > Dove > Lux
From this experiment, we can infer that Santoor
has the highest foaming capacity, in other
words, highest cleaning capacity. Lux, on the
other hand is found to have taken the least
amount of time for the disappearance of foam
produced and thus is said to be having the least
foaming capacity and cleansing capacity.
➢ Test for hardness in water
Test for Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ salts in the water supplied.
➢ Test for Ca²⁺ in water
H₂O + NH₄Cl + NH₄OH + (NH₄)₂CO₃ (No precipitate)
➢ Test for Mg²⁺ in water
H₂O + NH₄Cl + NH₄OH + (NH₄)₃PO4₄ (No precipitate)

The tests show negative results for the presence of the


salts causing hardness in water. The water used does not
contain salts of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ . The tap water provided is
soft and thus, the experimental results and values hold
good for distilled water and tap water.
Bibliography
www.wikipedia.org
www.google.com
www.yahoo.com
https://www.icbse.com

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