Practical: 9

Aim: PL/SQL block for loop, arithmetic operations, function and procedure
1. Write a PL/SQL program to illustrates the use of varrays.

SOURCE CODE:

DECLARE

TYPE NameList IS VARRAY(3) OF VARCHAR2(20);

names NameList := NameList('Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie');

BEGIN

FOR i IN 1..names.COUNT LOOP

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name ' || i || ': ' || names(i));

END LOOP;

END;

/
OUTPUT :

2. Write a PL/SQL program that illustrates the concept of loop.

SOURCE CODE:
CHOSALIYA MIT
230280116021

DECLARE
num NUMBER := 5; -- The number for which factorial is calculated
factorial NUMBER := 1; -- Variable to store the factorial result
BEGIN
-- Calculate factorial using a FOR loop
FOR i IN 1..num LOOP
factorial := factorial * i;
END LOOP;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Factorial of ' || num || ' is: ' ||
factorial); END;
/

OUTPUT:

3. Write a PL/SQL program to create a simple procedure that displays the string 'Hello World!' on the screen when
executed

SOURCE CODE :
CHOSALIYA MIT
230280116021

DECLARE
-- Declare the procedure
PROCEDURE display_hello_world IS
BEGIN

-- Display 'Hello World!' using DBMS_OUTPUT

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Hello World!');
END display_hello_world;

BEGIN
-- Call the procedure display_hello_world;

END;
/

OUTPUT :

4. Write a PL/SQL program that makes the use of cursor to display CUSTOMER data in the customers table.

SOURCE CODE :
CHOSALIYA MIT
230280116021

DECLARE

-- Declare variables v_customer_id

customers.customer_id%TYPE;

v_customer_name

customers.customer_name%TYPE; v_customer_email

customers.customer_email%TYPE;

-- Declare the cursor

CURSOR customer_cursor IS
SELECT customer_id, customer_name, customer_email
FROM customers;
BEGIN

-- Open the cursor

OPEN customer_cursor;
-- Fetch and display customer data
LOOP
FETCH customer_cursor INTO v_customer_id, v_customer_name, v_customer_email;

EXIT WHEN customer_cursor%NOTFOUND;

-- Display customer data

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Customer ID: ' || v_customer_id);

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Customer Name: ' || v_customer_name);

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Customer Email: ' || v_customer_email);

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(' ----------------------- ');

END LOOP;
-- Close the cursor
CLOSE customer_cursor;

END;
/
CHOSALIYA MIT
230280116021

OUTPUT :

5. Write a PL/SQL function that returns the total number of CUSTOMERS in the customers table.

SOURCE CODE :
CHOSALIYA MIT
230280116021

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_total_customers RETURN NUMBER IS

v_total_customers NUMBER;

BEGIN
-- Query to get the total number of customers
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO v_total_customers FROM customers;
-- Return the total number of customers
RETURN v_total_customers;
END get_total_customers;
/
DECLARE

total_customers NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Call the function total_customers := get_total_customers;

-- Display the total number of customers

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total Number of Customers: ' || total_customers);
END;
/

OUTPUT :

6. Write a PL/SQL Function that computes and returns the maximum of two values.

SOURCE CODE :
CHOSALIYA MIT
230280116021

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION

get_maximum_value( a NUMBER, b NUMBER

) RETURN NUMBER IS v_maximum_value

NUMBER;

BEGIN

-- Calculate the maximum value

IF a >= b THEN v_maximum_value

:= a;

ELSE v_maximum_value

:= b;

END IF;

-- Return the maximum value

RETURN v_maximum_value;

END get_maximum_value;

DECLARE
result NUMBER;
BEGIN

-- Call the function result := get_maximum_value(10, 7);

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Maximum Value: ' || result);

END;
/
CHOSALIYA MIT
230280116021

OUTPUT :

7. Write a PL/SQL program to calculates the factorial of a given number by calling itself recursively

SOURCE CODE :

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION calculate_factorial(n NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER

IS BEGIN

-- Base case: factorial of 0 is 1

IF n = 0 THEN

RETURN 1;
ELSE
-- Recursive case: n! = n * (n-1)!
RETURN n * calculate_factorial(n - 1);
END IF;

END calculate_factorial;
/
DECLARE
num NUMBER := 5; -- Change this to the desired number result

NUMBER;

BEGIN
-- Call the function to calculate factorial result

:= calculate_factorial(num);

-- Display the result

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Factorial of ' || num || ' is: ' || result);

END;
/

OUTPUT :