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Unit 3 Adequate and Equivalent Translation

The document discusses the concepts of adequate and equivalent translation, highlighting their differences and interrelations. Adequate translation is broader, focusing on effective communication, while equivalent translation emphasizes semantic identity between source and target texts. The text also outlines how translation adequacy can be achieved through equivalents, analogs, and transformations.

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53 views2 pages

Unit 3 Adequate and Equivalent Translation

The document discusses the concepts of adequate and equivalent translation, highlighting their differences and interrelations. Adequate translation is broader, focusing on effective communication, while equivalent translation emphasizes semantic identity between source and target texts. The text also outlines how translation adequacy can be achieved through equivalents, analogs, and transformations.

Uploaded by

mahfuzamirzoxidova
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit 3.

Evaluative classification of translation


1. Adequate and equivalent translation

Translation theorists have long disputed the interrelation of the two terms. V.
Komissarov considers them to denote non-identical but closely related notions. He
claims that adequate translation is broader in meaning than equivalent translation.
Adequate translation is good translation, as it provides communication in full.
Equivalent translation is the translation providing the semantic identity of the
target and source texts.

Two texts may be equivalent in meaning but not adequate, for example:

Микита погрожував: «Покажу тобі де раки зимують!» – Nikita


threatened, “I’ll put the fear of God into you!” The Ukrainian sentence is low
colloquial, whereas the English one, though it describes a similar situation, has
another stylistic overtone, a rather pious one.

A. Shveitser refers the two terms to two aspects of translation: translation as


result and translation as process. We can speak of equivalent translation when we
characterize the end-point (result) of translation, as we compare whether the
translated text corresponds to the source text. Adequacy characterizes the process
of translation. The translator aims at choosing the dominant text function, decides
what she/he can sacrifice.

Thus, adequate translation is the translation corresponding to the


communicative situation. For example, Здраствуйте, я ваша тітка! can be
inadequate to Hello, I’m your aunt!, when the Ukrainian sentence is used not in its
phatic (i.e. contact supporting) function but in the expressive function (as an
interjection) to express the speaker’s amazement.

Close to this understanding of translation adequacy is E. Nida’s concept


of dynamic equivalence, “aimed at complete naturalness of expression” and
trying “to relate the receptor to modes of behavior relevant within the context of
his own culture.” Nida’s principle of dynamic equivalence is widely referred to as
the principle of similar or equivalent response or effect.

Y. Retsker states that the notion of adequate translation comprises that of


equivalent. According to him, an adequate target text describes the same reality as
does the source text and at the same time it produces the same effect upon the
receptor. Translation adequacy is achieved by three types of regular correlations:

1. equivalents, that is regular translation forms not depending upon the context
(they include geographical names, proper names, terms): the Pacific Ocean
– Тихий океан, Chiang Kai-shek – Чан Кайши, hydrogen – водень.
2. analogs, or variable, contextual correspondence, when the target language
possesses several words to express the same meaning of the source language
word: soldier – солдат, рядовий, військовий.
3. transformations, or adequate substitutions: She cooks a hot meal in the
evening. – На вечерю вона завжди готує щось гаряче.

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