eae’ ih oar Csde ‘RAJSHAH! UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 4" Year Even Semester Examination 2019 COURSE NO: CSE 4f01 COURSE TITLE: Computer Graphics and Animations FULL MARKS: 72 TTIME: 3 Hours NB. () Answer any SIX questions taking any THREE from each section, (i) Figures inthe right margin indicate full marks. O) (ii) Use separate answer script foreach section. sr A SECTION: A Marks QI. (@)_ Write down the differences between LCD and LED based display systems of modern 04 time. According to your observations discus the disadvantages of CRT display (b) Define the resolution of an image, Compute the resolution of a 2x2 inch image that 04 as $12%512 pines ; (©) Devve the transformation that rotates an objet point 0* about the origin. Write the 04 rat representation forthe rotation, 2 GE a6, Sena conv li fom ial Conn (4) 0 pl coon (105) wing 05 Bresenham’s ine drawing algorithm. )_ What are the steps required to sean-convertacrele using tigonometfi method? Ot Elaborate the transformation methods throughout the 3D rendering pipeline. 6 ao Distinguish between geometie transformations and coordinate transformations with 02% example. i Magnify the tangle with vertices A(00), B(L,L) and C(5,2) to twice is size while 06 _Recping CS,2) fined : Prove that successive rotations ae aditive ost 24)" Desite te tnsomaion M, hich cfc an et tt ine of Consider a vector V=[1 2 -1 ].Now find out whether the given vectors parallel to 05 the plane xsy"+32= 5, or not AO) Find the matrix that represents th rotation ofan object by 30 degree about the eign. g3! What are the new coordinates of the point (2-4) afte the rotation? 3 TON QF 4), Reset the Suen Hodgman polygon tiying lori, 05 » Clip the lines by region coding according to the given window: oF « a3) Gul) Write short notes on: () Blending, (i) Antialiasng, 3 Q6. a} Elaborate the concepts: ()Isometic projection, 03 Gi) Trimet projection. vvrngh BY Writes program to draw acitele with mimbers of acai Open. 0s 4p) Explain the basic primitives in OpenGL: (Vertex, (i) Line, 4 7, ( Givenaplaexdxitnn7 and atine Titel GO Polygon. (@) Given aplane x#2y+4z=7 and alin passing through Qil-l 2 2)and al 3-1]: 05 @) Does the ine intersect the plane? SN CIEE 2 AI and Qalt 3 -I (i) does, then find the point of intersection, (®) Write down the necessity ofthe callback funtion in OpenGL, 2 (©) Write down the pseudo code procedure to implement the Boundary fill algorithm, 08 using 4-conneced definition for region pixels 8. (G” Whatarethe relationships among Re, Re and Re?, a £8) “OpenGL is platform independent” explain he sttement 6 (©) What isthe importance of fog in comptes graphs? Explain the fo equations. 4 9) Describe the working principles of OpenGL and OpenGL. ppelgg @ +9 Best Wishes 44 °, “ hae tort wo, a %‘| : ‘ ‘ | sepael Heaven's tghh Be Uhr Cottle RAJSHAHI UNIVERSITY OF CNGINCCRING & TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCILNCL U CNGINELRING 4" Yoor Even Semoster Cxamnation 2018 COURSE NO: CSE 4201 © COURSL TITLL: Computer Graphics and Animations FULL MARKS: 72 TIME: 3 IRS N.B. (i) Answer any SIX questions taking any THREE fiom each section, (ii) Figures in the right margin Indicate full mals. (iii) Use separate answer script for cach section, Qt. @) Q2. (b = (c (a) (b) (c) Q.3. JA 0.4. Q5. 2.6. v1 (a) (b) (c) (a) (b) (a) (b) (c) SUCTION | A What is homogeneous coordinate? Show thiee different homogencous coordinate for 2 the 30 point(5,2, -3), Write short note on the following terms- 6 1) Rectangular Arrays ol Pixcls fi) Vector Graphics iil) Polygonal Modeling What is affine transformation? Delve the matilx representation of alfine 4 transformation. What is the Geld body of transfor mation) Mention some of Its properttes. 2 Find the matrix for minor reflection with respect to the plane passing through the = 4 origin and having a normal vector whose direction InN sd JK. The objective defined by the coordinates A(0,0,0),1(1,0,0),6(0,1,0) and D(0,0,1) Is 6 rotated by 45° about the line NM with polnt N at (6,--2,0) and point A at (12,0,0) along the direction N to M. Find the coordinates of the rotated object. C. h. G6 Write down the necessary a to find out the coordinates of the Intersection 4 points in line cli ae 4) ony + iced) i) if the boundary line i is vertical A in ore ii) if the boundary line is horizontaday. Meine my, Bed 4 = Ma Reflect the diamond shaped polygon whose vertices are A(=1,0), DO, =2), C(1,0) 3 and D(0,2) about the line y = x +2. ¢,- Sheldon cooper us a famous actor. He firids out he has a problem with his sitting = 5 arrangement. He defines his room with 3D coordinate system) where lily sufu Is located at (5,2,3). To check his comfort level he wants lo perform the following operations. What will be the position of sofa for each operation? i) Translate by (8,7,6) Ch- C ii) Rotate with respect to Z axis by 30°. iii) Mirror reflect with respect to X axis. What are the three major adverse side effects of scan conversion? Explain bricily. ch +93 Let the radius of a circle be r = 7.25. Now, find out the raster locations which = 5 would be chosen by midpoint circle algorithm while scan converting the 4" octant of thatcircle. (HY Draw the cube representation of RGB color system. Why don't we use RGBinkin 4 7 printers? Ch- = SECTION : B a Briefly explain the OpenGL rendering pipeline with block diagram. th -1 col) Consider an unit cube which is projected onto the xy plane and the COP is at 8 (0,0,-d). i) Firstly determine the coordinates of the unit cube. ii) Then generate the necessary projection matrix considering the above scenario. iii) Finally find out the projected image coordinates of the unit cube using the generated projection matrix in (ii) with d = 10, A color is defined as RGB(25,168,210). What will be equivalent of the color in 6 following representations- (i) CMY (ii) CMYK (iii) H ch- 2 Ross had a wedding with Emily at London. But, their marriage was called off due to 3 some misunderstandings. Ross wants to make it up to Emily by giving her roses. Ross is standing at (15,12,-13) and Emily lives at (13,7,12). Rose store is located at (10,3,2). Write the plane equation where Ross, Emily and rose store are on. Arya stark shoots an arrow parallel to the direction 6f+4)- 3k.What is the equation of line formed by the arrow?Q7, Q8. (a) (b) (c) (d) (a) (b) (c) mn, Write necessary OpenGL code to get the active MODELVIEW or PROJECTION matrices, How do you transform only one object in a scene using OpenGL? Use OpenGL Statements to explain. What are the pros and cons of using glFrustum() versus gluPerspective()? Why should you want to use one over the other? Determine the total transformation applied on the single point object V considering the following code segment, glMatrixMode(GF_MODELVIEW); glLoadidentity(); glMultMatrixf(N); glMultMatrixf(M); glMultMatrixf (L); glBegin(GL_POINTS); glVertex3f(v); glEnd(); Describe the role of double buffer in animation. How can you use double buffer in 4 OpenGL? Write the 4 x 4 transformation matrix for the transformation T defined below- 3 T(1,0,0) = (2,0,1) 1(0,1,0) = (1,1,0) T(0,0,1) = (0,2,2) Write a program using OpenGL that draws two trian in clockwise direction and triangle-2 by 2° in anti-clockwise direction in each frame, (Hint: use double buffer) ete 2 4 4 2 gles, Then rotates trinale-1 by 2-5"Heaven's Light Is Our Guide RAJSHAHI UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY 4 -2 13 serzies DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING COURSE No: 4” Year Even Semester Examination 2017 ENO: CSE 4201 — COURSE TITLE: Computer Graphics and Animations . FULL MARKS: 72 TIME: 3 HRS -B. (i) Answer any SIX questions taking any THREE from each section. (ii) Figures in the right margin indicate full marks. (iii) Use separate answer script for each section. SECTION: A Q1. What {s an image's aspect ratio? If we want to resize 4 1024x768 image toone that 4 is 640 pixels wide with the same aspect ratio, what would be the height of the resized image? Ch— 2— (bf Indicate which raster locations would be chosen by Bresenham’s algorithm when 5 scan-converting a line from pixel coordinate (1, 1} to pixel coordinate (8, 5). ¢h3 (c). Why scan conversion is performed in graphics system? What are the adverse side 3 effects of it? 0 he3 Q.2. What types of geometric transformations are performed in 2:D object drawing? 4 plain with example. (h-4 Sov dixingi between geometric transformations and coordinate transformation in = 3 se of translation. Ch_4 p/Wasrily the triangle with vertices A(0, 0), B(1, 1) and C(5, 2) to twice its size while 5 keeping C(5, 2) fixed. Ch- 4 (A-¥) Q.3. (a) Find a transformation A; which aligns a given vector ¥ with the vector X along the 8 positive Z axis. OF Find the transformation for mirror reflection with respect to the xy plane. h—4 > Q4. oh Using the Liang-Barsky algorithm to clip the lines in the following figure. 6 B11, 10) Ch a) ~- —ymar-8 E(-1.7) A(11,6) Ymin=2 FU) Xmin=1 Xmax=9 (b) Derive the general perspective transformation onto a plane with reference point 6 Ro(Xe,YoZ0), normal vector W =n,/'+ naj +n3K and using C(a,b,c) as the center of projection. Refer to the following figure. N=nlt+nzf+n3k Ch-# P(x,y,2) SECTION : B Q.5. (a) What is the necessity of hidden surface removal in 3D object drawing in OpenGL? = 4 Write a segment of OpenGL code to explain how the hidden surface can be removed. (b) Given points P; (1, 2, 0), Pz (3, 6, 20) and P; (2, 4, 6) and a viewpoint C(0, 0, -10), 4 determine which point obscure the others when viewed from C. (c) What is the default position for camera in OpenGL? If viewing transformation is 4 specified with gluLookAt() then where will be the camera be placed? wamanane?———E>——_—_—eEE7~x q SO ee Q6. Q7, QB. (a) How the light position can be fixed in OpenGL drawing in each of the mi 1) Independently moving the light. fi) Moving the light source mee " mg cam pt a a ens window foveupot mapping in the form of a composite transformation (a) Let P(p,q) be the view plane coordinates of a point on the view plane. Find the world coordinates P X,Y,Z) of the point. . 7 Most implementatier Of OpenGL has a similar order of operations, a series a Processing stages called the OpenGL rendering pipeline. Describe the Open rendering pipeline. J£) Why are hidden-surface algorithms needed? (d) What are the three major adverse side effects of scan conversion? (a) How do we load the following matrix where M, are floating values? my Ms my my m2 Ms My my M=/m; m, M1 M5 ™ Ma ma m5 @f Explain the following terms according to Diffuse, iii) Specular, iv) Emission, What do you mean by attenuation of a light? How, do you set position and attenuation of a light in OpenGL? (d) How does OpenGL calculate RGB values for light and materials? OpenGL Programming. i) Ambient, ii) ete 2 2Heaven's Light Is Our Guide f RAJSHAHI UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 4" Year 8” Semester Examination 2016 COURSE NO: CSE 801 COURSE TITLE: Computer Graphics FULL MARKS: 70 TIME: 3 HRS (i) Answer any SIX questions taking any THREE from each section. (ii) Figures in the right margin indicate full marks. : (iii) Use separate answer script for each section. N.B, SECTION: A Qt. ar What is resolution of an image? Compute the resolution of 2x2 inch image that has 3 | . 512x512 pixels. @ph-2— (b) Describe Delta shadow mask of CRT system. C}y- 2 4 As Find the CMY coordinates of a color at (0.2,1,0.5) in thn fied space Ifwepee direct 2 coding of RGB values with 2-bits per memory color, how many possibla mators do we have for each pixel? @ ,-2— ; ‘ (d) What is meant by homogeneous coordinate system? How can one homorenize a % point? ! Q.2. (a)-Define random scan display and raster scan display. 3 Write short note on (i) Translation, (ii) Rotation and (iii) Scaling eh-4 3 Consider the transformation necessary to scale a 2-dimentional object centered at 42 (-1,3) by 4 in the y-direction, The resulting object still to be centered at (-1,3). thc 4. g ) List the sequence of steps necessary to accomplish this transformation, aii) Write the individual transformation matrices needed to implement each of the steps in (i) using homogencous coordinates, ili) Compute the composite transformation matrix which will accomplish the entire transformation. Q3. Using Liang-Barskey algorithm chip the lines of the following figure. 5 . 5 M-5 12 q ' uf | 10 } 013,10) i 8(11,h0) 9 : h(a, b) Yner =Y 9 f 7 6 5 4 3 Yin = 2 = 1 0 Xmin = 1 Xmax = 9 (by Reflect the diamond shaped polygon whose vertices are A(-1,0), B(0,-2), C(1,0) and x | D(0,2) about the herizental line yexey, co! Show that reflection about the line is attained by reversing coordinates that is 2 Moxy) CW A ; Q.4. (a) Using the origin as the center of Projection, derive the perspective transformation 4 onto the plane passing Sa a the point Ro(x,¥9,29) and having the normal vector Enitnyenjk. Ch- (b) What are the principal vanishing points for the standard Perspective transformation? a 3 ! ch— Wr Explain Sutherland Hodgman polygon clipping algorithm with appropriate example, % é SECTION : B . Q.5. oo Cott the following terms in OpenGL; 2 i) Rendering and ii) Bitplane Ch- L941) (b) Why do we use glEnablet) and glDisable() functions? Explain with an example, 2 — — Che | COGL)’— EO ee Eee x2 Bl) (c) Explain each statement of the following code: Ch- | / » Hinclude SincludesGL/glut .h> void display (void); int main (int argc, char** pave it(fargc, argv . ae tDisplayiode (GLUT_SNGLE|GLUT_RGB) ; glutInitWindowSize (250,250) ;\ glutInitWindowPosition (100,100); glutCreateWindow (“hello”) ; glutDisplayFunc(display) ; glutMainLoop () ; return 0; WOIKH RYN ee Onmo: ) 14. void display (void) { 1s. glClear (GL COLOR_BUFFER_BIT) ; . 16. glFlush(); ~ 17.) Q6. (a) Which functions are used for completion of drawing? Explain with exampu., (b) Why do we use the following sequence of commands: glCleareColor(0.0,0.0,0,0); glClearDepth(1, 0); glClear (GL_COLOR_ (c 2 a a 3 a | v B & a °o eS oO 2 5 = = a s sg EI = Q.7. (a) Why do we use the depth buffer? (b) Explain the following terms: i) Ambient ii) Diffuse iii) Specular iv) Emission (c) Explain the following command using an example; (d) What do you mean of light in OpenGL? glLightModel*() by attenuation of light? How do yoursét position and attenuation Q.8. (a) How does OpenGL calculate RGB Values for li (b) The color Produced by lighting a vertex is ¢ ‘Omputed based on the following terms i) Material Emission, ii) Scaled Global-A mbient Light 2nd iii) Contribution from Light sources. How does OpenGL calculate these terms? Explain the following portion of a code; GLfloat mat_amb_diff(]=(0.1,0.5,0.8,1.0); glMaterialty (GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, SL_AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE, Mat_amb diff); ghts and materials? (c oe 7. “Heaven's Light is our Guide" Rajshahi University of Engineering and ‘Technology H.Se. Eugincering 4th Year 8" Semvster Examination, 2015 Department of Computer Science and Engincering Course No. CSE 801 Course : Computer Graphics Vall Marks: 70. ‘Time: THREE (03) hours Ni. Atowee SIX questions faking ‘THREE from cach section, The questions are of equal value. Ase separate answer script for cach section. SECTION A Qifa) Derive the ganeratized projective transformation matrix. (b) Determine the positions along the circle oclant In the first quadrant fom x =Vlox=y by the midpoint circle algorithm. Assume, the radius ofthe circle R=10. € n-Z (c) Desenbo the differences between perspective and parallel projection. Po Clip tho lines wilh respect lo the given window: GL) (3.6) (1,2) (-1.1) (-4.2) . (b) Draw the lina by delermining the intermediate points between the 2 points (1,1) and (8,5). i ax + des ject Oz travelling wilh Q3{a) Given an object O; specified by 2x + + 3x =6 and another abject O; trave “ te) consiant speed and along the direction [1 1 — 1)". Determine the probability tnat O, and O, may avoid any collision / , (b) Consider 3 vectors F, = |0 0 of wm alr2 aI", ald 2 1)". Determine the elements of the 4x4 transformation matrlx thut aligns vector P,P, wilh Z-axis and vector 2,1’, in the positive hall YZ plane. Use the co-ordinale system: | X is parallel to the while board, ¥ points lo UP, Z points from the while board to yourself. (ec) ato down the eifferencus belwaun rigid-buuy Iransformation and affine (ranslormation, Qala) Expfain Ihe scan conversion in compuler graphics? c nr3 What is the difference between modeling and rendering? Wale down the significance of vanishing point linear perspective view. (a) What Is viewport trapping? Q5{a) What are the different lypes of OpenGL libraries? Provide two examples of conimandsMunctions with brief description from each lype of libraries, Ch-! co ! (u) Explain ihe procedure to construct an orthogonal frame salisfying all (he following enienon (1) The camera/eye is al the origin (ii) 2 basis vector corresponds to (he viewing direclion. (ili) UP vector points to the head-up direction. (c) What is matrix stack in OpenGL? How can you gel the slack to be operated on for (i) modeling and (1) projective transformations. (a) Consider 3 points (2,1,2), (3,3,3) and (4,2,2) of a triangle, Construct a composile transtormalion matrix M that performs the following operations sequentially i.e. 0) al first Iranslates (2,1,2) to the origin, (ii) then places (3,3,3) on +ve Y-axis. (in) and finally places (4,2,2) on (-,-) region of XY plane. 4b) Describe Ihe steps required lo find te tnirror reflection wilh respect lo the plane passing {vaugh the origin and having the normal vector VN =f4j+h. Also write down the glainents af (ho transformation matrix. (c) Whal is the dofaull position for Ihe camera in OpenGL? . QHa) Deseribo the meaning of the following values as parameter: () GL_TRINGLE_STRIP (ii) GL_POINT (nl) GL_QUAD_STRIP (iv) GL_TRIANGLE_FAN (b) What ts the OpenGL rendaring pipeline? Explain. (c) Unully describe RGBs and color Index inode in OpenGL. (4) Cxptain the Redraw function in OpenGL. ‘ Of{a) Describe Sulherland-Hodgman polygon clipping algoritlim. (b) Willa short note on: (i) Blanding (i) Antiahasing und (ii) Fog. (c) “OpenGL iy an AM |*, oxplain the statement. o4 og 03 o6 O54 04 Og 03 03 03 03 O24 ogh 03 04 ods 03 04 ox o2 O2 05 03 03% Pauel/a é Wav at Vata te aty a NWoad eUlee tbe \ -s A V austin entige ss Ve clainatiyss ’ \ Writes A na, foe TeV quttialiattin, J) soe | VWs yeavtinne nit LV apts Hata ON Daphien vinge vy i Vere CM MD tama Tithe wunpettee Cini Vuln at ine Vv (Wp hott ! UJ AT Wow ah Wootton TAT Age Ut ve Chemin ca tea cae | VUou vv nthanie ats wl aqua alin | Nae MA AUS ng NOUV vot Ae haa | \ ' WECTION AN VU Uescattos th al ttn dh tba adnate Web sta tlowd Mee TD esata gt ye FD 4 WA Uvecatt Wie anvatticnnattiat w UM ho aa pamalle | papertnan te baa WV Vosvathy qoteqea tine tutte cavtih (wept ynne a rt th / ya 5 Chi / ASST TE we vat Wet Eagle Mota Gu Foomne the vesedyen ant ame UU tI nye, ath What aie he vat atatgation wh te pled a th Bans drnas tht bat dhe gwer ell Vite hast Mi santald nay yD vey What sh 8 ane: teptitin tee pole tine itive Alege’ Fa between 8 al AV teadia © Meessatants aniline py N AY Util anit Whee That cas aattinnate ab a fiptne batiteerd tay en vation (LL UD, ASSAD al CHU ater atatheat et aae ainlie die No alliee than mind Cee tonic in ¥ ati Hany SJE vee aoe Ee Ee ewe vation Anka feveh, tp tal: nepuenostation, haw qunyt entiten 2 Show thee Lana aye tao fhavae! ‘) je Chey AN Qe What te utes glane pian Agee Eh PyHnT dethied Pye the qaeoudiniten 6 ATUL UR LT VOC TD be revtintien) EV" aatonneat lise ine Be thert fheve thee Wie He VEER tel psavatigy thoenyply the pli CULM ce Hee}. tid the eas SE wniatinnttys aL UAL iatatd pane, 1 , e en, \ AX | 44 ye oes We Mya 4 / ye Y “ {wo * ya ‘ ' \ ¥ I, Ry ! " WIT AV Hoa nbes the ativan tities ITA aljeatutitan? @ ye Pha A) tHcy the hommop enone titutirmation anatileen (ine the Fallow lings: J . iN) Veavwsdiatiots hay: thie verte Pye U8], ‘4 Wh Ravtatlony aneventel thie prodint f,0 0), ANE (AYN ty ovference point ant steve plate none? Wille down mathematlent 4 sloscryption af perspee tive puafeetion (WY What ive the puimetphe canistiings protity tor tae standard perspective i Waitniation? a4 QO Whi its easier ty feate hihden anuiace when ptallel projeetton ts repuleedy S$? & "ye AU Ph nye ait sti centenarians ane avklittve, ‘ 2 ALCTION AL _\ol - , BD) JAN Lesqilatiy the Here Dalle Putte tage’ Pheer ttn thie jnnpwree at ehoabty bulfeatnp 4 ¢ n- S/éh- Cog) AUP What ca APE at hy ds WOypETT INE? MOOT Ina propels hinpnape, Whoa APE Ty phain Ww) Lowe the pont rediaw the contents af the wladaw when you reskee 12 Uxplain a? Wuietly atau the Ametlons ave for this pinpase, Ndo Ga) What us the: tanysant ati at att fey ft pent! Wale dow thee (op cqitatlons In ROMA: d ‘ Wooler ttl attr inden make, WV Whavtas HMtenstiny' Wate hau the Abnificanee af satire ind dentinathon fietoes of 4 ne WMersting # I. | i ' + us UP NCTA tes Tis neta te tonhe ite agoenie al Hyper ane cnstietings a paiuitive praly pon? “WP a ann tue est pals reticular,Q7. (n) Lixplain polygon construction rule with exam ple. (b) Lxplain line strippling. Trinngles strips. and ‘Tria (c) What is “wobbling illusion”? Hos iL cam be removed? Qs. gf Wa are the meaning of the allowing geomeltie prinil i) GI_ITRANG ii) GL_QUAD iii) GLLLINE_Loor, 1 FAN. Give graphical representation ofeach of them. : . ) What is matrix stack? How can you gel the sack fo he apened ann upenCil. ~N 4 nple fins. yw ive Lypes in apenGil: 3 45 (ef What is bit plane? How the RGIS component of a vertex is determined for the bit 2 / planes? : * ae ae 3 int 2 Give an axis of rotation I, be specilied by 0 dircelianal vector + and a point r Write down the steps required to obtaiy ation of aabout Le +o4 * 3