10

Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 9:
Prove Remainder Theorem, Factor
Theorem, and Rational
Root Theorem
(M10ALIg-2)
Mathematics – Grade 10
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 9: Prove Remainder Theorem, Factor Theorem, and Rational Root
Theorem
First Edition, 2020

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 10

Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 9:
Prove Remainder Theorem, Factor
Theorem, and Rational
Root Theorem
(M10ALIg-2)
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics 10 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Prove Remainder

Theorem, Factor Theorem and Rational Root Theorem !

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

2
For the learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics 10 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Prove Remainder

Theorem, Factor Theorem, and Rational Root Theorem!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

3
 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
how to use the remainder and factor theorem in finding the remainders and factors
of polynomial divisions. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with
the textbook you are now using.

The module is consisting of three lessons, namely:

 Remainder Theorem;
 Factor Theorem; and
 Rational Root Theorem.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. prove the Remainder Theorem, Factor Theorem and Rational Root Theorem;
2. find remainder using Remainder Theorem and Factor Theorem;
3. evaluate polynomials using substitution;
4. determine whether (x – r) is a factor of polynomials; and
5. find possible rational root, rational root of polynomials.

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 What I Know

Let us check your prior knowledge about Remainder Theorem and Factor Theorem.
Choose and write the letter of the best answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What is the remainder when 𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2 is divided by x + 1?

A. -6 B. -5 C. -4 D. -3

2. In the given polynomial 2𝑥 4 − 16𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 12 = 0, identify the constant

term?
A. 21 B. 12 C. -12 D. -16

3. What is the value of p in the expression 3𝑥 2 − 𝑝𝑥 + 6 that leaves a remainder

of 3 when divided by x – 3?
A. 20 B. 15 C. 10 D. 5

4. What is the leading coefficient of the polynomial 3𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 6 = 0?

A.9 B. 6 C. -6 D. 3

5. Which of the following is the remainder when the polynomial 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1 is

divided by a binomial (x – 5)?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 5 D. 11

6. Aside from the (x – 2) and (x + 1), what is the other factor of the polynomial
𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 6?
A. (x – 1) B. (x – 2) C. (x – 3) D. (x + 3)

𝑥 2 +4𝑥−8 𝑟
7. If the ratio is the place in the form q(x) + , where q(x) is a polynomial,
𝑥−2 𝑥+3
then which of the following is the correct value of r?
A. 5 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

8. How many possible rational roots does the polynomial 𝑝(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 8𝑥 2 +

2𝑥 − 1 have?
A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7

9. When the polynomial p(x) was divided by the factor of x – 3 the result was x +
5
. Which of the following is the value of p(7)?
𝑥−3
A. 11 B. 7 C. 3 D. It does not exist

10. What are the factors of the polynomial 𝑝(𝑥) = 3𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 2?

A. (x – 2) (x + 2) (x – 1)
B. (3x – 1) (x - 2) (x + 1)
C. (2x + 1) (x – 2) (x + 2)
D. (x + 2) (x – 2) (x + 1)

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11. Which of the following binomials is a factor of the quadratic 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 36?
A. x - 5 B. x + 4 C. x + 2 D. x + 3

12. Which of the following linear expression is a factor of the cubic polynomial
𝑥 3 + 9𝑥 2 + 16𝑥 − 12?
A. x + 2 B. x + 6 C. x – 1 D. x – 3

13. Let p(x) = 2𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 3 + 4x – 5. What is the value of p (1)?

A. -3 B. 3 C. 2 D. -2

14. Which expression is a factor of the following polynomial p(x) = 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 −

24𝑥 − 36?
A. x – 3 B. x + 7 C. x + 3 d. x – 7

15. Which example correctly illustrates the factor theorem?

𝐴. 𝑝(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 1; p = 0, so x + 1 is a factor of p(x)
𝐵. 𝑝(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 1; p (1) = 0, so x + 1 is a factor of p(x)
𝐶. 𝑝(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 1; p (2) = 5, so x - 2 is a factor of p(x)
𝐷. 𝑝(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 1; x - 1 is a factor of p(x), so p (1) = 0

Very Good! You did a good job. You’re now ready for the next set of activities.

7
 Lesson Prove Remainder Theorem,
9 Factor Theorem, and
Rational Root Theorem
This section discusses the historical method of solving higher degree
polynomial equations.

What’s In

In your previous lesson, you learn how to solve polynomials using long
division and synthetic division.

Long Division Synthetic Division

𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8
𝑥 + 2 ⟌𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 16 -2 │ 1 4 -4 -16
- 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 -2 -4 16
2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 1 2 -8 0
- 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥
−8𝑥 − 16
-8𝑥 − 16
0

What’s New

This module focuses another method in finding the remainder when a

polynomial p(x) is divided by a binomial x - r. You will also learn a method of
determining whether or not x - r is a factor of a given polynomial and determine the
rational solutions to polynomial equations.

Fill in the blanks with words and symbols that will best complete the
statement.
𝑃(𝑥) 𝑅
= 𝑄(𝑥) +
𝑥−𝑟 𝑥−𝑟
When P(x) is divided by x − r, the remainder is 0 or has a degree _____ the
degree of x – r, which means the remainder is a _____.
Nice one! The activity shows the proof of Remainder Theorem.
You are now ready to discover more about Remainder Theorem!

8
 What is It

The Remainder Theorem. It is another method in finding the remainder.

Simply change the sign of “r” in (x – r) and substitute into the given polynomial P(x).
To check the remainder, use the synthetic division.

Example 1. Find the remainder when 𝑃(𝑥) = (𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 8) divided by (x – 2)

Solution: Therefore, the remainder when 𝑃(𝑥) = (𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 8 is divided by x – 2

is -18.

Example 2. Find the remainder when P(x) = 𝑃(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 6 is divided by (x + 1).

Solution:
Remainder Theorem Synthetic Division
(x – r)
(x+1)→ 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑟, 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 1 𝑡𝑜 − 𝟏 -1 -2 -4 6
-2 6
𝑃 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 6, r = -1 -2 -6 12
𝑃 (−1) = 2(−1)2 − 4(−1) + 6
𝑃 (−1) = 2(1) + 4 + 6
𝑃 (−1) = 2 + 4 + 6
𝑷(−𝟏) = 𝟏𝟐

Therefore, the remainder when 𝑃(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 6 is divided by (x + 1) is 12.

The remainder P(r) when polynomial P(x) is divided by binomial (x – r) is 0, it means

that x – r is a factor of P(x). Similarly, P(r) = 0. The idea is illustrated by Factor
Theorem.

The Factor Theorem is a special case of the Remainder Theorem where the
remainder P(r) = 0. P(x) has a factor (x - r) if and only P(r) = 0.

Fill in the blanks with words and symbols that will best complete the
statement.

Given the polynomial P(x), if (x – r) is a factor of P(x), then P(r)=____.

Similarly, if P(r)=0, then (x – r) is a factor of ____.

Good Job! Now let us see how the Factor Theorem is used in the given example.

9
Example 1. Show that (x – 2) is a factor of 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 6𝑥

Solution:
Factor Theorem Synthetic Division
(x – r)
(x – 2) → 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑟, 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 − 2 𝑡𝑜 𝟐 2 1 -5 6 0
2 -6 0
𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 6𝑥, r = 2 1 3 0 0
𝑃(2) = (2)3 − 5(2)2 + 6(2)
𝑃(2) = 8 − 5(4) + 12
𝑃(2) = 8 − 20 + 12
𝑷(𝟐) = 𝟎

Since P(2) = 0, then (x – 2) is a factor of 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 6𝑥.

Example 2. Given that (x + 2) is a factor of the polynomial, 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑝𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 30

find p.

Solution:
Factor Theorem Synthetic Division
(x – r)
(x + 2) → 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑟, 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 2 𝑡𝑜 − 𝟐 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑝𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 30
𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 30
𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑝𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 30, r = -2
= (−2)3 − 𝑝(−2)2 − (−2) + 30 𝑃(−2) = (−2)3 − 6(−2)2 − (−2) + 30
= −8 − 4𝑝 + 2 + 3 𝑃(−2) = (−2)3 − 6(−2)2 − (−2) + 30
−4𝑝 = −24 𝑃(−2) = −8 − 6(4) + 2 + 30
𝒑=𝟔 𝑃(−2) = −8 − 24 + 2 + 30
𝑷(−𝟐) = 𝟎

Therefore, the value of p in the given polynomial 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑝𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 30 is 6 and its

remainder is 0.

10
Factor Theorem can also be used in finding the roots of the polynomial equations
since P(r) = 0, then (x – r) is a factor of P(x).

Example 1: Is x = 9 a root of the polynomial equation 2𝑥 4 − 17𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 2 = 0?

Solution:
Synthetic Division

Trial 1: -9 2 -17 -9 0 0
-18 315 -2754 24786
2 -35 306 -2754 24786

The remainder is 24786. Therefore, -9 is not a root of the equation.

Trial 2: 9 2 -17 -9 0 0
18 9 0 0
2 1 0 0 0 → 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

The remainder is 0. Therefore, 9 is a root of the equation.

Remainder Theorem Synthetic Division

(x – r)
(x – 2) → 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑟, 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 − 2 𝑡𝑜 𝟐 2 1 -2 -5 -8
2 0 -10
𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 8, r = 2 1 0 -5 -18
𝑃(𝑥) = (23 ) − 2(2)2 − 5(2) − 8
𝑃(2) = 8 − 2(4) − 10 − 8
𝑃(2) = 8 − 8 − 10 − 8
𝑷(𝟐) = −𝟏𝟖
Depressed Equation are also the roots of the given polynomial 2𝑥 4 − 17𝑥 3 −
1
9𝑥 2 = 0. The roots of depression 2𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 = 0 are 0 and − 2.

1
Therefore, the roots of polynomial 2𝑥 4 − 17𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 2 = 0 are 9, 0, − 2.

Since 9 is a root of the polynomial 2𝑥 4 − 17𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 2 , we need to find the other roots.
Trial and error is a time consuming, it is not always easy to guess the roots of
polynomial. Let’s limit the roots in easy way. The next activity will demonstrate this.

Fill in the blanks with words and symbols that will best complete the statement.

Let anxn + an-1xn-1+ an-2xn-2 + … + a2x2 + a1x + a0 = 0, where an ≠ 0 and ai is

𝑝
an integer for all i, 0 ≤ I ≤ n, be a polynomial equation of degree n. If 𝑞,
in lowest terms, is a rational root of the equation, then ____ is a factor
of a0 and ____ is a factor of an.

Good Job! You are now ready to explore about Rational Root Theorem.

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 The Rational Root Theorem provides a complete list of possible rational roots of
the polynomial equation anxn + an–1xn–1 + ··· + a2x2 + a1x + a0 = 0 where
all coefficients are integers.

To know the list of all possible rational root, simply divide the constant term (p)
to the leading coefficient (q) in the given polynomial, where p and q are integers.

Example 1. List all possible rational roots of 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 4 = 0

𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 4 = 0

Leading coefficient (q) Constant term (p)

Factor of 1: Factor of 4:
±1 ±1, ±2, ±4

𝑝 ±1, ±2, ±4
=
𝑞 ±1

𝑝
Possible roots: = ±1, ±2, ±4
𝑞

Example 2. Find all the roots of 𝑦 = 𝑥 4 + 5𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 6.

Using Rational Root Test the possible roots: ±1, ±2, ±3, ±6
Let's factor using synthetic division:

1 1 5 5 -5 -6

1 6 11 6

1 6 11 6 0

Our polynomial is now 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 + 6)

𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1)

Our original polynomial, 𝑦 = 𝑥 4 + 5𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 6, has become 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 +

3)(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1)

Our roots are x = 1, -1, -2, and -3.

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 What’s More

Using the Remainder Theorem, find the remainder when the given
polynomial is divided by each of binomial. Check using synthetic division. State
whether or not a binomial is a factor of polynomial.

1. 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟖

A. (x -1) B. (x + 1) C. (x – 2)

2. 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟒𝒙 − 𝟐𝟏

A. (x + 2) B. (x – 3) C. (x + 3)

3. 𝟑𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝟑𝒙 − 𝟗 = 𝟎

A. (x – 3) B. (x – 2) C. (x – 1)

4. 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟔𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏𝒙 − 𝟔 = 𝟎

A. (x – 3) B. (x – 2) C. (x – 1)

5. 𝒙𝟒 − 𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒 = 𝟎

A. (x -1) B. (x + 1) C. (x – 2)

What I Have Learned?

Here is another activity that lets you apply what you have learned about
Remainder Theorem.

A. Find the remainder using Remainder Theorem.

1. 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 15𝑥 − 36 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = −3

2. 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 − 16𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 7 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 3

3. 𝑝(𝑎) = 𝑎3 + 5𝑎2 + 10𝑎 + 22 𝑎𝑡 𝑎 = −2

4. 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 5 − 15𝑥 3 − 58𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 12 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 7

13
 5. 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + x 2 − 5x − 6 at x = 2

6. 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 + 5𝑥 3 + 11𝑥 2 + 25𝑥 + 29 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = −3

7. 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 + 11𝑥 3 + 22𝑥 2 + 24𝑥 + 12 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = −1

8. 𝑝(𝑏) = 6𝑏 4 + 12𝑏 3 + 22𝑏 2 + 13𝑏 + 3 𝑎𝑡 𝑏 = −3

9. 𝑝(𝑣) = 6𝑣 3 + 42𝑣 2 − 50𝑣 − 20 𝑎𝑡 𝑣 = −8

10. 𝑝(𝑥) = 4𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 3 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 2

What I Can Do

Here is another activity that lets you apply what you learned about the Factor
Theorem.

Using Factor Theorem, determine if the given binomial is a factor of the

polynomial

1. (𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 − 24) ÷ (𝑥 + 2)

2. (𝑥 5 + 𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 3 + 2x + 4) ÷ (x + 2)

3. (5𝑥 4 − 23𝑥 3 + 20x 2 − 32) ÷ (x − 4)

4. (𝑛3 + 2𝑛2 − 25𝑛 − 50) ÷ (𝑥 + 5)

5. (𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 66) ÷ (x − 3)

6. (𝑛4 − 16n3 + 18𝑛2 − 128 ÷ (n + 2)

7. (𝑛4 − 3𝑛3 + 4𝑛2 + 4) ÷ (x − 2)

8. (5𝑘 3 − 38𝑘 2 + 19𝑘 + 14) ÷ (5𝑘 + 2)

9. (𝑝 3 − 6𝑝 2 + 16𝑝 − 21) ÷ (𝑥 − 3)

10. (𝑥 5 + 3𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 4 + 5𝑥 + 10) ÷ (𝑥 + 2)

Find possible rational root, rational root of polynomials

14
 1. 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 3 = 0

2. 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 − 5 = 0

3. 𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 2 = 0

4. 2𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 1 = 0

5. 3𝑥 3 + 11𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 3 = 0

6. 4𝑥 3 − 16𝑥 2 + 9x + 9 = 0

7. 3𝑥 4 − 10𝑥 3 − 24𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5 = 0

8. 𝑥 4 + 7𝑥 3 + 11𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 − 12 = 0

9. 𝑥 7 − 8𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 8 = 0

10. 𝑥 4 − 5𝑥 2 + 4 = 0

Nice work! Now you’re up for the final challenge of this module

Assessment

I hope you had a good time going over this module. For you to determine how
much you’ve learned, please answer the questions by choosing the letter of the best
answer.

1. What is the remainder when 4𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 4 is divided by x + 1.

A. x + 13 B. x – 13 C. x – 31 D. x + 31

2. Use the Remainder Theorem, what is the remainder when 𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 −

12 is divided by x - 3.
A. 12 B. 34 C. 43 D. 54

3. What number should be added to 𝑥 2 + 5 so that the resulting polynomial

leaves the remainder 3 when divided by x + 3?
A. -9 B. -10 C. -11 D. -12

4. Find the value of k if the remainder is -3 when 𝑘𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 10 is divided

by x +1.

15
 A. 24 B. 25 C. 26 D. 27

5. What is the other factor of 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 − 48 at x = -3?

A. x+5 B. x + 4 C. x + 2 D. x – 2

6. 6. In polynomial 3𝑥 6 + 7𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 what is the leading coefficient?

A. 7 B. 6 C. 4 D. 3

7. Given that x − 2 is a factor of the polynomial 𝑥 3 − 𝑘𝑥 2 − 24𝑥 + 28, find k of

this polynomial ?
A. -5 B. -4 C. -3 D. -2

8. Consider the polynomial 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 − 3, find all the factors of p(x)?

A. (x – 3) and (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1) C. (x – 3) and (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1)
B. (x – 3) and (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 1) D. (x – 3) and (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1)

9. What is the other roots 𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 − 6 = 0?

A. -3, -1 and 2 C. 3, -1 and -2
B. 3,-1,and -2 D.-3, 1 and 2

10. In the equation, 𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 3 = 0 what is the only rational root?

A. 3 B. -3 C. 2 D. -2

For numbers 11-15, tell whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE.

_____1. The only way to find the remainder of a polynomial is synthetic division.

_____ 2. If P(r) = 0, then (x – r) is a factor of P(x).

_____ 3. The only rational root of the equation 𝑝(𝑥) = 3𝑥 3 + 9𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 12 is -3.

3
_____4. The polynomial 𝑝(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 + 9𝑥 2 + 19𝑥 + 15 has a rational root of – .
2

_____ 5. One of the factor of 𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 2 = 0 is (x – 9).

Good Job! You did well on this module!

16
 Additional Activities

The dimensions of a rectangular metal box are 3cm, 5cm, and 8cm. If the first
two dimensions are increased by the same number of centimeters, while the third
dimension remains the same, the new volume is 34cm3 more than the original
volume. What is the new dimension of the enlarged rectangular metal box?

17
 18
What I Know What's More Assessment
1. B 1. a)-9, Not Factor 1. A
2. C b)-3, Not Factor 2. D
3. C c)0, Factor 3. C
4. D 4. B
5. D 2. a) 15, Not Factor 5. B
6. D b) 0, Factor 6. D
7. C c) 30, Not Factor 7. C
8. A 8. A
9. C 3. a)0, Factor, 9. D
10. B b)5, Not Factor 10. B
11. B c)8, Not Factor 11. FALSE
12. A 12. TRUE
13. D 4. a)0, Factor 13. TRUE
14. A b)0,Factor 14. TRUE
15. D c)0,Factor 15. TRUE
5. a)0, Factor
b)0, Factor
c)0, Factor
Answer Key
 19
What I Can Do What I have What’s New
1. Factor Learned Fill in the blanks with words
2. Factor 1. R=0, Factor and symbols that will best
3. Factor complete the statement.
4. Factor 2. R=17, Not Factor
5. Not Factor When P(x) is divided by x − r,
6. Not Factor 3. R=14, Not Factor the remainder is 0 or has a
7. Factor degree less than/< the
8. Factor 4. R=-2, Not Factor degree of x – r, which means
9. Factor the remainder is a constant.
10. Factor 5. R=-4, Not Factor
Fill in the blanks with
6. R=-1, Not Factor words and symbols
1. Pos.Root:±1, ±3 that will best
Root:−3,1 7. R=O, Factor complete the
2. Pos.Root:±1,±5 statement.
Root:1,5 8. R=0, Factor
Given the polynomial
3. Pos.Root:±1,±2
9. R=-4. Not Factor P(x), if (x – r) is a factor
Root:-1,-2
1 of P(x), then P(r)= 0.
4. Pos.Root:±1,± 2 10.R=15, Not Factor Similarly, if P(r)=0, then
1
Root:1, 2 (x – r) is a factor of P(x).
5. Pos.Root:±1,± Fill in the blanks with
1
, ±3 words and symbols
3
1 that will best
Root:-3,-1,
2 complete the
6. Pos.Root: statement.
±1, ±3, ±9
1 1 3 Let anxn + an-1xn-1+ an-
± ,± ,± , 2x
n-2 + … + a x2 + a x +
2 1
2 4 2
3 9 9 a0 = 0, where an ≠ 0 and
± ,± ,± ai is an integer for all i,
4 2 4
1 3
Root:-2 , 2 , 3 0 ≤ I ≤ n, be a
polynomial equation of
7. Pos.Root:±1,±5 𝑝
1 5 degree n. If , in lowest
±3,±3 𝑞
1 terms, is a rational root
Root:-1,3,5 of the equation, then p
8. Pos.Root:±1,±2, is a factor of a0 and q is
±3, ±4 ± 6, ±12 a factor of an.
Root:-4,-3,-1,4
9. Pos.Root:
±1, ±2, ±4, ±8
Root:2
10. Pos.Root:
±1, ±2, ±4
11. Root:±1, ±2
20
Additional
Activities
Let:
x = the amount of increment
x + 3 = height of the new
box
x + 5 = width of the new box
Solution:
= 8 (x+3) (x+5) = (3)(5)(8)+34
= 8 (X2 +8x +15) = 154
= 8x2 +64x +120 = 154
= 8x2 +64x – 34 = 0
= 4x2 +32x - 17
= (2x – 1) (2x + 17)
Since the dimension cannot
1
be negative, take x= as the
2
amount of increment.
References

Mathematics 10, Learner’s Module pages: 60, 70, 76, 91, 94

21
 Disclaimer
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN
with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal.
Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used by all
learners of Region XII in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The
process of LR development was observed in the production of this module.
This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments, and
recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph