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The Java Collections Framework (JCF) simplifies the management of groups of objects through various collection types such as List, Set, and Map. An Iterator allows for sequential access to elements in a collection, while a ListIterator provides bidirectional traversal and modification capabilities. HashMap is a key-value data structure that enables fast data retrieval and uses hashing for efficient storage, though it is not thread-safe.

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3 views

Untitled Document

The Java Collections Framework (JCF) simplifies the management of groups of objects through various collection types such as List, Set, and Map. An Iterator allows for sequential access to elements in a collection, while a ListIterator provides bidirectional traversal and modification capabilities. HashMap is a key-value data structure that enables fast data retrieval and uses hashing for efficient storage, though it is not thread-safe.

Uploaded by

Shaik imran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Java Collections Framework (JCF)

The Java Collections Framework (JCF) helps store and manage groups of objects easily. It
provides different ways to organize data.

Main Types of Collections:

Collection – A group of elements (basic interface).


List – Stores elements in order, allows access by index (e.g., ArrayList).
Set – No duplicates allowed (e.g., HashSet).
SortedSet – A Set that keeps elements sorted (e.g., TreeSet).
Map – Stores key-value pairs, keys must be unique (e.g., HashMap).
Queue – First-In-First-Out (FIFO) order (e.g., LinkedList).
Deque – A Queue that allows adding/removing from both ends (e.g., ArrayDeque).
JCF makes programming easier and more efficient.

2.What is an Iterator ?

An Iterator is an object that can be used to loop through collections, like ArrayList and
HashSet.
"Loop through" means going through each item in a collection one by one, usually using a
loop. This process is also called iteration.

3.What differences exist between Iterator and ListIterator?

In Java, an Iterator is a general interface used to traverse elements in any collection in a


forward direction only,
while a ListIterator is a more specialized iterator that allows for bidirectional traversal (both
forward and backward) and additional modification operations specifically for lists, enabling
you to add or replace elements during iteration

4.How HashMap works in Java

Definition of HashMap
A HashMap in Java is a data structure that stores key-value pairs. It allows fast retrieval,
insertion, and deletion of elements.

What is a Data Structure?


A data structure is a way to store, organize, and manage data efficiently.

Working process

1.Stores data as key-value pairs for quick access.

2.Uses hashing to place keys in memory locations (buckets).

3.Retrieves values fast by calculating the key’s hash code.


Example:
java
Copy code
HashMap<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("Apple", 10);
System.out.println(map.get("Apple")); // Output: 10
Key Points: Fast, unique keys, allows null, not thread-safe.

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