12 Political Science SP 05f
12 Political Science SP 05f
Maximum Marks: 80
Time Allowed: : 3 hours
General Instructions:
1. The question paper consists of five sections (A, B, C, D and E) with 30 questions in total.
2. All questions are compulsory.
3. Question numbers 1-12 are multiple choice questions of one mark each.
4. Question numbers 13-18 are of 2 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 50-60 words each.
5. Question numbers 19-23 are of 4 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 100-120 words each. There is
an internal choice in two of the 4 marks questions
6. Question numbers 24-26 are passage, cartoon and map-based questions. Answer accordingly.
7. Question numbers 27-30 are of 6 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 170-180 words.
8. There is an internal choice in 6 marks questions.
i. 26 Allied nations fighting against the Axis Powers meet in Washington, D.C
ii. Signing of the Atlantic Charter
iii. 189 member countries in IMF
iv. Lebanon crisis
a) iii, i, ii, i
b) iv, iii, ii, i
c) ii, i, iv, iii
d) iii, iv, i, ii
2. The state which has achieved nearly total literacy in India is:
a) Manipur
b) Andhra Pradesh
c) Tamil Nadu
d) Kerala
3. Identify the political party which lays emphasis on the idea of one country, one culture and one nation.
4. Which among the following developmental model had least supporters in India?
List-1 List-2
(a) Corporate sector (i) MNCs opening retail chains in India, locals may lose their livelihood
(b) Retail sector (ii) Hollywood movies dominating over Bollywood movies
(c) Entertainment sector (iii) Extremists threatening students who wear Western clothes
6. Assertion (A): Movement of the people of Hyderabad State against the Nizam's rule had gathered force and momentum.
Reason (R): Peasantry and women joined hands against the oppressive rule of the Nizam.
7. When did India sign a 20-year Treaty of Peace and Friendship with the Soviet Union?
a) 1975
b) 1978
c) 1971
d) 1972
8. After the death of Lal Bahadur Shastri, there was an intense competition for the post of Prime Minister between Indira
Gandhi and which one of the following?
a) Morarji Desai
b) K. Kamaraj
c) S. Nijalingappa
d) V.V. Giri
9. After second World War, the world was divided into the blocks of
11. Which political party came to power in Jammu and Kashmir in 1952?
a) National Conference
b) Communist Party of India
c) Indian National Congress
d) Kashmir National Congress
12. In Nepal, there was a violent conflict between the armed forces of the King and
a) Political activists
b) Maoist guerrillas
c) Armed military forces
d) People's representatives
SECTION- B (12 MARKS)
14. Analyse any two benefits of multiparty coalition system adopted in India.
15. Highlight any four outcomes of the Earth Summit held in June 1992 at Rio.
16. What does ‘Aaya Ram, Gaya Ram’ stand for in Indian politics?
17. Describe any two efforts made by the Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru to establish contacts between India and other
newly independent countries.
18. Bring out three differences between the Socialist parties and the Communist party.
To practice more questions & prepare well for exams, download myCBSEguide.com App. It provides complete study
material for CBSE, NCERT, JEE (main), NEET-UG and NDA exams. Teachers can use Examin8.com App to create
similar papers with their own name and logo.
21. Explain the concept of ‘common property resource’ with the help of an example from India.
OR
What is meant by environment? Highlight the difference between the ‘Global North’ and ‘Global South’.
“Globalisation has shifted power from nation states to global consumers.” Justify the statement.
23. Which three lessons do we learn from regional aspirations and their accommodation as an integral part of democratic
politics? Describe.
a) Indo-Pak negotiations
b) SAARC Summit
c) Indo-Soviet Treaty
d) Indo-Sri Lanka Accord
iii. What could have been the topic of concern and discussion in the given context?
a) Problem of unemployment
b) Kashmir Conflict
c) Problem of terrorism
d) Both Kashmir problem and terrorism
iv. In In July 2001 there was a summit held between the two concerned countries which turned out to be futile. It was
held in ________.
a) Lahore
b) Peshawar
c) New Delhi
d) Agra
Sr. No. of the information used Concerned Alphabet Name of the State
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
i. The state which has been bifurcated in two Union Territories recently.
ii. The state where Rajiv Gandhi - Longowal Accord was signed.
iii. The state to which Laldenga belonged.
iv. The state from where the Dravidian Movement started.
26. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow: (1+1+2)
The acceptance of the principle of linguistic states did not mean, however, that all states immediately became linguistic
states. There was an experiment of ‘bilingual’ Bombay state, consisting of Gujarati- and Marathi-speaking people. After
a popular agitation, the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat were created in 1960. In Punjab also, there were two linguistic
groups: Hindi-speaking and Punjabi-speaking. The Punjabi-speaking people demanded a separate state. But it was not
granted with other states in 1956. Statehood for Punjab came ten years later, in 1966, when the territories of today’s
Haryana and Himachal Pradesh were separated from the larger Punjab state. Another major reorganisation of states took
place in the north-east in 1972. Meghalaya was carved out of Assam in 1972. Manipur and Tripura too emerged as
separate states in the same year. The states of Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh came into being in 1987. Nagaland had
become a state much earlier in 1963.
i. Name the original state from which Gujarat was carved out?
a. Saurastra
b. Junagarh
27. What were the major consequences of the disintegration of the Soviet union for countries like India?
OR
‘India and the USSR enjoyed a special relationship during the Cold War, which led critics to say that India was a part of
the Soviet camp.’ Do you agree? Support your answer with any two arguments.
28. How did the European countries resolve their post-Second World War problem? Briefly outline the attempts that led to
the formation of the European Union.
OR
While the Chinese economy has improved dramatically, why has everyone in China not received the benefits of the
reforms? State any three reasons.
OR
Highlight any three factors that are responsible for the rise of Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) as a strong political party after
1991.
30. The opposition to Emergency could keep the Janata Party together only for a while. Evaluate.
OR
Solution
2. (d) Kerala
Explanation:
Kerala has achieved nearly total literacy, long life expectancy, low infant and female mortality, low birth rates, and high
access to medical care.
7. (c) 1971
Explanation:
1971
Shastri’s Prime Ministership came to an abrupt end on 10 January 1966, when he suddenly expired in Tashkent.
Following which Congress faced the challenge of political succession as there was an intense competition between
Morarji Desai and Indira Gandhi.
10. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
National Conference
During the nineties, the Maoists of Nepal were successful in spreading their influence in many parts of Nepal. They
believed in armed insurrection against the monarch and the ruling elite. This led to a violent conflict between the Maoist
guerrillas and the armed forces of the king.
13. Governments are very sensitive to the balance of power between their country and other countries. They do work hard to
maintain a favourable balance of power with other countries, specially those close by, those with whom they have
differences, or with those they had conflicts in the past. To maintain a balance of power, a country must build its military
power. Economic and technological power are the basis for military power.
(any TWO)
i. The environmental issues were brought into the focus of global politics.
ii. A list of development practices called “Agenda 21” were recommended.
iii. There was a focus on sustainable development.
iv. The rich and the developed countries pursued different agenda than the poor and developing environmental countries
of the third world.
16. 1. The phrase ‘Aaya Ram, Gaya Ram’ implied amazing feat of floor crossing achieved by Gaya Lal, an MLA in
Haryana, in 1967.
17. The two efforts made by the Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru to establish contacts between India and other newly
independent countries were:
i. Throughout the 1940s and 1950s Nehru hade been an ardent advocate of Asian Unity.
ii. India made earnest efforts for the early realisation of freedom of Indonesia from the Dutch colonial regime by
convening an international conference in 1949 to support its freedom struggle.
To practice more questions & prepare well for exams, download myCBSEguide.com App. It provides complete study
material for CBSE, NCERT, JEE (main), NEET-UG and NDA exams. Teachers can use Examin8.com App to create
similar papers with their own name and logo.
SECTION-C (20 MARKS)
i. Terrorism: Refers to political violence that targets civilians deliberately and indiscriminately. International terrorism
involves the citizens or territory of more than one country. The classic cases of terrorism involve hijacking planes or
planting bombs in trains, cafes, markets and other crowded places.
ii. Human rights have come to be classified into three types. The first type is political rights such as freedom of speech
and assembly. The second type is economic and social rights. The third type is the rights of colonised people or
ethnic and indigenous minorities. While there is broad agreement on this classification, there is no agreement on
which set of rights should be considered as universal human rights, nor what the international community should do
when rights are being violated.
iii. Global Poverty is another source of insecurity.
iv. Poverty in the South has also led to large-scale migration to seek a better life, especially better economic
opportunities, in the North. This has created international political frictions.
20. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are the goals with measurable targets and clear deadlines for improving
the lives of the world's poorest people.
1. Anti-terrorism initiatives.
3. Environmental Protection.
21. The concept of common property displays the similar and common property for group. The rule is that the participants of
the group have both rights and duties related to nature, levels of use and maintenance of given resources.
Example:
i. With the help of common belief and long-term practice, many village communities in India have set out rights, and
responsibilities of members.
ii. A combination of factors including privatisation, population growth and ecosystem degradation have affected the
poor masses to a great extent.
iii. The international requirement for the conservation of the sacred groves on state-owned former forest land is an
example of the common property resources, which have been traditionally conserved by village communities.
iv. The management of the sacred groves along the forest belt of South India, sacred groves have been traditionally
managed by village communities.
OR
Environment :It signifies the relationship between nature and scale of development. It is based on the concept of
ecological balance which states that proper care should be taken during the process of industrialisation, so that minimum
harm is caused to nature.
The developed countries want to discuss the The developing countries feel that much of the ecological degradation
environmental issue as it stands now and in the world is the product of industrial development undertaken by
want everyone to be equally responsible for developed countries. If they have caused more degradation, they must
ecological conservation. also take more responsibility.
OR
The impact of changing role of state in developing countries in the light of globalisation can be summed up as follows:
1. It results in an erosion of state capacity i.e, the ability of government to do what they do.
2. In place of the welfare state, it is the market that becomes the prime determinant down to economic and social
priorities.
3. The entry and the increased role of multinational companies all over the world lead to a reduction in the capacity of
governments to take decisions on their own.
4. The old 'welfare state' is now giving way to more minimalist state to perform certain core functions as the
maintenance of law and order and the security of its citizens.
23. i. Regional aspirations are very important part of democratic politics and expression of regional issues is a normal
phenomenon.
ii. Democratic negotiations are the best way to resolve the regional issues.
iii. Regional matters can be resolved by power sharing within constitutional framework.
iv. Regional balance and economic development decrease the feeling of regional discrimination. Therefore, the problem
of backwardness of regions should be addressed at a priority.
v. Constitutional provisions already incorporated in resolving regional issues. As the sixth schedule of the Constitution
allows different tribes complete autonomy of preserving their practices and customary laws.
vi. Federalism should be given respect in true sense.
SECTION-D (12 MARKS)
24. i. (a) Indo-Pak negotiations
ii. (c) Manmohan Singh and General Pervez Musharraf
iii. (d) Both Kashmir problem and terrorism
iv. (d) Agra
25. Sr. No. of the information used Concerned Alphabet Name of the State
i. First of all, it meant the end of Cold War confrontations. The ideological dispute over whether the socialist system
would beat the capitalist system was not an issue anymore. The end of the confrontation demanded an end to this
arms race and possible new peace.
ii. Second, power relations in world politics changed and, therefore, the relative influence of ideas and institutions also
changed. The US became the sole superpower and US economy the dominant economic system internationally.
iii. Third, the end of the Soviet bloc meant the emergence of many new countries. All these countries had their own
independent aspirations and choices. Some of them, especially the Baltic and East European states, wanted to join the
European Union and become part of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO). Thus, the international system
saw many new players emerge, each with its own identity, interests, and economic and political difficulties. It is to
these issues that we now turn.
OR
Yes, the special relationship between India and USSR reflected this.
First, India's Non-Alignment was said to be 'unprincipled'. In the name of pursuing its national interest. India, it was said,
often refused to take a firm stand on crucial international issues. Many political thinkers suspected about the intention of
India about its role in Non-Alignment Movement.
Second, it is suggested that India was inconsistent and took contradictory postures. Having criticized others for joining
alliances, India signed the Treaty of Friendship in August 1971 with the USSR for 20 years. This step was seen as a
contradiction to India's foreign policy.
This was regarded, particularly by outside observers, as virtually joining the Soviet alliance system. However, the Indian
Government's view was that India needed diplomatic and possibly military support during the Bangladesh crisis. Even
the attacks from China (in 1962) and Pakistan (in 1965) forced India to take firm action about its foreign policy and
modify it accordingly, and that in any case, the treaty did not stop India from having good relations with other countries
including the US.
28. As a result of the Second World War, European countries faced the problems of the ruin of their economies and the
destruction of the assumptions and structures on which Europe had been founded. The burning question was whether the
European countries be allowed to revert to its old rivalries or be reconstructed on the principles and institutions that
would contribute to a positive conception of international relations. In those problems, the Cold War played an important
role in the integration of Europe. Thus, the following attempts were made that led to the formation of the European
Union in 1992.
i. Marshall Plan: Under this plan, America extended massive financial help for reviving Europe’s economy.
ii. NATO: America created NATO as a new collective security structure.
iii. OEEC: Under the Marshall Plan, the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation was established in 1948 to
channel aid to the West European states. It encouraged cooperation on trade and economic issues.
iv. Council of Europe: It was established in 1949 for political cooperation.
v. European Economic Community. It was formed in 1957.
vi. European Parliament: Economic integration took a political dimension in the form of the European Parliament.
vii. European Union: The disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991 led to the formation of the European Union in
1992. Its aim was to have a common foreign and security policy, cooperation on justice and home affairs, and the
creation of a single currency.
OR
1. Unemployment: Despite economic growth, unemployment has risen, with nearly 100 million people looking for
jobs. This is partly due to the transition from a state-controlled economy to a market-oriented one, which led to the
closure of many state-owned enterprises and job losses.
2. Female Employment and Working Conditions: Female employment and working conditions have been poor.
Women often face discrimination in the workplace, lower wages, and limited opportunities for advancement.
3. Environmental Degradation: Rapid industrialization and urbanization have led to severe environmental
degradation. Air and water pollution, deforestation, and loss of biodiversity are significant issues that affect the
quality of life for many Chinese citizens.
4. Corruption: Corruption has increased, with officials and businesses often engaging in corrupt practices to gain
economic advantages. This undermines public trust and leads to unequal distribution of resources.
5. Economic Inequality Between Rural and Urban Residents: Economic reforms have widened the gap between
rural and urban residents. Urban areas have seen more investment and development, while rural areas have lagged
behind, leading to significant disparities in income and living standards.
6. Economic Inequality Between Coastal and Inland Provinces: Similarly, there has been a rise in economic
inequality between coastal and inland provinces. Coastal regions have benefited more from foreign investment and
trade, while inland provinces have not seen the same level of economic growth.
29. I. Meaning of coalition or alliance politics: The term 'coalition’ as it generally used in political science, is a direct
descendant of the exigencies of a multi-party system in a democratic set-up.
According to the dictionary meaning, coalition means an act of coalescing or uniting into one body, a union of
persons, states, or an alliance. The coalition government of 1989 led by Janta Dal under Priministership of V.P. Singh,
gain popularity for the first time.
II. Influence of alliance politics or coalition politics in India:
i. India has adopted a multi-party system. There are more chances of alliances nowadays in our country as in
many states or even at centre, not a single political party is getting clearcut majority since the last four-five
general elections. In India, at the centre level, two alliances have been formed popularly known as NDA led by
Bhartiya Janata Party and United Progressive Alliance UPA, led by Congress.
It is a phenomenon of a multi-party government where a number of minority parties join hands for the purpose of
running the government, which is otherwise not possible in a democracy based on a one-party system. A coalition
is formed when many splinter groups in a House agree to join hands on a common platform by sinking their broad
differences and form majority in the House. It is an astonishing chorus of discords. Though outwardly a coalition
appears to be one solid mass, inwardly it is ridden by party fables and frantic party fervours and it is for this
reason that coalition proves to be transient.
ii. The system of coalitions has certain important implications. Firstly, coalitions are formed for the sake of some
reward, material or psychic, secondly, a coalition implies the existence of at least two partners. Thirdly, the
underlying principle of a coalition system stands on the simple fact of temporary conjunction of specific interest.
Fourthly, coalition politics is not a static but a dynamic affair as coalition players and groups dissolve and form
new ones. Fifthly, the keynote of coalition politics is compromise and rigid dogma has no place in it. Sixthly, a
coalition government works on the basis of a minimum programme which may not be ideal for each partner of the
coalition. After all, politics is the art of possible and coalition politics is its highest expression. Seventhly,
pragmatism and not ideology is the hallmark of coalition politics. Lastly, the purpose of a coalition adjustment is
to seize power; it may seek to stake its claim for the formation of a ministry or for pulling a ministry down.
OR
i. BJP adopted a broader political platform than that of Jana Sangh and embraced 'Gandhian Socialism' as its ideology.
ii. After 1986, BJP began emphasizing the Hindu nationalist elements in its ideology and pursued pro-Hindutva politics.
The BJP was outspoken about its Hindutva ideology. As a result, it became popular among Hindus.
iii. The BJP promoted nationalism and advocated for the repeal of Article 370 in the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
iv. The BJP launched a campaign to build the Ram Mandir in the city of Ayodhya. This drew a lot of attention and
increased its popularity.
v. BJP consolidated its position in the 1991 and 1996 elections and emerged as the largest party in 1996, they were not
able to secure a majority in Lok Sabha as other parties were opposed to its policies.
vi. BJP finally came to power by leading coalition government from May 1998 1999 (NDA-I)and 1999-2004 (NDA-II).
BJP emerged as the largest party with surplus majority in 2014-2019 (NDA-III) 2019-till date (NDA-IV).
i. The Janata Party government that come to power after the 1977’s elections but soon there was seen stiff competition
among three leaders for the post of Prime Minister - Morarji Desai, who was the rival to Indira Gandhi ever since
1966-67, Charan Singh, leader of the Bharatiya Lok Dal and a farmers' leader from UP and Jagjivan Ram, who had
vast experience as a senior minister in the Congress governments. Eventually, Morarji Desai became the Prime
Minister but that could not bring the power struggle within the party to an end.
ii. Some critics feel that the Janata Party was lacked direction, leadership, and a common programme.
iii. The Janata Party government could not bring about a fundamental change in policies pursued by the Congress.
iv. The Janata Party split and the government which was led by Moraiji Desai lost its majority within less than 18
months. Another government headed by Charan Singh was formed on an assurance of the support of the Congress
Party.
v. But the Congress Party later decided to withdraw its support with the result that the Charan Singh government could
remain in power for just about four months.
vi. Fresh Lok Sabha elections were held in January 1980 in which the Janata Party suffered a comprehensive defeat,
especially in north India. Congress party led by Indira Gandhi nearly won 353 seats and came back to power.
The experience of 1977-79 taught another lesson that unstable and quarrelsome governments are severely punished
by the voters.
OR
In 1967, a peasant uprising took place in the Naxalbari police station area of Darjeeling hill district in West Bengal under
the leadership of the local cadres of the Communist party of India. The Naxalites were the Marxist-Leninist agricultural
workers of Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar and adjoining areas which organised massive agitations against
economic injustice and inequality and demanded redistribution of land to cultivators. Role in Indian Politics:
1. Naxalite did not participate in the elections formally but these were actively associated with parties.
2. Naxalites ensured a better representation of the demands of deprived social sections in party politics.
3. These movements are trained associations or relations along with the political parties either as an individual or as an
organisation.
To practice more questions & prepare well for exams, download myCBSEguide.com App. It provides complete
study material for CBSE, NCERT, JEE (main), NEET-UG and NDA exams. Teachers can use Examin8.com App to
create similar papers with their own name and logo.