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Gas Absorption

Gas absorption is a process where a gas mixture is contacted with a liquid to dissolve specific gas components, while stripping is the reverse process. The choice of solvent for absorption depends on factors like gas solubility, volatility, and cost. The document also discusses material balances, minimum liquid-gas ratios, and the calculation of theoretical stages for absorbers and strippers in a coal gas treatment scenario.

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17 views

Gas Absorption

Gas absorption is a process where a gas mixture is contacted with a liquid to dissolve specific gas components, while stripping is the reverse process. The choice of solvent for absorption depends on factors like gas solubility, volatility, and cost. The document also discusses material balances, minimum liquid-gas ratios, and the calculation of theoretical stages for absorbers and strippers in a coal gas treatment scenario.

Uploaded by

23bch050
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Gas Absorption

Introduction
• Gas absorption is an operation in which a gas mixture is contacted
with a liquid for the purpose of preferentially dissolving one or more
components of the gas and to provide a solution of them in the liquid.
• Example: Gas from by-product coke-oven is washed with water to
remove ammonia, and again with oil to remove benzene and toluene
vapours.
• When mass transfer occurs in the opposite direction, i.e., from liquid
to gas, the operation is called stripping.
• Example: benzene and toluene are removed from absorption oil by
contacting with steam, wherein the vapours enter the gas stream and
the oil can be reused.
Choice of Solvent for Absorption
• Gas Solubility: high
• Volatility: low vapour pressure
• Corrosiveness: MoC needed should not be expensive
• Cost: inexpensive
• Viscosity: low
• Nontoxic, non-flammable, chemically stable
Material Balance
• Counter current tower
• G: Total gas mole/(area of tower c/s)(time)
• A: Diffusing solute
• y: mole fraction of A
• p¯: partial pressure of A
• Y: mole ratio of A
• Gs: non-diffusing gas mole/(area of tower
c/s)(time)
Material Balance
• Counter current tower
• L: Liquid stream mole/(area of tower
c/s)(time)
• A: Diffusing solute
• x: mole fraction of A
• X: mole ratio of A
• Ls: non-volatile solvent mole/(area of
tower c/s)(time)
• Solute balance in the lower part

• This is equation of a straight line (operating line)


on X,Y coordinates of slope Ls/Gs, passing
through (X1,Y1).
Minimum liquid-gas ratio
• Amount of gas to be treated G, terminal
concentration Y1 and Y2 and composition of
the entering liquid X2 are fixed by process
requirements.
• Operating line D to Y1 coordinate
• If DE, exit conc. X1
• If less liquid used, exit conc. greater  less
driving force greater time of contact 
taller tower
• Min. liquid DM: exit conc. X1max zero
driving force infinite time of contact 
infinitely tall tower:: Tangent
Cocurrent flow
• A coal gas is to be freed of its light oil by scrubbing with wash oil as an
absorbent and the light oil recovered by stripping the resulting
solution with steam. The circumstances are as follows:

• Calculate the oil circulation rate and the steam rate required.
Solution
Write L, Ls, G and Gs in kmol/s
From PV= nRT, G1= 0.01075 kmol/s
y1 = 0.02, Y1 = 0.0204 kmol bz/kmol dry gas
Gs = 0.01075( 1-0.02) = 0.01051 kmol dry gas/s
For 95% removal of bz,
Y2= 0.05* 0.0204 = 0.00102 kmol bz/kmol dry gas
x2= 0.005, X2= 0.00503 kmol bz/kmol dry gas
At 26 oC, vapour pressure of bz= 100 mmHg= 13300 Pa
By Raoult’s Law,
By Henry’s Law ,
• This is the equilibrium curve equation
• Operating lines originate at D
• For minimum oil rate, draw DE as a
tangent to the equilibrium curve.
• At Y1 = 0.020, X1 = 0.176 kmol
bz/kmol dry gas (Point E)
• This is operating line DF.
• Stripper: at 122 oC, vp of bz = 2400 mm
Hg = 319.9 kPa.
• Equilibrium curve is then

• X2 = 0.1190, X1 = 0.00503 kmol


bz/kmol oil
• For minimum steam rate, join MN, a
tangent to the equilibrium curve.
• Y2 = 0.45 kmol bz/kmol steam
• For 1.5 times the
minimum, the steam
rate is 1.5 *(4.526 x 10-4)
= 6.79 x 10-4 kmol/s,
corresponding to line MP
Countercurrent
Multistage
Operation
• Tray tower
• On each tray, the gas and the
liquid are contacted and
separated.
• No. of ideal trays required to
bring about the given
change in composition in
absorber or a stripper is
determined graphically.
Absorption Factor A
• A= L/mG= ratio of slope of operating line to that of equilibrium curve
• A<1:: convergence of operating line and equilibrium curve at lower end
• A>1:: convergence of operating line and equilibrium curve at upper end
• A generally between 1.25 to 2
• Significance and optimisation: As A increases, for a fixed degree of
absorption, the absorbed solute is dissolved in more liquid and therefore
becomes less valuable. At the same time, no. of trays decreases cost
decreases.
• 1/A= S= mG/L= Stripping factor
• m = y/x
Kremser equation
• For transfer from L to G (Stripping):
Kremser equation
• For transfer from G to L:
Determine the no of theoretical stages for the
absorber and stripper of the previous problem
• A coal gas is to be freed of its light oil by scrubbing with wash oil as an
absorbent and the light oil recovered by stripping the resulting
solution with steam. The circumstances are as follows:

• Calculate the oil circulation rate and the steam rate required.
• Nomenclature:
• Operating diagram
• Theoretical no. of
trays are stepped
off
• Alternatively, no. of theoretical trays can be calculated analytically
• For stripper: Graphical answer: 6.7

• From figure: 6 trays

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