M-106 Human Values I MBA | BTU | Unit II | Harmony in Individual

Unit II: Harmony in Individual

Syllabus: Understanding harmony in the human being - harmony in myself. Understanding human
being as a co-existence of the sentient, ‘I’ and the material Body Understanding the needs of Self (I)
and, Body - Sukh and Suvidha Understanding the Body as an instrument of ‘I’, Understanding the
characteristics and activities of ‘I’ and harmony in ‘I’ Understanding the harmony of I with the Body:
Sanyam and Swasthya; correct appraisal of Physical needs, meaning of Prosperity in detail, Programs
to ensure Sanyam and Swasthya.

Contents
1. Understanding Harmony in Human Being .................................................................................... 1
Understanding the Human Being as the Co-Existence of Self and Body .......................................... 1
Human needs .................................................................................................................................. 2
2. Understanding the body as an instrument of ‘I’ (I being the Seer, Doer and Enjoyer) ................ 7
3. Harmony in Self - Understanding Myself ..................................................................................... 8
4. Harmony of Self (I) with The Body ............................................................................................. 14
5. Programs to ensure Sanyam and Swasthya ............................................................................... 20
6. Correct Appraisal of Our Physical needs .................................................................................... 20
7. Meaning of Prosperity ............................................................................................................... 21

1. Understanding Harmony in Human Being

Understanding the Human Being as the Co-Existence of Self and
Body
Understand human being
Human beings are complex creations of the elements of nature. Physically they are a composition of
minerals and water. At the next level human beings are capable of movement and the ability to
respond to stimuli. At the third level human beings are thinking beings who have intellect and
emotions. At the highest-level human beings have a spiritual aspect. They aspire towards the
transcendental (spiritual). Thus, human being is co-existence of the body and the self ‘jivan’.

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 M-106 Human Values I MBA | BTU | Unit II | Harmony in Individual

Figure 1: Aspects of Human Being

There is a familiar shape and structure of a human body that is immediately apparent to us and we
imagine someone with similar human body like features. But in addition to the body, the entity that
keeps the body ‘alive’ and make it operate in various ways. This aliveness is called jivan or self.
Human being is co-existence of this body and self. This self is also called ‘I’ or consciousness. All the
feelings that we feel or the decisions that we take are governed by the self only and not the body.
Body only performs the activities decided by the self.
Human being as a combination of the sentiment ‘I’ and material body Human beings are a complex
combination of the sentiment ‘I’ which relates to all the feelings and the material ‘body’ which refers
to all the physical facilities available to them. Often there is a clash between the needs of the body
and the feelings. This may manifest itself in many ways. Ex. The state of depression or sadness. In
this state the body needs food and nourishment but the feelings over-ride the situation. Both these
aspects of feelings and body needs and requirements form an essential part of ‘what we are’. This
co-existence must be harmonious.

Human needs

Figure 2: Human Needs

Suvidha
It implies that it is looking for physical comforts and all the sources of attaining such comforts. When
our body gets used to a certain level of comfort then we will feel comfortable only at that level. Ex.
comfort in fan, cooler or air conditioner. Different people have a different perception of suvidha
and will seek a corresponding level of suvidha according to their perceptions.

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 M-106 Human Values I MBA | BTU | Unit II | Harmony in Individual

Sukh
The beauty of sukh is that it is a holistic and all-encompassing state of the mind that creates inner
harmony.
By nature, man is fond of comfort and happiness, so he goes on making desires and ambitions one
after the other to enjoy more in life. To lead a comfortable life, he also accumulates many facilities,
so that his life may become full of comfort and happiness. Sukh depends upon our thinking, so many
times we are surrounded by materialistic possessions, but we feel unsatisfied. People think that
their happiness depends upon suvidha (facilities) but is it not so; happiness depends upon our
thinking or our mental satisfaction.
Understanding Myself as Co-Existence of Self and Body

Figure 3: Human as co-existence of Self and Body

The human being is the co-existence of ‘I’ and the body, and there is exchange of information
between the two. We can make this distinction between the self and the body in three ways in terms
of the needs, activities, and the types of these two entities, as shown in the table below:

A. Understanding needs of self and body

In the process of identifying the distinct characteristics of the self and the body, we will first focus
on their distinct needs:
1. The needs of the body like food for nourishment clothes for protection, and instruments to ensure
right utilization can be categorized as being ‘physical’ in nature, or also called ‘physical facilities’
(suvidha) whereas the need of I is essentially to live in a state of continuous happiness (sukh). The
needs of the body are physical in nature, whereas the needs of the self (‘I’) are not physical in
nature - like trust, respect, happiness etc.
2. The needs of ‘I’ are continuous in time, unlike the need of the body, which is temporary in time.
We want happiness continuously. We also want the feeling of respect continuously and so also
acceptance in relationship. We do not want to be unhappy even for a single moment or lose the
feeling of respect for ourselves for a single moment.

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 M-106 Human Values I MBA | BTU | Unit II | Harmony in Individual

If we talk about food, clothing, shelter, or instruments, these are needed only for some amount of
time, or we can say that the need for physical facilities of the body is temporary in time- it is not
continuous.
3. Physical facilities are needed for the body in a limited quantity. When we try and exceed these
limits, it becomes troublesome for us after some time. Let’s take the example of eating. As far as,
physical facilities (say rasgulla) go, they are necessary in the beginning, but if we keep consuming, it
becomes intolerable with the passage of time. This applies to every physical facility. We can only
think of having unlimited physical facilities, but if we try and consume, or have too much of physical
facilities, it only ends up becoming a problem for us. When we try to perpetuate physical facilities,
the following pattern results. With time it successively changes from:

First Rasagulla

Fifth Rasagulla

Tenth Rasagulla

Fifteenth Rasagulla

Figure 4: Problem in using Physical Facility for Happiness

Whereas the needs of ‘I’ are qualitative (they are not quantifiable), but we also want them
continuously. Our feelings are qualitative. Either they are or they are not. Ex. Happiness is
qualitative. Either we are feeling happy or we are not. Also, if a feeling is not naturally acceptable;
we do not want it even for a single moment. If acceptable, we want it continuously.
4. Needs are fulfilled by…. The need of the self (‘I’), for happiness (sukh) is ensured by right
understanding and right feelings, while the need of the body, for physical facilities (suvidha), is
ensured by appropriate physio-chemical things.
The confusion we are in today
A common mistake today is that we mix these two sets of needs: happiness (sukh) for I and physical
facilities (suvidha) for the body. We assume that “All we need is physical facilities (suvidha) and that
it will automatically ensure happiness (sukh)”

Figure 5: Gross Misunderstanding

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 M-106 Human Values I MBA | BTU | Unit II | Harmony in Individual

B. Understanding the characteristics and activities of ‘I’ and the

body
If we look at the variety of activities that we are engaged in commonly - we see that we can put
them in three categories:
1. Activities that are going on in the self
2. Activities that are going on in the body
3. Activities involving both the self and the body

Figure 6: Activities in Human Being

1. Activities in the self:
• Thinking
• Believing
• Speaking
• Feeling
• Understanding
• Desiring

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 M-106 Human Values I MBA | BTU | Unit II | Harmony in Individual

• Dreaming
• Imagining
• Analysing
These activities are going on in us all the time, and we are usually unaware of them. If we start
paying attention to them, we can become aware of them. We can also see that these activities take
place irrespective of the state of the body. Our capacity to imagine does not change even when we
are engaged in some other work physically.
2. Activities involving both the self (I) and the body: There are some activities that we do,
in which both ‘I’ and body are involved. The decisions and choices are made in ‘I’, and these are
carried out via the body. These activities are:
• Walking
• Eating
• Talking
• Seeing
• Listening
Take the example of eating. Here, I first decide which food to eat, then make the choice to take the
food inside the body, use my hands to carry the food to the mouth, use the mouth to chew the food
and them swallow it. Thus, eating is an activity which involves both the self (‘I’), where the choice is
been made, and the body, with which the activity is carried out. Recognition of body is definite but
our (self) recognition depends on our assumptions. There is no assuming at the level of body.
3. Activities in the body: The body is a set of ‘self-organized activities’.
These are functions like:
• Digesting
• Blood flow
• Heartbeat
• Breathing
• Nourishment
Knowing, assuming, recognizing, and fulfilling in ‘I’ and recognizing and fulfilling in
body
1. Activities of recognizing and fulfilling in the body: All material entities interact with each
other in a definite manner, in a well-defined manner – so we can say that all the material entities
recognize and fulfil their relation with each other. We saw that Breathing, Heartbeat, Digestion etc
were activities in the body. The activities of the body can also be understood as recognition and
fulfilment. In fact, the mutual interaction between any two material entities can be understood as
recognition and fulfilment of their relationship. Any two material entities thus interact with each
other in a definite way.
2. Activities of knowing, assuming, recognizing and fulfilling in the self (‘I’): When it
comes to self, which is a sentient entity; a conscious entity; we will see that in addition to
‘recognizing and fulfilling’, there is also the activity of assuming and that of knowing. In fact,
recognizing and fulfilling in case of human beings will depend upon knowing and/or assuming. Let
us write down about the activities in ‘I’:
a. We assume – We all make assumptions. We say “I assumed this was true, but I was wrong”. Ex.
If I see a snake and assumed it to be a rope, I shall respond differently to it (recognition and
fulfilment), then if I take it to be a snake itself. We call this activity ‘assuming or mannana’.

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 M-106 Human Values I MBA | BTU | Unit II | Harmony in Individual

b. We recognize – We all recognize things today; we recognize a variety of things. Like, we recognize
water, our parents, friends, etc. We call this activity ‘recognizing or pahachaanana’. The recognizing
in ‘I’ depends on assuming.
c. We fulfil – Once we recognize water, we take it, when we recognize a friend, we greet him/her,
when we see a wounded dog, we try and help it. This response that follows recognition is called the
activity of ‘fulfilling or nirvaha karna’. The fulfillment depends on the recognition. Taken together
we can write it as (in I):

There is another activity that exists in us (in ‘I’) that we are largely unaware of or have not explored
properly. This activity is called ‘knowing’. Knowing means we have the right understanding – the
understanding of harmony at all levels of our living. When we have the right understanding, when
we have the knowledge of reality, it is definite, and then assuming becomes according to the
knowing, and hence recognizing and fulfilling becomes definite, or according to knowing. Until then,
it is subject to beliefs and assumptions, and this keeps changing.
When we list these down:

C. Understanding the self (‘I’) as the conscious entity, the body as the material body
Any entity that has the capacity of knowing, assuming, recognizing and fulfilling can be called as
conscious entity, or consciousness, or ‘I’ or jeevan. On the other hand, any entity that does not have
the activity of knowing and assuming is not a conscious entity. Similarly, any entity that has the
activity of recognizing and fulfilling only can be called a material body. According to the activities
of self and body we can say that while the self (‘I’) is the conscious entity, the body is a material
entity or physio-chemical in nature. The conscious entity (jivan) desires, thinks, selects, studies.
Thus, we can write:

The conscious entity The material entity

that desires, thinks, that has physio-chemical
imagines activities like
heartbeats, digesting
Knowing, assuming, Recognizing, and fulfilling
recognizing and fulfilling

2. Understanding the body as an instrument of ‘I’ (I being

the Seer, Doer and Enjoyer)
Explore the following proposals:
I Body
1. I am My body is
2. I want to live Body is used as an instrument (of ‘I’)
3. I want to live with continuous For nurture of body – food
happiness For protection of body – clothing, shelter etc.
For right utilization of body – instruments/

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 M-106 Human Values I MBA | BTU | Unit II | Harmony in Individual

equipment etc. are needed as physical facilities.

4. To understand and to live in Production, protection, and right utilization of physical
harmony at all 4 levels is the facilities is just a part of my program.
program for my continuous
happiness.
5. I am the seer, doer and enjoyer Body is an instrument
• I am the conscious entity; the body is the material entity. Body is my instrument. I am the one
who takes decisions, the body acts accordingly. The awareness of being alive is in me, in ‘I’.
• It is not just that I want to live, but I want to live with continuous happiness. For the body,
physical facilities are required in a limited quantity and temporarily. There are three
requirements related to the body, nutrition, protection and right utilization. For the nurture of
the body, food is required. For protection, clothing is required. For right utilization, instruments
are required.
• My complete program is to understand and live in harmony at all the four levels of my living.
• Ensuring physical facilities for the body is only a small part of the program. It consists of
production, protection and right utilization of physical facilities.
• I am the seer. I see through eyes, the eye doesn’t see, they are just an instrument used by me.
In the eyes, different images are formed every time - it is ‘I’ who is able to relate it to its meaning.
Seer also means the one that understands
• I am the doer. I select to do and use the hands or feet or other parts of the body to do the things.
‘Doer’ means ‘the one that does’, who takes decisions to do. It is also called ‘karta’.
• I am the enjoyer. When I eat, I get the taste. The body just gets in touch with the food and sends
the information to me, it is ‘I’ who enjoys the food. Enjoyer means ‘the one who enjoys’. It is
also called ‘bhokta’.

3. Harmony in Self - Understanding Myself

Human being is the co-existence of self and body. The body is the instrument of self and self is the
seer, doer and enjoyer. Self is continuously active to fulfil its need for happiness.
Why Should I Study Myself?
Knowing ourselves better helps us in the following ways:
1. The self is the basis of everything we do. All the desires and expectations we have are all there
in self. For e.g. to be famous, to get good marks, get great job, having good relationships in our
family or wanting ‘rasgulla’. Hence, it becomes important to understand these desires, thoughts, and
activities in self, so that we know whether they are right.
2. To understand happiness better and the causes for unhappiness because happiness and
unhappiness are states in self.
3. It helps us have more clarity about how we are within. This helps us become self- confident. It
also helps in establishing proper synergy between the self and the body.
4. Study of self-enable us to know our weaknesses and how to remove.
5. The more we understand ourselves, the more we understand other person as well and our
relationship with them.
6. It helps us to better understand our program, i.e. what is valuable to us, or what do we
ultimately want and how do we fulfil them.
Getting to know the Activities in Self (‘I’)
The self is conscious in nature while the body is physio-chemical in nature. The interaction
between the ‘I’ and the body is in the form of exchange of information. So, the focus of attention is

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 M-106 Human Values I MBA | BTU | Unit II | Harmony in Individual

on two categories of attributes of the self, namely, the powers of the self and the corresponding
activities as the manifest outcomes of these powers.
1. Power: This means the basic capacity in the self (‘I’). They are: desires, thoughts and expectations.
2. Activities: The activities are: imaging, analyzing, and selecting/tasting. The activity of analyzing
means breaking down the image into various parts or to open it up. Selecting/tasting is with the
expectation of fulfilling our desires with the expectation of happiness. The activity of
selecting/tasting is the basic level via which the self-interacts with the body.
Activities in self are related
There are two possible flows of the activities, and both keep taking place:
From outside (the body) to inside (in ‘I’)

1. Self receives sensations from body tasted in ‘I’ e.g. our self see a car through the information via
‘eyes’.

2. Based on taste, thought could be triggered e.g. we start thinking about the car.
3. Based on these thoughts, desires may be set e.g. when we starts thinking about the car it forms
an image that we are leading a good life by using a car and this way a good life by having a car
becomes a desire.
From inside (in ‘I’) to outside (the body)
1. When desire is set we start forming thoughts about fulfilling this desire. E.g. with the desire of a
good life via the car, we start thinking about how to get the car, what is the cost of the car, how can
I have that car, etc.
2. Based on this we make selection to fulfill these thoughts e.g. we choose the car its shape color etc
and then end up buying it.

Together we call these activities as imagination. Activities in self are continuous.

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 M-106 Human Values I MBA | BTU | Unit II | Harmony in Individual

We make choices with the external world based on our imagination today.
Imagination = Desires + Thoughts + Expectations
The Activities in ‘I’ are Continuous
This activity of imagination in ‘I’ is continuous and not temporary. The power may change but the
activity is continuous. The object of the taste may change but the activity of selecting/tasting is
continuous. Also, what we analyze may keep changing the activity of analyzing is continuous. E.g. my
object of taste may change from rasgulla, to engineering or nice-looking bike, etc. similarly I may
analyze about my personal life at one moment and about my surrounding at the next moment and
may start thinking about my relationships.
These activities keep going on in us irrespective of whether we want them or not. This is what
happens when we say, “I was going to the exam and that song kept repeating itself in me, it was so
distracting”.
What is the problem today?
Desires, thoughts, and expectations are largely being set by pre-conditioning and sensations
Preconditioning(manyata): Preconditioning means we have assumed something about our
desires on the basis of prevailing notion about it. We have not verified the desires in our own right.
As a result, we are not clear about what we will get out of fulfillment of that desire. What is the issue
with that? Unless we verify our desires, we may not even know whether they are ours. We may end
up spending an entire lifetime accumulating desires that are not ours, and in running around trying
to fulfill them.
Sensations: A perception associated with stimulation of a sense organ or with a specific body
condition: the sensation of heat; a visual sensation. A term commonly used to refer to the subjective
experience resulting from stimulation of a sense organ, for instance, a sensation of warm, sour, or
green.

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 M-106 Human Values I MBA | BTU | Unit II | Harmony in Individual

This is largely the case with us today: either we are operating based on preconditioned desires (set
from outside) or on the basis of sensation (coming from the body).

Effects of the problem

A. Conflicts and contradictions in ‘I’ as a result of pre-conditioned desire
We have not verified the desires, thoughts, and expectations in us on the basis of our own natural
acceptance. As a result, these desires, thoughts, and selections are in conflicts. Since the desires are
in conflict, the thoughts they give rise to, are also in conflict and in turn, the selection from the
thoughts are also in conflicts. This conflict affects us in different manners:
1. Wavering aspirations: Our goals keep shifting as the inputs from the outside also keep
changing.
Our desires thus keep shifting, because their source is outside and these preconditioned desires may
come from what we read, see, hear, from media, friends, society, etc. hence, we are always wavering
in what we want; we are not able to be certain about it.
2. Lack of confidence: Since our desires are shaky, we are not sure about them. As a result, we
lack self-confidence, in the true sense. Our confidence seems relative i.e. we keep comparing
ourselves with others in order to feel confident.
3. Unhappiness/conflicts: Since our desires, thoughts and expectations are in conflict, it
becomes the cause for our unhappiness, leading to stress and tension. Such desires will also be in
conflict with our natural acceptance
4. Lack of qualitative improvement in us: We focus largely on fulfilling the needs of the body.
As a result, we live with a sense of lack of fulfillment. We are doing many things, accumulating a lot,
progressing on paper, but we don’t feel that we have improved, that we have become better. It
seems that only the things around us are changing!
5. State of resignation: Because we do not understand ourselves properly and have
contradictions within, we slowly start getting disillusioned (pleasant but mistaken beliefs). We feel
that there are no solutions to these issues and end up in a state of resignation.
To sum up, if our desires, thoughts, and expectations are based on pre-conditionings, we are
generally in a state of great confusion. This leads to confusion, unhappiness, conflict, and stress. We
have lack of clarity about the self, relationships, society, nature and existence. We have lack of

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 M-106 Human Values I MBA | BTU | Unit II | Harmony in Individual

confidence. We have a feeling of being unfulfilled, unsettled. We operate largely on the basis of the
environment, driven from the outside – either from sensations, or based on pre-conditionings.
B. Short lived nature of pleasure from sensations:
The pleasure obtained from sensations is short-lived. We are driven by five sensations (sound from
the ears, touch from the skin, sight through eyes, taste from the mouth, and smell from the nose)
and most of the time we are busy trying to get pleasure in sensations, from the senses. We have so
much dependent on sensations that instead of giving us some sensory pleasure, it becomes the
source for our happiness. Then what is the issue with this is? This can be understood as follows:

The external object is temporary in nature the contact of the external object with the body is
temporary in nature. The sensation from the body to ‘I’ is temporary. And at last the taste of the
sensation from the body in ‘I’ is also temporary.
The need of the ‘I’ is continuous, i.e. we want to have happiness, and its continuity. Therefore, if the
source for our happiness is temporary, then our need for continuous happiness will never be fulfilled.
Hence, any sensation we have from the body can’t be the source for our lasting happiness.
No matter how much we try to be become happy via the senses, or via bodily sensation, it does not
last. This does not mean that we stop these sensations from the body, or that we stop tasting from
the senses. It only means that we need to understand the limitations of happiness or pleasure got
from the sensations from the body and need to understand what is there use or purpose. If we
confuse this purpose with the happiness, we are in trouble, since something that is temporary can’t
be the source for our continuous happiness.
We can thus understand that living on the basis of preconditioning (“good life means having a nice
car”) or sensations (happiness out of taste from the body) means being in a state of being decided
by the others or outside, i.e. enslaved (partantrata). We are at the mercy of the preconditioning and
the sensation. Whereas, we want to be in the state of self-organization of being decided by our own
self, in our own right (svantrata).
What is the Solution?
The solution is to start verifying our desires, thoughts, and expectations on the basis of our natural
acceptance. So how does the accessing of natural acceptance resolve this issue?
• It becomes possible for us to have the right understanding of the harmony at all levels of our
living.

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 M-106 Human Values I MBA | BTU | Unit II | Harmony in Individual

• When we have the right understanding, we are able to see our “true nature”, and what we
truly want. Our desires thus start getting set on the basis of this right understanding instead
of being driven by preconditioning /sensations.
• This put us at ease (freedom from anxiety and pain, conflicts). We are no longer struggling
or are in conflict at the various levels of our living.
Operating on the basis of our ‘natural acceptance’ thus leads to operating on the basis of our
‘realization’ and ‘understanding’.
Realization: Means to be able to see the reality as it is.
Understanding: Means to be able to understand the self-organization in all entities of
nature/existence and their inter-connected organization “as it is”.
These are the two activities in the self (‘I’) (placed at point 1 and 2 in the figure)
When we have (1) realization then (2) understanding becomes according to the realization. When
this happens, then (3) imaging or desires get set according to this understanding. Consequently, (4)
analysis or thoughts become according to the imaging/desires and hence, the (5) expectations or
selection/taste are according to the thoughts/analysis. This is called self- organization or svantrata.
This leads to happiness and its continuity.
In realization and understanding, we get the answer to “what is the reality?” This, for each one of us,
translates into the answers to “what to do?” and “why to do?” Then what remains to find out is “how
to do?”, which comes from imagination (activities 3, 4, and 5). Is we see today we are focusing on
“how to do?”, without trying to first verify “what to do?” and “why to do?”! It is just like traveling in
a comfortable AC vehicle on a smooth road without knowing where we have to go.

The problem today is that our activities of (1) realization and (2) understanding are inactive, we are
unaware of them. As a result, we are not able to operate on our own right and keep operating on
the basis of preconditioning and sensations i.e. we are operating only at the levels of (3) desire, (4)
thought and (5) expectations today. This is not sufficient for us as human being. We thus need to
operate at the levels (1) realization and (2) understanding as the basis on which (3), (4) and (5) get
definite.
Result of Realization and Understanding – Living with Definiteness

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 M-106 Human Values I MBA | BTU | Unit II | Harmony in Individual

Today our behavior is highly unpredictable and changes with who we are interacting, our state of
mind and many other factors. It is a reasonably confused state of affairs, of conflict and
contradiction, of unhappiness. This is called as having an ‘indefinite conduct’. We don’t find
unpredictability acceptable – in ourselves and in others. We desire for definiteness.
When we do not have right understanding, our desires keep shifting, and this indefiniteness is
reflected in our thoughts, and selections we make, and finally in our behavior and work. When we
operate on the basis of our preconditioned imagination or our preconditioned desires, thoughts and
selections we are not self-organized. On the other hand, when we operate on the basis of realization
and understanding, there is certainty in our behavior and our conduct. We are self-organized. This
self-organization is acceptable.

4. Harmony of Self (I) with The Body

Our Body – A Self Organized Unit
The human body is a self-organized and highly sophisticated mechanism. The body is made up of
several organs and glands and the different parts of the body keep working in a close co-ordination.
All the activities keep the body fit for the use of ‘I’ (self or jivana) so that ‘I’ and the body may work
in synergy as a human being. The silent aspects of this harmony between ‘I’ and the body are:
1. The body acts according to the needs of I.
2. There is harmony among the parts of the body.
3. What our body follow only by the permission of I.
4. There is a strong coupling between I and the body. If I am in disharmony e.g. in anger or stress
or despair. It immediately starts affecting the body adversely.
5. There are many diseases of the body that are caused or accentuated due to disharmony in I.
These are called psychosomatic diseases such as asthma, migraine, hyper-tension etc. On the
other hand, when there is a strong disturbance in the body manifesting in the form of severe
pain, it distracts I from its normal functions.
6. I have the feeling of sanyama for the body and the body has swasthya. Sanyama is basic to
swasthya.

Sanyama
Sanyama means the feeling of responsibility in the self (I) for nurturing, protection and right
utilization of the body.
Self-control or sanyama is the control of the mind and its desires, urges, emotions and delusions. It
is controlling the outgoing tendencies of the mind and the senses and bringing them back to our self
within. Self-control is the key to success in any field of life and it is an indispensable necessity for
self– realization, the goal of spiritual quest. Practice of self-control is most purifying because self–
control transform the quality of our mind.
Aspects of Sanyama
Self-control constitutes two main aspects of will power and self-discipline.

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 M-106 Human Values I MBA | BTU | Unit II | Harmony in Individual

The components of self-control

Will Power: Will power is an individuals’ activity to harness his or her energy. Energy may be:
⇒ Physical
⇒ Mental
⇒ Emotional
⇒ Spiritual energy
In order to achieve the goals and objectives, one aspires for such energy is necessary. If one’s energy
is a little deficient, then the individual makes up with another, so strong is the will to achieve the
goal. E.g. a marathon athlete may be tired and thirsty and every body part may be aching but his
mental strength drives him to complete the marathon and achieve his goal.
Self-Discipline: Self-discipline is the accompanying input that goes into self-control. Self-
discipline refers to the ability to train our body, mind, emotions and spirit to perform as per a
schedule or a routine.
Self-discipline makes a person strong enough to reject immediate gratification towards a higher goal
but it does require efforts and time to become self-disciplined. If a person has will power and is
disciplined, he/she gains control over his/her actions. Thus he/she can choose his/her behavior and
reactions, instead of being ruled by them.
Advantages of Self Control
1. Keeps a check on wrong habits, addictions etc.
2. Gives us confidence and improves our self-esteem.
3. Keeps our emotions in control.
4. Creates peace of mind, balance and a sense of equanimity (equilibrium, calmness)
5. Helps us to take charge of our own life.
6. Makes us more responsible and efficient in achieving our goals.
Obstacles in the Path of Self Control
1. Inability to understand the true meaning of self-control.
2. Overwhelming emotional outbursts
3. Acting without thinking
4. Mo incentive (encouragement) to exercising self-control
5. Lack of faith in one’s own abilities
6. Lack of confidence
7. Thinking that self-control is the opposite of fun.
8. Hedonistic life values - the attitude of ‘eat drink and be merry’ which may encourage losing
control.
Developing Self Control
If we want to develop self-control, we can fellow the steps given below:

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 M-106 Human Values I MBA | BTU | Unit II | Harmony in Individual

Swasthya
Swasthya is the condition of the body where every part of the body is performing its expected
function. The word swasthya literally means being anchored to the self, being in close harmony
with the self.
In other words, swasthya, in Sanskrit means self– dependence (swa = our own). Also, embedded in
its meaning is health, sound state, comfort, and satisfaction. In Hindi, the most widely spoken
language of India, it merely means health.

Health is the general condition of a person. It is also a level of functional and/or metabolic efficiency
of an organism, often implicitly human.
Aspects of Swasthya
Health or swasthya is a holistic term which includes: Healthy
⇒ Physical health Individual
⇒ Mental health Mental health Social health
⇒ Social health

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 M-106 Human Values I MBA | BTU | Unit II | Harmony in Individual

Fig: The Inputs of Holistic Health

Physical Health
For humans, physical health means a good body health, which is healthy because of regular
physical activity (exercise), good nutrition, and adequate rest.
Physical health relates to anything concerning our bodies as physical entities. In other terms,
physical health is physical wellbeing. Physical wellbeing is defined as something a person can
achieve by developing all health-related components of his/her lifestyle. Fitness reflects a person’s
cardio-respiratory endurance, muscular strength, flexibility, and body composition. Other
contributors of physical wellbeing may include proper nutrition, body weight management,
abstaining from drug abuse, avoiding alcohol abuse, responsible sexual behavior (sexual health),
hygiene and getting the right amount of sleep.
Building Physical Health
1. Eat a healthy, well-balanced diet.
2. Take care of personal hygiene and cleanliness (brushes our teeth regularly, bath daily, wear
clean clothes etc.
3. Keep our surrounding clean
4. Drink clean and safe water
5. Breathe deeply. Take deep slow breaths. Our body needs the oxygen
6. Go for a walk regularly
7. Exercise daily, play a game, go to the gym, jog or walk briskly
8. Avoid fizzy drink, chips and junk food as far as possible
9. Eat in moderate quantity – less is better than excess. But make sure what we eat is nutritious
10. Keep our nails clipped and clean
Mental Health
Mental health refers to people’s cognitive and emotional wellbeing. A person who enjoys good
mental health does not have a mental disorder. According to WHO, mental health is:
“A state of well-being in which the individual realizes his/her own abilities can cope with the
normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to
his/her community”.
In other words, sound mental health is that state of the mind which can maintain a calm positive
poise or regain it when unsettled for progressively longer durations or quickly, during all the
external vagaries of work life and social existence.
Most people agree that mental health includes the ability to enjoy life, the ability to bounce back
from adversity, the ability to achieve balance (moderation) the ability to be flexible and adapt, the
ability to feel safe and secure, and self- actualization (making the best of what we have).

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 M-106 Human Values I MBA | BTU | Unit II | Harmony in Individual

The Impediments to Sound Mental Health

Internal Causes: There are some major causes of impaired mental health. They are:
⇒ Greed: for money, power, recognition, etc
⇒ Jealousy: regarding one’s own information base, resources, etc.
⇒ Envy: regarding someone else’s achievement, reward, talent, etc.
⇒ Egoism/vanity: regarding one’s own accomplishment
⇒ Impatience: arise or originates from greed, jealousy, envy and egoism
⇒ Suspiciousness: arise or originates from greed, jealousy, envy and egoism
⇒ Anger: arise or originates from greed, jealousy, envy, egoism, impatience and suspiciousness
⇒ Frustration: arise or originates from greed, jealousy, envy and egoism and impatience
External Causes: These causes are often called ‘stressors’ and includes skill obsolescence, job
change, work-pressure, transfers, stock market crises, unemployment, weak empathy, student
agitation, problems with neighbors, militant unionism, and so on.
Restoring Mental Health
Here are a few vital guidelines whose practice could restore our personal command over mental
health:
1. Cultivate a sound philosophy of life, based on values.
2. Identify with an inner core of self-sufficiency through “simple living and high thinking”
3. Nourish a sense of equilibrium strive for excellence through ‘work is worship’ take pride in
our work
4. Build a stable and exalted inner reference point for the integration of contrary impulses,
emotions, etc
5. Cultivate the value of purity
6. Practice self-discipline through deep breathing
7. Develop the habit of radiating goodwill and harmony from the center of one’s being- be
positive, to attract good things
Social Health
Social health refers to the ability of a person to fit in with the social setup and maintain positive
and harmonious inter-personal relations. Social health contributes towards physical and mental
health which is why it must be given due importance.
Enhance Social Health
To enhance social health, a human being must:
1. Learn to be tolerant

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 M-106 Human Values I MBA | BTU | Unit II | Harmony in Individual

2. Learn to appreciate diversity and realize that people can be different from us and yet be very
capable in their own way
3. Practice good manners – always be polite and pleasant
4. Conduct oneself with grace and dignity
5. Be helpful, loyal and trustworthy. Develop the qualities of a good friend
6. Don’t be self-centered.
Determinants of health
The health of individual people and their communities are affected by a wide range of contributing
factors. People’s good or bad health is determined by their environment and situation– what is
happening and what has happened to them.
⇒ Where we live
⇒ The state of our environment
⇒ Genetics
⇒ Our income
⇒ Our educational level
⇒ Our relationship with friends and family
WHO says the main determinants of health are:
⇒ Our economy and society (“The social and economic environment”)
⇒ Where we live what is physically around us (“The physical environment”)
⇒ What we are and what we do (“The person’s individual characteristics and behavior”)
As our good health depends on the context of our lives, praising or criticizing people for their good
or bad health is wrong. Most of the factors that contribute towards our good or bad health are out
of our control.
Our State Today
What is our state today? Today we are facing different problems and they are lack of responsibility
towards the body, tendency for medication to suppress the ailment, and polluted air, water, food.
Let’s take them in detail:
A. Lack of Responsibility Towards the Body
Our lifestyle has become very busy and unnatural. We usually do not give priority to take proper
care of the body. We have increasingly stated eating at odd hours, eating junk food, and are largely
ignorant about the state of our body. We tend to look with contempt (disrespectful) on any kind of
physical work or labour. E.g., in an attempt to keep enjoying tasty food, we ignore the fact that we
are eating for the nourishment of the body and not to perpetuate (continue, maintain) the
happiness of ‘I’.
B. Tendency for Medication to Suppress the Ailment
Whenever there is a pain in any part of the body, it is a signal of some disorder which needs to be
properly attended to. However, our common tendency has become to suppress this pain by
immediate medication and then forget about it. Our focus today seems to be more on ‘fighting
germs in the body’ than on helping the body restore itself to its natural state of harmony.
In fact, today we are focusing a lot more on what to do if we fall ill rather then learning to live
healthy. It thus becomes important for each one of us to become aware of our own body and its
needs and how common, simple medication can be used to facilitate the body to come back to
health in care of ailments (slight illness).
C. Polluted Air, Water, Food

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 M-106 Human Values I MBA | BTU | Unit II | Harmony in Individual

We have polluted our environment today and it is directly or indirectly harming us. There is
contamination in the air, water, soil, plants and we are responsible for it. Our food has become
impure. Due to heavy use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and a lot of pollutions, our food has all
kinds of toxic contents in it. The air we breathe in, is polluted by various chemicals released from
industries and vehicles, while our water is also polluted due to industrial effluents (liquid sewage),
sewage etc. all this, surely, is not conductive to the health of people.

5. Programs to ensure Sanyam and Swasthya

Our present lifestyle and conditionings are not very conductive to keep the body fit and therefore it
is important to understand sanyama and swasthya correctly and maintain proper harmony with the
body. As a proposal, we need to work for the following few things
1. To understand and live with sanyama.
2. To understand the self-organization of the body and ensure health of the body.
1. Understanding and Living with Sanyama
Sanyama implies that the self takes the responsibility for proper nurturing, and right utilization of
the body. For this it is essential to understand the functioning of the body instrument. It is also
essential to understand that this instrument has a limited life span and undergoes a pattern of
growth and decay. The interaction of the self with the body has to be in consonance with the above
objectives which are achieved through sanyama.
a. Nurturing of the Body: Proper Food, Air, Water, Etc.
In the process of selecting food for the body, I need to make out the elements which make a
complete food so that it gives required nutrients and energy to the body.
On the basis of understanding of the harmony of the self with the body, it can be said that the food
needs to be eaten only when we feel hungry. The choice of the food has to be such that it is easily
digestible and the food needs to be taken with proper posture of the body and in right quantity.
b. Protection of the Body
The second issue is the protection of the body. The clothes we choose for protection need to be
such that they ensure proper interaction of the body with the environment. The right amount of
exposure of the body to the air, water, and sun is required to ensure its proper functioning.
c. Right Utilization of the Body (Sadupayoga)
Right utilization of the body as an instrument necessitates understanding the purpose for which this
instrument is to be used. Normally, we tend to believe that the body is an instrument for sensory
enjoyment, which is not correct. We also happen to use our body to exploit other human beings or
rest of the nature which is not right utilization. It is important to realize that the human body is an
instrument to facilitate right understanding and its actualization in life.

6. Correct Appraisal of Our Physical needs

We discussed about prosperity in chapter 3. There it was proposed that prosperity is the feeling of
having more than required physical facilities. Having discussed about Sanyama and Svãsthya, we
now understand that physical facilities are meant only for the nurturing, protection and right
utilization of the Body. Understanding the harmony between the Self and the Body also enables us
to adopt an appropriate lifestyle. The quantity of physical facilities required to fulfil these needs can
be determined appropriately in the light of Sanyama and Svãsthya. The correct appraisal of needs
constitutes the first step towards ensuring prosperity.

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 M-106 Human Values I MBA | BTU | Unit II | Harmony in Individual

We can see that:

Physical Facilities required for nurturing, protection & right utilization of Body are Food,
Shelter/clothing and Instruments/equipment and they are required in limited quantity.

Food Shelter/Clothing Instruments/Equipments

Required in Required in Required in

Limited Limited Limited
Quantity Quantity Quantity
It can be seen that required quantity of Physical Facilities for the above purpose are limited and can
be assessed. Then, ensuring the availability in excess of the required quantity leads to the feeling of
prosperity. With the understanding of the need for physical facilities under the above three heads
(as given in the diagram), you can evaluate whether you have more than required. It is quite likely
that most of you already have the physical facilities, more than required.
Do you feel prosperous now?
You will note that just by understanding the need for physical facilities for your body, you can
be prosperous in a moment, if you already have more than the limit you have assessed. On
the other hand, if one doesn’t explore the need for physical facilities, he/she can never be
prosperous, whatsoever be the amount of the possessions! Try to internalize this and
understand its implications.
Thus, when we look at the needs of the body, it becomes clear that the need for food, clothing and
shelter is limited. We have a common misconception today that our “needs are unlimited”.
However, on considering the needs of the body in order to maintain health and right utilization, it
turns out to be limited. If you look around in nature, it turns out that in nature, the availability of
facilities is more than our needs! As long as we are looking at the real needs of the Body, there is
enough in nature already for all of us! Example: there is more wheat grown in the world than we
can eat, more oxygen/air than we can breathe and more water than we can drink! Its only when we
see that the availability is more in nature than the limited needs of the body and this can easily be
fulfilled, there emerges a possibility of prosperity.
Today, we have assumed our needs to be unlimited (by confusing ‘I’ with the Body) and hence keep
running after “unlimited amounts”. We even fail to see that the word “unlimited” means “having
no end”, and hence, try accumulating endlessly! Thus, this becomes a mad race. If we are able to
see the simple point that there is a difference between the needs of the self and the needs of the
Body, and the needs of the body are limited, then there is the possibility of prosperity for each one
of us.

7. Meaning of Prosperity
Prosperity
Let us now look into prosperity and whether it is essential. It is easy to see that prosperity is related
to material things or what we call as ‘physical facilities’. Think of all the things we need today. We
use a brush to clean our teeth, clothes to wear, food to eat, vessels to cook and eat the food in, a
pair of spectacles, a two wheeler or a four wheeler vehicle, a radio set, a mobile phone etc. So we

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 M-106 Human Values I MBA | BTU | Unit II | Harmony in Individual

need physical things to take care of our body and these need to be catered to. When we are able to
cater to the needs of the body adequately, we feel prosperous.
Therefore, Prosperity is the feeling of having or making available more than required physical
facilities.
To ascertain prosperity, two things are essential:
(a) Correct assessment of need for physical facilities, and
(b) The competence of making available more than required physical facilities (through
sustainable production).
We need physical facilities as we saw in our earlier discussions. Do you think we can quantify the
need for physical facilities? Is there a limit to the need for physical facilities?
We will discuss about these issues in the succeeding chapters. At this point, one thing can be clearly
stated that we can be prosperous only if there is a limit to the need for physical facilities. If there is
no limit, whatsoever be the availability with us, the feeling of prosperity cannot be assured. A little
exploration in this direction, which we will carry out more elaborately in chapter 5, will show that
physical facilities are the needs of the body and their need is limited in time and quantity. Thus we
can identify a limit to these needs and evaluate whether we have enough.
Secondly, just assessing the need is not enough. We need to be able to produce or make available
more than the perceived need. Thus, prosperity can be clearly understood and evaluated. Evaluate
it for yourself. See if there is a limit to the need for physical facilities that you have listed for yourself.
See whether you feel prosperous at the moment. This is an important thing to understand!
While understanding prosperity, let us also look at another point - the difference between wealth
and prosperity. Is there a difference? For example, let’s assume I have a lot of wealth; a lot of money.
You come to my house, but I get worried that you may stay back longer than expected and I might
have to feed you, tea, snacks or even a meal. It is a funny situation, but it may happen. What would
we call this state? A person has a lot of money, but does not want to share even a bit of it. The person
has wealth, but feels “deprived”; in other words the person does not have a feeling of being
prosperous. If one felt prosperous, he/she would have shared what one has, since there is more than
enough wealth anyway.
On the other hand someone who does not have a lot of wealth may welcome you into his/her house
and ask you to stay back for a few days and help you out. This is an indication of feeling prosperous.
Thus, we can see that:
Wealth is a physical thing. It means having money, or having a lot of physical facilities, or both.
Prosperity is a feeling of having more than required. Prosperity is a feeling of having more than
required physical facilities; it is not just physical facilities. This is a very important distinction. We
mostly fail to make this distinction today. We keep working for wealth, without realizing that the
basic desire is for the feeling of prosperity, to have a feeling of having enough. Let’s ask ourselves,
“What is naturally acceptable to me?”:
Accumulating more and more wealth while feeling deprived OR Having requisite wealth and feeling
prosperous.
We find the latter naturally acceptable. Not only do we want wealth, but we want to feel prosperous
too. In other words, our basic desire is to feel prosperous, and wealth is a means to that end. In order
to feel prosperous, we need to first decide how much wealth/physical things is needed, else it is like
trying to fill water in a glass that has no bottom; the glass will never be filled, howsoever, one may
try.

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 M-106 Human Values I MBA | BTU | Unit II | Harmony in Individual

We see that today; we are generally unable to do this. We are busy accumulating wealth, but we
don’t feel prosperous! This is because, we do not identify our needs, and hence, no matter how much
we have, it is always less, and we feel deprived!
It is also important to point out that since for all our physical facilities, we are directly or indirectly
dependent on nature, the continuity of prosperity can be ensured only if our production systems are
in harmony with the nature. This implies that we use natural resources in a renewable manner and
utilize appropriate technologies so that the human needs are satisfied, and nature is also enriched.
For example, we need food for the body. We grow grains in our fields. If the farming method is such
that it retains/enhances the fertility of the soil, we can continue growing grains on the same piece of
land and keep feeding our body. Otherwise, the land may turn barren after some time, and we may
have to go without food.

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