Question Notes Mathematics

Probability
By- Ashish Agarwal Sir
(IIT Kanpur)
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2023 (Paper 2)]

𝐚 𝟑 𝐛
Let 𝐑 = 𝐜 𝟐 𝐝 : 𝐚, 𝐛, 𝐜, 𝐝 ∈ 𝟎, 𝟑, 𝟓, 𝟕, 𝟏𝟏, 𝟏𝟑, 𝟏𝟕, 𝟏𝟗
𝟎 𝟓 𝟎
Then the number of invertible matrices in R is:

Ans. 3780
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2022 (26 July)]

𝐚 𝐛
The number of matrices 𝐀 = , where a, b, c, d  {–1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ....., 10},
𝐜 𝐝
such that A = A–1, is _________

Ans. 50
QUESTION

Evaluate:   i Cj )
( n
C + n

1 i  j n
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2022 (26 July)]

෍ 𝐧 𝐂 𝐧 𝐂 is equal to
𝐢 𝐣
𝐢,𝐣=𝟎
𝐢≠𝐣

A 𝟐𝟐𝐧 − 𝟐𝐧 𝐂
𝐧

B 𝟐𝟐𝐧−𝟏 − 𝟐𝐧−𝟏
𝐂𝐧−𝟏
𝟏𝟐𝐧
C 𝟐𝟐𝐧 − 𝐂𝐧
𝟐

D 𝟐𝟐𝐧−𝟏 + 𝟐𝐧−𝟏 𝐂
𝐧
QUESTION

𝟕 𝟏𝟒
𝟕𝐂
𝐤
෍ 𝟏𝟒 𝐂
෍ 𝐫 𝐂𝐤 . 𝟏𝟒 𝐂
𝐫 is equal to
𝐤
𝐤=𝟎 𝐫=𝐤
QUESTION

4 Apples and 3 Oranges are randomly placed in a line. Find the chance that the
two extreme fruits are both oranges.

Ans. 1/7
QUESTION

Two natural numbers are randomly selected from the set of first 20 natural
numbers. Find the probability that
(a) their sum is odd
(b) sum is even
(c) selected pair is twin prime
QUESTION

Consider throw of a pair of fair dice then find the following probabilities

(i) P(Total 2) = P(3) = P(4) = P(5) =

(ii) Probability of throwing a doublet =

(iii) Probability of throwing a total which is prime =

(iv) If A be the event that the sum of two numbers is 6 and B be the event
that the largest of the two numbers is 4. Then
𝐏 𝐀∩𝐁 = 𝐏 𝐀∪𝐁 =
QUESTION

A leap year is selected at random. Find the probability that it has

(a) 53 Sundays and Mondays
(b) 53 Sundays
(c) 53 Sundays or 53 Mondays
QUESTION

What is the chance that the fourth power of an integer chosen randomly ends
in the digit six.
QUESTION

A card is drawn randomly from a pack of 52 cards. Find the probability that
drawn card is
(i) neither heart nor face card
(ii) neither heart nor king
(iii) red face card
(iv) king or red card.
QUESTION

If 𝐀 and 𝐁 are any two events with 𝐏(𝐀) = 𝟑/𝟖; 𝐏(𝐁) = 𝟏/𝟐 and 𝐏(𝐀 ∩) = 𝟏/𝟒.
Find
(i) 𝐏(𝐀 ∪ 𝐁) (ii) 𝐏 𝐀𝐜 and 𝐏 𝐁𝐜 (iii) 𝐏 𝐀𝐜 ∩ 𝐁𝐜
(iv) 𝐏 𝐀𝐜 ∪ 𝐁 𝐜 (v) 𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁𝐜 ) (vi) 𝐏 𝐁 ∩ 𝐀𝐜

Ans. (i) 5/8, (ii) 5/8 & 1/2,

(iii) 3/8, (iv) 1/8, (vi) 1/4
 (RPP 1)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (1 Feb)]

𝐱 − 𝟏, 𝐱 is even
Let 𝐟(𝐱) = ൜ ; 𝐱 ∈ ℕ. If for some 𝐚 ∈ ℕ, 𝐟 𝐟 𝐟 𝐚 = 𝟐𝟏 then
𝟐𝐱, 𝐱 is odd
|𝐱|𝟑 𝐱
𝐥𝐢𝐦− − , where [t] denotes greatest integer less than or equal to t, is
𝐱→𝐚 𝐚 𝐚
equal to:

A 169

B 121

C 225

D 144

Ans. D
 (RPP 2)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (1 Feb)]

𝐚−𝐛 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝐱
; 𝐱<𝟎
𝐱𝟐
Let 𝐟: ℝ → ℝ be defined as: 𝐟(𝐱) = 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐜𝐱 + 𝟐;
𝟎≤𝐱≤𝟏
𝟐𝐱 + 𝟏; 𝐱>𝟏
If f is continuous everywhere in ℝ and m is the number of points where f is
NOT differential then m + a + b + c equals:

A 1

B 4

C 3

D 2
Ans. D
 (RPP 3)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (31 Jan)]

Consider the function 𝐟: (𝟎, ∞) → ℝ defined by 𝐟(𝐱) = 𝐞− 𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐞 𝐱 . If m and n be

respectively the number of points at which f is not continuous and f is not
differentiable, then m + n is

A 0

B 1

C 2

D 3

Ans. B
 (RPP 4)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (9 April)]

𝟐 −𝟓 𝟐𝟎 𝐱
Consider the matrices: 𝐀 = ,𝐁= and 𝐗 = 𝐲 .
𝟑 𝐦 𝐦
Let the set of all m, for which the system of equations AX = B has a negative
solution (i.e., x < 0 and y < 0), be the interval (a, b). Then
𝐛
𝟖 න 𝐀 𝐝𝐦 is equal to _________
𝐚

Ans. 450
 (RPP 5)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (9 April)]

Let A be a non-singular matrix of order 3. If

det (3 adj (2 adj ((det A) A))) = 3–13  2–10 and det (3 adj (2A)) = 2m  3n,
then |3m + 2n| is equal to ___________

Ans. 14
QUESTION

𝟕 𝟏𝟒
𝟕𝐂
𝐤
෍ 𝟏𝟒 𝐂
෍ 𝐫 𝐂𝐤 . 𝟏𝟒 𝐂
𝐫 is equal to
𝐤
𝐤=𝟎 𝐫=𝐤
 (RPP 2)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (1 Feb)]

𝐚−𝐛 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝐱
; 𝐱<𝟎
𝐱𝟐
Let 𝐟: ℝ → ℝ be defined as: 𝐟(𝐱) = 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐜𝐱 + 𝟐;
𝟎≤𝐱≤𝟏
𝟐𝐱 + 𝟏; 𝐱>𝟏
If f is continuous everywhere in ℝ and m is the number of points where f is
NOT differential then m + a + b + c equals:

A 1

B 4

C 3

D 2
Ans. D
QUESTION

If 𝐌 and 𝐍 are any two events, the probability that exactly one of them occurs is

A 𝐏(𝐌) + 𝐏(𝐍) − 𝟐𝐏(𝐌 ∩ 𝐍)

B 𝐏(𝐌) + 𝐏(𝐍) − 𝐏(𝐌 ∩ 𝐍)

C 𝐏 𝐌𝐜 + 𝐏 𝐍 𝐜 − 𝟐𝐏 𝐌𝐜 ∩ 𝐍 𝐜

D 𝐏(𝐌 ∪ 𝐍) − 𝐏(𝐌 ∩ 𝐍)
QUESTION

find the odds against these being all Red.

Ans. 37 : 5
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2022 (28 July)]

Out of 60% female and 40% male candidates appearing in an exam, 60%
candidates qualify it. The number of females qualifying the exam is twice the
number of males qualifying it. A candidate is randomly chosen from the
qualified candidates. The probability, that the chosen candidate is a female, is:
𝟐
A
𝟑
𝟏𝟏
B
𝟏𝟔
𝟐𝟑
C
𝟑𝟐
𝟏𝟑
D
𝟏𝟔
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2023 (10 April)]

Let 𝐍 denote the sum of the numbers obtained when two dice are rolled. If the
𝐦
probability that 𝟐 < 𝐍! is , where 𝐦 and 𝐧 are coprime, then 4m – 3n is
𝐍
𝐧
equal to:

A 12

B 6

C 8

D 10

Ans. C
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2021 (Feb)]

The coefficients a, b and c of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 are

obtained by throwing a dice three times. The probability that this equation has
equal root is:
𝟏
A
𝟕𝟐
𝟓
B
𝟐𝟏𝟔
𝟏
C
𝟑𝟔
𝟏
D
𝟓𝟒
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2022 (25 July)]

If the numbers appeared on the two throws of a fair six faced die are  and ,
then probability that x2 + x +  > 0, for all x  R, is:
𝟏𝟕
A
𝟑𝟔
𝟒
B
𝟗
𝟏
C
𝟐
𝟏𝟗
D
𝟑𝟔
QUESTION

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
If 𝐀 and 𝐁 are two events such that 𝐏(𝐀) = , 𝐏(𝐁) = and 𝐏(𝐀 ∪ 𝐁) = , then
𝟑 𝟓 𝟐
𝐏 𝐀 ∣ 𝐁′ + 𝐏 𝐁 ∣ 𝐀′ is equal to
𝟑
A
𝟒
𝟓
B
𝟖
𝟓
C
𝟒
𝟕
D
𝟖
QUESTION

Two dice are thrown together. Given that the sum is 8. Find the probability that
first dice shows an even number.
QUESTION

1. A bag contains 3 red & 3 green balls. Two balls are drawn one by on
without replacement. Find the probability that 1st ball is red & 2nd is
green.
2. An urn contain 10 B & 5 W balls. Two balls are drawn randomly one by
one without replacement from the urn. Find the probability that both are
black.
3. From pack of 52 well shuffled cards 3 cards are drawn one by one without
replacement. What is the probability that first 2 cards are king & 3rd is an
Ace.
4. A lot contains 12 items of which 4 are defective. 3 items are drawn one
after the other without replacement, find the probability that all 3 are
non defective.
QUESTION

Given P(A) = 1/2, P(B) = 1/3, P(A  B) = 1/4, find

(i) (B/𝐀 ഥ) (ii) ഥ /𝐁
P(𝐀 ഥ)
(iii) P(A  𝐁
ഥ) (iv) P(A/A  B)
QUESTION

E : they are of different colours

(i) when not replaced;

(ii) when replaced
QUESTION

A purse contains 10 tickets, five printed with I and five printed with T.
3 tickets are drawn without replacement and arranged in the same order in
which they are drawn on the table. Find the probability that IIT is formed.

Ans. 5/36
QUESTION

A problem in mathematics is given to 2 children who solve it independently. If

probability of A solving it is 𝟏/𝟐 and probability of 𝐁 solving it is 𝟐/𝟑. Find the
probability that the problem is solved.
QUESTION [JEE Main 2023 (11 April)]

Let 𝐒 = 𝐌 = 𝐚𝐢𝐣 , 𝐚𝐢𝐣 ∈ {𝟎, 𝟏, 𝟐}, 𝟏 ≤ 𝐢, 𝐣 ≤ 𝟐 be a sample space

and 𝐀 = {𝐌 ∈ 𝐒: 𝐌 is invertible } be an event.
Then 𝐏(𝐀) is equal to:
𝟒𝟕
A
𝟖𝟏
𝟒𝟗
B
𝟖𝟏
𝟓𝟎
C
𝟖𝟏
𝟏𝟔
D
𝟐𝟕
Ans. C
QUESTION [JEE Main 2023 (30 Jan)]

If an unbiased die, marked with –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3 on its faces, is thrown five
times, then the probability that the product of the outcomes is positive, is:
𝟐𝟕
A
𝟐𝟖𝟖
𝟓𝟐𝟏
B
𝟐𝟓𝟗𝟐
𝟒𝟒𝟎
C
𝟐𝟓𝟗𝟐
𝟖𝟖𝟏
D
𝟐𝟓𝟗𝟐

Ans. B
QUESTION [JEE Advance 2012]

Four fair dice 𝐃𝟏 , 𝐃𝟐 , 𝐃𝟑 and 𝐃𝟒 each having six faces numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and
6 are rolled simultaneously. The probability that 𝐃𝟒 shows a number
appearing on one of 𝐃𝟏 , 𝐃𝟐 and 𝐃𝟑 , is
𝟗𝟏
A
𝟐𝟏𝟔
𝟏𝟎𝟖
B
𝟐𝟏𝟔
𝟏𝟐𝟓
C
𝟐𝟏𝟔
𝟏𝟐𝟕
D
𝟐𝟏𝟔
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2007]

Let 𝐄𝐜 denote the complement of an event 𝐄 . Let 𝐄, 𝐅, 𝐆 be pairwise

independent events with 𝐏(𝐆) > 𝟎 and 𝐏(𝐄 ∩ 𝐅 ∩ 𝐆) = 𝟎.
Then 𝐏 𝐄𝐜 ∩ 𝐅 𝐜 ∣ 𝐆 equals :

A 𝐏 𝐄𝐜 + 𝐏 𝐅 𝐜

B 𝐏 𝐄𝐜 − 𝐏 𝐅 𝐜

C 𝐏 𝐄𝐜 − 𝐏 𝐅

D 𝐏(𝐄) − 𝐏 𝐅 𝐜
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (6 April)]

If three letters can be posted to any one of the 5 different addresses, then the
probability that the three letters are posted to exactly two addresses is:
𝟏𝟖
A
𝟐𝟓
𝟏𝟐
B
𝟐𝟓
𝟔
C
𝟐𝟓
𝟒
D
𝟐𝟓

Ans. B
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (5 April)]

The coefficients a, b, c in the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 are chosen

from the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). The probability of this equation having
repeated roots is:
𝟏
A
𝟏𝟐𝟖
𝟏
B
𝟔𝟒
𝟑
C
𝟐𝟓𝟔
𝟑
D
𝟏𝟐𝟖
Ans. B
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (8 April)]

Let the sum of two positive integers be 24. If the probability, that their product
𝟑 𝐦
is not less than times their greatest possible product, is , where gcd(m, n) = 1,
𝟒 𝐧
then n – m equals

A 10

B 11

C 9

D 8

Ans. A
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (9 April)]

Let a, b and c denote the outcome of three independent rolls of a fair

tetrahedral die, whose four faces are marked 1, 2, 3, 4. If the probability that
𝐦
ax2 + bx + c = 0 has all real roots is , gcd(m, n) = 1, then m + n equal to ________
𝐧

Ans. 19
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (9 April)]

If an unbiased dice is rolled thrice, then the probability of getting a greater

number in the ith roll than the number obtained in the (i – 1)th roll, i = 1, 2, 3, is
equal to

A 5/54

B 2/54

C 1/54

D 3/54

Ans. A
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (30 Jan)]

Two integers x and y are chosen with replacement from the set
{0, 1, 2, 3, ...., 10). Then the probability that |x – y| > 5, is:
𝟑𝟏
A
𝟏𝟐𝟏
𝟔𝟎
B
𝟏𝟐𝟏
𝟔𝟐
C
𝟏𝟐𝟏
𝟑𝟎
D
𝟏𝟐𝟏

Ans. D
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (29 Jan)]

An integer is chosen at random from the integers 1, 2, 3, ...., 50. The probability
that the chosen integer is a multiple of atleast one of 4, 6 and 7 is

𝟖
A
𝟐𝟓
𝟗
B
𝟓𝟎
𝟏𝟒
C
𝟐𝟓
𝟐𝟏
D
𝟓𝟎

Ans. D
 (RPP 1)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (27 Jan)]

Let for a differentiable function

𝐱
𝐟: 𝟎, ∞ → 𝐑, 𝐟 𝐱 − 𝐟 𝐲 ≥ 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐞 + 𝐱 − 𝐲, ∀ 𝐱, 𝐲 ∈ (𝟎, ∞). Then
𝐲
𝟐𝟎
𝟏
෍ 𝐟′ 𝟐
𝐢𝐬 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐨 ____________
𝐧
𝐧=𝟏

Ans. 2890
 (RPP 2)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (9 April)]

𝐧 𝟐𝐧 𝐧 𝟖𝐧 𝐧 𝟐𝐧⋅𝐧𝟐
Let 𝐥𝐢𝐦 − + − + ⋯+ −
𝐧→∞ 𝐧𝟒 +𝟏 𝐧𝟐 +𝟏 𝐧𝟒 +𝟏 𝐧𝟒 +𝟏𝟔 𝐧𝟐 +𝟒 𝐧𝟒 +𝟏𝟔 𝐧𝟒 +𝐧𝟒 𝐧𝟐 +𝐧𝟐 𝐧𝟒 +𝐧𝟒
𝛑
be , using only the principal values of the inverse trigonometric functions.
𝐤
Then k2 is equal to ______________

Ans. 32
 (RPP 3)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (5 April)]

𝛑
𝛑 𝟐
𝟐𝐱 𝐝𝐱 𝛑𝟐 𝐝𝐭
If 𝐟(𝐭) = න 𝟐 𝟐
, 𝟎 < 𝐭 < 𝛑, then the value of ඲ equals _______
𝟎 𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐭 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱 𝐟(𝐭)
𝟎

Ans. 1
 (RPP 4)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (4 April)]

𝐱+𝟐 𝐲+𝟑 𝐳−𝟓 𝐱−𝟑 𝐲−𝟐 𝐳+𝟒

If the shortest distance between the lines = = and = = is
𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟏 −𝟑 𝟐
𝟑𝟖 𝐤
𝐤, and ධ 𝐱 𝟐 𝐝𝐱 = 𝛂 − 𝛂, where [x] denotes the greatest integer function,
𝟑 𝟓 𝟎
then 𝟔𝛂𝟑 is equal to _____________

Ans. 48
 (RPP 5)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (9 April)]

Let the set of all values of 𝐩, for which

𝐟 𝐱 = 𝐩𝟐 − 𝟔𝐩 + 𝟖 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝟐𝐱 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝟐𝐱 + 𝟐(𝟐 − 𝐩)𝐱 + 𝟕
does not have any critical point, be the interval (a, b). Then 16ab is equal to ______

Ans. 252
 (RPP 6)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (5 April)]

𝟐
Let the maximum and minimum values of 𝟖𝐱 − 𝐱𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐 − 𝟒 + (𝐱 − 𝟕)𝟐 , 𝐱 ∈ 𝐑
be M and m, respectively. Then M2 – m2 is equal to _____________

Ans. 1600
QUESTION

Probability that a teacher takes a surprise test is 𝟏/𝟑. If a student remains

absent for two days then find the probability that he misses
(i) exactly one test
(ii) at least one test
(iii) atmost one test
QUESTION

The probability that an antiaircraft gun can hit an enemy plane at the first,
second and third shot are 𝟎. 𝟔, 𝟎. 𝟕 and 0.1 respectively. Find the probability
that the gun hits the plane.

Ans. 0.892
QUESTION

𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
A murder case is held by a 3 Judge Bence. P(A) = , P(B) = , P(C) = are their
𝟑 𝟑 𝟐
respective probabilities of making a decision ins favour of accused. Find the
probability that accused is set free.
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (31 Jan)]

A coin is biased so that a head is twice as likely to occur as a tail. If the coin is
tossed 3 times, then the probability of getting two tails and one head is

𝟏
A
𝟗
𝟐
B
𝟗
𝟏
C
𝟐𝟕
𝟐
D
𝟐𝟕

Ans. B
QUESTION

An urn contains 1R, 2G and 3B balls. Three people A, B & C in order draw one
ball from the urn and put it back after noting its colour. They continue doing it
indefinitely unless one who draws a red ball first wins the game. Compute their
respective chances of winning the game.
QUESTION

A pair of dice is rolled until a total of 5 or 7 is obtained. Find the probability

that the total of 5 comes before a total of 7.
QUESTION

Ram & Shyam toss a coin in tum indefinitely until head occur for the first time.
The person getting the head for the first time wins. If Ram start tossing, then
find their respective chance of winning.
QUESTION

Two persons A and B one by one in order drawn one ball each from a purse
containing 5W and 1R balls and retain it. The person who gets a red ball wins
the game.
E : event that 'A' wins and F : event that 'B' wins,
then E and F are equiprobable. [T/F]
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2017]

Three randomly chosen nonnegative integers x, y and z are found to satisfy the
equation x + y + z = 10. Then the probability that z is even, is
𝟓
A
𝟏𝟏
𝟏
B
𝟐
𝟔
C
𝟏𝟏
𝟑𝟔
D
𝟓𝟓
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (5 April)]

The coefficients a, b, c in the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 are from the

set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). If the probability of this equation having one real root
bigger than the other is p, then 216p equals:

A 38

B 76

C 57

D 19

Ans. A
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (29 Jan)]

Fifteen football players of a club-team are given 15 T-shirts with their names
written on the backside. If the players pick up the T-shirts randomly, then the
probability that at least 3 players pick the correct T-shirt is:
𝟏
A
𝟔
𝟐
B
𝟏𝟓
𝟓
C
𝟐𝟒

D 0.08
Ans. D
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (31 Jan)]

Two marbles are drawn in succession from a box containing 10 red, 30 white,
20 blue and 15 orange marbles, with replacement being made after each
drawing. Then the probability, that first drawn marble is red and second
drawn marble is white, is
𝟒
A
𝟐𝟓
𝟐
B
𝟑
𝟐
C
𝟐𝟓
𝟒
D Ans. D
𝟕𝟓
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (29 Jan)]

A fair die is thrown until 2 appears. Then the probability, that 2 appears in
even number of throws, is
𝟓
A
𝟏𝟏
𝟓
B
𝟔
𝟏
C
𝟔
𝟔
D
𝟏𝟏

Ans. A
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (27 Jan)]

An urn contains 6 white and 9 black balls. Two successive draws of 4 balls are
made without replacement. The probability, that the first draw gives all white
balls and the second draw gives all black balls, is:
𝟑
A
𝟐𝟓𝟔
𝟓
B
𝟐𝟓𝟔
𝟑
C
𝟕𝟏𝟓
𝟓
D
𝟕𝟏𝟓
Ans. C
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (1 Feb)]

𝟐
Let Ajay will not appear in JEE exam with probability p = , while both Ajay and
𝟕
𝟏
Vijay will appear in the exam with probability q = . Then the probability, that
𝟓
Ajay will appear in the exam and Vijay will not appear is:
𝟗
A
𝟑𝟓
𝟑
B
𝟑𝟓
𝟐𝟒
C
𝟑𝟓
𝟏𝟖
D Ans. D
𝟑𝟓
QUESTION

Lady has three compartments in her purse the first compartment contains one
Rs1 rupee and two 50 paise coins second compartment contains two Rs 1 coins
and three 50 Paisa coins the third compartment contains three Rs 1 coins and
four 50 Paisa coins, watching her a beggar approaches she randomly puts her
hand in the purse and selects a coin for the beggar, find the probability that the
beggar is lucky enough to get a Rs 1 coin.
QUESTION

Three political parties namely the Congress, the B.J.P. and the Janta Dal are
contesting for a state legislative assembly elections. The state does not have a
common entrance test after the 12th standard, for the admissions to the
medical or engineering colleges. The probabilities of these parties winning the
𝟏 𝟒 𝟐
elections are , & respectively. If the Congress comes to the power, the
𝟑 𝟗 𝟗
probability of its introducing the common entrance test for the state is 0.6 and
the corresponding probabilities for the B.J.P. and Janta Dal are 0.7 and 0.5
respectively. Find the probability that the common entrance test is introduced.

Ans. 28/45
QUESTION

In a company there are 3 machine x, y & z. Machine x produces 50% of total

production of which 3% are defective. Machine y produces 30% of total
production of which 4% are defective and machine z produces 20% of total
production of which 5% is defective. Out of total production lot 1 item is
randomly selected. What is the probability that the selected item is defective?

Ans. 0.037
QUESTION

A box contains 5 tubes, 2 of them defective and 3 good one. Tubes are tested by
one-by-one till the 2 defective tubes are discovered. What is the probability
that the testing procedure comes to an end at the end of
(A) second testing
(B) 3rd testing
QUESTION

An urn contains m white, n black balls. A ball is drawn at random and is put
back in to the urn along with k additional balls of same colour as that of the
ball drawn. A ball is again drawn at random. Find the probability that the ball
drawn is white.

𝐦
Ans.
𝐦+𝐧
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2022 (28 July)]

𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
Let 𝐀 and 𝐁 be two events such that 𝐏(𝐁 ∣ 𝐀) = , 𝐏(𝐀 ∣ 𝐁) = and 𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁) = .
𝟓 𝟕 𝟗
Consider
𝟓
(S1) : 𝐏 𝐀 ∪ 𝐁 = ,
′
𝟔
𝟏
(S2) : 𝐏 𝐀′ ∩ 𝐁′ = , Then
𝟏𝟖

A Both (S1) and (S2) are true

B Both (S1) and (S2) are false

C Only (S1) is true

D Only (S2) is true

QUESTION [JEE Mains 2022 (25 June)]

Let E1 and E2 be two events such that the conditional probabilities

𝟏 𝟑 𝟏
P(E1 | E2) = , P(E2 | E3) = and P(E1 ∩ E2) = . Then :
𝟐 𝟒 𝟖

A 𝐏(𝐄𝟏 ∩ 𝐄𝟐 ) = 𝐏(𝐄𝟏 ) ⋅ 𝐏(𝐄𝟐 )

B 𝐏(𝐄𝟏′ ∩ 𝐄𝟐′ ) = 𝐏(𝐄𝟏′ ) ⋅ 𝐏(𝐄𝟐 )

C 𝐏(𝐄𝟏 ∩ 𝐄𝟐′ ) = 𝐏(𝐄𝟏 ) ⋅ 𝐏(𝐄𝟐 )

D 𝐏(𝐄𝟏′ ∩ 𝐄𝟐 ) = 𝐏(𝐄𝟏 ) ⋅ 𝐏(𝐄𝟐 )

Ans. C
QUESTION [IIT-JEE 2012 (Paper 2)]

Let 𝐗 and 𝐘 be two events such that

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝐏(𝐗 ∣ 𝐘) = , 𝐏(𝐘 ∣ 𝐗) = and 𝐏(𝐗 ∩ 𝐘) = .
𝟐 𝟑 𝟔
Which of the following is (are) correct?
𝟐
A 𝐏(𝐗 ∪ 𝐘) =
𝟑

B 𝐗 and 𝐘 are independent

C 𝐗 and 𝐘 are not independent

𝟏
D 𝐏 𝐗𝐜 ∩𝐘 =
𝟑

Ans. A, B
QUESTION

A lot contains 20 articles. The probability that the lot contains exactly 2
defective articles is 0.4 & the probability that the lot contains exactly 3
defective articles is 0.6. Articles are drawn from the lot at random one by one
without replacement and are tested till all defective articles are found. The
probability that the testing procedure ends at the twelfth testing.

Ans. 99/1900
QUESTION

A bag contains 3 R & 3 G balls and a person draws out 3 at random. He then
drops 3 blue balls into the bag & again draws out 3 at random. The chance that
the 3 later balls being all of different colours is

A 15%

B 20%

C 27%

D 40%

Ans. C
QUESTION [JEE Main 2023 (15 April)]

A bag contains 6 white and 4 black balls. A die is rolled once and the number of
balls equal to the number obtained on the die are drawn from the bag at
random. The probability that all the balls drawn are white is:

𝟏
A
𝟒
𝟗
B
𝟓𝟎
𝟏
C
𝟓
𝟏𝟏
D
𝟓𝟎
Ans. C
QUESTION

Bag A has 𝟗𝐆 and 𝟏𝐑 balls & Bag B has 10G balls and no red ball. 9 balls are
transferred from Bag A to Bag B & then 9 balls are transferred from Bag B to
Bag A. After these pair of operation are performed find the probability that red
ball is still in Bag A.

Ans. 10/19
QUESTION

Three shots are fired at a target in succession. The probabilities of a hit in the
first shot is 1/2, in the second 2/3 & in the third shot is 3/4. In case of one hit
probability of destroying the target is 2/3 and in case of two shots hit it is 7/11
and in case of three shot hits, it is 1. Find the probability of destroying the
target.
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2024 (Paper 2)]

A bag contains N balls out of which 3 balls are white, 6 balls are green, and the
remaining balls are blue. Assume that the balls are identical otherwise. Three
balls are drawn randomly one after the other without replacement. For i = 1, 2, 3,
let Wi, Gi, and Bi denote the events that the ball drawn in the ith draw is a white
ball, green ball, and blue ball, respectively. If the probability
𝟐 𝟐
𝐏 𝐖𝟏 ∩ 𝐆𝟐 ∩ 𝐁𝟑 = and the conditional probability 𝐏 𝐁𝟑 𝐖𝟏 ∩ 𝐆𝟐 ) = , then N
𝟓𝑵 𝟗
equals. _______

Ans. 11
 (KTK 1)
QUESTION

𝟏𝟎

If ෍ 𝐫(𝐫 − 𝟏) 𝟏𝟎 𝐂𝐫 = 𝐤 ⋅ 𝟐𝟗 , then k is equal to

𝐫=𝟏

A 10

B 45

C 90

D 100

Ans. B
 (KTK 2)
QUESTION

(𝟏𝟏
𝟎
) ( 𝟏𝟏
𝟏
) ( 𝟏𝟏
𝟐
) ( 𝟏𝟏
𝟏𝟏
) 𝐧
The sum + + + ..…+ equals (where denotes 𝐧 𝐂𝐫 )
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟏𝟐 𝐫
𝟐𝟏𝟏
A
𝟏𝟐
𝟐𝟏𝟐
B
𝟏𝟐
𝟐𝟏𝟏 − 𝟏
C
𝟏𝟐
𝟐𝟏𝟐 − 𝟏
D
𝟏𝟐
Ans. D
 (KTK 3)
QUESTION

Find the sum of following series:

𝟓𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝟐𝟎

(i) ෍( 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏−𝐫
𝐂𝟗𝟓𝟎 ൯ (ii) ෍ 𝟏𝟎𝟎+𝐫
𝐂𝐫 (iii) ෍ 𝐦+𝐧+𝐫
𝐂𝐫
𝐫=𝟏 𝐫=𝟎 𝐫=𝟎

Ans. (i) 1001C951, (ii) 111C10, (iii) m+n+21C20

 (KTK 4)
QUESTION

The value of
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟓𝟎 𝟓𝟎 𝟓𝟎 𝟓𝟎 𝐧
+𝟐 +𝟑 + ⋯ + 𝟓𝟎 is equal to (where = 𝐧 𝐂𝐫 )
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟓𝟎 𝐫
𝟏𝟎𝟎
A
𝟓𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎
B 𝟓𝟎
𝟓𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎
C 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟓𝟎
𝟐𝟒𝟗
D 𝟏 ∙ 𝟑 ∙ 𝟓 … . . 𝟗𝟗
𝟒𝟗! Ans. B
 (KTK 5)
QUESTION

𝟓𝟎 𝟓𝟎 𝟓𝟎 𝟓𝟎 𝟓𝟎 𝟓𝟎 𝐧
The value of + + ⋯+ is, where 𝐂𝐫 =
𝐧
𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟒𝟗 𝟓𝟎 𝐫
𝟏𝟎𝟎
A
𝟓𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎
B 𝟓𝟏
𝟓𝟎
C 𝟐𝟓
𝟐
𝟓𝟎
D
𝟐𝟓
Ans. B
 (KTK 6)
QUESTION

𝟑𝟐 𝟑𝟑 𝟐𝐚 −𝟏 𝐛
If 𝟑𝟏 ⋅ 𝟐𝟎 𝐂
𝟎+ 𝟐 ⋅ 𝟐𝟎 𝐂𝟏 + ⋅ 𝟐𝟎 𝐂𝟐 + .... upto 21 terms = , then the value of
𝟑 𝐛 𝐚
is equal to

A 1/2

B 2

C 1/3

D 3

Ans. A
 (KTK 7)
QUESTION

Match the following columns:

Column I Column II
𝟓𝟒 𝐂
(A) The value of 𝟓𝟎 𝐂
𝟏𝟎 +
𝟒𝟗 𝐂
𝟏𝟎 +
𝟒𝟖 𝐂
𝟏𝟎 + ⋯ +
𝟏𝟎 𝐂
𝟏𝟎 is (P) 𝟏𝟎

𝟓𝟑 𝐂
(B) The value of 𝟓𝟎 𝐂
𝟏+
𝟓𝟎 𝐂
𝟐+
𝟓𝟎 𝐂
𝟑 + ⋯+
𝟓𝟎 𝐂
𝟒𝟗 is (Q) 𝟏𝟎

𝟓𝟏 𝐂
(C) The value of 𝟓𝟎 𝐂
𝟏𝟎 + 𝟑 ⋅
𝟓𝟎 𝐂
𝟗+𝟑⋅
𝟓𝟎 𝐂
𝟖+
𝟓𝟎 𝐂
𝟕 is (R) 𝟏𝟏

(D) The value of 𝟓𝟎 𝐂

𝟏𝟎 + 𝟒 ⋅
𝟓𝟎 𝐂
𝟗+𝟔⋅
𝟓𝟎 𝐂
𝟖+𝟒⋅
𝟓𝟎 𝐂
𝟕+
𝟓𝟎 𝐂
𝟔 is (S) 𝟐𝟓𝟎 − 𝟐

(T) 𝟐𝟓𝟎 − 𝟏

Ans. A → (R), B → (S), C → (Q), D → (P),

 (KTK 8)
QUESTION

𝐧 𝐧
𝐧 𝟏 𝐫
For 𝐧 ≥ 𝟐, let 𝐂𝐫 = and 𝐚𝐧 = ෍ (i) ෍ 𝐂 (a) 𝐧𝐚𝐧
𝐫 𝐂𝐫 𝐫
𝐫=𝟎 𝐫=𝟎
𝐧
𝐧−𝐫 𝟏
(ii) ෍ 𝐂 (b) 𝐚𝐧−𝟏
𝐫 𝐧
𝐫=𝟎
𝐧
𝟏 𝟏
(iii) ෍ 𝐫𝐂 (c) 𝐧𝐚𝐧
𝐫 𝟐
𝐫=𝟏
𝐧−𝟏
𝟏 𝟏
(iv) ෍ 𝐧 − 𝐫 𝐂 (d) 𝐚𝐧−𝟏
𝐫 𝟐𝐧
𝐫=𝟎

Ans. (i) → (c); (ii) → (c); (iii) → (b); (iv) → (b)

 (RPP 1)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (9 April)]

The number of integers, between 100 and 1000 having the sum of their digits
equals to 14, is ____________

Ans. 70
 (RPP 2)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (5 April)]

The number of ways of getting a sum 16 on throwing a dice four times is ________

Ans. 125
 (RPP 3)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (4 April)]

There are 4 men and 5 women in Group A, and 5 men and 4 women in Group B.
If 4 persons are selected from each group, then the number of ways of selecting
4 men and 4 women is ____________

Ans. 5626
 (RPP 4)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2023 (12 April)]

Let the digits a, b, c be in A. P. Nine-digit numbers are to be formed using each

of these three digits thrice such that three consecutive digits are in A.P. at least
once. How many such numbers can be formed?

Ans. 1260
 (RPP 5)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2023 (10 April)]

The sum of all the four-digit numbers that can be formed using all the digits
2, 1, 2, 3 is equal to ____________

Ans. 26664
 (RPP 6)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2023 (10 April)]

The number of permutations, of the digits 1, 2, 3, ....., 7 without repetition,

which neither contain the string 153 nor the string 2467, is ____________

Ans. 4898
 (RPP 2)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (5 April)]

The number of ways of getting a sum 16 on throwing a dice four times is ________

Ans. 125
 (RPP 4)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2023 (12 April)]

Let the digits a, b, c be in A. P. Nine-digit numbers are to be formed using each

of these three digits thrice such that three consecutive digits are in A.P. at least
once. How many such numbers can be formed?

Ans. 1260
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (29 Jan)]

Fifteen football players of a club-team are given 15 T-shirts with their names
written on the backside. If the players pick up the T-shirts randomly, then the
probability that at least 3 players pick the correct T-shirt is:
𝟏
A
𝟔
𝟐
B
𝟏𝟓
𝟓
C
𝟐𝟒

D 0.08
Ans. D
 (KTK 8)
QUESTION

𝐧 𝐧
𝐧 𝟏 𝐫
For 𝐧 ≥ 𝟐, let 𝐂𝐫 = and 𝐚𝐧 = ෍ (i) ෍ 𝐂 (a) 𝐧𝐚𝐧
𝐫 𝐂𝐫 𝐫
𝐫=𝟎 𝐫=𝟎
𝐧
𝐧−𝐫 𝟏
(ii) ෍ 𝐂 (b) 𝐚𝐧−𝟏
𝐫 𝐧
𝐫=𝟎
𝐧
𝟏 𝟏
(iii) ෍ 𝐫𝐂 (c) 𝐧𝐚𝐧
𝐫 𝟐
𝐫=𝟏
𝐧−𝟏
𝟏 𝟏
(iv) ෍ 𝐧 − 𝐫 𝐂 (d) 𝐚𝐧−𝟏
𝐫 𝟐𝐧
𝐫=𝟎

Ans. (i) → (c); (ii) → (c); (iii) → (b); (iv) → (b)

QUESTION

A box contains N coins, m of which are fair and rest are biased. The probability
of getting a head when a fair coin is tosses is 1/2, while it is 2/3 when a biased
coin is tossed. A coin is drawn from the box at random and is tossed twice. The
probability that it shows a head first time and second time is
𝟐 𝐦
A +
𝟗 𝟑𝟔𝐍
𝟏 𝐦
B +
𝟗 𝟑𝟔𝐍
𝟏 𝐦
C +
𝟑 𝟑𝟔𝐍

D None of these
QUESTION

An author writes a good book with a probability of 1/2. If it is good it is

published with a probability of 2/3. If it is not, it is published with a
probability of 1/4. Find the probability that he will get atleast one book
published if he writes two.
QUESTION

Two cards are drawn from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards. Find the
probability that one of them is a red card & the other is a queen.
QUESTION

Mr. A and Mr. B each have a bag that contains one ball of each of the colours
blue, green, orange, red and violet. 'A' randomly selects one ball from his bag
and puts it into B's bag. 'B' then randomly selects one ball from his bag and
puts it into A's bag. The probability that after this process the contents of the
two bags are the same, is
𝟏 𝟏
A B
𝟔 𝟓
𝟏 𝟏
C D
𝟑 𝟐
QUESTION

If a, b and c are three numbers (not necessarily different) chosen randomly

and with replacement from the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, the probability that (ab + c) is
even, is
𝟑𝟓
A
𝟏𝟐𝟓
𝟓𝟗
B
𝟏𝟐𝟓
𝟔𝟒
C
𝟏𝟐𝟓
𝟕𝟓
D
𝟏𝟐𝟓
QUESTION

When a missile is fired from a ship, the probability that it is intercepted is 1/3.
The probability that the missile hits the target, given that it is not intercepted
is 3/4. If three missiles are fired independently from the ship, the probability
that all three hit the target, is

A 1/12

B 1/8

C 3/8

D 3/4
QUESTION

Two numbers a and b are selected from the set of natural number then the
probability that (a2 + b2) is divisible by 5 is
𝟗
A
𝟐𝟓
𝟕
B
𝟏𝟖
𝟏𝟏
C
𝟑𝟔
𝟏
D
𝟑
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2021 (Paper 1)]

Three numbers are chosen at random, one after another with replacement,
from the set S = {1, 2, 3, ......, 100). Let p1 be the probability that the maximum
of chosen numbers is at least 81 and p2 be the probability that the minimum of
chosen numbers is at most 40.
𝟔𝟐𝟓
The value of p1 is _____________
𝟒

Ans. 76.25
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2021 (Paper 1)]

Three numbers are chosen at random, one after another with replacement,
from the set S = {1, 2, 3, ......, 100). Let p1 be the probability that the maximum
of chosen numbers is at least 81 and p2 be the probability that the minimum of
chosen numbers is at most 40.
𝟏𝟐𝟓
The value of p2 is _____________
𝟒

Ans. 24.5
QUESTION

A pair of dice is thrown 6 times, getting a doublet is considered a success.

Compute the probability of
(i) no success (ii) exactly one success
(iii) at least one success (iv) at most one success

Ans. (i) (5/6)6, (ii) 6C1(1/6) (5/6)5,

(iii) 1 – (i), (iv) (i) + (ii)
QUESTION

A coin is twice as likely to land heads as tails. In a sequence of independent

tosses, find the probability that the third head occurs on the fifth toss.

Ans. 16/81
QUESTION

A drunkard takes a step forward or backward. The probability that he takes a

step forward is 0.4. Find the probability that at the end of 11 steps he is one
step away from the starting point.
QUESTION

A bomber wants to destroy a bridge. Two bombs are sufficient to destroy it. If
four bombs are dropped, what is the probability that it is destroyed, if the
chance of a bomb hitting the target is 0.4.
QUESTION [JEE Main 2023 (10 April)]

Let a die be rolled 𝐧 times. Let the probability of getting odd numbers seven
times be equal to the probability of getting odd numbers nine times. If the
𝐤
probability of getting even numbers twice is 𝟏𝟓 , then 𝐤 is equal to:
𝟐

A 15

B 60

C 30

D 90

Ans. B
QUESTION [JEE Main 2022 (26 June)]

Let a biased coin be tossed 5 times. If the probability of getting 4 heads is equal
to the probability of getting 5 heads, then the probability of getting atmost two
heads is:
𝟐𝟕𝟓
A
𝟔𝟓
𝟑𝟔
B
𝟓𝟒
𝟏𝟖𝟏
C
𝟓𝟓
𝟒𝟔
D
𝟔𝟒
QUESTION

A pack of cards has one card missing. Two cards are drawn randomly and are
found to be spades. The probability that the missing card is not a spade, is:
QUESTION [JEE Main 2023 (8 April)]

In a bolt factory, machines 𝐀, 𝐁 and 𝐂 manufacture respectively 20%, 30% and

50% of the total bolts. Of their output 3,4 and 2 percent are respectively
defective bolts. A bolt is drawn at random from the product. If the bolt drawn is
found the defective, then the probability that it is manufactured by the
machine 𝐂 is:
𝟐
A
𝟕
𝟗
B
𝟐𝟖
𝟓
C
𝟏𝟒
𝟑
D Ans. C
𝟕
QUESTION

'A' writes a letter to his friend and gives it to his son to post it in a letter box, the
reliability of his son being 3/4. The probability that a letter posted will get
delivered is 8/9. At a later date 'A' hears from 'B' that the letter has not reached
him. Find the probability that the son did not post the letter at all.

Ans. 3/4
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2022 (24 June)]

Bag A contains 2 white, 1 black and 3 red balls and bag B contains
3 black, 2 red and n white balls. One bag is chosen at random and 2 balls
drawn from it at random, are found to be 1 red and 1 black. If the probability
that both balls come from Bag A is 6/11, then n is equal to

A 13

B 6

C 4

D 3
QUESTION

In a test an examinee either guesses or copies or knows the answer to a

multiple choice question with 4 choices (one or more than one correct). The
probability that he makes a guess is 1/3 and the probability that he copies the
answer is 1/6. The probability that his answer is correct given that he copied
it, is 1/8. Find the probability that he knows the answer to the question given
that he correctly answered it.
QUESTION [JEE Advance 2010]

𝟒 𝟏
A signal which can be green or red with probability and respectively, is
𝟓 𝟓
received by station A and then transmitted to station B. The probability of each
𝟑
station receiving the signal correctly is . If the signal received at station 𝐁 is
𝟒
green, then the probability that the original signal was green is
𝟑
A 𝟓
𝟔
B 𝟕
𝟐𝟎
C 𝟐𝟑
𝟗
D 𝟐𝟎
 Basic Practice Problems (BPP)

1. A problem in mathematics is given to three students and their respective

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
probabilities of solving the problem are , and . The probability that the
𝟐 𝟑 𝟒
problem is solved, is
𝟑 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
(A) (B) (C) (D)
𝟒 𝟐 𝟑 𝟑
2. A dice is thrown 3 times and the sum of the 3 numbers thrown is 15. The
probability that the first throw was a four, is
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐
(A) (B) (C) (D)
𝟓 𝟒 𝟔 𝟓
3. Three faces of a fair dice are yellow, two faces red and one blue. The dice is
tossed three times. The probability that the colours yellow, red and blue
appear in the first, second and third toss respectively, is
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(A) (B) (C) (D)
𝟔 𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝟒 𝟑𝟔
 Basic Practice Problems (BPP)

4. A speaks truth in 75% of cases and B in 80% of cases. The percentage of

cases they are likely to contradict each other in stating the same fact, is
(A) 30% (B) 35% (C) 45% (D) 25%
5. An unbiased dice with faces marked 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 is rolled four times. Out of
four face values obtained the probability that the minimum face value is not
less than 2 and the maximum face value is not greater than 5, is
𝟏𝟔 𝟏 𝟖𝟎 𝟔𝟓
(A) (B) (C) (D)
𝟖𝟏 𝟖𝟏 𝟖𝟏 𝟖𝟏

6. Three numbers are chosen at random without replacement from

(1, 2, 3, ..., 10). The probability that the minimum of the chosen number is 3
or their maximum is 7, is
𝟏𝟏 𝟕 𝟏𝟏 𝟕
(A) (B) (C) (D)
𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎 𝟒𝟎 𝟒𝟎
 Basic Practice Problems (BPP)

7. Seven white balls and three black balls are randomly placed in a row. The
probability that no two black balls are placed adjacently, is
𝟏 𝟕 𝟐 𝟏
(A) (B) (C) (D)
𝟐 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟑
8. Two numbers are selected randomly from the set S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) without
replacement. The probability that minimum of the two numbers is less than
4, is
𝟏 𝟏𝟒 𝟏 𝟒
(A) (B) (C) (D)
𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟓 𝟓

𝟏+𝟑𝐩 𝟏−𝐩 𝟏−𝟐𝐩

9. If , and and are the probabilities of the three mutually
𝟑 𝟒 𝟐
exclusive events, then p 
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(A) [0, 1] (B) 𝟎, (C) ,𝟏 (D) ,
𝟐 𝟑 𝟑 𝟐
 Basic Practice Problems (BPP)

10. Three identical dice are rolled once. The probability that the same number
will appear on each of them, is
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
(A) (B) (C) (D)
𝟔 𝟑𝟔 𝟏𝟖 𝟐𝟖

11. If the letters of the word ASSASSIN are written down in a row, the probability
that no two S's occur together, is
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(A) (B) (C) (D)
𝟑𝟓 𝟐𝟏 𝟏𝟒 𝟐𝟖
 Basic Practice Problems (BPP)

12. A box contains 2 black, 4 white and 3 red balls. One ball is drawn at random
from the box and kept aside. From the remaining balls in the box another
ball is drawn and kept beside the first. This process is repeated till all the
balls are drawn from the box. The probability that the balls drawn from the
box are in the sequence 2 black, 4 white and 3 red, is
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(A) (B) (C) (D)
𝟏𝟐𝟔 𝟔𝟑𝟎 𝟏𝟐𝟔𝟎 𝟐𝟓𝟐𝟎

13. If three distinct numbers are chosen randomly from the first 100 natural
numbers, then the probability that all three of them are divisible by both 2
and 3, is
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
(A) (B) (C) (D)
𝟓𝟓 𝟑𝟓 𝟑𝟑 𝟏𝟏𝟓𝟓
 Basic Practice Problems (BPP)

14. There are 2 vans each having numbered seats, 3 in the front and 4 at the
back. There are 3 girls and 9 boys to be seated in the vans. The probability of
3 girls sitting together in a back row on adjacent seats, is
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(A) (B) (C) (D)
𝟏𝟑 𝟑𝟗 𝟔𝟓 𝟗𝟏

15. A and B stand in a ring along with 10 other persons. If the arrangement is at
random, then the probability that there are exactly 3 persons between A and
B, is
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒
(A) (B) (C) (D)
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
 BPP Answers

1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (D)

4. (B) 5. (A) 6. (C)
7. (B) 8. (D) 9. (D)
10. (D) 11. (C) 12. (C)
13. (D) 14. (D) 15. (B)
 (RPP 1)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (1 Feb)]

𝐱 𝟏𝟐

Let 𝐟: 𝟎, ∞ → ℝ and 𝐅 𝐱 = න 𝐭𝐟 𝐭 𝐝𝐭 . If 𝐅 𝐱𝟐 = 𝐱𝟒 + 𝐱𝟓 , then ෍ 𝐟 𝐫𝟐 is equal to

𝟎 𝐫=𝟏

Ans. 219
 (RPP 2)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (31 Jan)]

𝛑
𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝐱 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱
𝟐
඲ 𝟒 𝟒
𝐝𝐱 is equal to
𝛑 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱
𝟎

Ans. 15
 (RPP 3)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (1 Feb)]

Let 𝐒 = (−𝟏, ∞) and 𝐟: 𝐒 → ℝ be defined as

𝐱
𝐟(𝐱) = න (𝐞𝐭 − 𝟏)𝟏𝟏 (𝟐𝐭 − 𝟏)𝟓 (𝐭 − 𝟐)𝟕 (𝐭 − 𝟑)𝟏𝟐 (𝟐𝐭 − 𝟏𝟎)𝟔𝟏 𝐝𝐭
−𝟏
Let p = sum of squares of the values of x, where f(x) attains local maxima on S,
and q = sum of the values of x, where f(x) attains local minima on S. Then, the
value of p2 + 2q is ______________

Ans. 27
 (RPP 4)
QUESTION [JEE Main 2023 (10 April)]

The number of permutations, of the digits 1, 2, 3, ......., 7 without repetition,

which neither contain the string 153 nor the string 2467, is ___________

Ans. 4898
 (RPP 5)
QUESTION [JEE Main 2023 (10 April)]

The sum of all the four-digit numbers that can be formed using all the digits
2, 1, 2, 3 is equal to _____________

Ans. 26664
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2021 (Paper 1)]

Three numbers are chosen at random, one after another with replacement,
from the set S = {1, 2, 3, ......, 100). Let p1 be the probability that the maximum
of chosen numbers is at least 81 and p2 be the probability that the minimum of
chosen numbers is at most 40.
𝟔𝟐𝟓
The value of p1 is _____________
𝟒

Ans. 76.25
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2021 (Paper 1)]

Three numbers are chosen at random, one after another with replacement,
from the set S = {1, 2, 3, ......, 100). Let p1 be the probability that the maximum
of chosen numbers is at least 81 and p2 be the probability that the minimum of
chosen numbers is at most 40.
𝟏𝟐𝟓
The value of p2 is _____________
𝟒

Ans. 24.5
 (RPP 2)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (31 Jan)]

𝛑
𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝐱 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱
𝟐
඲ 𝟒 𝟒
𝐝𝐱 is equal to
𝛑 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱
𝟎

Ans. 15
 (RPP 4)
QUESTION [JEE Main 2023 (10 April)]

The number of permutations, of the digits 1, 2, 3, ......., 7 without repetition,

which neither contain the string 153 nor the string 2467, is ___________

Ans. 4898
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2018 (15 April)]

A box 'A' contains 2 white, 3 red and 2 black balls. Another box 'B' contains 4
white, 2 red and 3 black balls. If two balls are drawn at random, without
eplacement, from a randomly selected box and one ball turns out to be white
while the other ball turns out to be red, then the probability that both balls are
drawn from box 'B' is:
𝟗
A
𝟏𝟔
𝟕
B
𝟏𝟔
𝟗
C
𝟑𝟐
𝟕
D Ans. B
𝟖
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2021 (August)]

An electric instrument consists of two units. Each unit must function

independently for the instrument to operate. The Probability that the first unit
functions is 0.9 and that of the second unit is 0.8. The instrument is switched in
and it fails to operate. If the probability that only the first unit failed and
second unit is functioning is P, then 98p is equal to __________.
QUESTION [IIT-JEE 2011]
Paragraph
Let U1 and U2 be two urns such that U1 contains 3 white and 2 red balls, and U2
contains only 1 white ball. A fair coin is tossed. If head appears then 1 ball is
drawn at random from U1 and put into U2. However, if tail appears then 2 balls
are drawn at random from U1 and put into U2. Now 1 ball is drawn at random
from U2.
The probability of the drawn ball from U2 being white is -
𝟏𝟑 𝟐𝟑
A B
𝟑𝟎 𝟑𝟎
𝟏𝟗 𝟏𝟏
C D
𝟑𝟎 𝟑𝟎

Ans. B
QUESTION [IIT-JEE 2011]
Paragraph
Let U1 and U2 be two urns such that U1 contains 3 white and 2 red balls, and U2
contains only 1 white ball. A fair coin is tossed. If head appears then 1 ball is
drawn at random from U1 and put into U2. However, if tail appears then 2 balls
are drawn at random from U1 and put into U2. Now 1 ball is drawn at random
from U2.
Given that the drawn ball from U2 is white, the probability that head appeared
on the coin is:
𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟏
A B
𝟐𝟑 𝟐𝟑
𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟐
C D
𝟐𝟑 𝟐𝟑

Ans. D
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2022 (29 July)]

Bag I contains 3 red, 4 black and 3 white balls and Bag II contains
2 red, 5 black and 2 white balls. One ball is transferred from Bag I to Bag II and
then a ball is drawn from Bag II. The ball so drawn is found to be black in
colour. Then the probability, that the transferred ball is red, is:
𝟒
A
𝟗
𝟓
B
𝟏𝟖
𝟏
C
𝟔
𝟑
D
𝟏𝟎
Ans. B
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2020 (2 Sep)]

Box I contains 30 cards numbered 1 to 30 and Box II contains 20 cards

numbered 31 to 50. A box is selected at random and a card is drawn from it.
The number on the card is found to be a non-prime number. The probability
that the card was drawn from Box I is:
𝟖
A
𝟏𝟕
𝟐
B
𝟑
𝟐
C
𝟓
𝟒
D
𝟏𝟕
Ans. A
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2020 (Paper 2)]

Two fair dice, each with faces numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, are rolled together
and the sum of the numbers on the faces is observed. This process is repeated
till the sum is either a prime number or a perfect square. Suppose the sum
turns out to be a perfect square before it turns out to be a prime number. If p is
the probability that this perfect square is an odd number, then the value of 14p
is ____________

Ans. 8
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2019]

Let |X| denote the number of elements in a set X. Let S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} be a

sample space, where each element is equally likely to occur. If A and B are
independent events associated with S, then the number of ordered pairs (A, B)
such that 1  |B|  |A|, equals _____________
QUESTION

A bag contains 3 biased coins B1, B2 and B3 whose probabilities of falling head
wise are 1/3, 2/3 and 3/4 respectively. A coin is drawn randomly and tossed,
fell head wise. Find the probabilities that the same coin when tossed again will
fall head wise.

Ans. 23/26
QUESTION

A bag contains 5 balls of unknown colours. A ball is drawn twice with

replacement from the bag found to be red on both the occasions. The contents
of the bag were replenished. If now two ball are drawn simultaneously from
the bag, find the probabilities that they will be both red. Assume all number of
red balls in the bag to be equally likely.

Ans. 377/550
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (6 April)]

A company has two plants A and B to manufacture motorcycles. 60%

motorcycles are manufactured at plant A and the remaining are manufactured
at plant B. 80% of the motorcycles manufactured at plant A are rated of the
standard quality, while 90% of the motorcycles manufactured at plant B are
rated of the standard quality. A motorcycle picked up randomly from the total
production is found to be of the standard quality. If p is the probability that it
was manufactured at plant B, then 126p is
A 65

B 66

C 56

D 64 Ans. A
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (8 April)]

There are three bags X, Y and Z. Bag X contains 5 one-rupee coins and
4 five-rupee coins; Bag Y contains 4 one-rupee coins and 5 five-rupee coins and
Bag Z contains 3 one- rupee coins and 6 five-rupee coins. A bag is selected at
random and a coin drawn from it at random is found to be a one-rupee coin.
Then the probability, that it came from bag Y, is:
𝟏
A
𝟐
𝟏
B
𝟑
𝟓
C
𝟏𝟐
𝟏
D Ans. B
𝟒
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (4 April)]

Three urns A, B and C contain 7 red, 5 black; 5 red, 7 black and 6 red, 6 black
balls, respectively. One of the urn is selected at random and a ball is drawn
from it. If the ball drawn is black, then the probability that it is drawn from urn
A is:
𝟒
A
𝟏𝟕
𝟓
B
𝟏𝟔
𝟓
C
𝟏𝟖
𝟕
D
𝟏𝟖 Ans. C
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (30 Jan)]

Bag A contains 3 white, 7 red balls and Bag B contains 3 white, 2 red balls. One
bag is selected at random and a ball is drawn from it. The probability of
drawing the ball from the bag A, if the ball drawn is white, is
𝟏
A
𝟒
𝟏
B
𝟑
𝟑
C
𝟏𝟎
𝟏
D
𝟗
Ans. B
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (27 Jan)]

A fair die is tossed repeatedly until a six is obtained. Let X denote the number
of tosses required and let
𝐛+𝐜
a = P(X = 3), b = P(X  3) and c = P(X  6 | X > 3). Then is equal to
𝐚

Ans. 12
QUESTION

Two players of equal skill A and B are playing a game. They leave off playing
(due to some force majeure conditions) when A wants 3 points and B wants 2
to win. If the prize money is Rs. 16000/-. How can the referee divide the money
in a fair way.
QUESTION

2 hunters A and B shot at a bear simultaneously. The bear was shot dead with
only one bullet hole in its body. Probability of A shooting the bear is 0.8 and
that of B shooting the bear is 0.4. The hide was sold for Rs 28000 divide this
money in a fair way.
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2019]

In a game, a man wins Rs. 100 if he gets 5 or 6 on a throw of a fair die and loses
Rs. 50 for getting any other number on the die. If he decides to throw the die
either till he gets a five or a six or to a maximum of three throws, then his
expected gain/loss (in rupees) is:

A 0

𝟒𝟎𝟎
B loss
𝟑
𝟒𝟎𝟎
C loss
𝟗
𝟒𝟎𝟎
D gain
𝟑
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2019]

A person throws two fair dice. He wins Rs. 15 for throwing a doublet (same
numbers on the two dice), wins Rs. 12 when the throw results in the sum of 9,
and loses Rs. 6 for any other outcome on the throw. Then the expected
gain/loss (in Rs.) of the person is:
𝟏
A gain
𝟐

B 2 gain

𝟏
C loss
𝟒
𝟏
D loss
𝟐
QUESTION

There are 3 clubs A, B and C in a town with 40, 50 and 60 members

respectively. 10 people are members of all the three clubs, 70 are members in
only one club. A member is randomly selected. Find the probability that he had
membership of exactly two clubs.
𝟕
A
𝟏𝟓
𝟏
B
𝟔
𝟑
C
𝟐𝟏
𝟓
D
𝟐𝟏
 (RPP 1)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (1 Feb)]

Three points O(0, 0), P(a, a2), Q(–b, b2), a > 0, b > 0, are on the parabola y = x2.
Let S1 be the area of the region bounded by the line PQ and the parabola, and S2
𝐒𝟏 𝐦
be the area of the triangle OPQ. If the minimum value of is , gcd(m, n) = 1,
𝐒𝟐 𝐧
then m + n is equal to _____________

Ans. 7
 (RPP 2)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (8 April)]

Let the area of the region enclosed by the curve y = min {sin x, cos x} and the
x-axis between 𝐱 = −𝛑 to 𝐱 = 𝛑 be 𝐀. Then 𝐀𝟐 is equal to ____________

Ans. 16
 (RPP 3)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2023 (13 April)]

𝐱+𝟏 𝐱 𝛑
If 𝐒 = 𝐱 ∈ ℝ ∶ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 −𝟏
− 𝐬𝐢𝐧 −𝟏
= , 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧
𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐱 + 𝟐 𝐱𝟐 + 𝟏 𝟒

𝟐
𝛑
෍ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱 +𝐱+𝟓 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱𝟐 + 𝐱 + 𝟓 𝛑 𝐢𝐬 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐨 ___________
𝟐
𝐱∈𝐬

Ans. 4
 (RPP 4)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (9 April)]

Let the centre of a circle, passing through the points (0, 0), (1, 0) and touching
the circle x2 + y2 = 9, be (h, k). Then for all possible values of the coordinates of
the centre (h, k), 4(h2 + k2) is equal to _____________.

Ans. 9
 (RPP 5)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2023 (6 April)]

A circle passing through the point P(, ) in the first quadrant touches the two
coordinate axes at the points A and B. The point P is above the line AB. The
point Q on the line segment AB is the foot of perpendicular from P on AB. If PQ
is equal to 11 units, then the value of  is ____________

Ans. 121
 Today's BPP

1. A bag A contains 3 white and 2 black balls and another bag B contains
2 white and 4 black balls. A bag and a ball out of it are picked at random.
The probability that the ball is white, is
𝟐 𝟕 𝟒 𝟕
(A) (B) (C) (D)
𝟕 𝟗 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓

2. There are two bags, one of which contains 3 black and 4 white balls, while
the other contains 4 black and 3 white balls. A die is cast. If the face 1 or 3
turns up a ball is taken out from the first bag and if any other face turns
up, a ball is taken from the second bag. The probability of choosing a black
ball, is
𝟕 𝟖 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟏
(A) (B) (C) (D)
𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟐𝟏 𝟐𝟏
 Today's BPP

3. There are two groups of subjects, one of which consists of 5 Science

subjects and 3 Engineering subjects and the other consists of 3 Science
and 5 Engineering subjects. An unbiased die is cast. If number 3 or 5 turns
up, a subject from group I is selected, otherwise a subject is selected from
group II. The probability that an Engineering subject is selected
ultimately, is
𝟕 𝟗 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟏
(A) (B) (C) (D)
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟕 𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟎
4. Urn A contains 6 red and 4 white balls and urn B contains 4 red and
6 white balls. One ball is drawn at random from urn A and placed in urn B.
Then a ball is drawn from urn B and placed in urn A. Now, if one ball is
drawn from urn A, the probability that it is red, is
𝟔 𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟔 𝟑𝟐
(A) (B) (C) (D)
𝟏𝟏 𝟓𝟎 𝟓𝟓 𝟓𝟓
 Today's BPP

5. A box contains N coins, of which m are fair and the rest are biased. The
𝟏 𝟐
probability of getting head when a fair coin is tossed is , while it when a
𝟐 𝟑
biased coin is tossed. A coin is drawn from the box at random and is tossed
twice. The first time it shows head and the second time it shows tail. The
probability that the coin drawn is fair, is
𝟓𝐦 𝟑𝐦 𝟕𝐦 𝟗𝐦
(A) (B) (C) (D)
𝐦+𝟖𝐍 𝐦+𝟖𝐍 𝐦+𝟖𝐍 𝐦+𝟖𝐍

6. A pack of playing cards was found to contain only 51 cards. If the first
13 cards which are examined are all red, then the probability that the
missing card is black, is
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟔
(A) (B) (C) (D)
𝟑 𝟑 𝟐𝟔 𝟑𝟗
 Today's BPP

7. A purse contains n coins of unknown values. A coin is drawn from it at

random and is found to be a rupee. Then the chance that it is the only
rupee coin in the purse, is
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
(A) (B) (C) (D)
𝐧 𝐧+𝟏 𝐧 𝐧+𝟏 𝐧 𝐧+𝟏

8. A card is lost from a pack of 52 playing cards. From the remainder of the
pack, one card is drawn and is found to be a spade. The probability that
the missing card is a spade, is
𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓
(A) (B) (C) (D)
𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟕
 Today's BPP

9. A person is known to speak the truth 4 times out of 5. He throws a die and
reports that it is an ace. The probability that it is actually an ace, is
𝟏 𝟐 𝟒 𝟓
(A) (B) (C) (D)
𝟑 𝟗 𝟗 𝟗

10. Each of the n urns contains 4 white and 6 black balls, the (n + 1)th urn
contains 5 white and 5 black balls. Out of (n + 1) urns an urn is chosen at
random and two balls are drawn from it without replacement. Both the
balls are found to be black. If the probability that the (n + 1)th urn was
𝟏
chosen to drawn the balls is , the value of n is
𝟏𝟔
(A) 10 (B) 11 (C) 12 (D) 13
 BPP Answers

1. (D) 2. (D)
3. (C) 4. (D)
5. (D) 6. (B)
7. (D) 8. (C)
9. (C) 10. (A)
 Today's BPP

7. A purse contains n coins of unknown values. A coin is drawn from it at

random and is found to be a rupee. Then the chance that it is the only
rupee coin in the purse, is
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
(A) (B) (C) (D)
𝐧 𝐧+𝟏 𝐧 𝐧+𝟏 𝐧 𝐧+𝟏
 Today's BPP

9. A person is known to speak the truth 4 times out of 5. He throws a die and
reports that it is an ace. The probability that it is actually an ace, is
𝟏 𝟐 𝟒 𝟓
(A) (B) (C) (D)
𝟑 𝟗 𝟗 𝟗
 (RPP 5)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2023 (6 April)]

A circle passing through the point P(, ) in the first quadrant touches the two
coordinate axes at the points A and B. The point P is above the line AB. The
point Q on the line segment AB is the foot of perpendicular from P on AB. If PQ
is equal to 11 units, then the value of  is ____________

Ans. 121
QUESTION

For 3 events A, B and C

𝐏(exactly one of the events 𝐀 or 𝐁 occurs)
𝐏(exactly one of the events 𝐁 or 𝐂 occurs) ቑ = 𝐩
𝐏(exactly one of the events 𝐂 or 𝐀 occurs)
𝐏(all the 3 events occurs simultaneously) = 𝐩𝟐
If 𝐀, 𝐁, 𝐂 are exhaustive then find the value(s) of 𝐩.

Ans. 1/2
QUESTION

Three person A, B, C independently fire at a target. Suppose

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝐏(𝐀) = ; 𝐏(𝐁) = ; 𝐏(𝐂) = denote their probabilities of hitting the target.
𝟔 𝟒 𝟑
(a) Find the probability that atleast one of them hits the target.
(b) Find the probability that exactly one of them hits the target.
(c) If the target is hit only once, find the probability that it was the man A.

𝟕 𝟑𝟏 𝟔
Ans. (a) ; (b) (c)
𝟏𝟐 𝟕𝟐 𝟑𝟏
QUESTION

If 𝐀, 𝐁 and 𝐂 are three events such that

𝟑 𝟏 𝟏
𝐏(𝐁) = , 𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 ∩ 𝐂) = and 𝐏 𝐀′ ∩ 𝐁 ∩ 𝐂 = , then 𝐏(𝐁 ∩ 𝐂) is equal to
𝟒 𝟑 𝟑

𝟏
A
𝟏𝟐
𝟏
B
𝟔
𝟏
C
𝟏𝟓
𝟏
D
𝟗

Ans. A
QUESTION [JEE Main 2023 (8 April)]

If the probability that the random variable 𝐗 takes values 𝐱 is given by

𝐏(𝐗 = 𝐱) = 𝐤(𝐱 + 𝟏)𝟑−𝐱 , 𝐱 = 𝟎, 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, …, where 𝐤 is a constant, then 𝐏(𝐗 ≥ 𝟐) is
equal to
𝟕
A
𝟏𝟖
𝟐𝟎
B
𝟐𝟕
𝟕
C
𝟐𝟕
𝟏𝟏
D
𝟏𝟖
Ans. C
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2023 (13 April)]

A coin is biased so that the head is 3 times as likely to occur as tail. This coin is
tossed until a head or three tails occur. If X denotes the number of tosses of the
coin, then the mean of X is:
𝟖𝟏
A
𝟔𝟒
𝟑𝟕
B
𝟏𝟔
𝟐𝟏
C
𝟏𝟔
𝟏𝟓
D
𝟏𝟔

Ans. C
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2022 (24 June)]

A random variable X has the following probability distribution:

X 0 1 2 3 4
p(X) k 2k 4k 6k 8k
The value of P(1 < X < 4 | X  2) is equal to
𝟒
A
𝟕
𝟐
B
𝟑
𝟑
C
𝟕
𝟒
D
𝟓
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2022 (28 July)]

A bag contains 4 white and 6black balls. Three balls are drawn at random from
the bag. Let X be the number of white balls, among the drawn balls. If 2 is the
variance of X, then 1002 is equal to ____
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2022 (30 June)]

The probability distribution of X is:

𝐗 0 1 2 3
𝟏−𝐝 𝟏 + 𝟐𝐝 𝟏 − 𝟒𝐝 𝟏 + 𝟑𝐝
𝐏(𝐗)
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
For the minimum possible value of d, sixty times the mean of X is equal to
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2022 (29 July)]

The sum and product of thee mean and variance of a binomial distribution are
82.5 and 1350 respectively. Then the number of trials in the binomial
distribution is _________
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2022 (25 July)]

If the sum and the product of mean and variance of a binomial distribution are
24 and 128 respectively, then the probability of one or two successes is:
𝟑𝟑
A
𝟐𝟑𝟐
𝟑𝟑
B
𝟐𝟐𝟗
𝟑𝟑
C
𝟐𝟐𝟖
𝟑𝟑
D
𝟐𝟐𝟕
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2022 (27 July)]

Let 𝐗 have a binomial distribution 𝐁(𝐧, 𝐩) such that the sum and the product of
the mean and variance of 𝐗 are 24 and 128 respectively.
𝐤
If 𝐏(𝐗 > 𝐧 − 𝟑) = , then 𝐤 is equal to:
𝟐𝐧

A 528

B 529

C 629

D 630
QUESTION

1. A point is selected at random inside an equilateral triangle whose length

is 3. Find the probability that its distance to any corner is greater than 1.

2. A point is selected at random inside a circle. Find the probability that the
point is closer to the circumference of the circle than to its centre. Ans: 3/4

3. Circle of radius 'a' is inscribed in a square of side 2a. Find the probability
that a point chosen at random is inside the square but outside the circle.
QUESTION

4. The sides of a rectangle are chosen at random each less than 10 cm, all
such lengths being equally likely. Find the probability that the diagonal of
the rectangle is less than 10 cm.

5. A line is divided into three parts, what is the chance that they form the
sides of a possible triangle.
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2023 (31 Jan)]

Let A be the event that the absolute difference between two randomly chosen
𝟏𝟏
real numbers in the sample space [0, 60] is less than or equal to A. If P(A) = ,
𝟑𝟔
then a is equal to

Ans. 10
QUESTION

A bag initially contains 1 red ball and 2 blue balls. A trial consists of selecting a
ball at random, noting its colour, and replacing it together with an additional
ball of the same colour. Given that three trials are made, draw a tree diagram
illustrating the various probabilities. Hence, or otherwise, find the probability
that
(i) at least one blue ball is drawn
(ii) exactly one blue ball is drawn.
(iii) Given that all three balls drawn are of the same colour, find the
probability that they are all red.

Ans. (i) 9/10, (ii) 1/5, (iii) 1/5

QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2022 (Paper 2)]

Suppose that Box-I contains 8 red, 3 blue and 5 green balls,

Box-II contains 24 red, 9 blue and 15 green balls,
Box-III contains 1 blue, 12 green and 3 yellow balls,
Box-IV contains 10 green, 16 orange and 6 white balls.
A ball is chosen randomly from Box-l; call this ball b. If b is red then a ball is
chosen randomly from Box-II, if b is blue then a ball is chosen randomly from
Box-III, and if b is green then a ball is chosen randomly from Box-IV. The
conditional probability of the event 'one of the chosen balls is white' given that
the event 'at least one of the chosen balls is green' has happened, is equal to
𝟏𝟓 𝟑
A B
𝟐𝟓𝟔 𝟏𝟔
𝟓 𝟏
C D
𝟓𝟐 𝟖
Ans. C
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (6 April)]

From a lot of 12 items containing 3 defectives, a sample of 5 items is drawn at

random. Let the random variable X denote the number of defective items in the
sample. Let items in the sample be drawn one by one without replacement. If
𝐦
variance of X is , where gcd(m, n) = 1, then n – m is equal to ________
𝐧

Ans. 71
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (5 April)]

From a lot of 10 items, which include 3 defective items, a sample of 5 items is

drawn at random. Let the random variable X denote the number of defective
items in the sample. If the variance of X is 2, then 962 is equal to ________

Ans. 56
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (8 April)]

Three balls are drawn at random from a bag containing 5 blue and 4 yellow
balls. Let the random variables X and Y respectively denote the number of blue
and yellow balls. If 𝐗 ഥ and 𝐘 ത are the means of X and Y respectively, then
ഥ + 𝟒𝐘
𝟕𝐗 ത is equal to __________.

Ans. 17
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2022 (4 April)]

If the mean of the following probability distribution of random variable X:

X 0 2 4 6 8
P(X) a 2a a+b 2b 3b

𝟒𝟔
is , then the variance of the distribution is
𝟗
𝟓𝟖𝟏 𝟓𝟔𝟔
A B
𝟖𝟏 𝟖𝟏
𝟏𝟓𝟏 𝟏𝟕𝟑
C D
𝟐𝟕 𝟐𝟕
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (31 Jan)]

Three rotten apples are accidently mixed with fifteen good apples. Assuming
the random variable x to be the number of rotten apples in a draw of two
apples, the variance of x is
𝟓𝟕
A
𝟏𝟓𝟑
𝟒𝟎
B
𝟏𝟓𝟑
𝟑𝟕
C
𝟏𝟓𝟑
𝟒𝟕
D
𝟏𝟓𝟑
Ans. B
 Today's BPP

1. An urn contains 5 red and 5 black balls. A ball is drawn at random, its
colour is noted and is returned to the urn. Moreover, 2 additional balls of
the colour drawn are put in the urn and then a ball is drawn at random.
What is the probability that the second ball is red?
2. A bag contains 4 red and 4 black balls, another bag contains 2 red and 6
black balls. One of the two bags is selected at random and a ball is drawn
from the bag which is found to be red. Find the probability that the ball is
drawn from the first bag.
3. Of the students in a college, it is known that 60% reside in hostel and 40%
are day scholars (not residing in hostel). Previous year results report that
30% of all students who reside in hostel attain A grade and 20% of day
scholars attain A grade in their annual examination. At the end of the year,
one student is chosen at random from the college and he has an A grade,
what is the probability that the student is a hostler?
 Today's BPP

4. In answering a question on a multiple choice test, a student either knows

𝟑
the 3 answer or guesses. Let be the probability that he knows the answer
𝟒
𝟏
and be the probability that he guesses. Assuming that a student who
𝟒
𝟏
guesses at the answer will be correct with probability .
What is the
𝟒
probability that the student knows the answer given that he answered it
correctly?
5. A laboratory blood test is 99% effective in detecting a certain disease
when it is in fact, present. However, the test also yields a false positive
result for 0.5% of the healthy person tested (i.e. if a healthy person is
tested, then, with probability 0.005, the test will imply he has the disease).
If 0.1 percent of the population actually has the disease, what is the
probability that a person has the disease given that his test result is
positive?
 Today's BPP

6. There are three coins. One is a two headed coin (having head on both
faces), another is a biased coin that comes up heads 75% of the time and
third is an unbiased coin. One of the three coins is chosen at random and
tossed, it shows heads, what is the probability that it was the two headed coin?
7. An insurance company insured 2000 scooter drivers, 4000 car drivers and
6000 truck drivers. The probability of an accidents are 0.01, 0.03 and 0.15
respectively. One of the insured persons meets with an accident. What is
the probability that he is a scooter driver?
8. A factory has two machines A and B. Past record shows that machine A
produced 60% of the items of output and machine B produced 40% of the
items. Further, 2% of the items produced by machine A and 1% produced
by machine B were defective. All the items are put into one stockpile and
then one item is chosen at random from this and is found to be defective.
What is the probability that it was produced by machine B?
 Today's BPP

9. Two groups are competing for the position on the Board of directors of a
corporation. The probabilities that the first and the second groups will win
are 0.6 and 0.4 respectively. Further, if the first group wins, the probability
of introducing a new product is 0.7 and the corresponding probability is
0.3 if the second group wins. Find the probability that the new product
introduced was by the second group.

10. Suppose a girl throws a die. If she gets a 5 or 6, she tosses a coin three
times and notes the number of heads. If she gets 1, 2, 3 or 4, she tosses a
coin once and notes whether a head or tail is obtained. If she obtained
exactly one head, what is the probability that she threw 1, 2, 3 or 4 with
the die?
 Today's BPP

11. A manufacturer has three machine operators A, B and C. The first operator
A produces 1% defective items, where as the other two operators B and C
pro- duce 5% and 7% defective items respectively. A is on the job for 50%
of the time, B is on the job for 30% of the time and C is on the job for 20%
of the time. A defective item is produced, what is the probability that it was
produced by A?

12. A card from a pack of 52 cards is lost. From the remaining cards of the
pack, two cards are drawn and are found to be both diamonds. Find the
probability of the lost card being a diamond.
 Today's BPP

𝟒
13. Probability that A speaks truth is . A coin is tossed. A reports that a head
𝟓
appears. The probability that actually there was head is
𝟒 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐
(A) (B) (C) (D)
𝟓 𝟐 𝟓 𝟓

14. If A and B are two events such that ACB and P(B) ≠ 0, then which of the
following is correct?
𝐏 𝐀
(A) 𝐏(𝐀 | 𝐁) = (B) P(A | B) < P(A)
𝐏 𝐁

(C) P(A | B)  P(A) (D) None of these

 BPP Answers

𝟏 𝟐 𝟗
1. 2. 3.
𝟐 𝟑 𝟏𝟑
𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝟐 𝟒
4. 5. 6.
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑𝟑 𝟗
𝟏 𝟏 𝟐
7. 8. 9.
𝟓𝟐 𝟒 𝟗
𝟖 𝟓 𝟏𝟏
10. 11. 12.
𝟏𝟏 𝟑𝟒 𝟓𝟎

13. A 14. C
 (RPP 1)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (4 April)]

𝟐𝐂 𝟑𝐂 𝟒𝐂 𝟏𝐂 + 𝟏 𝐂𝟏 𝟐𝐂 + 𝟐 𝐂𝟏 + 𝟐 𝐂𝟐 𝟑𝐂 + 𝟑 𝐂𝟏 + 𝟑 𝐂 𝟐 + 𝟑 𝐂𝟑
Let 𝐚 = 𝟏 + 𝟐
+ 𝟐
+ 𝟐
+ ...., 𝐛 = 𝟏 + 𝟎
+ 𝟎
+ 𝟎
.
𝟑! 𝟒! 𝟓! 𝟏! 𝟐! 𝟑!
𝟐𝐛
Then is equal to _______________
𝐚𝟐

Ans. 8
 (RPP 2)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (6 April)]

Let [t] denote the greatest integer less than or equal to 𝐭. Let 𝐟: [𝟎, ∞) → 𝐑 be a
𝐱
function defined by 𝐟 𝐱 = +𝟑 − 𝐱 . Let S be the set of all points in the
𝟐
interval [0, 8] at which 𝐟 is not continuous. Then

෍ 𝐚 is equal to
a∈S

Ans. 17
 (RPP 3)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (4 April)]

𝟓𝐱+𝟏 𝟏/𝟑 − 𝐱+𝟓 𝟏/𝟑 𝐦 𝟓

If 𝐥𝐢𝐦 = , where 𝐠𝐜𝐝(m, n) = 1, then 8m + 12n is equal to
𝐱→𝟏 𝟐𝐱+𝟑 𝟏/𝟐 − 𝐱+𝟒 𝟏/𝟐 𝐧 𝟐𝐧 𝟐/𝟑

Ans. 100
 (RPP 4)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (1 Feb)]

𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 𝟏− 𝐱 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝟏− 𝐱
Let {x} denote the fractional part of 𝐱 and 𝐟 𝐱 = , 𝐱 ≠ 𝟎. If
𝐱−𝐱𝟑
L and R respectively denotes the left hand limit and the right hand limit of 𝐟 𝐱
𝟑𝟐
at 𝐱 = 𝟎, then 𝐋𝟐 + 𝐑𝟐 is equal to
𝛑𝟐

Ans. 18
 (RPP 5)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (6 April)]

Let 𝐱 𝟏 , 𝐱𝟐 , 𝐱𝟑 , 𝐱𝟒 be the solution of the equation 𝟒𝐱 𝟒 + 𝟖𝐱 𝟑 − 𝟏𝟕𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝐱 + 𝟗 = 𝟎

𝟏𝟐𝟓
and 𝟒 + 𝐱 𝟏𝟐 𝟒 + 𝐱 𝟐𝟐 𝟒 + 𝐱 𝟑𝟐 𝟒 + 𝐱𝟒𝟐 = 𝐦. Then the value of 𝐦 is
𝟏𝟔

Ans. 221
QUESTION

n whole numbers taken at random are multiplied together. Find the chance
that the digit at the unit place of their product is
(a) 1, 3, 7 or 9 is ________ (b) 2, 4, 6 or 8 is ________
(c) 5 is _________ (d) 0 is ________
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2023 (Paper 2)]

Paragraph
Consider the 𝟔 × 𝟔 square in the figure. Let 𝐀 𝟏 , 𝐀 𝟐 , … 𝐀 𝟒𝟗 be the points of
intersections (dots in the picture) in some order. We say that 𝐀 𝐢 and 𝐀 𝐣 are
friends if they are adjacent along a row or along a column. Assume that each
point A has an equal chance of being chosen.
Let p be the probability that a randomly chosen point
has i many friends, i = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4. Let X be a random
variable such that for i = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 the probability
P(X = i) = p. Then the value of 7E(X) is

Ans. 24
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2023 (Paper 2)]

Paragraph
Consider the 𝟔 × 𝟔 square in the figure. Let 𝐀 𝟏 , 𝐀 𝟐 , … 𝐀 𝟒𝟗 be the points of
intersections (dots in the picture) in some order. We say that 𝐀 𝐢 and 𝐀 𝐣 are
friends if they are adjacent along a row or along a column. Assume that each
point A has an equal chance of being chosen.
Two distinct points are chosen randomly out of the
points A1, A2, ...., A49. Let p be the probability that they
are friends. Then the value of 7p is

Ans. 50
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2023 (Paper 2)]

Consider an experiment of tossing a coin repeatedly until the outcomes of two

consecutive tosses are same. If the probability of a random toss resulting in
𝟏
head is , then the probability that the experiment stops with head is:
𝟑
𝟏
A
𝟑
𝟓
B
𝟐𝟏
𝟒
C
𝟐𝟏
𝟐
D
𝟕
Ans. B
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2023 (Paper 1)]

𝐱𝟐 𝐲𝟐
Let 𝐗 = ቄ(𝐱, 𝐲) ∈ ℤ × ℤ: + < 𝟏 and 𝐲 𝟐 < 𝟓𝐱ൟ. Three distinct points 𝐏, 𝐐 and 𝐑
𝟖 𝟐𝟎
are randomly chosen from 𝐗. Then the probability that 𝐏, 𝐐 and 𝐑 form a
triangle whose area is a positive integer, is:
𝟕𝟏
A
𝟐𝟐𝟎
𝟕𝟑
B
𝟐𝟐𝟎
𝟕𝟗
C
𝟐𝟐𝟎
𝟖𝟑
D
𝟐𝟐𝟎
Ans. B
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2006]

Paragraph
There are n urns each containing n + 1 balls such that the ith urn contains i
white balls and (n + 1 – i) red balls. Let ui be the event of selecting ith urn,
i = 1, 2, 3, ……, n and w denotes the event of getting a white ball.
If P(ui)  i, where i = 1, 2, 3, ....., n, then 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝐏(𝐰) is equal to
𝐧→∞

A 1

B 2/3

C 3/4

D 1/4
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2006]

Paragraph
There are n urns each containing n + 1 balls such that the ith urn contains i
white balls and (n + 1 – i) red balls. Let ui be the event of selecting ith urn,
i = 1, 2, 3, ……, n and w denotes the event of getting a white ball.
If P(ui) = c where c is a constant then P(un/w) is equal to
𝟐
A
𝐧+𝟏
𝟏
B
𝐧+𝟏
𝐧
C 𝐧+𝟏
𝟏
D
𝟐
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2006]

Paragraph
There are n urns each containing n + 1 balls such that the ith urn contains i
white balls and (n + 1 – i) red balls. Let ui be the event of selecting ith urn,
i = 1, 2, 3, ……, n and w denotes the event of getting a white ball.
If n is even and E denotes the event of choosing even numbered urn
𝟏
𝐏 𝐮𝐢 = , then the value of P(w/E), is
𝐧

𝐧+𝟐 𝐧+𝟐
A B
𝟐𝐧 + 𝟏 𝟐(𝐧 + 𝟏)
𝐧 𝟏
C 𝐧+𝟏 D
𝐧+𝟏
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2024 (Paper 1)]

A student appears for a quiz consisting of only true-false type questions and
answers all the questions. The student knows the answers of some questions and
guesses the answers for the remaining questions. Whenever the student knows
the answer of a question, he gives the correct answer. Assume that the
probability of the student giving the correct answer for a question, given that he
𝟏
has guessed it, is . Also assume that the probability of the answer for a question
𝟐
𝟏
being guessed, given that the student's answer is correct, is . Then the
𝟔
probability that the student knows the answer of a randomly chosen question is:
𝟏 𝟏
A B
𝟏𝟐 𝟕
𝟓 𝟓
C D
𝟕 𝟏𝟐
Ans. C
QUESTION [JEE Advance 2022 (Paper 1)]

Two players, 𝐏𝟏 and 𝐏𝟐 , play a game against each other. In every round of the game,
each player rolls a fair die once, where the six faces of the die have six distinct
numbers. Let 𝐱 and 𝐲 denote the readings on the die rolled by 𝐏𝟏 and 𝐏𝟐 , respectively. If
𝐱 > 𝐲, then 𝐏𝟏 scores 5 points and 𝐏𝟐 scores 0 point. If 𝐱 = 𝐲, then each player scores 2
points. If 𝐱 < 𝐲, then 𝐏𝟏 scores 0 point and 𝐏𝟐 scores 5 points. Let 𝐗 𝐢 and 𝐘𝐢 be the total
scores of 𝐏𝟏 and 𝐏𝟐 , respectively, after playing the ith round.

List-I List-II
𝟑
(I) Probability of 𝐗 𝟐 ≥ 𝐘𝟐 is (P)
𝟖
𝟏𝟏
(II) Probability of 𝐗 𝟐 > 𝐘𝟐 is (Q)
𝟏𝟔
𝟓
(III) Probability of 𝐗 𝟑 = 𝐘𝟑 is (R)
𝟏𝟔
𝟑𝟓𝟓
(IV) Probability of 𝐗 𝟑 > 𝐘𝟑 is (S)
𝟖𝟔𝟒
𝟕𝟕
(T)
𝟒𝟑𝟐
QUESTION [JEE Advance 2022 (Paper 1)]

The correct option is:

A (I) → (Q); (II) → (R); (III) → (T); (IV) → (S)

B (I) → (Q); (II) → (R); (III) → (T); (IV) → (T)

C (I) → (P); (II) → (R); (III) → (Q); (IV) → (S)

D (I) → (P); (II) → (R); (III) → (Q); (IV) → (T)

Ans. A
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2024 (Paper 1)]

Let X be a random variable, and let P(X = x) denote the probability that X takes
the value x. Suppose that the points (x, P(X = x)), x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, lie on a fixed
straight line in the xy-plane, and P(X = x) = 0 for all x ∈ R – {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}. If the
𝟓
mean of X is , and the variance of X is , then the value of 24 is _______________
𝟐

Ans. 42
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2023 (Paper 2)]

Let X be the set of all five digit numbers formed using 1, 2, 2, 2, 4, 4, 0. For
example, 22240 is in X while 02244 and 44422 are not in X. Suppose that each
element of X has an equal chance of being chosen. Let p be the conditional
probability that an element chosen at random is a multiple of 20 given that it is
a multiple of 5. Then the value of 38p is equal to:

Ans. 31
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2012]

A ship is fitted with three engines 𝐄𝟏 , 𝐄𝟐 and 𝐄𝟑 . The engines function

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
independently of each other with respective probabilities , and . For the
𝟐 𝟒 𝟒
ship to be operational at least two of its engines must function. Let 𝐗 denote
the event that the ship is operational and 𝐗 𝟏 , 𝐗 𝟐 , 𝐗 𝟑 denotes respectively the
events that the engines 𝐄𝟏 , 𝐄𝟐 and 𝐄𝟑 are functioning. Which of the following is
(are) true?
𝟑
A 𝐏 𝐗 𝐜𝟏 ∣𝐗 =
𝟏𝟔
𝟕
B P[Exactly two engines of ship are functioning | X] =
𝟖
𝟓
C 𝐏 𝐗 ∣ 𝐗𝟐 =
𝟏𝟔
𝟕
D 𝐏 𝐗 ∣ 𝐗𝟏 =
𝟏𝟔
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2020]

Let 𝐂𝟏 and 𝐂𝟐 be two biased coins such that the probabilities of getting head in
𝟐 𝟏
a single toss are and respectively. Suppose 𝛂 is the number of heads that
,
𝟑 𝟑
appear when 𝐂𝟏 is tossed twice, independently, and suppose 𝛃 is the number of
heads that appear when 𝐂𝟐 is tossed twice, independently. Then probability
that the roots of the quadratic polynomial 𝐱 𝟐 − 𝛂𝐱 + 𝛃 are real and equal, is
𝟒𝟎 𝟐𝟎
A B
𝟖𝟏 𝟖𝟏
𝟏 𝟏
C D
𝟐 𝟒
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2022 (Paper 1)]

In a study about a pandemic, data of 900 persons was collected. It was found that
190 persons had symptom of fever,
220 persons had symptom of cough,
220 persons had symptom of breathing problem,
330 persons had symptom of fever or cough or both,
350 persons had symptom of cough or breathing problem or both,
340 persons had symptom of fever or breathing problem or both,
30 persons had all three symptoms (fever, cough and breathing problem).
If a person is chosen randomly from these 900 persons, then the probability
that the person has at most one symptom is ___________

Ans. 0.79 to 0.81