Disaster Readiness and

Risk Reduction
Quarter 1 – Module 7:
Vulnerabilities of Different
Elements Exposed to Hazards

Download
 Lesson
Recognize vulnerabilities of
different elements exposed
1 to specific hazards.

The learners in this module will realize that recognizing the vulnerabilities of different
elements exposed to hazard will help the community design to formulate strategies
on prevention, mitigation, and immediate response and possible rehabilitations after
a major event such as natural disasters, war and the other similar situations.

What’s In

Direction: Classify the following words/phrase according to the given category

below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

agricultural land hospital seashore

barangay response team marine resources social status

bridges railroads subdivision

fish pond rainforest telecommunications

government schools transportation

Category 1 Category 2 Category 3

8
If you are going to assign labels or headings for each category, what could it be?
Category 1
Category 2
Category 3

Notes to the Teacher

There are several possible answers. Consider answers that are
relevant to the questions and could have been a possible answer
but not included in the answer key.

What’s New

Direction: Concept map is a visual representation that shows relationships between

concepts. Arrange the following words or phrase into a concept map. Under the
diagram, explain how did you come up with your output and cite your basis. (see the
sample concept map below)

9
GUIDE WORDS:

ecosystem exposed response and recovery tangible

elements hazard risk
environmental physical socio-economic

What is It

Vulnerabilities of different elements are determined due to its

exposure to particular and specific hazard.

Physical vulnerability includes population density levels,

place of a settlement, the site design, and materials used for
infrastructure and housing. When hazardous events occur, normally
physical elements are severely damaged. For example, UP Visayas
buildings were totally destroyed during the super typhoon Yolanda in
2008 leaving the structure totally damaged. Another example is the
decreased in population density like what happened in Baguio during
the 1990 earthquake in North Luzon when a lot of people were
injured and died.

Social vulnerability happens due to inability of people,

organization, and societies to prevent severe effects from hazards
because of the expected behavior in social interactions, institutions,
and system of cultural values. For example, during typhoon the line
of

10
communications were cut off when cell sites shutdown or disruption
of transport system due to inability of small vehicles to pass through
the flooded areas or unpassable roads and bridges. With some
difficulties in the delivery of services such as relief goods and
medicines, a lot of problems occurred like shortage of food and
spread of infectious diseases. Therefore, when social elements were
exposed to hazard, these may lead to disruption of normal processes
and activities in the community.

Level of economic vulnerability is based on the economic

status of individuals, communities, and nations. The poorer the
country, the more vulnerable to disasters because they lack the funds
or budgets to build sturdy structures and put other engineering
measures in place which protect them from being affected by
disasters. So, we can say that Philippines is more vulnerable to an
event such as earthquake compared to Japan. Though both countries
are exposed to earthquake hazard because both are located in the
Pacific ring of fire, but due to differences in economic status, Japan is
more resilient because of its ability to afford changes in architectural
and engineering designs of building and infrastructures to make them
less vulnerable to earthquake. Another example is the Covid-19
pandemic wherein the most affected are those who belong to low
income and informal workers.

Social and economic vulnerability can be combined also known

as socioeconomic vulnerability.

Environmental vulnerability is caused by natural resources

depletion and destruction. Organisms like humans, animals, and
plants are all dependent on the environment for survival. Human
activities like deforestation, burning of fossil fuels, and kaingin affect
the natural abilities of the environment to protect itself from any natural
hazard due to absence of trees which may cause landslide and
flashfloods. Sometimes the effects are irreversible.

Quantifying vulnerability is used in estimating how much

mitigation and preparedness measures will be applied. Computation is
based on the previous hazard events and severity of their effects.
Vulnerability can be expressed as: 0 = lowest degree of vulnerability and
1 as the highest degree. Vulnerability of people is the ratio of casualties
or injured to the total population. Vulnerability of buildings is
expressed as a repair cost or degree of damage.

11
 The Philippines has high vulnerability due to the following
reasons:
 It lies in the Pacific typhoon belt and we are visited by an
average of 20 typhoons every year.
 Rugged nature of the landscape makes it vulnerable to
landslide, mudflows, and other disasters.
 It is an archipelagic country with many small islands where
some areas are at below sea level.
 It has the longest shoreline in the world at 32,400 km making
it vulnerable to storm surges.
 It is still a primary agricultural and fishing economy.
 With poor institutional and social capacity to manage,
respond, and recover from natural hazard events.
 With high level of poverty
 Aside from typhoon, it is also at risk to volcanic eruptions,
quakes, and floods.
 ACTIVITY NO. 7
DISASTER READINESS AND RISK REDUCTION
Name: _____________________________________________ Date: __________________
Grade and Strand: ____________________________________ Score: _________________

Direction: Classify the following phrases and sentences whether it is PHYSICAL,

SOCIOECONOMICAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY.

_____________________________________ 1. shutdown of telecommunication tower

_____________________________________ 2. denudation of forests

_____________________________________ 3. rest houses near Boracay shoreline

_____________________________________ 4. Twenty-story building constructed on soil mainly

made up of clay.

_____________________________________ 5. bridges with cracks and crevices

_____________________________________ 6. overfertilization of agricultural soil

_____________________________________ 7. Loss of job due to COVID-19 pandemic

_____________________________________ 8. possible retrenchment of ABS CBN employees

due to its shutdown

_____________________________________ 9. Destruction of coral reefs that serves as barriers

against storm surge.

_____________________________________ 10. houses built near faul

II. Direction. The following are different situational statements. Identify 3 elements that are
vulnerable in each situation.

1. You are a secondary student. You are stranded in your school building. They have blocked off
the entrances and exits because the grounds are flooded. You have been trying to call your family
and trying to get news on your house, but the signal’s down. You have only gotten your books,
notebooks, and laboratory materials in your bag and locker. What elements of vulnerability are
present in the situation?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. You and your family is living in an apartment. You knew that the location you are residing is a
flood risk area. The radio reports anticipated flooding, and you heard the rain pouring, so you
prepared water bottle, some clothes, canned goods, and cash. You placed all your electronic
appliances on top of the cabinets and tables and encased them in plastic covers. You’re ready to go
out, but you don’t know where the evacuation center is.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

3. You and your family are very creative and artistic. You have got two younger sisters and one
younger brother. Your mother owns several vases and portraits she has made herself. It occurs
that there is a 2-minute earthquake of magnitude 6 and intensity 4 in your hometown. Your family
panicked and put all the vases and portraits down the floor to prevent this from braking.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

4. Your father's on his way to a Manila work event. The bus stops unexpectedly at Bacoor, Cavite
and the bus driver declares that they will soon suspend the operations because most of the roads
are flooded and they are unable to proceed. All the passengers take a negative reaction. Your
father forgot his cellphone, and because the signal is failing, he cannot call his officemates and
family
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

5. You are 84 years old and staying in your house in Quezon city. You are dependent on the house
help which your daughter hired to take care of you. You have difficulty in talking and trying to tell
the maid to turn on the radio and prepare food. You want to know what’s going on. You hear that
there is a pandemic and the whole Luzon is under Enhanced Community Quarantine. Since you are
susceptible to the virus and with your health condition, it is not advisable to deal and have physical
contact with your family members. You want to know how your daughter and grandkids are doing
in Cebu.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
III. Direction: Read the situation below. The complete the task that follows.

You have got a rice store in your home. According to the news, Typhoon Ondoy will bring heavy
rain to almost every part of Southern Luzon, including your location. At first, the rain seemed
normal, but it's just not going to stop. There are fewer customers right now. With this rain, there
may not be any more customers soon. It might flood in a bit, but if you close the store, you 're not
going to be able to feed your three children. So, you've decided not to close the store. There's
news from your neighbors that your residence is already overflowing, and in a few minutes your
store and the rest of the community will be flooded. Your family has been instructed by barangay
officials to evacuate the public elementary school in the vicinity of School. Your family has been
instructed by the Barangay officials to evacuate to a public elementary school located in your
municipality.

1. Identify all the elements exposed to hazard <Typhoon Ondoy= and identify the category
(Physical, socioeconomical or environmental).

Elements exposed to hazard Category

2. If you are in the same situation, what will be your immediate decision? Stay in the
place that you consider as your way of living or prioritize the safety of your family?
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________

3. Why is it so important to determine the elements exposed to hazards in your

community?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
 Assessment

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which among the following is classified as social vulnerability?

a. fatalism
b. soil quality
c. health facilities
d. leadership qualities

2. What is the degree to which a population, system, service or geographic

area is likely to be affected or disrupted by the impact of a particular
hazard?
a. capacity
b. hazard
c. risk
d. vulnerability

3. What element is exposed to hazard during typhoon when the houses are
destroyed?
a. economical
b. environmental
c. physical
d. social

15
4. What element is exposed when flood occurred due to deforestation?
a. economical
b. environmental
c. physical
d. social

5. COVID 19 pandemic affected the economy resulting to closure of many

businesses during the enhanced community quarantine. What element is
mostly affected?
a. economical
b. environmental
c. physical
d. social

6. Increased human population can sometimes result to .

a. lowered risk
b. less exposure
c. decreased hazard
d. increased vulnerability

7. Some areas in Cavite is situated within the fault lines stated at risk by
PHILVOLCS. What element has least possibility of being exposed to hazard?
a. economical
b. environmental
c. physical
d. social

8. COVID 19 pandemic affected the operations of establishments such as malls

and other leisure establishments which were prohibited from operating to
prevent further community transmission. Which element is mostly
exposed?
a. economical
b. environmental
c. physical
e. social

9. What factors determine the level of disaster risk?

V. nature of the hazard
VI. exposure of the community at risk
VII. vulnerability of the elements which are affected
VIII. economic value of the elements which are affected
a. I and II
b. II and III
c. III and IV
d. II and IV

16
10. All of the following choices can least likely cause physical vulnerability
EXCEPT .
a. pandemic
b. storm surge
c. tsunami
d. wild fire

11. Which among the following is considered as socio-economical hazard?

a. volcanic eruption
b. flooding and drought
c. chemical contamination
d. environmental degradation

12. Why is it important to quantify vulnerability?

a. to identify the community that are at risk
b. to determine the incoming hazardous events
c. to estimate how much mitigation and preparedness is applicable
d. to know the local government units to approach during hazardous event

13. How will you quantify the vulnerability of the people?

a. get the ratio of the number of people died to the total population
b. get the ratio of the number of people survived to the total population
c. get the ratio of the total population to the number of people survived
d. get the ratio of the number of casualties or injured to the total population

14. The vulnerability status of a structure or building depends on the

following EXCEPT .
a. cost of repair
b. economic losses
c. extent of damage
d. degree of injury to the people

15. Kaingin is a human practice where in a forest is converted to farmland. In

this case, what element is most likely exposed to hazard?
a. economical
b. environmental
c. physical
d. social

17
 Additional Activities

Hand-Made or Do-It-Yourself Information flyers

1. Observe a community (you can choose your own community or barangay).

2. Determine all the elements exposed to hazard in that particular locality.
3. Make an information flyer and include all the elements exposed to hazard.
Also include hotlines in case of emergency. Be creative.
4. You will be graded based on the rubrics given below:

TOTAL
Criteria’s 4 3 2 1
SCORE
Accuracy All Most of the Some of the Very little of
and information information information the
Relevance is correct is correct is correct information
and all of and most of and some of is correct
the sources the sources the sources and none of
are listed are listed are listed the sources
are listed
Originality With One or two Graphics No graphics
exceptional of the made based made by
degree of graphics on the the student
student reflects designs of are
creativity in creativity of others included
their work. the students
Required The flyer All required All but 1 are Several
Elements includes elements are included on required
required included on the flyer elements are
elements as the flyer missing
well as
additional
information
Neatness All writing Most of the Some of the Very little of
is tidy, writing is writing is the writing
photos and tidy, photos tidy, photos is tidy,
artwork are and artwork and artwork photos and
precisely are mostly are artwork are
placed, and placed somewhat placed
all sections carefully, placed poorly, and
are orderly and most of carefully, the sections
the sections and some of are
are orderly the sections disorderly
are orderly
Creativity The Most of the Some of Very little of
brochure as brochure the the
a whole is is brochure is brochure is
interesting, interesting, interesting, interesting,
engaging, engaging,

18
 engaging, imaginative, imaginative, engaging,
imaginative, and original and original imaginative,
and original and original
Colorful The Most of the Some of the Very little of
brochure is brochure is brochure is the
eye catching eye catching eye catching brochure is
and vibrant and bright and average eye
and/or colors and/or catching
coordinated and/or some and dull
colors are mostly mismatched and/or
used coordinated colors are mismatched
colors are used colors are
used used

Kellie Hayden, <Teaching Ideas for Brochure-Making With a Rubric=,

Bright Hub Education, June 26, 2010
https://www.brighthubeducation.com/teaching−methods−tips/75435−rubric−for−brochure−project/

19
 Answer Key

15.B 30.B
14.A 29.A
13.D 28.D
12.C 27.C
11.D 10.Environmental 26.D
10.A 9. Socioeconomical 25.A
9. B 8. Socioeconomical 24.B
8. A 7. Environmental 23.A
B 7. 22.B
6. Physical
D 6. 21.D
A 5. Physical 5. 20.A
B 4. Physical 4. 19.B
C 3. Environmental 3. 18.C
2. C 2. Physical 17.C
1. C 1. Socioeconomical 16.C

Assessment What's More What I Know

20
References
Bueza, Michael. <The Role of LGUs, Local Councils during Disasters.=, December 6,
2014. https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/44026-role-lgu-local-
councils-disaster.

Campanero, Nida S, and Veronica N Egargo. <Correlates of Vulnerability: A

Quantified Study of People’s Vulnerability on the Impact of Super
Typhoon Yolanda in Guiuan, Eastern Samar, Philippines.= Imperial
Journal of Interdisciplinary Research 3, no. 9 (2017): 416–32.

<Executive Order No. 335, s. 1941: GOVPH.= Official Gazette of the Republic of the
Philippines, April 1, 1941. http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph
/1941/04/01/executive-order-no-335-s-1941/.

Republic Act No. 10121. Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act
of 2010. Manila, Philippines: Congress of the Philippines. (accessed
May 20, 2020). http://www.mdrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/45/
Republic_Act_10121.

Kellie Hayden, <Teaching Ideas for Brochure-Making With a Rubric=, June

26, 2010. https://www.brighthubeducation.com/teaching-
methods- tips/75435-rubric-for-brochure-project/

21
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-

BLR) Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-

4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph

22